1
18:35:03,971 --> 18:35:07,107
OBSERVE HOW THE EARTH IS
CHANGING SPECIFICALLY WITH
2
18:35:07,174 --> 18:35:12,846
RELATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE.
ONE RESEARCHER DESCRIBED THIS I
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18:35:14,882 --> 18:35:18,018
SPOKE EARLIER TODAY WITH THE
RESEARCHER AT BOSTON COLLEGE.
4
18:35:18,085 --> 18:35:23,757
SHE STUDIES HOW CO2 MOVES FROM
THE ATMOSPHERE INTO THE OCEANS
5
18:35:26,159 --> 18:35:29,730
AND SHE DESCRIBED OUR SCIENTIFIC
UNDERSTANDING ABOUT ONE OF THOSE
6
18:35:29,796 --> 18:35:33,600
TALL JINGO TOWERS AND SHE SAID
THIS IS ONE MORE EXAMPLE OF
7
18:35:33,667 --> 18:35:35,936
PULLING A TILE OUT OF THAT
TOWER.
8
18:35:36,003 --> 18:35:40,807
HERE IS HOW SHE PUT IT.
>> WE DON'T KNOW WHICH PIECE OF
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18:35:41,942 --> 18:35:42,709
THAT JENGA TOWER IS GOING TO BE
REALLY CRITICAL IN SEEING THE
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18:35:42,776 --> 18:35:46,346
CHANGES THAT ARE COMING IN THE
FUTURE.
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18:35:46,813 --> 18:35:48,081
AND SO WE REALLY ARE AT A TIME
THAT WE NEED MORE RATHER THAN
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18:35:48,148 --> 18:35:53,720
FEWER SENSORS OUT IN THE OCEAN.
AND SO THIS IS REALLY GOING IN
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18:35:54,454 --> 18:35:55,756
THE WRONG DIRECTION FOR WHAT WE
NEED AS A SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY
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18:35:55,822 --> 18:35:59,826
AND AS SOCIETY.
AMNA: I UNDERSTAND THIS IS A
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18:36:09,336 --> 18:36:12,105
PARTICULARLY FROCK TIME RIGHT
NOW TO BE CUTTING THIS RESEARCH
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18:36:12,172 --> 18:36:13,173
INTO OCEAN MONITORING.
WHY?
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18:36:13,240 --> 18:36:18,478
WILLIAM: BECAUSE THERE ARE TWO
ENORMOUSLY SIGNIFICANT
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18:36:19,813 --> 18:36:22,182
PHENOMENON HAPPENING RIGHT NOW,
ONE IS IN THE PACIFIC OCEAN
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18:36:22,249 --> 18:36:25,485
CALLED A SUPER EL NIŅO,
CHARACTERIZED BY INCREDIBLY WARM
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18:36:25,552 --> 18:36:28,622
OCEAN WATERS IN THE PACIFIC
WHICH WE ARE SEEING RIGHT NOW.
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18:36:28,689 --> 18:36:32,326
A STRONG EL NIŅO CAN AFFECT
WEATHER PATTERNS ALL OVER THE
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18:36:32,392 --> 18:36:35,629
WORLD.
THIS IS NOW GEARING UP TO BE A
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18:36:36,196 --> 18:36:36,864
POTENTIALLY RECORD-BREAKING EL
NIŅO.
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18:36:36,930 --> 18:36:39,933
THAT IS ONE EVENT IN THE
PACIFIC.
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18:36:41,134 --> 18:36:43,971
SWITCHING ACROSS TO THE ATLANTIC
IS A SECOND SYSTEM THAT GOES BY
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18:36:44,037 --> 18:36:49,610
THE ACRONYM KNOWN AS AMOKC.
IT MOVES OCEAN CURRENTS ALL OVER
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18:36:53,747 --> 18:36:57,651
THE GLOBE PARTICULARLY IN THE
NORTH ATLANTIC.
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18:36:57,718 --> 18:37:01,221
SOME RESEARCHERS HAVE BEEN
DETECTING A SIGNAL THAT WARMING
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18:37:01,288 --> 18:37:06,593
PARTICULARLY WARMING IN THE
ARCTIC COULD BE DISRUPTING IT
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18:37:06,660 --> 18:37:10,764
AND EVEN OVERTURNING IT.
AND IF THAT WERE TO ACTUALLY
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18:37:10,831 --> 18:37:14,268
HAPPEN, THIS WOULD BE CONSIDERED
ONE OF THE MOST GRAVE TURNING,
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18:37:14,334 --> 18:37:18,505
TIPPING POINTS SCIENTISTS FEAR
COULD HAPPEN WITH REGARD TO
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18:37:18,572 --> 18:37:22,176
CLIMATE CHANGE.
IF THAT WERE TO HAPPEN THIS
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18:37:22,242 --> 18:37:24,778
WOULD CAST INCREDIBLY HARSH
WINTERS OVER EUROPE AND SENT
35
18:37:24,845 --> 18:37:28,949
MUCH MORE FIERCE HURRICANES TO
THE EAST COAST OF THE UNITED
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18:37:29,016 --> 18:37:30,517
STATES.
MOST PROBLEMATICALLY IT COULD
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18:37:30,584 --> 18:37:34,488
SERIOUSLY DISTORT THE RAIN THAT
FEEDS MILLIONS OF PEOPLE IN
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18:37:34,555 --> 18:37:36,990
AFRICA, IN ASIA, IN SOUTH
AMERICA.
39
18:37:37,057 --> 18:37:42,362
SO THE RESEARCHERS I'VE BEEN IN
TOUCH WITH ARE ARGUING THIS IS
40
18:37:42,429 --> 18:37:45,732
EXACTLY THE TIME THAT YOU DO NOT
WANT TO BE QUITE LITERALLY
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18:37:45,799 --> 18:37:48,402
TAKING YOUR EYES OFF THE OCEAN.
AMNA: WILLIAM BRANGHAM, THANK
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18:37:48,468 --> 18:37:50,137
YOU SO MUCH FOR THE LATEST
THERE.
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18:37:50,204 --> 18:37:52,206
WILLIAM: THANK YOU.
?
44
18:38:04,484 --> 18:38:08,622
GEOFF: TODAY, THE WORLD HEALTH
ORGANIZATION SAID THE FIGHT
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18:38:08,689 --> 18:38:10,424
AGAINST EBOLA IN DEMOCRATIC
REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO IS QUOTE,
46
18:38:10,490 --> 18:38:11,992
"CATCHING UP," WITH THE SPREAD
OF THE VIRUS. BUT HEALTH
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18:38:12,059 --> 18:38:13,861
OFFICIALS WARN THE CRISIS IS FAR
FROM OVER.
48
18:38:13,927 --> 18:38:16,597
MORE THAN 340 CASES HAVE BEEN
CONFIRMED AND THE OUTBREAK HAS
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18:38:16,663 --> 18:38:22,202
CROSSED INTO NEIGHBORING UGANDA,
WORSENING THE CHALLENGE OF
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18:38:22,269 --> 18:38:23,937
CONTAINING THE DEADLY DISEASE IN
A REGION ALREADY RIDDLED WITH
51
18:38:24,004 --> 18:38:27,975
CONFLICT, DISPLACEMENT, AND
STRAINED HEALTHCARE SYSTEMS.
52
18:38:28,041 --> 18:38:33,013
TO GET A VIEW FROM THE GROUND,
WE TURN TO SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT
53
18:38:33,080 --> 18:38:34,548
CHRIS OCAMRINGA IN DRC'S CAPITAL
KINSHASA. AND TO GIVE YOU A
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18:38:34,615 --> 18:38:39,987
SENSE OF SCALE AND OF THE
CHALLENGES MOVING ABOUT THE DRC,
55
18:38:40,053 --> 18:38:43,390
KINSHASA IS ABOUT 950 MILES FROM
THE EPICENTER OF THE OUTBREAK IN
56
18:38:43,457 --> 18:38:46,293
COUNTRY'S NORTHEAST. THAT'S
ROUGHLY THE SAME DISTANCE
57
18:38:46,360 --> 18:38:51,265
BETWEEN JACKSON, MISSISSIPPI AND
WASHINGTON, D.C.
58
18:38:51,331 --> 18:38:55,002
THANK YOU FOR BEING WITH US.
BRING US UP TO SPEED.
59
18:38:55,068 --> 18:38:57,304
WHAT DO WE KNOW ABOUT THE SCOPE
OF THE OUTBREAK RIGHT NOW AND
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18:38:57,371 --> 18:38:58,939
HOW CONCERNED HEALTH OFFICIALS
ARE ABOUT IT?
61
18:38:59,006 --> 18:39:04,077
CHRIS: HEALTH OFFICIALS IN THE
DRC ARE STRUGGLING TO CONTAIN
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18:39:04,144 --> 18:39:09,816
THIS OUTBREAK THAT HAS SPREAD
RAPIDLY SINCE IT TOOK PLACE MAY
63
18:39:12,819 --> 18:39:15,055
15.
THERE ARE ONLY THREE AREAS THAT
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18:39:15,122 --> 18:39:19,593
REGISTERED CASES.
BUT NOW THERE ARE MORE THAN 30
65
18:39:22,563 --> 18:39:24,998
HEALTH ZONES THAT HAVE PORTED
CASES.
66
18:39:25,065 --> 18:39:29,903
WE ARE TOLD THERE ARE 60 PEOPLE
WHO HAVE DIED AND 344 OTHERS WHO
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18:39:29,970 --> 18:39:32,239
HAVE BEEN INFECTED WITH THIS
DISEASE.
68
18:39:32,306 --> 18:39:36,844
LAST WEEK MANY HEALTH FACILITIES
WERE OVERWHELMED BY THE NUMBER
69
18:39:36,910 --> 18:39:40,714
OF PEOPLE WHO WERE BROUGHT IN
WITH SUSPECTED CASES AND THEY
70
18:39:40,781 --> 18:39:43,550
HAD TO TURN A RATE -- TURN AWAY
SOME PEOPLE BECAUSE THEY DIDN'T
71
18:39:43,617 --> 18:39:48,522
HAVE ENOUGH BEDS.
THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY CAME
72
18:39:49,623 --> 18:39:52,426
TO THE RESCUE OF AUTHORITIES IN
THE DRC, MILLIONS OF DOLLARS
73
18:39:52,492 --> 18:39:55,028
HAVE BEEN RAISED.
MEDICAL SUPPLIES HAVE BEEN
74
18:39:55,095 --> 18:39:58,599
AIRLIFTED, THE EPICENTER OF THE
OUTBREAK.
75
18:39:58,665 --> 18:40:04,037
PEOPLE HAVE SET UP A NEW
TREATMENT CENTERS AND THEY ARE
76
18:40:04,104 --> 18:40:06,540
TRYING TO SCALE UP THEIR
RESPONSE TO THIS OUTBREAK BEFORE
77
18:40:06,607 --> 18:40:10,444
IT CLAIMS MORE LIVES.
GEOFF: SETTING UP THESE NEW
78
18:40:10,511 --> 18:40:13,514
TREATMENT CENTERS IS IN AWAY
RACE AGAINST TIME.
79
18:40:13,580 --> 18:40:17,084
WHAT ARE THE BIGGEST OBSTACLES
HEALTH WORKERS FACE IN
80
18:40:17,150 --> 18:40:22,589
IDENTIFYING CASES AND TRACING
CON SACKEDS AND --CONTACTS AND
81
18:40:22,656 --> 18:40:26,226
TRANSMISSIONS?
CHRIS: ONE OF THE MAJOR PROBLEMS
82
18:40:26,293 --> 18:40:30,264
IS THIS HAS OCCURRED IN AN
ACTIVE COMBAT ZONE.
83
18:40:30,330 --> 18:40:35,669
THERE ARE REBELS IN THAT AREA.
GROUPS HAVE BEEN ATTACKING
84
18:40:39,339 --> 18:40:42,809
CIVILIANS FORCING THEM TO FLEE
TO CROWDED CAMPS WHERE PEOPLE
85
18:40:42,876 --> 18:40:46,046
ARE CRAMPED TOGETHER.
THEY CANNOT KEEP THE SOCIAL
86
18:40:46,113 --> 18:40:48,215
DISTANCE AND THAT IS A FERTILE
AREA FOR THE SPREAD OF
87
18:40:48,282 --> 18:40:53,187
INFECTIOUS DISEASES.
HEALTH WORKERS ARE CONCERNED
88
18:40:54,688 --> 18:41:00,027
ABOUT THE CONTINUOUS VIOLENCE IN
THE EAST AND THE NORTHEAST OF
89
18:41:00,093 --> 18:41:01,295
DRC WHERE THERE ARE A NUMBER OF
REBEL GROUPS.
90
18:41:01,361 --> 18:41:05,532
THIS OUTBREAK HAS BEEN RECORDED
IN THE EASTERN PART WHERE THERE
91
18:41:05,599 --> 18:41:10,671
ARE REBELS WHO ARE CONTROLLING
LARGE SECTIONS OF THAT AREA SO
92
18:41:10,737 --> 18:41:15,642
IT IS DIFFICULT TO CARRY OUT
CONTACT TRACING WHICH IS A VERY
93
18:41:15,709 --> 18:41:17,444
IMPORTANT EFFORT ABOUT
CONTAINING THIS PEOPLE OUTBREAK.
94
18:41:17,511 --> 18:41:22,082
IT IS ABOUT TRACKING PEOPLE WHO
CAME INTO CONTACT WITH THOSE WHO
95
18:41:22,149 --> 18:41:25,652
HAVE BEEN CONFIRMED TO HAVE
EBOLA AND IT MEANS MOVING FROM
96
18:41:25,719 --> 18:41:27,888
ONE PLACE TO ANOTHER.
THAT CAN ONLY BE DONE WHEN THERE
97
18:41:27,955 --> 18:41:32,893
IS PEACE IN THAT AREA.
SO THE DRC GOVERNMENT HAS BEEN
98
18:41:32,960 --> 18:41:36,530
APPEALING TO ALL THE WARRING
PARTIES, THE MILITIA GROUPS IN
99
18:41:36,597 --> 18:41:40,167
THAT AREA TO CEASE FIRE SO THAT
HEALTH WORKERS CAN BE ABLE TO
100
18:41:40,234 --> 18:41:45,839
REACH OUT TO THESE PATIENTS AND
PROVIDE TREATMENT SO THAT THIS
101
18:41:45,906 --> 18:41:49,243
DISEASE DOES NOT SPREAD FURTHER.
GEOFF: WE HAVE THE BENEFIT OF
102
18:41:49,309 --> 18:41:51,678
HAVING YOU ON THE GROUND TONIGHT
DOING THIS REPORTING.
103
18:41:51,745 --> 18:41:57,784
BEYOND THE MEDICAL TOLL, HOW IS
THIS OUTBREAK ADDRESSING THOSE
104
18:41:57,851 --> 18:42:01,288
AT THE CENTER OF IT?
CHRIS: IT HAS REALLY DISRUPTED
105
18:42:01,355 --> 18:42:03,957
THE DAILY LIVES OF THE PEOPLE.
THIS AREA IS A REGION THAT
106
18:42:04,024 --> 18:42:08,395
BORDERS TO COUNTRIES, SOUTH
SUDAN AND UGANDA.
107
18:42:08,462 --> 18:42:12,299
THOSE PEOPLE IN THAT AREA DON'T
HAVE VERY MANY FORMAL JOBS SO
108
18:42:12,366 --> 18:42:16,203
THEY ENGAGE IN TRADE SO THERE
WAS A LOT OF CROSS-BORDER TRADE
109
18:42:16,270 --> 18:42:19,206
BETWEEN THE PEOPLE OF THESE
THREE COUNTRIES, THE DEMOCRATIC
110
18:42:19,273 --> 18:42:23,277
REPUBLIC OF CONGO, PEOPLE KEEP
TRAVELING TO UGANDA AND SOUTH
111
18:42:23,343 --> 18:42:26,547
SUDAN AND NOW THAT THIS OUTBREAK
HAS REALLY SPREAD, UGANDA HAS
112
18:42:26,613 --> 18:42:32,286
SHUT ITS BORDER WITH THE DRC AND
THEY HAVE ALSO, SOUTH SUDAN IS
113
18:42:33,086 --> 18:42:35,222
ALSO CLOSELY MONITORING THE
DEVELOPMENTS HERE, SO MANY
114
18:42:35,289 --> 18:42:38,492
PEOPLE HAVE REALLY BEEN HIT HARD
BY THIS DEVELOPMENT.
115
18:42:38,559 --> 18:42:42,029
THEY CANNOT MAKE ANY MONEY IN
THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION
116
18:42:42,095 --> 18:42:45,699
HAS ALWAYS BEEN APPEALING TO
COUNTRIES NOT TO CLOSE THEIR
117
18:42:45,766 --> 18:42:47,100
BORDERS.
THEY ARE SAYING THAT IS AN ISSUE
118
18:42:47,167 --> 18:42:50,571
THAT WILL REALLY DISRUPT THE
LIVELIHOODS OF VERY MANY PEOPLE
119
18:42:50,637 --> 18:42:52,739
THAT WHAT THEY SHOULD DO A STEP
UP SCREENING AT THE BORDER
120
18:42:52,806 --> 18:42:58,545
CROSSINGS AND ALSO SURVEILLANCE
SO THAT THEY CAN KEEP THESE
121
18:42:58,612 --> 18:43:01,815
SUSPECTED CASES.
BUT EVERY COUNTRY HAS ITS OWN
122
18:43:01,882 --> 18:43:03,984
DECISION.
IT'S A SOVEREIGN DECISION ABOUT
123
18:43:04,051 --> 18:43:07,788
HOW THEY WANT TO DEAL WITH THIS
OUTBREAK, SO MANY PEOPLE IN THE
124
18:43:07,855 --> 18:43:10,157
DRC HAVE REALLY BEEN AFFECTED BY
THIS EBOLA OUTBREAK.
125
18:43:10,224 --> 18:43:15,796
GEOFF: OUR SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT
IN THE DRC REPORTING FROM
126
18:43:16,864 --> 18:43:17,497
KINSHASA TONIGHT.
THANK YOU.
127
18:43:17,564 --> 18:43:20,234
?
AND WE'LL BE BACK SHORTLY TO
128
18:43:33,046 --> 18:43:34,715
HEAR FROM SOME OF THIS YEAR'S
HIGH PROFILE COMMENCEMENT
129
18:43:34,781 --> 18:43:37,818
SPEAKERS.
AMNA: BUT FIRST, TAKE A MOMENT
130
18:43:37,885 --> 18:43:39,686
TO HEAR FROM YOUR LOCAL PBS
STATION.
131
18:43:39,753 --> 18:43:42,322
>> Hi, I'm James Steinbach.
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18:43:45,492 --> 18:43:48,161
Wisconsin. We're justat PBS
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18:43:48,595 --> 18:43:50,931
the news hour. And, youom
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18:43:51,832 --> 18:43:54,401
one thing to say. The news
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18:43:54,468 --> 18:43:56,937
it is, in my opinion, and I,
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18:43:57,905 --> 18:44:00,240
source for informationt
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18:44:01,008 --> 18:44:03,277
the world. And there's a
138
18:44:03,343 --> 18:44:05,479
And for a lot of a lot of.
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18:44:07,014 --> 18:44:09,583
to understand. It's hard to
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18:44:10,117 --> 18:44:12,619
of the things that areome
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18:44:12,686 --> 18:44:14,922
complex. And what I love
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18:44:15,923 --> 18:44:18,258
I can sit down with it andt
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18:44:19,393 --> 18:44:21,628
shouting and nobody'ss
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18:44:22,362 --> 18:44:24,431
trying to convince me of
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18:44:24,498 --> 18:44:27,067
information that I canng me
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18:44:27,835 --> 18:44:30,304
Talk about with my friends
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18:44:31,004 --> 18:44:33,574
me something to count onves
148
18:44:34,274 --> 18:44:36,743
feel the same way. And this
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18:44:37,277 --> 18:44:39,847
news hour. So all week long,
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18:44:40,347 --> 18:44:42,749
pledge, is going to be new
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18:44:42,816 --> 18:44:44,952
your pledge for themake
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18:44:45,018 --> 18:44:47,588
now, 1-800-236-3636.ight
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18:44:50,824 --> 18:44:53,160
here at the PBS Wisconsin
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18:44:53,760 --> 18:44:56,230
call with your pledge of to
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18:44:57,397 --> 18:44:59,967
You know, it's you who make.
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18:45:00,767 --> 18:45:03,237
see the NewsHour. So wet to
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18:45:03,303 --> 18:45:05,606
thank you gifts when you
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18:45:05,672 --> 18:45:08,141
a sustainer at $12 a month,
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18:45:09,176 --> 18:45:11,645
love to call it left handed
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18:45:12,412 --> 18:45:14,748
And it's PBS news and the.
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18:45:18,085 --> 18:45:20,220
$15 a month, we havel it
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18:45:21,455 --> 18:45:24,024
Don't be caught in the rain.
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18:45:26,059 --> 18:45:28,395
It's actually a Bill ofa.
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18:45:30,097 --> 18:45:32,332
the Bill of rights and of
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18:45:33,967 --> 18:45:36,370
amendments. And this is a
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18:45:36,436 --> 18:45:38,572
Archives on it. You can
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18:45:39,106 --> 18:45:41,575
rain won't bother me. I've
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18:45:42,276 --> 18:45:44,845
protecting me. Love that at
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18:45:46,980 --> 18:45:49,316
the NewsHour mug and theh
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18:45:50,651 --> 18:45:53,420
your opportunity. Give us a
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18:45:53,487 --> 18:45:56,056
start the whole membership
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18:45:58,358 --> 18:46:00,594
>> Thank you. Linda. I'm
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18:46:01,728 --> 18:46:04,298
friends of PBS Wisconsin.f
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18:46:04,665 --> 18:46:07,134
say thank you when you call
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18:46:08,135 --> 18:46:10,370
week for PBS NewsHour. I
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18:46:11,104 --> 18:46:13,440
we can say thank you isays
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18:46:14,041 --> 18:46:16,710
of the members, new members,
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18:46:18,278 --> 18:46:20,447
their giving during the
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18:46:20,514 --> 18:46:23,083
federal funding cut. Thank
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18:46:24,084 --> 18:46:26,753
NewsHour. You spoke out for
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18:46:26,820 --> 18:46:28,822
Wisconsin in ourf PBS
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18:46:30,924 --> 18:46:33,093
funding cut wasn't justal
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18:46:33,160 --> 18:46:35,495
year and next year and the
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18:46:36,797 --> 18:46:39,266
the time to call and renews
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18:46:39,967 --> 18:46:42,636
support. Consider making ar
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18:46:43,537 --> 18:46:46,106
else. It's a great timeeone
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18:46:46,840 --> 18:46:49,409
for this entire week during
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18:46:49,476 --> 18:46:51,945
started by callingcan get
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18:46:54,915 --> 18:46:56,917
>> I love the fact that
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handed. You know, I didn't
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18:47:00,921 --> 18:47:02,823
Linda pointed out to me. So
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18:47:02,890 --> 18:47:05,492
balanced, right? Just just
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18:47:05,559 --> 18:47:07,895
you go. So yeah, I thought
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18:47:07,961 --> 18:47:10,430
because I looked at the mug
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18:47:10,898 --> 18:47:13,433
sense because the NewsHour
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18:47:13,500 --> 18:47:15,969
in TV, any place, any place
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18:47:17,171 --> 18:47:19,640
source that more peoplee
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18:47:19,706 --> 18:47:22,042
anything else. And thean
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18:47:22,643 --> 18:47:25,212
obvious. It's because it's
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18:47:25,546 --> 18:47:28,015
reliable news that you can
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18:47:29,316 --> 18:47:31,985
I may not get everythingell,
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18:47:33,720 --> 18:47:35,856
but I know that if I go to
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18:47:36,623 --> 18:47:38,825
to have a betterll be able
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18:47:38,892 --> 18:47:40,894
happening in the world. And
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18:47:40,961 --> 18:47:43,430
I think that's one of theut
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18:47:43,797 --> 18:47:46,033
we can do here at PBS that
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18:47:46,733 --> 18:47:48,802
program. So call us during
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18:47:48,869 --> 18:47:51,271
this challenge break oneg
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18:47:51,338 --> 18:47:53,140
>> And we can't help
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challenge week. It's as a
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18:47:59,046 --> 18:48:01,481
members who've alreadyave
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18:48:01,548 --> 18:48:04,184
when new members call inid
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18:48:04,251 --> 18:48:06,320
we're going to double it.
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18:48:06,386 --> 18:48:09,189
Remember, you can alwaystch.
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18:48:09,256 --> 18:48:11,658
and get these wonderfulo
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18:48:11,725 --> 18:48:13,961
$12 a month the PBS news a
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18:48:15,996 --> 18:48:18,465
handed right handed mugft
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18:48:20,601 --> 18:48:22,836
morning coffee or yourr
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18:48:23,136 --> 18:48:25,472
evening tea or hotor your
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18:48:26,507 --> 18:48:28,842
$15 a month, we have theAt
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18:48:30,177 --> 18:48:32,746
it does actually move downd
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18:48:33,313 --> 18:48:35,782
have to carry the wholen't
223
18:48:36,216 --> 18:48:38,452
head all the time. You do
224
18:48:39,019 --> 18:48:41,355
at $25 a month, you have to
225
18:48:42,022 --> 18:48:44,358
well as the umbrella. But
226
18:48:45,692 --> 18:48:48,495
sponsor. You're our sponsor.
227
18:48:49,897 --> 18:48:52,366
and inform you. And that's
228
18:48:53,734 --> 18:48:55,903
NewsHour. So if you want,
229
18:48:55,969 --> 18:48:58,639
pbswisconsin.org or give us
230
18:48:59,940 --> 18:49:02,509
>> It's great to hear the36.
231
18:49:06,547 --> 18:49:09,149
Please keep those callsyou.
232
18:49:09,216 --> 18:49:11,785
to support news andr chance
233
18:49:13,587 --> 18:49:16,256
If you rely upon thesconsin.
234
18:49:17,157 --> 18:49:19,626
you. It's your chance toon
235
18:49:20,928 --> 18:49:23,163
matters to me, and I want
236
18:49:23,897 --> 18:49:26,366
that it keeps coming, that
237
18:49:27,000 --> 18:49:29,102
accountable to you. We're
238
18:49:29,169 --> 18:49:31,438
else. We're accountable to
239
18:49:31,505 --> 18:49:34,074
responsibility to have. It
240
18:49:34,875 --> 18:49:37,444
the balance of the newsity,
241
18:49:37,911 --> 18:49:40,247
way we can rely upon you is
242
18:49:41,915 --> 18:49:44,184
So that just means you're.
243
18:49:44,251 --> 18:49:46,587
payment. It lasts as long
244
18:49:47,654 --> 18:49:50,123
set the amount real easy to
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18:49:50,591 --> 18:49:53,060
our call receivers here in
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18:49:54,461 --> 18:49:57,097
call. We just need a little
247
18:49:57,164 --> 18:49:59,633
takes a few minutes to sety
248
18:50:00,067 --> 18:50:02,536
us. We can rely upon youror
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18:50:03,003 --> 18:50:05,472
allows us to plan ahead for
250
18:50:06,273 --> 18:50:08,342
your part month after month.
251
18:50:08,408 --> 18:50:10,711
Your membership staysyou.
252
18:50:10,777 --> 18:50:12,980
benefits of membership is
253
18:50:13,046 --> 18:50:14,781
get "Airwaves" magazine inl
254
18:50:14,848 --> 18:50:17,184
look at the program guide
255
18:50:18,018 --> 18:50:20,254
things you might want to
256
18:50:20,587 --> 18:50:23,156
linear television, findng
257
18:50:23,924 --> 18:50:26,193
more about what's happening
258
18:50:26,260 --> 18:50:28,729
challenge call. Now thata
259
18:50:30,764 --> 18:50:38,338
number is 1-800-236-3636.GEOFF: OVER THE PAST MONTH,
COLLEGE SENIORS HAVE BEEN
260
18:50:49,950 --> 18:50:52,519
DONNING THEIR CAPS AND GOWNS TO
MARK THE END OF ONE CHAPTER IN
261
18:50:52,586 --> 18:50:54,688
THE BEGINNING OF ANOTHER.
THEY'RE FACING A DAUNTING
262
18:50:54,755 --> 18:50:57,724
FUTURE, ENTERING A RAPIDLY
TRANSFORMING JOB MARKET THANKS
263
18:50:57,791 --> 18:50:58,592
TO ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE,
GLOBAL UNREST AND A HOST OF
264
18:50:58,659 --> 18:51:02,729
OTHER FACTORS.
AMNA: IT WAS AGAINST THIS
265
18:51:02,796 --> 18:51:04,665
BACKDROP, THAT GRADUATION
SPEAKERS TOOK TO THE STAGE TO
266
18:51:04,731 --> 18:51:07,334
PROVIDE THEIR BEST ADVICE WITH
HONESTY, PASSION AND HUMILITY.
267
18:51:07,401 --> 18:51:09,703
HERE NOW ARE SOME NOTABLE
SPEECHES THAT YOU MIGHT HAVE
268
18:51:09,770 --> 18:51:13,240
MISSED.
>> I WAS THINKING ABOUT WHAT I
269
18:51:15,943 --> 18:51:20,180
WOULD SAY TO YOU TODAY.
WHAT ADVICE I WOULD GIVE YOU IN
270
18:51:20,247 --> 18:51:24,017
TERMS OF LIFE ADVICE, CAREER
ADVICE, WHAT I WOULD SAY TO
271
18:51:24,084 --> 18:51:29,556
MYSELF IF I WERE YOUR AGE OR IF
IT WERE MY SON GRADUATING AND I
272
18:51:31,558 --> 18:51:33,126
WOULD PROBABLY TELL YOU IT IS
SCARY OUT THERE.
273
18:51:33,193 --> 18:51:37,197
[LAUGHTER]
>> OVERCOMING FEAR AND DOUBT IN
274
18:51:38,498 --> 18:51:42,870
THE FACE OF THOSE CHALLENGES IS
WHERE YOU ARE GOING TO GAIN THE
275
18:51:42,936 --> 18:51:45,973
CONFIDENCE TO MAKE YOUR BEST
CHOICES WHEN THINGS ARE NOT
276
18:51:46,039 --> 18:51:49,510
GOING THE WAY YOU WANT.
YOU MAY ONLY GET ONE CHANCE TO
277
18:51:49,576 --> 18:51:50,544
IMPRESS YOUR BOSS ORLANDO
PROMOTION.
278
18:51:50,611 --> 18:51:54,081
OR TO CLOSE A DEAL OR NOT.
SO WHAT THEN?
279
18:51:56,683 --> 18:52:01,154
YOU BETTER HAVE PREPARED
YOURSELF IN ADVANCE TO DEAL WITH
280
18:52:01,221 --> 18:52:05,359
THE ADVERSITY YOU ARE GOING TO
FACE IN ORDER TO GIVE YOURSELF
281
18:52:05,425 --> 18:52:10,531
THE BEST CHANCE TO SUCCEED.
>> YOUR TRIP IS NOT SOMEBODY
282
18:52:10,597 --> 18:52:13,400
ELSE'S TRIP.
DON'T WORRY IF THEY GET PROMOTED
283
18:52:13,467 --> 18:52:17,070
BEFORE YOU OR IF THEY GET A
HOUSE FIRST, YOU RUN YOUR RACE,
284
18:52:17,137 --> 18:52:20,140
OK?
ALL OF MY BLESSINGS HAPPENED
285
18:52:21,608 --> 18:52:23,744
AFTER 50.
I KNOW IT SOUNDS WEIRD.
286
18:52:23,810 --> 18:52:27,381
ALL OF THEM.
I GOT THE JOB OF MY DREAMS AT
287
18:52:27,981 --> 18:52:30,217
THE TODAY SHOW, I GOT THE FAMILY
I'VE DREAMT OF, I HAVE TWO KIDS
288
18:52:30,284 --> 18:52:33,587
NOW, YOUR BLESSINGS COME WHEN
THEY, AND THEY COME RIGHT ON
289
18:52:33,654 --> 18:52:36,657
TIME.
>> YOUR GENERATION FACES A
290
18:52:38,592 --> 18:52:41,962
TEMPTATION NO GENERATION BEFORE
HAS EVER FACED, THAT'S HIM
291
18:52:42,029 --> 18:52:44,498
TATIAN TO PERFORM FOR EVERYONE
AND BELONG TO NO ONE.
292
18:52:44,565 --> 18:52:49,469
TO BE GLOBALLY VISIBLE AND
LOCALLY INVISIBLE TO HAVE
293
18:52:53,407 --> 18:52:56,276
THOUSANDS OF FOLLOWERS AND HAVE
NO ONE KNOW WHERE YOU ACTUALLY
294
18:52:56,343 --> 18:52:59,146
LIVE.
RESIST THIS, PLANT YOURSELF
295
18:52:59,213 --> 18:53:03,350
SOMEWHERE.
PUT DOWN ROOTS SOMEWHERE TO GROW
296
18:53:04,484 --> 18:53:06,186
THERE.
>> REDIRECTING YOUR ENERGY
297
18:53:06,253 --> 18:53:08,522
SOMEWHERE MEANS PRINTING --
SPRINTING IN ANOTHER, THE KEY
298
18:53:08,589 --> 18:53:11,625
WAS CHOOSING WHERE MY ENERGY
WENT INSTEAD OF LETTING OTHERS
299
18:53:11,692 --> 18:53:15,162
CHOOSE FOR ME.
A WONDERFUL PART OF GIVING
300
18:53:15,229 --> 18:53:17,464
YOURSELF THAT SPACES YOU CAN
LOOK BACK AND SEE THE DISTANCE
301
18:53:17,531 --> 18:53:21,535
YOU HAVE TRAVELED.
>> SUCCESS IS BUILDING A
302
18:53:22,302 --> 18:53:25,472
COMMUNITY AND KEEPING THAT
COMMUNITY CLOSE, CHERISH YOUR
303
18:53:25,539 --> 18:53:27,941
COMMUNITY.
IT WILL BECOME THE FABRIC OF
304
18:53:28,008 --> 18:53:31,345
YOUR LIFE.
NURTURE YOUR FRIENDS AND
305
18:53:32,346 --> 18:53:37,384
ACQUAINTANCES, STAY IN TOUCH.
REACH OUT, CHECK IN, BE THE
306
18:53:37,451 --> 18:53:39,720
PERSON THAT IS THERE FOR OTHERS.
SHOW UP.
307
18:53:39,786 --> 18:53:45,125
>> I HONESTLY BELIEVE THAT
COMMUNITY, SPONTANEITY, AND A
308
18:53:46,393 --> 18:53:49,363
REAL COMMITMENT TO HUMILITY HAS
HELPED ME BUILD A RICH LIFE THAT
309
18:53:49,429 --> 18:53:51,865
MEANS MUCH MORE TO ME THAN ANY
DIPLOMA.
310
18:53:51,932 --> 18:53:56,837
AND BELIEVE ME, I'M NOT SAYING
THE GOAL IS TO RENOUNCE
311
18:53:57,504 --> 18:54:01,141
ACCOMPLISHMENTS.
BUT RATHER TO METABOLIZE THEM.
312
18:54:01,208 --> 18:54:06,346
IF YOU CARRY YOUR VICTORIES
LIGHTLY, OTHER QUALITIES,
313
18:54:08,348 --> 18:54:11,885
KINDNESS, ORIGINALITY, COURAGE,
HUMOR, AND HUMANITY HAVE ROOM TO
314
18:54:11,952 --> 18:54:14,955
EMERGE.
GEOFF: ALL GOOD ADVICE.
315
18:54:15,622 --> 18:54:16,523
THAT IS THE NEWS HOUR FOR
TONIGHT.
316
18:54:16,590 --> 18:54:18,959
I'M GEOFF BENNETT.
AMNA: AND I'M AMNA NAWAZ.
317
18:54:19,026 --> 18:54:20,861
ON BEHALF OF THE ENTIRE "NEWS
HOUR" TEAM, THANK YOU FOR
318
18:54:20,928 --> 18:54:22,596
JOINING US.
?
319
18:54:25,432 --> 18:54:26,066
>> MAJOR FUNDING FOR THE "PBS
NEWS HOUR" HAS BEEN PROVIDED BY
320
18:54:26,133 --> 18:54:27,801
--
?
321
18:54:32,773 --> 18:54:34,942
FRIENDS OF THE "NEWS HOUR."
INCLUDING JIM AND NANCY BILDNER
322
18:54:35,008 --> 18:54:38,278
AND THE ROBERT AND VIRGINIA
SHILLER FOUNDATION.
323
18:54:38,345 --> 18:54:41,582
?
>> THE WALTON FAMILY FOUNDATION.
324
18:54:44,685 --> 18:54:46,053
WORKING FOR SOLUTIONS TO PROTECT
WATER DURING CLIMATE CHANGE, SO
325
18:54:46,119 --> 18:54:47,554
PEOPLE AND NATURE CAN THRIVE
TOGETHER.
326
18:54:47,621 --> 18:54:48,989
?
>> SUPPORTED BY THE THE JOHN D.
327
18:54:49,056 --> 18:54:51,425
AND CATHERINE T. MACARTHUR
FOUNDATION.
328
18:54:51,491 --> 18:54:53,160
COMMITTED TO BUILDING A MORE
JUST, VERDANT, AND PEACEFUL
329
18:54:53,227 --> 18:54:55,329
WORLD.
MORE INFORMATION AT
330
18:54:55,395 --> 18:54:57,064
MACFOUND.ORG.
?
331
18:55:05,005 --> 18:55:06,607
>> AND WITH THE ONGOING SUPPORT
OF THESE INDIVIDUALS AND
332
18:55:06,673 --> 18:55:08,342
INSTITUTIONS.
?
333
18:55:20,954 --> 18:55:22,623
?
?
334
18:55:31,632 --> 18:55:32,966
>> THIS PROGRAM WAS MADE
POSSIBLE BY THE CONTRIBUTIONS TO
335
18:55:33,033 --> 18:55:35,202
YOUR PBS STATION FROM VIEWERS
LIKE YOU.
336
18:55:35,269 --> 18:55:38,939
THANK YOU.
>> THE GLOBAL ORDER AS WE KNOW
337
18:55:45,312 --> 18:55:49,583
IT IS CHANGING RAPIDLY.
>> THIS IS HAVING A BIG IMPACT
338
18:55:49,650 --> 18:55:52,085
ON THE ENTIRE REGION AND IRAN
INTENDS TO SHARE THE PAIN WITH
339
18:55:52,152 --> 18:55:55,155
THEIR NEIGHBORS.
>> WHY DO YOU THINK PUTIN IS
340
18:55:55,222 --> 18:55:58,592
LOOKING FOR A WAY OUT?
>> WHEN YOU LOOK AT THE SHEER
341
18:55:58,659 --> 18:56:00,627
NUMBERS ALONE, BETWEEN 1.2
MILLION AND 1.4 MILLION
342
18:56:00,694 --> 18:56:03,263
CASUALTIES.
HE IS NOT WINNING.
343
18:56:03,330 --> 18:56:08,702
>> HERE ON COMPASS POINTS WE
WILL HELP UNDERSTAND A CRITICAL
344
18:56:08,769 --> 18:56:11,071
ISSUE AND HOW IT AFFECTS YOU.
>> COMPASS POINTS, WEEKENDS ON
345
18:56:11,138 --> 18:56:13,040
PBS AND STREAMING.
?
346
18:56:15,108 --> 18:56:17,444
?
>> YOU ARE WATCHING PBS.
347
18:56:45,606 --> 18:56:49,176
- Announcer:
PBS Wisconsin Education
348
18:58:21,101 --> 18:58:22,202
- Announcer:
PBS Wisconsin Education
349
18:58:22,269 --> 18:58:23,537
leverages the power
of public media
350
18:58:23,604 --> 18:58:26,006
to spark curiosity
and ignite learning
351
18:58:26,073 --> 18:58:28,375
in Pre-K settings
through 12th grade.
352
18:58:28,442 --> 18:58:30,777
PBS KIDS content and activities
353
18:58:30,844 --> 18:58:33,514
enhance school readiness
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354
18:58:33,580 --> 18:58:36,783
to reach their full potential
in school and in life.
355
18:58:36,850 --> 18:58:38,719
Our award-winning
educational media
356
18:58:38,785 --> 18:58:40,587
for elementary
through high school
357
18:58:40,654 --> 18:58:43,757
is aligned to state standards,
and our locally-produced content
358
18:58:43,824 --> 18:58:47,327
is designed for
and with Wisconsin educators.
359
18:58:47,394 --> 18:58:50,063
Pbswisconsineducation.org.
360
19:00:01,535 --> 19:00:03,203
?
361
19:00:06,807 --> 19:00:10,511
GIAMATTI: If your neighbor is
a woodpecker, you'll know it.
362
19:00:10,577 --> 19:00:12,045
[ Tapping ]
363
19:00:12,112 --> 19:00:13,780
?
364
19:00:15,782 --> 19:00:18,519
Woodpeckers like to make noise.
365
19:00:18,585 --> 19:00:23,590
It's how they claim a territory
and show off for mates.
366
19:00:24,625 --> 19:00:28,061
But with heads like hammers
and bills like chisels,
367
19:00:28,128 --> 19:00:31,131
they do much
more than sound off.
368
19:00:32,099 --> 19:00:34,568
Drumming is their song...
369
19:00:35,169 --> 19:00:38,305
drilling is how
they find food...
370
19:00:38,872 --> 19:00:40,774
and highly skilled carpentry
371
19:00:40,841 --> 19:00:44,344
is how they craft
their remarkable homes.
372
19:00:44,411 --> 19:00:46,079
?
373
19:00:47,681 --> 19:00:51,084
These holes in trees,
in many shapes and sizes,
374
19:00:51,151 --> 19:00:55,422
make woodpeckers important
to everyone in the forest.
375
19:00:55,489 --> 19:00:57,157
[ Birds chirping ]
376
19:00:58,158 --> 19:01:04,431
They are architects, engineers,
and consummate woodworkers,
377
19:01:04,498 --> 19:01:07,534
and this is their "hole" story.
378
19:01:10,470 --> 19:01:12,139
?
379
19:01:19,947 --> 19:01:21,615
?
380
19:01:31,058 --> 19:01:34,728
"Nature" is made possible
in part by...
381
19:02:06,159 --> 19:02:08,395
...committed to bridging
cultural differences
382
19:02:08,462 --> 19:02:10,364
in our communities.
383
19:02:17,304 --> 19:02:20,774
"Nature"
is also made possible by...
384
19:02:23,744 --> 19:02:26,547
...and by contributions
to your PBS station
385
19:02:26,613 --> 19:02:28,749
from viewers like you.
386
19:02:33,053 --> 19:02:34,721
[ Birds chirping ]
387
19:02:45,432 --> 19:02:48,869
GIAMATTI: Among all the morning
voices in a forest,
388
19:02:48,936 --> 19:02:51,972
there is one
unmistakable sound.
389
19:02:52,039 --> 19:02:53,707
[ Tapping ]
390
19:02:56,376 --> 19:02:58,979
It's not made by a voice at all.
391
19:02:59,046 --> 19:03:01,048
[ Tapping continues ]
392
19:03:01,748 --> 19:03:05,786
It's a moment of percussion
on a wooden instrument.
393
19:03:05,853 --> 19:03:07,521
?
394
19:03:11,692 --> 19:03:14,962
It's the signature
sound of a woodpecker.
395
19:03:15,028 --> 19:03:16,697
?
396
19:03:21,502 --> 19:03:23,170
?
397
19:03:27,975 --> 19:03:30,177
Woodpeckers don't sing.
398
19:03:30,244 --> 19:03:31,912
They drum.
399
19:03:32,913 --> 19:03:35,849
And they drum in
every kind of forest,
400
19:03:35,916 --> 19:03:38,151
almost everywhere in the world.
401
19:03:38,218 --> 19:03:39,887
?
402
19:03:43,824 --> 19:03:45,492
?
403
19:03:49,396 --> 19:03:51,565
They're at home in trees
throughout North
404
19:03:51,632 --> 19:03:53,433
and South America,
405
19:03:54,168 --> 19:03:57,304
across Europe, Asia,
and Africa.
406
19:03:58,138 --> 19:04:01,742
the current count is 239
species in all.
407
19:04:01,808 --> 19:04:03,477
?
408
19:04:14,621 --> 19:04:18,525
The Pileated woodpecker is
a master of this world of wood
409
19:04:18,592 --> 19:04:21,662
and striking in every respect.
410
19:04:25,732 --> 19:04:30,737
He's one of the largest forest
birds in North America.
411
19:04:32,773 --> 19:04:37,044
His name comes from the bright
red crest across his pileum --
412
19:04:37,110 --> 19:04:40,447
the top of his head
from beak to nape.
413
19:04:43,417 --> 19:04:45,919
He drums to announce himself.
414
19:04:49,857 --> 19:04:54,761
Banging your head into a tree
has always seemed reckless,
415
19:04:54,828 --> 19:04:58,632
but woodpeckers suffer
no brain damage.
416
19:05:02,436 --> 19:05:05,172
His head and bill can act
like a hammer
417
19:05:05,239 --> 19:05:07,541
because his brain
is small enough to sustain
418
19:05:07,608 --> 19:05:10,844
repeated shocks without injury.
419
19:05:13,514 --> 19:05:18,185
But he does take safety
precautions with his eyes.
420
19:05:19,386 --> 19:05:23,824
An extra eyelid closes
at the moment of every impact.
421
19:05:27,628 --> 19:05:29,429
[ Distant tapping ]
422
19:05:37,171 --> 19:05:40,507
The Pileated slams hard into
the decaying wood
423
19:05:40,574 --> 19:05:42,242
of a dead tree.
424
19:05:44,511 --> 19:05:46,647
He pounds with intent,
425
19:05:48,048 --> 19:05:50,184
then pauses to listen.
426
19:05:51,718 --> 19:05:53,387
He's hunting!
427
19:05:53,887 --> 19:05:55,556
?
428
19:05:59,526 --> 19:06:03,864
His favorite quarry is deep
in the rotten wood.
429
19:06:06,300 --> 19:06:08,101
He drills again...
430
19:06:08,402 --> 19:06:10,204
and listens again.
431
19:06:12,272 --> 19:06:13,941
?
432
19:06:17,311 --> 19:06:21,114
Inside the tree,
carpenter ants are frantic.
433
19:06:24,484 --> 19:06:27,187
It's a large colony
that has made a home
434
19:06:27,254 --> 19:06:31,058
in what must have felt
like a very safe place.
435
19:06:31,124 --> 19:06:32,793
?
436
19:06:36,930 --> 19:06:41,635
They moved in when the tree
was already dead or dying,
437
19:06:41,702 --> 19:06:45,038
its inner layers soft
and decaying.
438
19:06:47,174 --> 19:06:49,710
They've chewed
extensive galleries
439
19:06:49,776 --> 19:06:55,916
with passages and chambers where
they are nurturing their young.
440
19:06:56,483 --> 19:06:58,952
Now, a monster is looming.
441
19:07:00,187 --> 19:07:03,991
A 19-inch killer dinosaur
is at the door!
442
19:07:10,097 --> 19:07:13,767
He can hear the ants
scurrying in panic.
443
19:07:14,902 --> 19:07:16,570
?
444
19:07:23,977 --> 19:07:26,547
The Pileated redoubles
his efforts,
445
19:07:26,613 --> 19:07:30,117
using his massive beak
to rip into the wood.
446
19:07:30,184 --> 19:07:31,852
?
447
19:07:38,692 --> 19:07:42,095
He carves out an enormous
oblong opening.
448
19:07:42,162 --> 19:07:43,830
?
449
19:07:47,935 --> 19:07:52,039
Inside, the ants are deploying
their best defense.
450
19:07:52,105 --> 19:07:57,177
They've laid down formic acid to
deter their predator's attack.
451
19:07:57,244 --> 19:08:00,314
But the woodpecker
seems immune...
452
19:08:00,380 --> 19:08:02,382
licking the wood
as he gets closer
453
19:08:02,449 --> 19:08:05,018
and closer to the colony...
454
19:08:05,085 --> 19:08:09,523
tasting their chemical deterrent
with no ill effect.
455
19:08:09,590 --> 19:08:11,258
?
456
19:08:15,696 --> 19:08:17,364
?
457
19:08:21,802 --> 19:08:26,373
Inevitably, the determined
Pileated prevails.
458
19:08:29,943 --> 19:08:31,979
The ant nest is breached,
459
19:08:32,045 --> 19:08:35,382
and the woodpecker
begins to feast.
460
19:08:39,653 --> 19:08:43,090
Trees can't hide
their secrets from him.
461
19:08:43,156 --> 19:08:48,161
It's as if he can see
what's happening inside them.
462
19:08:48,228 --> 19:08:50,464
Perhaps that's no wonder.
463
19:08:50,531 --> 19:08:54,401
Trees have been his world
for a very long time.
464
19:08:54,468 --> 19:08:56,136
?
465
19:09:02,676 --> 19:09:05,679
We know that woodpeckers
come from an ancient lineage
466
19:09:05,746 --> 19:09:10,717
that separated from other birds
some 24 million years ago.
467
19:09:12,819 --> 19:09:16,390
And they are different
in so many ways.
468
19:09:19,526 --> 19:09:21,195
[ Tapping ]
469
19:09:21,662 --> 19:09:24,798
Woodpeckers are all about trees.
470
19:09:25,566 --> 19:09:26,900
Even in the air.
471
19:09:26,967 --> 19:09:28,635
[ Squawking ]
472
19:09:33,140 --> 19:09:36,944
Their flight has
an undulating pattern.
473
19:09:37,444 --> 19:09:42,082
A few wingbeats are followed
by a tucked in glide --
474
19:09:42,149 --> 19:09:46,353
a way of navigating
through the branches.
475
19:09:46,420 --> 19:09:48,088
?
476
19:09:52,426 --> 19:09:56,096
They are not long-distance
travelers.
477
19:09:58,065 --> 19:10:01,869
They typically fly from tree
to tree...
478
19:10:01,935 --> 19:10:05,205
and come in
for vertical landings.
479
19:10:05,272 --> 19:10:06,940
?
480
19:10:14,214 --> 19:10:17,184
With large, impressively
clawed feet,
481
19:10:17,251 --> 19:10:19,987
they move across a tree trunk
like rock climbers
482
19:10:20,053 --> 19:10:21,822
on walls of bark.
483
19:10:21,889 --> 19:10:23,557
?
484
19:10:29,363 --> 19:10:32,799
They can even go exploring
upside down.
485
19:10:32,866 --> 19:10:34,535
?
486
19:10:39,573 --> 19:10:42,009
Their short legs are strong
and work together
487
19:10:42,075 --> 19:10:44,511
with stiff specialized
tail feathers
488
19:10:44,578 --> 19:10:48,515
to support their weight
against the tree.
489
19:10:48,582 --> 19:10:49,917
This tripod provides
490
19:10:49,983 --> 19:10:52,953
the leverage
they need to work the wood.
491
19:10:53,020 --> 19:10:54,688
?
492
19:11:00,761 --> 19:11:03,030
What began as a way
to find food...
493
19:11:03,096 --> 19:11:04,231
[ Tapping ]
494
19:11:04,298 --> 19:11:08,101
...developed into a way
to communicate.
495
19:11:08,802 --> 19:11:12,940
And so they "talk" to each other
by drumming.
496
19:11:15,943 --> 19:11:19,413
Each species taps out
its own rhythm,
497
19:11:20,113 --> 19:11:22,683
to stake out a territory...
498
19:11:24,351 --> 19:11:26,153
and call for a mate.
499
19:11:26,720 --> 19:11:28,388
?
500
19:11:31,225 --> 19:11:32,893
[ Tapping ]
501
19:11:34,027 --> 19:11:35,696
?
502
19:11:41,902 --> 19:11:46,440
When nesting season arrives,
they carve deep into trees,
503
19:11:46,507 --> 19:11:49,843
hollowing out
a family stronghold.
504
19:11:53,213 --> 19:11:58,418
These holes are the woodpeckers'
universal trademark.
505
19:11:58,485 --> 19:12:02,523
No matter where they live,
every woodpecker of every kind
506
19:12:02,589 --> 19:12:04,925
makes a hole for a home.
507
19:12:04,992 --> 19:12:06,660
[ Chirping ]
508
19:12:08,529 --> 19:12:11,665
It's a feature that unites
the family,
509
19:12:11,732 --> 19:12:14,968
and it's what makes them
such significant citizens
510
19:12:15,035 --> 19:12:16,803
of the forest.
511
19:12:16,870 --> 19:12:18,539
[ Chirping ]
512
19:12:32,753 --> 19:12:37,991
In the dark forests of Poland,
in Stolowe National Park,
513
19:12:38,992 --> 19:12:42,863
wild and eerie calls
inhabit the woods.
514
19:12:42,930 --> 19:12:44,598
[ Bird calls ]
515
19:12:47,801 --> 19:12:49,469
[ Tapping ]
516
19:12:51,471 --> 19:12:56,143
They belong to a pair of rarely
filmed Black woodpeckers
517
19:12:56,210 --> 19:12:58,712
calling to each other
through the trees.
518
19:12:58,779 --> 19:13:00,447
[ Calling ]
519
19:13:01,515 --> 19:13:03,917
They are large, imposing birds,
520
19:13:03,984 --> 19:13:07,354
jet black with a splash
of red on their crowns.
521
19:13:07,421 --> 19:13:09,089
?
522
19:13:13,160 --> 19:13:15,095
[ Woodpecker calls ]
523
19:13:17,397 --> 19:13:20,167
These two have made a home
in a beech tree
524
19:13:20,234 --> 19:13:24,104
and are raising a family
80 feet up in the air.
525
19:13:28,175 --> 19:13:33,647
They dote on their three little
chicks only eight days old.
526
19:13:34,414 --> 19:13:37,584
The nest hole
is surprisingly deep.
527
19:13:37,651 --> 19:13:41,421
The adults have chiseled down
15 inches into the tree,
528
19:13:41,488 --> 19:13:45,058
painstakingly removing
all the debris,
529
19:13:45,125 --> 19:13:46,860
except for a layer of wood chips
530
19:13:46,927 --> 19:13:49,930
that line the bottom
of the hole.
531
19:13:52,432 --> 19:13:55,068
At first, the little woodies
nap a lot,
532
19:13:55,135 --> 19:13:59,273
securely tucked away
in their dark wooden womb.
533
19:13:59,339 --> 19:14:01,074
[ Chicks chirping ]
534
19:14:04,811 --> 19:14:09,950
But, soon, all the chicks
are crying, all of the time...
535
19:14:16,757 --> 19:14:20,761
...not the least interested
in concealing their presence.
536
19:14:20,827 --> 19:14:25,199
The nest is so high,
it's almost predator proof.
537
19:14:25,265 --> 19:14:26,934
?
538
19:14:29,503 --> 19:14:32,606
Their father,
in his full red cap...
539
19:14:32,673 --> 19:14:34,341
?
540
19:14:37,711 --> 19:14:41,615
...and their mother in her
smaller one...
541
19:14:42,015 --> 19:14:44,451
ply back and forth with food...
542
19:14:44,518 --> 19:14:47,187
while the chicks grow and grow.
543
19:14:47,254 --> 19:14:48,922
?
544
19:14:53,560 --> 19:14:57,965
With daylight approaching
17 hours at the height of June,
545
19:14:58,031 --> 19:15:00,834
there's no rest for the weary.
546
19:15:08,909 --> 19:15:10,911
Their forest is not
the ancient world
547
19:15:10,978 --> 19:15:13,981
Black woodpeckers used to know.
548
19:15:14,581 --> 19:15:18,919
Most of these trees are young,
less than a century old.
549
19:15:18,986 --> 19:15:22,389
But they're regaining
old ground,
550
19:15:22,456 --> 19:15:28,362
and woodpeckers are an important
part of their comeback story.
551
19:15:30,931 --> 19:15:36,937
The female is searching for her
favorite meal -- carpenter ants.
552
19:15:39,373 --> 19:15:43,377
Her handiwork is easy to find
in the forest.
553
19:15:44,144 --> 19:15:47,080
Her old nest holes
from previous years,
554
19:15:47,147 --> 19:15:49,116
even her winter roosting holes,
555
19:15:49,183 --> 19:15:54,087
are bringing other creatures
back into this forest.
556
19:15:55,422 --> 19:15:59,326
She's helping
Eurasian Red squirrels...
557
19:15:59,793 --> 19:16:01,461
Great tits...
558
19:16:02,362 --> 19:16:05,532
and Boreal owls find homes
here, too,
559
19:16:05,599 --> 19:16:07,734
where they can raise
their own young.
560
19:16:07,801 --> 19:16:09,469
?
561
19:16:14,041 --> 19:16:17,778
Her life's work is to make
her world more diverse,
562
19:16:17,845 --> 19:16:21,315
more complex,
more like it used to be.
563
19:16:22,816 --> 19:16:24,618
[ Chicks chirping ]
564
19:16:28,155 --> 19:16:29,590
Back in the nest,
565
19:16:29,656 --> 19:16:34,895
the chicks are beginning
to look like real woodpeckers.
566
19:16:36,563 --> 19:16:40,133
From the red feathers sprouting
on their own little crowns,
567
19:16:40,200 --> 19:16:43,837
it appears they are two females
and one male.
568
19:16:43,904 --> 19:16:45,572
?
569
19:16:51,044 --> 19:16:53,714
Their childhoods are brief.
570
19:16:54,715 --> 19:16:59,119
Soon, they will fly
from this lofty hole...
571
19:16:59,186 --> 19:17:00,888
and three more Black woodpeckers
572
19:17:00,954 --> 19:17:04,525
will carry on
their important work...
573
19:17:04,992 --> 19:17:08,128
making everything new
old again.
574
19:17:08,862 --> 19:17:10,531
?
575
19:17:19,006 --> 19:17:21,642
Wisconsin. We're taking aBS
576
19:17:21,708 --> 19:17:24,378
remarkable show. I mean,uly
577
19:17:25,345 --> 19:17:27,814
woodpecker is going to get
578
19:17:28,882 --> 19:17:31,518
happen. You know what'sto
579
19:17:31,585 --> 19:17:34,054
end, it all works out forhe
580
19:17:34,454 --> 19:17:36,690
the ants, but for the for
581
19:17:37,491 --> 19:17:40,093
at the photography on that,
582
19:17:40,160 --> 19:17:42,196
thinking about the're not
583
19:17:42,262 --> 19:17:43,330
thinking about what you're
584
19:17:43,397 --> 19:17:45,666
dramatic thing that's
585
19:17:45,732 --> 19:17:48,068
for a moment about thethink
586
19:17:48,135 --> 19:17:50,904
extraordinary, the quality
587
19:17:50,971 --> 19:17:53,440
the work that goes intoy of
588
19:17:53,841 --> 19:17:56,310
It's just something that I
589
19:17:57,678 --> 19:18:00,447
nature photographers, these
590
19:18:00,514 --> 19:18:02,749
They're out there in all
591
19:18:04,117 --> 19:18:06,353
kinds of places to getll
592
19:18:07,020 --> 19:18:09,590
video that you don't evennd
593
19:18:10,257 --> 19:18:12,726
it because it's that good.
594
19:18:12,793 --> 19:18:14,928
nature is that show. So
595
19:18:15,362 --> 19:18:17,698
>> Hi, I'm Linda Berman, a
596
19:18:21,768 --> 19:18:24,004
Wisconsin, and this is a
597
19:18:24,371 --> 19:18:26,840
look at these woodpeckers
598
19:18:27,674 --> 19:18:30,010
just going crazy with the
599
19:18:31,578 --> 19:18:33,914
identify what what did Io
600
19:18:34,648 --> 19:18:36,884
that the male is that the
601
19:18:37,684 --> 19:18:39,853
saw for you. When you call
602
19:18:39,920 --> 19:18:42,256
the $12 level, $12 a month
603
19:18:42,823 --> 19:18:45,559
the opportunity to get this
604
19:18:45,626 --> 19:18:47,794
looking at it. This is the
605
19:18:47,861 --> 19:18:50,063
Bird Collective tote, and
606
19:18:50,130 --> 19:18:52,466
really great pictures of
607
19:18:53,967 --> 19:18:56,303
importantly, you can use
608
19:18:56,770 --> 19:18:59,006
birding stuff in. You have
609
19:18:59,072 --> 19:19:01,842
or these flash cards. Now,t
610
19:19:01,909 --> 19:19:04,478
just for school. These aret
611
19:19:04,811 --> 19:19:07,147
the the Sibley Backyardm
612
19:19:08,115 --> 19:19:10,584
only a checklist that goes
613
19:19:10,918 --> 19:19:13,387
to the yellow rumpedecker
614
19:19:15,322 --> 19:19:17,891
of the males and theictures
615
19:19:18,892 --> 19:19:21,228
and of the woodpeckersls
616
19:19:21,828 --> 19:19:24,064
you can check it off ando
617
19:19:24,498 --> 19:19:26,733
$12 a month, $20 a month.
618
19:19:27,301 --> 19:19:29,870
binoculars, which I can see
619
19:19:31,638 --> 19:19:33,640
everybody. They'ree
620
19:19:35,442 --> 19:19:37,878
knocks, knocks. They're
621
19:19:37,945 --> 19:19:40,581
lightweight, perfect asy
622
19:19:40,647 --> 19:19:42,883
Because I know the most.
623
19:19:43,817 --> 19:19:46,186
a bird and you go, what is
624
19:19:46,253 --> 19:19:48,722
really see it and identify
625
19:19:49,690 --> 19:19:52,159
all of it. You get the tote,
626
19:19:53,560 --> 19:19:55,896
binoculars and the field
627
19:19:55,963 --> 19:19:58,065
thing is you're pledgingt
628
19:19:58,131 --> 19:20:00,834
Wisconsin. Easy to do. You
629
19:20:00,901 --> 19:20:03,570
pbswisconsin.org or give us
630
19:20:04,271 --> 19:20:06,306
here in the studio waiting
631
19:20:06,373 --> 19:20:08,509
(800) 236-3636.at one
632
19:20:11,812 --> 19:20:14,281
I'm director of friends of
633
19:20:14,982 --> 19:20:16,984
nature is one of those
634
19:20:17,718 --> 19:20:20,053
on to see what's on, I just
635
19:20:20,621 --> 19:20:22,823
thing. Like James washole
636
19:20:22,890 --> 19:20:25,459
fascinating programs.are
637
19:20:25,526 --> 19:20:27,995
by experts. That takes ade
638
19:20:30,564 --> 19:20:33,133
these programs, the thee of
639
19:20:33,767 --> 19:20:36,336
they're in the field forrs,
640
19:20:37,437 --> 19:20:40,107
time for public television.
641
19:20:42,109 --> 19:20:44,745
that certainty that we need
642
19:20:44,811 --> 19:20:47,147
programs like this. That
643
19:20:49,316 --> 19:20:52,186
become our newest sustainer
644
19:20:52,252 --> 19:20:54,955
Becoming a sustainer means
645
19:20:55,022 --> 19:20:57,824
monthly ongoing gift. It's
646
19:20:57,891 --> 19:21:00,761
deducted from your checking
647
19:21:00,827 --> 19:21:03,297
card, as long as you wantit
648
19:21:03,363 --> 19:21:05,933
have the certainty to bring
649
19:21:06,533 --> 19:21:08,769
We're turning to you for
650
19:21:09,703 --> 19:21:12,172
Wisconsin for wonder, for
651
19:21:12,706 --> 19:21:15,175
that QR code on your screen
652
19:21:16,343 --> 19:21:19,379
pbswisconsin.org. Or please
653
19:21:19,446 --> 19:21:22,015
one (800) 236-3636.t now at
654
19:21:26,053 --> 19:21:28,622
love looking at it that way.
655
19:21:29,156 --> 19:21:31,625
for wonder and for joy. And
656
19:21:32,492 --> 19:21:35,062
gift. It's something which
657
19:21:35,395 --> 19:21:37,965
people around the state.th
658
19:21:38,932 --> 19:21:41,602
a difference to you. Youkes
659
19:21:41,668 --> 19:21:43,871
a lot of viewers, thatwers,
660
19:21:43,937 --> 19:21:46,640
their favorite programs on
661
19:21:46,707 --> 19:21:48,642
that that maybe they'll sit
662
19:21:48,709 --> 19:21:50,811
of sitting down with, with
663
19:21:50,878 --> 19:21:53,447
this program together.ing
664
19:21:54,114 --> 19:21:56,450
it, this is a terrific way
665
19:21:57,818 --> 19:22:00,487
way beyond what they'rerlds
666
19:22:01,221 --> 19:22:03,690
Always good to get out with
667
19:22:04,024 --> 19:22:06,360
walking in the woods, for
668
19:22:06,960 --> 19:22:09,429
every part of the countryo
669
19:22:09,963 --> 19:22:12,132
And here with PBS Wisconsin,
670
19:22:12,199 --> 19:22:14,434
that. We can bring you to
671
19:22:14,835 --> 19:22:16,970
impossible to get toly
672
19:22:17,404 --> 19:22:19,740
that you would never sees
673
19:22:20,107 --> 19:22:22,776
about this program. I think
674
19:22:22,843 --> 19:22:25,179
call us now atportant. So
675
19:22:28,081 --> 19:22:30,217
>> And I agree with both
676
19:22:31,118 --> 19:22:33,687
you start watching nature,
677
19:22:34,321 --> 19:22:36,156
Even if you're justing.
678
19:22:36,223 --> 19:22:38,392
like, wow, that's reallyt's
679
19:22:38,458 --> 19:22:41,128
takes you to places you'dit
680
19:22:41,195 --> 19:22:43,430
birds. And as we've just
681
19:22:44,665 --> 19:22:47,234
photography is fantastic.
682
19:22:48,969 --> 19:22:51,438
of PBS Wisconsin cane part
683
19:22:52,706 --> 19:22:55,175
and inform you. And that's
684
19:22:56,143 --> 19:22:58,812
story, whole story aboutole
685
19:22:59,580 --> 19:23:01,815
great. You see nature at
686
19:23:02,916 --> 19:23:05,485
and pledge your support, we
687
19:23:05,986 --> 19:23:08,222
thank you gifts. At $12 a
688
19:23:08,589 --> 19:23:10,891
have the opportunity to get
689
19:23:10,958 --> 19:23:13,660
from the Woodpecker North
690
19:23:13,727 --> 19:23:16,396
the collective excuse me,nd
691
19:23:17,231 --> 19:23:19,700
these flash cards are great.
692
19:23:19,766 --> 19:23:22,102
of do you see this, I seeme
693
19:23:23,704 --> 19:23:26,273
get of these birds? Because
694
19:23:26,874 --> 19:23:29,443
live. It tells their mating
695
19:23:30,911 --> 19:23:33,247
what they sound like, and
696
19:23:33,847 --> 19:23:36,316
you might be able to seehat
697
19:23:36,783 --> 19:23:39,553
wonderful Knokke binoculars,
698
19:23:39,620 --> 19:23:42,356
They're waterproof. They're
699
19:23:42,422 --> 19:23:44,992
need outside, as well asyou
700
19:23:46,727 --> 19:23:49,196
North America guide. Andf
701
19:23:50,964 --> 19:23:53,200
laminated sheet to take
702
19:23:54,001 --> 19:23:56,236
backpack, stick in your
703
19:23:56,870 --> 19:23:59,339
the Bird Collective so you
704
19:24:00,073 --> 19:24:02,409
month. You've gotat $30 a
705
19:24:03,043 --> 19:24:04,978
tote bag, you get the flash
706
19:24:05,045 --> 19:24:07,214
binoculars and the field
707
19:24:07,281 --> 19:24:09,316
you are realizing that youy,
708
19:24:09,383 --> 19:24:12,286
Wisconsin. That's why we're
709
19:24:12,352 --> 19:24:14,688
you to join us now, newing
710
19:24:15,923 --> 19:24:17,891
these wonderful thank you
711
19:24:17,958 --> 19:24:19,993
membership and get theour
712
19:24:20,060 --> 19:24:22,229
most importantly, be ourBut
713
19:24:22,296 --> 19:24:24,631
give us a call at one. Just
714
19:24:27,734 --> 19:24:29,870
>> Linda, just let you know
715
19:24:29,937 --> 19:24:32,172
can say thank you to youe
716
19:24:33,207 --> 19:24:35,909
of support during thisdge
717
19:24:35,976 --> 19:24:38,111
there are more membert
718
19:24:39,346 --> 19:24:41,815
call, when you use that QRt
719
19:24:42,516 --> 19:24:45,319
online at pbswisconsin.org.
720
19:24:46,520 --> 19:24:48,856
benefits, in addition to
721
19:24:49,590 --> 19:24:51,925
doing your part, like're
722
19:24:52,326 --> 19:24:54,995
Wisconsin, every time youBS
723
19:24:55,529 --> 19:24:58,098
to yourself, I'm helpingay
724
19:24:58,866 --> 19:25:01,668
member benefit Passportther
725
19:25:03,203 --> 19:25:05,339
information, moreore
726
19:25:06,607 --> 19:25:08,942
more or Passport deepoy,
727
19:25:10,878 --> 19:25:13,113
shows. There are so many
728
19:25:13,847 --> 19:25:16,416
rich archive of additional
729
19:25:18,185 --> 19:25:20,654
tuning in to PBS Wisconsin
730
19:25:22,022 --> 19:25:24,091
evening, think abouthe
731
19:25:24,157 --> 19:25:26,159
increasing your membership
732
19:25:26,226 --> 19:25:28,562
that Passport benefit so
733
19:25:30,030 --> 19:25:32,366
of nature and you want toe
734
19:25:33,200 --> 19:25:35,369
will let you do that andort
735
19:25:35,435 --> 19:25:38,005
many great dramas. Itws, so
736
19:25:39,473 --> 19:25:41,942
becoming our newest member
737
19:25:42,009 --> 19:25:44,244
adding to your gift. And or
738
19:25:44,311 --> 19:25:46,446
1-800-236-3636.er is
739
19:25:49,950 --> 19:25:52,519
true that every time, every
740
19:25:53,820 --> 19:25:56,290
when you're a member,ram,
741
19:25:56,657 --> 19:25:59,459
possible. It's a directram
742
19:25:59,526 --> 19:26:02,062
these programs because of
743
19:26:02,129 --> 19:26:04,464
you're not able to, to, to
744
19:26:05,299 --> 19:26:07,634
there are times in our And
745
19:26:08,335 --> 19:26:11,038
make these choices, can't
746
19:26:11,104 --> 19:26:13,440
think when you are able to
747
19:26:14,241 --> 19:26:16,710
actually is paying for in a
748
19:26:17,945 --> 19:26:20,080
able to do it. So maybet
749
19:26:21,215 --> 19:26:23,183
starting out with theirjust
750
19:26:23,250 --> 19:26:25,219
having some hard times, but
751
19:26:25,285 --> 19:26:27,855
here for everyone. Yourill
752
19:26:29,056 --> 19:26:31,859
your support is essential.
753
19:26:31,925 --> 19:26:34,061
people have, have, have
754
19:26:34,127 --> 19:26:36,797
challenging times that have
755
19:26:37,631 --> 19:26:39,867
federal funding. But so
756
19:26:40,200 --> 19:26:42,736
forward and said, this is
757
19:26:42,803 --> 19:26:45,372
lose. This is too important
758
19:26:46,039 --> 19:26:48,041
makes it so that theat
759
19:26:48,609 --> 19:26:51,044
the programs are here. Wend
760
19:26:51,111 --> 19:26:53,514
always be here becausel
761
19:26:53,580 --> 19:26:56,250
Wisconsin is something that
762
19:26:56,850 --> 19:26:59,520
Call us now 1-800-236-3636.
763
19:27:02,556 --> 19:27:03,724
support for nature and all
764
19:27:03,790 --> 19:27:06,460
the programs you love.3636.
765
19:27:20,507 --> 19:27:22,109
When the year turns
766
19:27:22,176 --> 19:27:24,878
and the New England woods
are cold and snowy...
767
19:27:24,945 --> 19:27:26,613
[ Tapping ]
768
19:27:29,216 --> 19:27:32,886
...the Pileated remains
in his forest.
769
19:27:36,757 --> 19:27:39,927
He continues his search
for ants and larvae,
770
19:27:39,993 --> 19:27:45,365
even when they've gone dormant
and are no longer moving.
771
19:27:45,432 --> 19:27:48,669
A dead tree is an almost
constant source of insects
772
19:27:48,735 --> 19:27:52,673
that he can mine
all through the winter.
773
19:27:52,739 --> 19:27:54,408
?
774
19:27:57,344 --> 19:27:59,313
In the very same forest,
775
19:27:59,379 --> 19:28:01,114
among the smallest
of his cousins
776
19:28:01,181 --> 19:28:05,419
are also making their way
through the season.
777
19:28:06,887 --> 19:28:09,223
The diminutive Downy woodpecker
is named
778
19:28:09,289 --> 19:28:13,760
for the soft white feathers
that keep them warm.
779
19:28:14,795 --> 19:28:18,599
Their black and white suits,
with a dash of red for the male,
780
19:28:18,665 --> 19:28:23,203
are a miniature variation
of the bold Pileated's,
781
19:28:23,270 --> 19:28:26,473
and offer them a way
of blending into the trees.
782
19:28:26,540 --> 19:28:28,208
?
783
19:28:35,616 --> 19:28:36,950
Downies search for insects
784
19:28:37,017 --> 19:28:40,254
that winter
just beneath the bark.
785
19:28:43,624 --> 19:28:47,628
They often join small mixed
bands of chickadees...
786
19:28:47,694 --> 19:28:49,997
white-breasted nuthatches...
787
19:28:50,063 --> 19:28:51,698
and tufted titmice.
788
19:28:51,765 --> 19:28:53,433
?
789
19:28:57,838 --> 19:29:00,674
Several little birds may even
roost together overnight
790
19:29:00,741 --> 19:29:03,010
if the weather is severe.
791
19:29:07,948 --> 19:29:09,616
?
792
19:29:12,819 --> 19:29:15,556
But as winter thaws
and spring arrives,
793
19:29:15,622 --> 19:29:19,293
the camaraderie turns
to competition.
794
19:29:20,494 --> 19:29:23,430
They all want nests
in tree cavities,
795
19:29:23,497 --> 19:29:27,067
and a woodpecker hole
would do nicely.
796
19:29:29,770 --> 19:29:33,040
The little Downies are
highly skilled carpenters
797
19:29:33,106 --> 19:29:36,009
and build
a new nest every year.
798
19:29:36,877 --> 19:29:41,782
No small bird needing a home
can resist a look inside.
799
19:29:43,483 --> 19:29:46,987
A chickadee can excavate
its own nest in rotten wood,
800
19:29:47,054 --> 19:29:51,325
but a finished Downy nest
would be so much easier.
801
19:29:54,094 --> 19:29:57,464
A white-breasted nuthatch wants
a simple renovation,
802
19:29:57,531 --> 19:30:02,102
something it doesn't have
to build from scratch.
803
19:30:03,403 --> 19:30:06,240
A little titmouse can't drill
into wood at all.
804
19:30:06,306 --> 19:30:09,710
It needs an empty nest hole
that's move-in ready.
805
19:30:09,776 --> 19:30:11,445
[ Chirping ]
806
19:30:13,447 --> 19:30:18,685
A lucky house wren has already
laid claim to an empty hole
807
19:30:18,752 --> 19:30:21,455
and is bringing in
her own nesting materials.
808
19:30:21,522 --> 19:30:23,190
?
809
19:30:27,261 --> 19:30:32,132
And a family of tree swallows
has commandeered another.
810
19:30:32,199 --> 19:30:35,903
The female has lined the hole
with feathers and pine boughs.
811
19:30:35,969 --> 19:30:37,638
?
812
19:30:42,509 --> 19:30:45,979
All these little birds know
a woodpecker hole is
813
19:30:46,046 --> 19:30:50,184
the safest place in the forest
to raise their chicks.
814
19:30:50,250 --> 19:30:51,919
[ Chirping ]
815
19:31:03,330 --> 19:31:06,700
As spring reaches north
into the woods of Maine,
816
19:31:06,767 --> 19:31:10,804
a Ruby-throated hummingbird
zings into the scene
817
19:31:10,871 --> 19:31:13,540
with a flash of green and red.
818
19:31:16,810 --> 19:31:20,314
He's come all the way from
the tropics of Central America,
819
19:31:20,380 --> 19:31:25,185
nectaring on flowers
as they bloom along his route.
820
19:31:25,819 --> 19:31:28,522
It's early May,
and here in the north woods,
821
19:31:28,589 --> 19:31:31,925
flowers are still few
and far between.
822
19:31:31,992 --> 19:31:36,563
He's pushing the limits
of his ability to refuel.
823
19:31:37,130 --> 19:31:40,701
But he's got a brilliant
backup plan.
824
19:31:40,767 --> 19:31:42,436
[ Tapping ]
825
19:31:44,371 --> 19:31:46,707
He's timed his migration to meet
the return
826
19:31:46,773 --> 19:31:49,576
of a particular woodpecker --
827
19:31:51,945 --> 19:31:54,948
the Yellow-bellied sapsucker.
828
19:31:57,417 --> 19:32:01,388
Sapsuckers are one of
the few woodpeckers to migrate,
829
19:32:01,455 --> 19:32:06,360
coming back to the north
just as the trees are waking up.
830
19:32:06,426 --> 19:32:10,464
They return to the same
trees year after year.
831
19:32:10,531 --> 19:32:13,867
Birches
are among their favorites.
832
19:32:14,368 --> 19:32:17,204
They tap into different streams
of the tree's plumbing
833
19:32:17,271 --> 19:32:20,841
according to the type
of sap they seek.
834
19:32:22,376 --> 19:32:25,279
The first holes in early spring
intercept the sap
835
19:32:25,345 --> 19:32:28,916
coming up
from the roots into the wood.
836
19:32:30,417 --> 19:32:34,054
These holes are small, round,
and deep.
837
19:32:36,290 --> 19:32:41,528
Immediately, sap wells up
in the wounds and spills over.
838
19:32:41,595 --> 19:32:43,797
This is called birch water.
839
19:32:43,864 --> 19:32:48,001
It's thin but full of minerals
and hormones.
840
19:32:49,503 --> 19:32:53,707
The tree works to stem the flow
and seal the wound.
841
19:32:53,774 --> 19:32:56,243
So the birds tap to the left
842
19:32:56,810 --> 19:32:58,879
and tap to the right,
843
19:32:58,946 --> 19:33:01,281
moving around the trunk.
844
19:33:04,284 --> 19:33:07,054
As spring unfolds,
sapsuckers switch
845
19:33:07,120 --> 19:33:09,489
to a living layer of inner bark
846
19:33:09,556 --> 19:33:11,291
that sends all
the nutrients made
847
19:33:11,358 --> 19:33:14,461
by the leaves down
to the tree's roots.
848
19:33:14,528 --> 19:33:16,196
?
849
19:33:19,499 --> 19:33:22,769
This sap is loaded
with sucrose,
850
19:33:22,836 --> 19:33:27,140
and sapsuckers can't resist
the sugary syrup.
851
19:33:30,143 --> 19:33:33,247
These shallow holes
are large and square
852
19:33:33,313 --> 19:33:37,851
and contribute to a conspicuous
pattern that moves up the tree.
853
19:33:37,918 --> 19:33:39,586
?
854
19:33:43,156 --> 19:33:44,825
?
855
19:33:48,362 --> 19:33:51,865
A well-worked sapsucker tree
stands out like a beacon
856
19:33:51,932 --> 19:33:55,602
to the little Ruby-throated
hummingbird.
857
19:33:55,669 --> 19:33:58,672
He plans to claim it
as his territory,
858
19:33:58,739 --> 19:34:02,743
just in time to impress
an arriving female.
859
19:34:02,809 --> 19:34:08,048
She's so eager for birch syrup,
she can already taste it.
860
19:34:08,649 --> 19:34:09,750
But...
861
19:34:09,816 --> 19:34:12,452
she's going to have
to wait her turn.
862
19:34:12,519 --> 19:34:14,188
?
863
19:34:21,161 --> 19:34:23,630
Hummers live so close
to the edge,
864
19:34:23,697 --> 19:34:27,701
they fiercely defend
every source of food they have.
865
19:34:27,768 --> 19:34:30,504
Even when it's an entire tree!
866
19:34:30,571 --> 19:34:32,239
?
867
19:34:40,314 --> 19:34:41,982
?
868
19:34:50,090 --> 19:34:52,593
Even the little male,
who was here first,
869
19:34:52,659 --> 19:34:54,261
is given a hard time.
870
19:34:54,328 --> 19:34:55,996
?
871
19:35:01,435 --> 19:35:05,439
Insects, too, love the tree's
sweet, sticky flow.
872
19:35:05,506 --> 19:35:08,408
But for them, it's a honey trap.
873
19:35:09,643 --> 19:35:12,246
Ingenious sapsuckers don't need
to drill into wood
874
19:35:12,312 --> 19:35:14,214
for beetles and grubs.
875
19:35:14,281 --> 19:35:16,383
Sap does the catching for them.
876
19:35:16,450 --> 19:35:18,118
?
877
19:35:23,390 --> 19:35:26,059
And even bees taste better...
878
19:35:26,126 --> 19:35:27,794
dipped in sugar.
879
19:35:32,199 --> 19:35:34,468
It may take years,
but inevitably,
880
19:35:34,535 --> 19:35:38,672
the sapsuckers' holes gird
the birch completely.
881
19:35:38,739 --> 19:35:42,109
Nutrients from the leaves
can no longer reach the roots,
882
19:35:42,176 --> 19:35:44,645
and the tree
finally dies.
883
19:35:46,346 --> 19:35:49,783
But death is not the end
of a tree's story.
884
19:35:52,686 --> 19:35:58,058
Now it becomes food and shelter
for a host of new creatures,
885
19:35:58,125 --> 19:36:00,827
chief among them
the horned passalus,
886
19:36:00,894 --> 19:36:04,865
also known as
the patent-leather beetle.
887
19:36:04,932 --> 19:36:06,600
?
888
19:36:09,837 --> 19:36:12,439
This large black beetle
finds the perfect home
889
19:36:12,506 --> 19:36:15,042
inside dead deciduous trees,
890
19:36:15,108 --> 19:36:18,846
with protection from wild swings
in the weather...
891
19:36:18,912 --> 19:36:21,615
and with all the wood
it can eat.
892
19:36:25,719 --> 19:36:28,088
Its larvae will develop here,
too,
893
19:36:28,155 --> 19:36:31,491
gradually gaining
a taste for wood.
894
19:36:34,428 --> 19:36:37,497
The beetles need dead trees
to survive...
895
19:36:37,564 --> 19:36:39,499
and beetles help keep
the forest system
896
19:36:39,566 --> 19:36:44,137
humming by nourishing
so many birds and mammals.
897
19:36:47,407 --> 19:36:50,544
But the forest has
many partners,
898
19:36:51,011 --> 19:36:55,883
and the greatest may be
these remarkable beings.
899
19:36:55,949 --> 19:36:57,618
Fungi.
900
19:36:58,685 --> 19:37:00,354
?
901
19:37:06,293 --> 19:37:07,961
?
902
19:37:13,867 --> 19:37:19,206
Fungi bear "fruit" that carry
their seed-like spores.
903
19:37:19,273 --> 19:37:21,742
We know them as mushrooms.
904
19:37:22,342 --> 19:37:24,011
?
905
19:37:30,751 --> 19:37:33,287
Neither plants nor animals,
906
19:37:33,353 --> 19:37:36,957
fungi recycle all the components
of the forest,
907
19:37:37,024 --> 19:37:40,994
spreading filaments underground
in an organic internet.
908
19:37:41,061 --> 19:37:42,729
?
909
19:37:48,936 --> 19:37:50,571
They break down fallen wood
910
19:37:50,637 --> 19:37:54,208
and send its nutrients
far and wide...
911
19:37:55,976 --> 19:37:59,880
...to be reincarnated
into living trees.
912
19:38:03,717 --> 19:38:05,919
But while they're still
standing,
913
19:38:05,986 --> 19:38:10,324
dead trees are essential
architecture just as they are.
914
19:38:10,390 --> 19:38:11,825
[ Tapping ]
915
19:38:11,892 --> 19:38:13,560
?
916
19:38:19,199 --> 19:38:21,835
Year after year,
a small Hairy woodpecker
917
19:38:21,902 --> 19:38:24,505
makes nest holes
in a flooded stand
918
19:38:24,571 --> 19:38:26,473
at the edge of a beaver pond.
919
19:38:26,540 --> 19:38:28,208
?
920
19:38:31,845 --> 19:38:33,680
A dead tree with
last year's hole
921
19:38:33,747 --> 19:38:36,383
is exactly the home
Eastern bluebirds
922
19:38:36,450 --> 19:38:39,019
need to raise
their own family.
923
19:38:39,086 --> 19:38:40,754
?
924
19:38:46,560 --> 19:38:48,228
?
925
19:38:54,034 --> 19:38:57,905
As they feed their chicks,
the bluebirds have no idea
926
19:38:57,971 --> 19:39:02,876
how deeply connected everything
in their forest is.
927
19:39:05,913 --> 19:39:10,384
All the bluebirds know
is that the nest is precious...
928
19:39:10,450 --> 19:39:13,353
and they fiercely defend it...
929
19:39:14,188 --> 19:39:16,924
even from the little
woodpecker who made it.
930
19:39:16,990 --> 19:39:18,659
?
931
19:39:23,964 --> 19:39:25,632
?
932
19:39:30,904 --> 19:39:32,673
The value of trees
to woodpeckers
933
19:39:32,739 --> 19:39:35,275
rises to a dramatic crescendo
934
19:39:35,342 --> 19:39:39,146
in central California's
Carmel Valley.
935
19:39:42,216 --> 19:39:45,185
It's a story that unfolds
across a sweeping savanna
936
19:39:45,252 --> 19:39:48,021
of oaks and golden grasses.
937
19:39:51,692 --> 19:39:54,294
These gnarled old oaks
have stood their ground
938
19:39:54,361 --> 19:39:56,163
for some 500 years.
939
19:40:01,268 --> 19:40:06,440
Their wide-reaching branches are
festooned with lace lichen,
940
19:40:06,507 --> 19:40:09,543
and their bark is so thick
and corrugated,
941
19:40:09,610 --> 19:40:15,182
they have weathered almost
every challenge for centuries.
942
19:40:18,018 --> 19:40:21,355
But a closer look reveals
something astonishing.
943
19:40:21,421 --> 19:40:23,090
?
944
19:40:27,227 --> 19:40:30,364
Acorns, by the tens
of thousands,
945
19:40:31,598 --> 19:40:34,735
are tattooed into
every nook and cranny.
946
19:40:34,801 --> 19:40:36,470
?
947
19:40:44,144 --> 19:40:46,713
Acorns don't grow this way.
948
19:40:47,214 --> 19:40:51,351
Someone has hammered
each one into the bark.
949
19:40:52,085 --> 19:40:53,754
[ Squawking ]
950
19:40:56,356 --> 19:40:59,626
That someone is actually a band
of little round-eyed,
951
19:40:59,693 --> 19:41:02,796
clown-faced,
Acorn woodpeckers.
952
19:41:02,863 --> 19:41:04,531
?
953
19:41:11,605 --> 19:41:15,542
They live in highly structured
families of a dozen or so,
954
19:41:15,609 --> 19:41:18,979
each family claiming
some 15 acres of oaks
955
19:41:19,046 --> 19:41:20,714
and open country.
956
19:41:24,418 --> 19:41:28,222
The trees are their prized
possessions.
957
19:41:29,690 --> 19:41:34,228
Because every autumn,
they produce a windfall.
958
19:41:34,294 --> 19:41:35,963
?
959
19:41:42,102 --> 19:41:46,507
Thousands upon thousands
of nutritious acorns.
960
19:41:46,573 --> 19:41:48,242
?
961
19:41:58,452 --> 19:42:01,488
The acorns are woodpecker
gold --
962
19:42:01,555 --> 19:42:06,226
high in vitamins, minerals,
fats, and protein.
963
19:42:06,293 --> 19:42:09,830
Collecting them is
the woodpeckers' obsession.
964
19:42:09,897 --> 19:42:11,565
?
965
19:42:18,906 --> 19:42:22,142
The acorns are ferried back up
to the tree
966
19:42:22,209 --> 19:42:26,246
and packed into small holes
pecked out for the purpose.
967
19:42:26,313 --> 19:42:27,981
?
968
19:42:31,885 --> 19:42:35,455
This turns the acorns
into treasure --
969
19:42:36,290 --> 19:42:40,527
a seasonal abundance
that can be made to last.
970
19:42:42,863 --> 19:42:47,100
When other foods are scarce,
acorns will be here -
971
19:42:47,167 --> 19:42:50,537
safe in their shells
and ready to eat.
972
19:42:58,579 --> 19:43:01,648
This is prosperity
for the family,
973
19:43:01,715 --> 19:43:03,951
a true measure of wealth.
974
19:43:07,588 --> 19:43:11,558
But wealth, it turns out,
is a whole lot of work.
975
19:43:11,625 --> 19:43:13,293
?
976
19:43:19,867 --> 19:43:23,504
Now they constantly test
and turn the acorns
977
19:43:23,570 --> 19:43:25,506
as they dry and shrink,
978
19:43:25,572 --> 19:43:29,343
to make sure each one
is still snug in its hole.
979
19:43:29,409 --> 19:43:31,078
?
980
19:43:35,048 --> 19:43:36,717
?
981
19:43:40,721 --> 19:43:43,290
If the hole seems too big...
982
19:43:45,158 --> 19:43:47,961
...they look for a better fit,
983
19:43:48,495 --> 19:43:51,298
tapping the acorn back in tight.
984
19:43:55,769 --> 19:43:58,539
It's a process fraught
with difficult decisions.
985
19:43:58,605 --> 19:44:00,274
?
986
19:44:08,215 --> 19:44:10,117
And an acorn dropped
987
19:44:11,385 --> 19:44:13,554
could be lost forever.
988
19:44:21,495 --> 19:44:26,834
Every member of the family
serves on acorn security duty.
989
19:44:27,734 --> 19:44:29,403
?
990
19:44:31,205 --> 19:44:35,108
A ground squirrel
boldly climbs the oak
991
19:44:35,175 --> 19:44:39,379
only to find the entire tree
is woodpecker property.
992
19:44:39,446 --> 19:44:41,048
[ Woodpeckers squawking ]
993
19:44:41,114 --> 19:44:42,783
?
994
19:44:50,157 --> 19:44:53,293
Any outsider, whether furry
or feathered,
995
19:44:53,360 --> 19:44:55,596
is swiftly dispatched.
996
19:44:57,431 --> 19:45:00,801
What worries the family most
are raiding parties
997
19:45:00,868 --> 19:45:04,238
of competing Acorn woodpeckers.
998
19:45:07,007 --> 19:45:08,709
All across the valley,
999
19:45:08,775 --> 19:45:11,812
groups keep an eye
on each other's holdings,
1000
19:45:11,879 --> 19:45:15,516
waiting for an opening
to take them over.
1001
19:45:15,582 --> 19:45:17,251
?
1002
19:45:23,624 --> 19:45:26,894
Woodpecker spies are everywhere,
1003
19:45:26,960 --> 19:45:29,162
and though they all look
alike to us,
1004
19:45:29,229 --> 19:45:32,933
the home team always knows
who doesn't belong.
1005
19:45:33,000 --> 19:45:34,668
[ Squawking ]
1006
19:45:35,202 --> 19:45:36,870
?
1007
19:45:41,175 --> 19:45:42,843
?
1008
19:45:53,220 --> 19:45:55,689
I'm a volunteer here at PBS
1009
19:45:56,056 --> 19:45:58,825
a quick break from thisking
1010
19:45:58,892 --> 19:46:01,161
know, and I was thinkingYou
1011
19:46:01,228 --> 19:46:03,564
watch nature a lot and say
1012
19:46:04,531 --> 19:46:06,767
member yet. I think that
1013
19:46:07,568 --> 19:46:10,037
you to become a member ofor
1014
19:46:11,104 --> 19:46:13,674
a challenge break. Soe it's
1015
19:46:15,008 --> 19:46:17,578
PBS Wisconsin have setPBS,
1016
19:46:19,079 --> 19:46:21,648
will match your gift dollar
1017
19:46:22,850 --> 19:46:25,185
time to call and say, yep,
1018
19:46:26,253 --> 19:46:28,722
while and now it's my turn.
1019
19:46:29,423 --> 19:46:31,825
saying I'm going tong of
1020
19:46:31,892 --> 19:46:34,228
great it's a gift,eally a
1021
19:46:34,995 --> 19:46:37,464
but it's also a real act of,
1022
19:46:38,298 --> 19:46:40,601
about it, because public
1023
19:46:40,667 --> 19:46:43,003
us. It's for you. For me,f
1024
19:46:44,571 --> 19:46:46,807
your gift, your support
1025
19:46:47,474 --> 19:46:49,409
break especially, is what
1026
19:46:49,476 --> 19:46:51,912
it possible. So call us now
1027
19:46:51,979 --> 19:46:54,214
>> Hi, I'm Linda Berman,
1028
19:46:57,150 --> 19:46:59,486
PBS Wisconsin, and thist
1029
19:47:00,354 --> 19:47:02,890
call, especially with the
1030
19:47:02,956 --> 19:47:05,626
what you pledge tonighteans
1031
19:47:06,159 --> 19:47:08,495
Wisconsin. So let me tell
1032
19:47:09,830 --> 19:47:12,165
you. Besides the quality
1033
19:47:12,799 --> 19:47:15,469
you enjoy, if you pledge as
1034
19:47:15,536 --> 19:47:18,205
you get this incrediblenth,
1035
19:47:18,705 --> 19:47:21,041
happens to just have thes
1036
19:47:23,377 --> 19:47:25,712
America. And this is from
1037
19:47:26,046 --> 19:47:28,715
really is a really gusseted,
1038
19:47:29,850 --> 19:47:32,319
backpack tote for you, but
1039
19:47:34,655 --> 19:47:36,990
You can either get that or
1040
19:47:37,791 --> 19:47:40,260
these are the Sibley flash
1041
19:47:40,627 --> 19:47:43,063
different birds here. You
1042
19:47:43,130 --> 19:47:45,799
morning, drink your coffee,
1043
19:47:46,166 --> 19:47:48,836
red bellied woodpecker, the
1044
19:47:49,203 --> 19:47:51,672
pileated woodpecker, the
1045
19:47:53,006 --> 19:47:55,475
would like. You can findou
1046
19:47:56,910 --> 19:47:59,213
these wonderful binoculars.
1047
19:47:59,279 --> 19:48:01,615
binoculars. They're fog
1048
19:48:02,282 --> 19:48:04,618
And you get with it theof.
1049
19:48:05,352 --> 19:48:08,021
out looking for those birds,
1050
19:48:10,257 --> 19:48:12,926
this laminated field guide.
1051
19:48:13,527 --> 19:48:15,796
calling up because they say,
1052
19:48:15,863 --> 19:48:17,998
all $30 a month. You get
1053
19:48:18,899 --> 19:48:21,468
and the flash cards andote
1054
19:48:21,535 --> 19:48:23,770
set, as well as the field
1055
19:48:24,638 --> 19:48:27,307
you are contributing to PBS,
1056
19:48:28,709 --> 19:48:31,044
can use the QR code on your
1057
19:48:32,045 --> 19:48:34,615
at pbswisconsin.org or you
1058
19:48:36,183 --> 19:48:38,352
volunteers are sitting here
1059
19:48:38,418 --> 19:48:41,221
1-800-236-3636.n Studios at
1060
19:48:44,791 --> 19:48:47,261
I'm director of friends of
1061
19:48:47,828 --> 19:48:50,631
number 1-800-236-3636. It's
1062
19:48:51,498 --> 19:48:54,067
a challenge break just like
1063
19:48:54,434 --> 19:48:56,904
Thanks to current members
1064
19:48:57,471 --> 19:48:59,806
take you over the edge, to
1065
19:49:00,741 --> 19:49:03,076
that new sustainer, that
1066
19:49:03,844 --> 19:49:06,346
available to you when you
1067
19:49:06,413 --> 19:49:08,982
Nature's been around for 44
1068
19:49:11,084 --> 19:49:13,754
of awards. Why? Becausereds
1069
19:49:15,656 --> 19:49:17,891
go to the trouble to They
1070
19:49:19,326 --> 19:49:21,895
their craft. Use science to
1071
19:49:22,663 --> 19:49:25,132
just aren't going to getou
1072
19:49:25,732 --> 19:49:27,901
they'll take us, places we
1073
19:49:27,968 --> 19:49:30,204
But it's also because of
1074
19:49:32,272 --> 19:49:34,741
members, our sustainers,
1075
19:49:35,876 --> 19:49:38,679
This is a complicatedssible.
1076
19:49:40,480 --> 19:49:42,716
gift to support PBSyour
1077
19:49:44,685 --> 19:49:47,154
bring all of us wonderfulp
1078
19:49:49,122 --> 19:49:51,658
you're enjoying this. If
1079
19:49:51,725 --> 19:49:54,061
you to make that call.g on
1080
19:49:54,928 --> 19:49:56,964
Become a new member,er.
1081
19:49:57,030 --> 19:49:59,499
QR code, go online tose the
1082
19:50:00,501 --> 19:50:02,169
give us a call during thise
1083
19:50:02,236 --> 19:50:03,904
1-800-236-3636.
1084
19:50:08,308 --> 19:50:10,777
of the most important one
1085
19:50:10,844 --> 19:50:13,180
you know, kids. We all and
1086
19:50:13,881 --> 19:50:16,350
the sky blue? You know, how
1087
19:50:16,783 --> 19:50:18,986
are the kinds of thingse
1088
19:50:19,052 --> 19:50:21,522
it's not that we lose thatd
1089
19:50:21,922 --> 19:50:24,391
there's so much going on in
1090
19:50:24,825 --> 19:50:27,160
always sustain it the way
1091
19:50:27,594 --> 19:50:29,730
things that's reallyhe
1092
19:50:29,796 --> 19:50:31,765
Wisconsin is that I think
1093
19:50:31,832 --> 19:50:34,401
curiosity and satisfy that
1094
19:50:36,170 --> 19:50:38,906
really encourage you fromys,
1095
19:50:38,972 --> 19:50:41,208
out and see things for go
1096
19:50:41,842 --> 19:50:44,311
and see whether it's birds
1097
19:50:44,978 --> 19:50:47,214
watching other people,
1098
19:50:47,681 --> 19:50:50,317
it's something that you can
1099
19:50:50,384 --> 19:50:52,953
think, because of theart, I
1100
19:50:53,387 --> 19:50:55,856
Wisconsin, this program,
1101
19:50:56,223 --> 19:50:58,659
of that. And during thise
1102
19:50:58,725 --> 19:51:01,128
great time for you to make
1103
19:51:01,195 --> 19:51:03,330
making a pledge to PBSy
1104
19:51:03,964 --> 19:51:06,099
1-800-236-3636. us at
1105
19:51:09,269 --> 19:51:11,738
We challenge you to go tou.
1106
19:51:12,339 --> 19:51:14,575
give us a call and either
1107
19:51:16,009 --> 19:51:18,812
you haven't quite yetecause
1108
19:51:18,879 --> 19:51:21,215
your membership. You can
1109
19:51:22,049 --> 19:51:24,284
somebody else. The most
1110
19:51:25,052 --> 19:51:27,621
becoming our sponsor andre
1111
19:51:28,622 --> 19:51:30,858
want to say thank you, we
1112
19:51:31,558 --> 19:51:34,027
you're expecting quality
1113
19:51:34,428 --> 19:51:36,597
have the opportunity saying,
1114
19:51:36,663 --> 19:51:39,132
$12 a month, you can always
1115
19:51:39,633 --> 19:51:42,102
for these. But $12 a month,
1116
19:51:43,170 --> 19:51:45,739
get this really cute toteto
1117
19:51:45,806 --> 19:51:48,141
your birding things orof
1118
19:51:49,476 --> 19:51:51,945
you want there, or theelse
1119
19:51:52,813 --> 19:51:55,516
the flash cards come with a
1120
19:51:55,582 --> 19:51:58,118
get from the American coot
1121
19:51:58,185 --> 19:52:00,654
how many you can remembere
1122
19:52:01,588 --> 19:52:03,824
month, you have the$20 a
1123
19:52:05,158 --> 19:52:07,494
really wonderful binoculars.
1124
19:52:07,561 --> 19:52:10,230
mean, I'm impressed because
1125
19:52:10,931 --> 19:52:13,166
are so heavy that youhat
1126
19:52:14,001 --> 19:52:16,470
them. And these are great.
1127
19:52:17,604 --> 19:52:20,073
waterproof in case you get
1128
19:52:20,941 --> 19:52:23,243
you're caught in the say
1129
19:52:23,310 --> 19:52:25,546
comes the field guide,t
1130
19:52:25,879 --> 19:52:28,382
because it's laminated and
1131
19:52:28,448 --> 19:52:31,118
good description and tellsd
1132
19:52:32,252 --> 19:52:34,821
different birds, thend the
1133
19:52:35,222 --> 19:52:37,457
you can get all of this,,
1134
19:52:37,758 --> 19:52:40,093
bag, and you can get thete
1135
19:52:41,361 --> 19:52:44,031
binoculars and the fieldthe
1136
19:52:44,965 --> 19:52:47,434
saying thank you. We have
1137
19:52:47,501 --> 19:52:49,736
said, I just want to give
1138
19:52:50,370 --> 19:52:52,840
you use it. That'so you and
1139
19:52:53,540 --> 19:52:55,709
want to say we're giving
1140
19:52:55,776 --> 19:52:58,445
say thank you. But remember,
1141
19:52:58,812 --> 19:53:01,481
call us at 1-800-236-3636.n
1142
19:53:03,717 --> 19:53:05,953
volunteers here.erful
1143
19:53:07,187 --> 19:53:09,456
this fantastic show, weof
1144
19:53:09,523 --> 19:53:12,092
the forest is. Well, thised
1145
19:53:13,360 --> 19:53:15,929
bringing you a service.'re
1146
19:53:15,996 --> 19:53:18,131
additional services,
1147
19:53:18,432 --> 19:53:21,101
systems and education work.
1148
19:53:22,069 --> 19:53:24,738
the broadcast, but it'syond
1149
19:53:24,805 --> 19:53:26,940
because without youru
1150
19:53:27,307 --> 19:53:29,877
valuing this service, that
1151
19:53:30,611 --> 19:53:33,080
the service isn't as good.
1152
19:53:34,314 --> 19:53:36,884
of supporters, become a new
1153
19:53:37,618 --> 19:53:39,620
sustainer. Being aew
1154
19:53:40,587 --> 19:53:42,422
you're making a monthly
1155
19:53:42,489 --> 19:53:44,825
for you. It's automatic,
1156
19:53:45,225 --> 19:53:47,694
and we're connected to the
1157
19:53:48,228 --> 19:53:50,464
bring you this greatell to
1158
19:53:50,531 --> 19:53:52,766
we can say thank you ands
1159
19:53:53,333 --> 19:53:55,335
all these ways. We're on is
1160
19:53:55,402 --> 19:53:57,538
ago, but Airways Magazine,
1161
19:53:57,604 --> 19:54:00,307
a great way to stay inuide,
1162
19:54:00,374 --> 19:54:02,943
you from PBS Wisconsin ando
1163
19:54:03,810 --> 19:54:06,213
the scenes. It's all part
1164
19:54:06,280 --> 19:54:08,916
part of connection. Please
1165
19:54:08,982 --> 19:54:11,118
challenge break It's a
1166
19:54:14,054 --> 19:54:15,889
>> Or if you want to do
1167
19:54:15,956 --> 19:54:17,691
>> You know, Eric mentioned
1168
19:54:17,758 --> 19:54:20,093
sort of it's it's built is
1169
19:54:21,228 --> 19:54:23,564
Wisconsin Publice at PBS
1170
19:54:24,631 --> 19:54:26,867
service to provide farm
1171
19:54:28,268 --> 19:54:29,937
farmers. That's what wes to
1172
19:54:30,003 --> 19:54:32,573
invented in Wisconsin. You
1173
19:54:33,273 --> 19:54:35,742
know that, but PBS not PBS.
1174
19:54:36,076 --> 19:54:38,412
radio was invented inlic
1175
19:54:39,446 --> 19:54:41,381
went for many years. And
1176
19:54:41,448 --> 19:54:43,784
got broader as ascasting
1177
19:54:44,785 --> 19:54:47,254
now we have this terrific,
1178
19:54:47,955 --> 19:54:50,090
really, that includes
1179
19:54:50,157 --> 19:54:52,626
teachers and schools, for
1180
19:54:52,693 --> 19:54:55,162
for any schools. And these
1181
19:54:55,929 --> 19:54:58,265
broadcasts. And so whate
1182
19:54:59,499 --> 19:55:01,702
just one of the many things
1183
19:55:01,768 --> 19:55:03,837
important thing. It's a
1184
19:55:03,904 --> 19:55:06,473
80,000 families that arere
1185
19:55:07,508 --> 19:55:09,843
and we're inviting you to
1186
19:55:11,478 --> 19:55:14,281
contribute, contribute more
1187
19:55:16,517 --> 19:55:18,652
give. So call us during
1188
19:55:19,286 --> 19:55:21,288
at seven. We want to get to
1189
19:55:21,355 --> 19:55:23,690
six, three, 636., three,
1190
19:55:26,226 --> 19:55:28,462
to say thank you is if you
1191
19:55:29,429 --> 19:55:31,999
sustainer or $144, you cana
1192
19:55:33,534 --> 19:55:36,103
great flash cards to really
1193
19:55:37,704 --> 19:55:39,273
that's what it's aboutd
1194
19:55:39,339 --> 19:55:41,742
woodpeckers and where do
1195
19:55:41,808 --> 19:55:44,478
What do they sound like?hey?
1196
19:55:44,545 --> 19:55:47,014
just the woodpeckers. It's
1197
19:55:47,080 --> 19:55:49,750
different birds. Excuse me?
1198
19:55:51,185 --> 19:55:53,787
100. It's the 22 birds your
1199
19:55:53,854 --> 19:55:56,089
right here. The 22guide
1200
19:55:57,891 --> 19:56:00,460
or the $240 with theseonth,
1201
19:56:03,230 --> 19:56:05,132
everything right here.d
1202
19:56:05,199 --> 19:56:07,668
binoculars. They're also
1203
19:56:08,001 --> 19:56:10,337
a month or $360. You get it
1204
19:56:13,707 --> 19:56:16,176
and the flash cards and the
1205
19:56:16,977 --> 19:56:19,379
guide. We are trying to say
1206
19:56:19,446 --> 19:56:21,315
encouraging you to take
1207
19:56:21,381 --> 19:56:23,851
airwaves, to see nature go
1208
19:56:26,186 --> 19:56:28,655
experience it, learn more
1209
19:56:29,923 --> 19:56:32,392
here for. We're here is the
1210
19:56:33,160 --> 19:56:35,495
been inside. It's time to
1211
19:56:36,463 --> 19:56:38,799
my tools to do it. Buthave
1212
19:56:39,766 --> 19:56:42,102
you, and now we'reere for
1213
19:56:43,003 --> 19:56:45,172
for us during this be here
1214
19:56:45,239 --> 19:56:47,808
call 1-800-236-3636.e us a
1215
19:56:51,311 --> 19:56:53,547
Wisconsin is a gift that
1216
19:56:53,847 --> 19:56:56,316
the things we can give toof
1217
19:56:57,050 --> 19:56:59,520
programs. You can use your
1218
19:57:02,289 --> 19:57:04,958
Passport once you remember.
1219
19:57:05,993 --> 19:57:08,328
more about Passport.k at
1220
19:57:09,630 --> 19:57:12,199
Wisconsin because you love
1221
19:57:12,666 --> 19:57:15,335
dramas and documentaries to
1222
19:57:15,736 --> 19:57:18,372
could be better?alism, what
1223
19:57:18,438 --> 19:57:20,607
How about even more shows
1224
19:57:20,674 --> 19:57:23,143
watch them? Wherever youo
1225
19:57:24,211 --> 19:57:26,780
You'll find us anywhere you
1226
19:57:27,748 --> 19:57:30,217
services, and we have free
1227
19:57:31,018 --> 19:57:33,587
enjoy anytime. Plus, wheno
1228
19:57:34,688 --> 19:57:37,257
your member benefits cann,
1229
19:57:38,225 --> 19:57:40,794
explore with PBS Passport.
1230
19:57:42,095 --> 19:57:44,665
titles with new favorites0
1231
19:57:45,399 --> 19:57:47,868
dramas from around theven
1232
19:57:48,569 --> 19:57:49,703
>> You ain't seen nothing
1233
19:57:49,770 --> 19:57:52,105
>> Your investment makes
1234
19:57:52,606 --> 19:57:55,075
you, your family, and your
1235
19:57:55,876 --> 19:57:58,111
gift at any of the levels
1236
19:57:59,046 --> 19:58:01,181
join an even more and then
1237
19:58:01,248 --> 19:58:03,150
Passport.s with PBS
1238
19:58:08,589 --> 19:58:10,757
those calls during this
1239
19:58:10,824 --> 19:58:13,026
visiting us online. You can
1240
19:58:13,093 --> 19:58:15,562
only got a few seconds left
1241
19:58:16,129 --> 19:58:18,665
but go ahead and make that
1242
19:58:18,732 --> 19:58:21,201
Go online. Now we want toe.
1243
19:58:21,668 --> 19:58:24,004
want your gift to go twice
1244
19:58:24,738 --> 19:58:27,407
supporting PBS Wisconsin is
1245
19:58:28,809 --> 19:58:30,844
keep bringing you thisto
1246
19:58:30,911 --> 19:58:33,146
service to continue for
1247
19:58:33,447 --> 19:58:36,016
that happens because of all
1248
19:58:36,650 --> 19:58:39,319
pbswisconsin.org or please
1249
19:58:40,354 --> 19:58:42,489
volunteers to answer the
1250
19:58:42,556 --> 19:58:44,892
[MUSIC]-800-236-3636.
1251
19:58:45,692 --> 19:58:47,361
[MUSIC]
1252
19:58:50,063 --> 19:58:52,299
While Acorn woodies
remain tree-bound
1253
19:58:52,366 --> 19:58:54,668
and devoted to their oaks,
1254
19:58:54,735 --> 19:58:58,505
other woodpeckers have found
success beyond the woods
1255
19:58:58,572 --> 19:59:00,240
in open country.
1256
19:59:01,041 --> 19:59:02,709
[ Squawking ]
1257
19:59:05,879 --> 19:59:09,316
Across the American West,
there lives a remarkable bird
1258
19:59:09,383 --> 19:59:13,053
who's expanding
woodpecker horizons.
1259
19:59:15,389 --> 19:59:19,092
She barely looks like
a woodpecker at all.
1260
19:59:19,159 --> 19:59:23,197
Her feather palette is unlike
any other in the family.
1261
19:59:23,263 --> 19:59:27,634
Her face is deep red,
her belly bright pink.
1262
19:59:27,701 --> 19:59:32,639
And she sports an interesting
collar of silvery-gray.
1263
19:59:32,706 --> 19:59:36,610
This is a Lewis's woodpecker,
named for the explorer
1264
19:59:36,677 --> 19:59:40,581
Meriwether Lewis
of Lewis and Clark fame.
1265
19:59:41,448 --> 19:59:44,484
Her nest, at least,
is traditional woodpecker,
1266
19:59:44,551 --> 19:59:48,889
a deep hole chiseled
out of a large cottonwood.
1267
19:59:51,625 --> 19:59:55,195
But from here, she flies out
to an open perch
1268
19:59:55,262 --> 19:59:58,832
to scan the landscape
for something to eat.
1269
19:59:58,899 --> 20:00:00,701
In nesting season,
1270
20:00:01,802 --> 20:00:05,506
the grasslands are rich
in flowers...
1271
20:00:05,572 --> 20:00:09,910
and in the insects
that come to pollinate them.
1272
20:00:11,078 --> 20:00:14,448
As the pollinators rise
from their flowers,
1273
20:00:14,515 --> 20:00:17,751
the Lewis's launches
into the air.
1274
20:00:19,820 --> 20:00:22,155
Instead of a woodpecker,
1275
20:00:22,656 --> 20:00:25,125
she becomes a flycatcher,
1276
20:00:25,792 --> 20:00:28,095
snapping up her prey
on the wing.
1277
20:00:28,161 --> 20:00:29,830
?
1278
20:00:34,034 --> 20:00:37,371
It's a technique
called "hawking."
1279
20:00:38,672 --> 20:00:42,976
In real time, it's hard to see
if she's successful.
1280
20:00:43,043 --> 20:00:47,080
But slowed down, it's impressive
how adept she is.
1281
20:00:47,147 --> 20:00:48,815
?
1282
20:00:55,255 --> 20:00:56,924
?
1283
20:01:03,397 --> 20:01:07,301
She returns to the nest trip
after trip...
1284
20:01:09,102 --> 20:01:12,573
...with beakfuls of nutritious
bugs for her chicks.
1285
20:01:12,639 --> 20:01:14,308
?
1286
20:01:18,111 --> 20:01:19,780
?
1287
20:01:23,584 --> 20:01:26,954
And tops them off
with gooseberries
1288
20:01:27,020 --> 20:01:28,689
for dessert!
1289
20:01:33,360 --> 20:01:35,028
?
1290
20:01:39,900 --> 20:01:43,704
And then, there are woodpeckers
so unorthodox,
1291
20:01:43,770 --> 20:01:46,974
they've abandoned trees
altogether.
1292
20:01:50,811 --> 20:01:56,149
Just outside of Tucson, Arizona,
in the Sonoran Desert,
1293
20:01:56,216 --> 20:01:58,051
the Gila woodpecker,
1294
20:01:58,118 --> 20:02:02,189
with its beautifully patterned
back and wings,
1295
20:02:02,256 --> 20:02:06,193
is tucked into the only
tree-like structure around --
1296
20:02:06,260 --> 20:02:08,495
a giant saguaro cactus.
1297
20:02:10,130 --> 20:02:14,801
Mature saguaros like these
could be 200 years old.
1298
20:02:16,403 --> 20:02:21,842
The woodpecker holes themselves
might date back 50 years.
1299
20:02:21,909 --> 20:02:24,011
Many generations of
Gila woodies come
1300
20:02:24,077 --> 20:02:27,681
and go in the life
of a grand desert sentinel.
1301
20:02:27,748 --> 20:02:29,416
?
1302
20:02:33,320 --> 20:02:37,758
Nesting in a cactus
takes planning in advance.
1303
20:02:37,824 --> 20:02:41,562
After carving out the nest
cavity in between the spines,
1304
20:02:41,628 --> 20:02:44,565
the Gila must wait several
months for the inner pulp
1305
20:02:44,631 --> 20:02:48,001
to dry into a tough,
leathery casing.
1306
20:02:51,405 --> 20:02:53,040
With the nest ready to go,
1307
20:02:53,106 --> 20:02:56,009
the male brings an impressive
gift to the female,
1308
20:02:56,076 --> 20:02:58,545
who is now sitting on eggs.
1309
20:03:00,347 --> 20:03:03,083
And she delicately consumes it,
1310
20:03:03,150 --> 20:03:05,485
one spidery leg at a time.
1311
20:03:07,087 --> 20:03:08,755
?
1312
20:03:14,228 --> 20:03:16,163
Once chicks are in the nest,
1313
20:03:16,230 --> 20:03:20,367
both parents fly out
on foraging sorties...
1314
20:03:22,970 --> 20:03:25,138
...with the typical
flap-flap-glide
1315
20:03:25,205 --> 20:03:27,841
that works so well in forests.
1316
20:03:27,908 --> 20:03:29,576
?
1317
20:03:35,082 --> 20:03:36,750
?
1318
20:03:42,256 --> 20:03:46,894
Though cacti are not trees,
and the Sonoran is not a forest,
1319
20:03:46,960 --> 20:03:51,365
the Gilas have found
a woodpecker way to thrive here.
1320
20:03:57,905 --> 20:04:00,574
Yet thousands of miles
to the south,
1321
20:04:00,641 --> 20:04:02,142
there's a woodpecker
that has left
1322
20:04:02,209 --> 20:04:05,979
even the semblance
of trees far behind.
1323
20:04:07,848 --> 20:04:11,919
It lives where no woodpecker
should be at all --
1324
20:04:11,985 --> 20:04:13,654
in open Alpine meadows
1325
20:04:13,720 --> 20:04:17,391
8,000 feet up
in the Andes of Argentina.
1326
20:04:20,260 --> 20:04:23,230
It carves holes here,
not in wood,
1327
20:04:23,297 --> 20:04:29,203
but in clay cliffs and the banks
that line high country streams.
1328
20:04:32,940 --> 20:04:34,608
[ Chirping ]
1329
20:04:36,343 --> 20:04:38,946
This is the Andean flicker.
1330
20:04:41,982 --> 20:04:44,718
He's called a "flicker"
because his wings are tinged
1331
20:04:44,785 --> 20:04:48,622
with gold and flash
and flicker in the sunlight
1332
20:04:48,689 --> 20:04:50,557
as he takes to the sky.
1333
20:04:50,624 --> 20:04:52,292
?
1334
20:04:57,865 --> 20:05:00,501
Out in the grasslands,
flickers make a living
1335
20:05:00,567 --> 20:05:03,170
by using
their long woodpecker beaks
1336
20:05:03,237 --> 20:05:07,140
to probe for worms
and insects in the soil.
1337
20:05:09,776 --> 20:05:12,779
He's very committed to his mate.
1338
20:05:14,147 --> 20:05:16,984
They like to forage
close together,
1339
20:05:17,050 --> 20:05:19,653
hitching across the open terrain
like woodpeckers
1340
20:05:19,720 --> 20:05:21,388
going up a tree.
1341
20:05:22,956 --> 20:05:24,625
[ Calling ]
1342
20:05:30,597 --> 20:05:34,101
They call back and forth
to stay in constant contact.
1343
20:05:34,168 --> 20:05:36,170
[ Calling continues ]
1344
20:05:45,879 --> 20:05:48,815
After a moment,
the male checks back in.
1345
20:05:48,882 --> 20:05:50,551
[ Calling ]
1346
20:05:52,219 --> 20:05:53,887
This time...
1347
20:05:54,154 --> 20:05:55,822
there's no reply.
1348
20:05:56,156 --> 20:05:57,824
?
1349
20:06:05,999 --> 20:06:07,668
?
1350
20:06:15,843 --> 20:06:18,345
He seeks higher ground
to call again.
1351
20:06:18,412 --> 20:06:20,080
[ Calling ]
1352
20:06:22,616 --> 20:06:26,987
With no wood to work with,
Andean flickers seldom drum.
1353
20:06:27,054 --> 20:06:29,489
Calling is all he can do.
1354
20:06:29,556 --> 20:06:31,225
[ Calling ]
1355
20:06:31,658 --> 20:06:33,327
?
1356
20:06:38,765 --> 20:06:40,701
With the anxious moment over,
1357
20:06:40,767 --> 20:06:43,904
the reunited pair share
a brief display...
1358
20:06:43,971 --> 20:06:45,639
[ Chirping ]
1359
20:06:50,410 --> 20:06:52,746
...and settle down
to forage again.
1360
20:06:52,813 --> 20:06:54,481
?
1361
20:06:57,684 --> 20:07:00,254
Adapting to life in the open
1362
20:07:01,154 --> 20:07:02,923
seems to have made
Andean flickers
1363
20:07:02,990 --> 20:07:07,895
more eager than other
woodpeckers for a social life.
1364
20:07:08,562 --> 20:07:10,230
?
1365
20:07:11,231 --> 20:07:14,268
They even nest in small colonies
1366
20:07:14,334 --> 20:07:16,570
with maybe a dozen birds
1367
20:07:16,870 --> 20:07:20,207
sharing a cliff
in close proximity.
1368
20:07:22,309 --> 20:07:24,678
They also tolerate a small
neighbor eager
1369
20:07:24,745 --> 20:07:27,414
to use their nest holes, too.
1370
20:07:31,084 --> 20:07:32,719
Blue-and-white swallows
1371
20:07:32,786 --> 20:07:35,622
like the same
high-altitude grasslands,
1372
20:07:35,689 --> 20:07:37,057
though they forage in the air
1373
20:07:37,124 --> 20:07:41,695
and don't compete
with the flickers for food.
1374
20:07:41,762 --> 20:07:44,865
And their busy chatter adds life
to the little village
1375
20:07:44,932 --> 20:07:48,268
on the cliffs
of the flickers' high frontier.
1376
20:07:48,335 --> 20:07:50,003
[ Chirping ]
1377
20:07:50,771 --> 20:07:52,439
?
1378
20:07:57,277 --> 20:08:00,981
The social scene is much more
intense back in the oak trees
1379
20:08:01,048 --> 20:08:02,716
of California.
1380
20:08:05,919 --> 20:08:09,923
As nesting season comes around,
the family life of Acorn woodies
1381
20:08:09,990 --> 20:08:12,159
becomes more cooperative,
1382
20:08:12,226 --> 20:08:16,496
more competitive,
and more complex than ever.
1383
20:08:18,899 --> 20:08:20,767
In every family group,
1384
20:08:20,834 --> 20:08:24,338
there may be three
or four females that breed...
1385
20:08:24,404 --> 20:08:28,075
and three or four males
that breed, too.
1386
20:08:29,576 --> 20:08:32,279
The males are distinguished by
white foreheads
1387
20:08:32,346 --> 20:08:34,281
and bright red crowns.
1388
20:08:36,917 --> 20:08:39,453
The females also have
white foreheads,
1389
20:08:39,520 --> 20:08:42,756
but their crowns
are black and red.
1390
20:08:42,823 --> 20:08:44,491
[ Squawking ]
1391
20:08:47,694 --> 20:08:50,898
These breeding birds all mate
with each other,
1392
20:08:50,964 --> 20:08:54,201
but never stray
outside the group.
1393
20:08:56,737 --> 20:08:58,939
The rest of the family
are helpers,
1394
20:08:59,006 --> 20:09:04,011
older siblings waiting
to move up to breeding status.
1395
20:09:12,219 --> 20:09:15,389
The females manage
to sync their breeding
1396
20:09:15,455 --> 20:09:18,592
to lay their eggs
at the same time.
1397
20:09:20,093 --> 20:09:22,062
They all use the same nest
1398
20:09:22,129 --> 20:09:26,266
and take turns incubating
the group's eggs.
1399
20:09:28,669 --> 20:09:33,140
But it's a male's duty to tend
the eggs through the night,
1400
20:09:33,207 --> 20:09:35,843
and whether this one's
a father or not,
1401
20:09:35,909 --> 20:09:38,245
he's come to take over...
1402
20:09:39,379 --> 20:09:41,849
and settles down in the dark.
1403
20:09:45,886 --> 20:09:49,556
Soon enough, the family
is hard at work.
1404
20:09:52,226 --> 20:09:54,127
Not every egg hatches,
1405
20:09:54,194 --> 20:09:58,332
but the family now
has three chicks to raise.
1406
20:09:59,499 --> 20:10:01,935
The chicks are naked
and blind,
1407
20:10:02,002 --> 20:10:03,537
but they're loud...
1408
20:10:03,604 --> 20:10:05,405
[ Chicks chirping ]
1409
20:10:06,406 --> 20:10:11,411
...and quick to respond
when an adult comes with food.
1410
20:10:17,918 --> 20:10:22,489
Now the ready supply of acorns
really pays off.
1411
20:10:22,556 --> 20:10:25,926
The chicks can start out
on nutritious acorn mash
1412
20:10:25,993 --> 20:10:27,895
and never go hungry.
1413
20:10:38,138 --> 20:10:42,910
In just 18 days, they're
sprouting long, dark feathers.
1414
20:10:46,613 --> 20:10:49,716
Soon, they develop
their first crown plumage,
1415
20:10:49,783 --> 20:10:52,152
and they all appear to be male.
1416
20:10:52,219 --> 20:10:54,421
Except...they're not.
1417
20:10:57,391 --> 20:10:59,660
All Acorn chicks wear
male plumage
1418
20:10:59,726 --> 20:11:01,862
until their first winter.
1419
20:11:01,929 --> 20:11:03,597
No one knows why.
1420
20:11:04,565 --> 20:11:06,233
?
1421
20:11:09,069 --> 20:11:14,074
At every feeding, each chick
wants all the attention.
1422
20:11:17,544 --> 20:11:21,215
But they're all getting
plenty of food.
1423
20:11:23,784 --> 20:11:28,255
Every adult in the group --
the mothers, the fathers,
1424
20:11:28,322 --> 20:11:31,925
all the helping aunts,
brothers, uncles, and sisters --
1425
20:11:31,992 --> 20:11:34,995
is bringing them
a constant supply.
1426
20:11:35,062 --> 20:11:36,730
?
1427
20:11:41,835 --> 20:11:43,504
?
1428
20:11:53,413 --> 20:11:56,550
But one female
has her own agenda.
1429
20:11:57,518 --> 20:12:00,954
Somehow, she's well out of sync
with the other females
1430
20:12:01,021 --> 20:12:05,025
and drops into the nest
now to start laying eggs --
1431
20:12:05,092 --> 20:12:08,228
right in the middle
of the mayhem!
1432
20:12:11,598 --> 20:12:16,637
The female tries over and over
to incubate the new eggs,
1433
20:12:16,703 --> 20:12:18,372
but it's no use.
1434
20:12:19,006 --> 20:12:21,675
These eggs will never hatch.
1435
20:12:24,278 --> 20:12:25,746
But the chicks are doing well
1436
20:12:25,812 --> 20:12:29,283
under all
the relentless parenting.
1437
20:12:32,619 --> 20:12:35,622
It's been just three weeks
since they hatched.
1438
20:12:35,689 --> 20:12:38,058
Now the adults stop
entering the nest
1439
20:12:38,125 --> 20:12:42,796
and encourage the youngsters
to climb to the hole.
1440
20:12:44,231 --> 20:12:45,899
?
1441
20:12:52,306 --> 20:12:54,408
Though this little woodpecker
is so eager
1442
20:12:54,474 --> 20:12:57,010
to look out
on an exciting world,
1443
20:12:57,077 --> 20:13:02,182
he can have no idea what changes
are on their way to his valley.
1444
20:13:06,386 --> 20:13:09,823
Ready or not,
he's launching into it.
1445
20:13:09,890 --> 20:13:11,558
?
1446
20:13:15,495 --> 20:13:17,164
?
1447
20:13:21,068 --> 20:13:24,705
Every spring, a new class
of young woodpeckers graduates
1448
20:13:24,771 --> 20:13:28,976
from their nest holes to take
on the challenge of growing up.
1449
20:13:29,042 --> 20:13:30,711
?
1450
20:13:34,515 --> 20:13:37,251
Their abilities will surely
be tested under the stress
1451
20:13:37,317 --> 20:13:42,222
of rising temperatures
and unpredictable weather.
1452
20:13:43,223 --> 20:13:46,927
Some forests will be parched
for water.
1453
20:13:46,994 --> 20:13:48,962
[ Thunder crashes ]
1454
20:13:49,029 --> 20:13:51,231
Others will have too much.
1455
20:13:51,298 --> 20:13:52,966
?
1456
20:13:56,937 --> 20:14:00,941
Already, trees and insects
are on the move.
1457
20:14:03,710 --> 20:14:05,812
But woodpeckers
have skills honed
1458
20:14:05,879 --> 20:14:08,549
over many millions of years.
1459
20:14:09,316 --> 20:14:12,052
They will not be caught
standing still.
1460
20:14:12,119 --> 20:14:13,787
?
1461
20:14:20,694 --> 20:14:23,764
Bright and beautiful
Red-bellied woodpeckers
1462
20:14:23,830 --> 20:14:28,502
have been steadily moving north
for some 70 years.
1463
20:14:29,570 --> 20:14:31,271
Historically,
they were residents
1464
20:14:31,338 --> 20:14:33,507
of the American Southeast,
1465
20:14:33,574 --> 20:14:36,643
only rarely seen north
of the New York border.
1466
20:14:36,710 --> 20:14:38,378
?
1467
20:14:43,884 --> 20:14:48,822
But by 1980, Red-bellies
were nesting around Boston
1468
20:14:48,889 --> 20:14:50,891
and the southern Great Lakes.
1469
20:14:50,958 --> 20:14:52,626
?
1470
20:14:56,663 --> 20:14:59,600
As the millennium dawned
20 years later,
1471
20:14:59,666 --> 20:15:05,372
they had crossed into Canada,
from Quebec to central Ontario.
1472
20:15:05,439 --> 20:15:07,107
?
1473
20:15:10,878 --> 20:15:12,546
[ Calling ]
1474
20:15:14,848 --> 20:15:17,651
Today, these
woodpeckers-on-the-move
1475
20:15:17,718 --> 20:15:20,988
are continuing
their conquest of the North,
1476
20:15:21,054 --> 20:15:24,358
a range expansion
of a thousand miles.
1477
20:15:24,424 --> 20:15:26,093
[ Calling ]
1478
20:15:27,728 --> 20:15:29,396
?
1479
20:15:34,301 --> 20:15:37,271
A warming world is a boon
to them...
1480
20:15:37,337 --> 20:15:39,606
and they have seized the moment.
1481
20:15:39,673 --> 20:15:41,341
?
1482
20:15:49,516 --> 20:15:51,385
For every coming change,
1483
20:15:51,451 --> 20:15:54,588
there will be winners
and losers.
1484
20:15:55,589 --> 20:15:59,059
And as woodpeckers everywhere
face the future,
1485
20:15:59,126 --> 20:16:02,296
may their resilience
and innovative homes
1486
20:16:02,362 --> 20:16:05,032
help secure their survival.
1487
20:16:17,845 --> 20:16:18,378
I'm a volunteer here at PBS
1488
20:16:18,445 --> 20:16:20,480
Wisconsin. We're going toBS
1489
20:16:20,547 --> 20:16:22,883
programs you enjoy at PBS
1490
20:16:24,218 --> 20:16:26,353
talk for just a minuteto
1491
20:16:26,420 --> 20:16:28,422
that you've just beeneries
1492
20:16:28,488 --> 20:16:30,958
Whole Story Woodpeckers.
1493
20:16:31,959 --> 20:16:34,661
nature this season has it,
1494
20:16:34,728 --> 20:16:37,064
everywhere looking at at
1495
20:16:38,198 --> 20:16:40,667
But you can even find these
1496
20:16:41,502 --> 20:16:44,438
PBS Wisconsin has done some.
1497
20:16:44,505 --> 20:16:46,974
here. Wisconsin Scenicht
1498
20:16:47,441 --> 20:16:49,910
versions of that. Wisconsin
1499
20:16:49,977 --> 20:16:52,446
programs we've made about
1500
20:16:52,779 --> 20:16:55,015
because we are about us.
1501
20:16:57,317 --> 20:16:59,987
entirely to making programs
1502
20:17:00,420 --> 20:17:02,789
you, whether they'rece for
1503
20:17:02,856 --> 20:17:05,325
or drama or music or things
1504
20:17:06,426 --> 20:17:08,395
programs that you'reure
1505
20:17:08,462 --> 20:17:10,931
also the programs we make,
1506
20:17:11,265 --> 20:17:13,734
investments that you make
1507
20:17:14,168 --> 20:17:16,503
programs for you. So call
1508
20:17:16,570 --> 20:17:18,572
>> I'm Linda Berman, a
1509
20:17:22,075 --> 20:17:24,545
Wisconsin. And it truly is
1510
20:17:24,878 --> 20:17:27,214
volunteer. I've beenas a
1511
20:17:27,548 --> 20:17:29,983
years, and every time I0
1512
20:17:30,050 --> 20:17:32,386
am stunned. And our way to
1513
20:17:34,021 --> 20:17:36,690
have very special thank you
1514
20:17:36,757 --> 20:17:39,092
program at $12 a month, or
1515
20:17:41,195 --> 20:17:43,664
bag which is done by theote
1516
20:17:45,832 --> 20:17:48,001
America. On the front you
1517
20:17:48,068 --> 20:17:50,504
the Bird Collective. Youom
1518
20:17:50,571 --> 20:17:53,373
these flash cards. Now,ting
1519
20:17:53,440 --> 20:17:55,676
well, what do you do with
1520
20:17:56,677 --> 20:17:58,979
you play concentration with
1521
20:17:59,046 --> 20:18:01,381
You can learn about them.
1522
20:18:01,748 --> 20:18:03,951
and take them. And like the
1523
20:18:04,017 --> 20:18:06,587
tells you about them. These
1524
20:18:06,653 --> 20:18:08,856
month. You have the, $20 a
1525
20:18:08,922 --> 20:18:11,792
really fantastic binoculars
1526
20:18:11,859 --> 20:18:14,328
as well as the field guide.
1527
20:18:15,596 --> 20:18:18,165
in either online or calling
1528
20:18:18,999 --> 20:18:21,435
because they want the tote,
1529
20:18:21,502 --> 20:18:23,837
cards. They also want the
1530
20:18:24,438 --> 20:18:26,773
This can be yours. Butuide.
1531
20:18:26,840 --> 20:18:29,309
give us a call atin.org. Or
1532
20:18:32,112 --> 20:18:34,114
>> I'm Eric Greiling,
1533
20:18:34,848 --> 20:18:37,317
Wisconsin. If you're not a
1534
20:18:37,651 --> 20:18:39,987
great gifts you can share
1535
20:18:40,988 --> 20:18:43,457
So make that call. Now,is.
1536
20:18:44,224 --> 20:18:46,627
unique ways for us to say
1537
20:18:46,693 --> 20:18:49,263
to keep these wonderfulart
1538
20:18:49,963 --> 20:18:52,032
a birder, if you spend aare
1539
20:18:52,099 --> 20:18:54,668
being fascinated by birds,
1540
20:18:55,102 --> 20:18:57,671
value this program as well,
1541
20:18:58,205 --> 20:19:00,541
closer to birds than most
1542
20:19:01,074 --> 20:19:03,076
takes us to birds ofIt
1543
20:19:04,044 --> 20:19:06,380
tells us more about thet
1544
20:19:06,446 --> 20:19:08,582
the why of what they do,
1545
20:19:10,050 --> 20:19:12,519
everything. We loves with
1546
20:19:13,020 --> 20:19:15,489
this that really open us up
1547
20:19:15,889 --> 20:19:18,358
it's possible because ofd
1548
20:19:21,261 --> 20:19:23,497
code on your screen or QR
1549
20:19:23,964 --> 20:19:26,633
pbswisconsin.org or please
1550
20:19:26,700 --> 20:19:29,503
1-800-236-3636.right now at
1551
20:19:33,207 --> 20:19:35,676
Lamb, who is the volunteer
1552
20:19:36,343 --> 20:19:38,579
and also in real life, an
1553
20:19:40,280 --> 20:19:42,616
said to him earlier, Ias I
1554
20:19:43,183 --> 20:19:45,552
the word is not avid. It'sy
1555
20:19:45,619 --> 20:19:47,754
birders are, are, aree
1556
20:19:48,922 --> 20:19:51,391
think. Yeah. How long have
1557
20:19:52,059 --> 20:19:54,294
>> About 12 years now. So
1558
20:19:54,661 --> 20:19:55,596
passionate about.very
1559
20:19:55,662 --> 20:19:57,631
>> Yeah.e a newbie then?
1560
20:19:57,698 --> 20:19:59,499
people who've been doingre
1561
20:19:59,566 --> 20:20:01,568
Absolutely. So why..
1562
20:20:04,438 --> 20:20:06,940
know if we have enough time
1563
20:20:07,007 --> 20:20:09,476
>> Fair point, fair point.
1564
20:20:09,877 --> 20:20:12,279
some of the things thatBut
1565
20:20:12,346 --> 20:20:14,481
for me is, I think thely
1566
20:20:15,315 --> 20:20:17,351
you know, anyone can really
1567
20:20:17,417 --> 20:20:19,753
are great, but those ares
1568
20:20:22,389 --> 20:20:24,958
the experience. But, youce
1569
20:20:25,726 --> 20:20:28,195
with just your underwear.
1570
20:20:28,629 --> 20:20:30,464
your eyes and ears.need
1571
20:20:30,531 --> 20:20:33,166
winter. I'm just thinking
1572
20:20:33,233 --> 20:20:35,869
yeah, okay. I get the idea.
1573
20:20:35,936 --> 20:20:38,038
>> But it's a very.ah.
1574
20:20:38,105 --> 20:20:40,174
actually I don't, I'm sure
1575
20:20:40,240 --> 20:20:42,676
legal either to bird. Yeah,
1576
20:20:42,743 --> 20:20:44,945
>> So maybe don't do that.
1577
20:20:45,012 --> 20:20:47,481
to be doing that. But theng
1578
20:20:47,915 --> 20:20:50,117
do it in garb of theircan
1579
20:20:50,184 --> 20:20:52,286
Yeah. So and anything Yeah.
1580
20:20:52,352 --> 20:20:54,922
us at 1-800-236-3636 andll
1581
20:20:57,391 --> 20:21:00,060
for this terrific program.t
1582
20:21:01,662 --> 20:21:03,797
accessible for you, no
1583
20:21:04,198 --> 20:21:06,533
go wear while you'rese to
1584
20:21:07,868 --> 20:21:10,337
month or $144 the option of
1585
20:21:12,172 --> 20:21:14,741
is wonderful, or with thech
1586
20:21:16,143 --> 20:21:18,278
the flash cards at $20 a
1587
20:21:18,979 --> 20:21:21,448
you can get theseone time,
1588
20:21:22,916 --> 20:21:25,652
guide together. And again,
1589
20:21:25,719 --> 20:21:27,955
binoculars so that they
1590
20:21:29,423 --> 20:21:31,992
you don't really need them.
1591
20:21:32,893 --> 20:21:35,229
get older, it reallyas we
1592
20:21:35,896 --> 20:21:38,131
$30 a month, you can have
1593
20:21:38,966 --> 20:21:41,001
things. You can get the
1594
20:21:41,068 --> 20:21:43,437
cards, binoculars and the
1595
20:21:43,504 --> 20:21:46,039
at every level you pledge,
1596
20:21:46,106 --> 20:21:48,709
magazine. This is tells you
1597
20:21:48,775 --> 20:21:51,011
airwaves so you can plan
1598
20:21:52,045 --> 20:21:54,281
calendar. So you can see
1599
20:21:54,615 --> 20:21:56,750
new shows so you can see
1600
20:21:57,584 --> 20:22:00,153
plan your viewing. The most
1601
20:22:00,687 --> 20:22:03,257
quality program that's for
1602
20:22:03,590 --> 20:22:05,926
support us. Easy to do. Go
1603
20:22:07,094 --> 20:22:09,429
or give us a call. The.org
1604
20:22:10,364 --> 20:22:12,933
waiting for you atting here
1605
20:22:15,702 --> 20:22:17,905
>> Here at PBS Wisconsin,
1606
20:22:17,971 --> 20:22:20,307
around the world. We love
1607
20:22:21,708 --> 20:22:24,278
probably won't ever get to.
1608
20:22:24,912 --> 20:22:27,681
places that might inspireto
1609
20:22:27,748 --> 20:22:30,083
And that can be all around
1610
20:22:31,451 --> 20:22:33,787
right here in Wisconsin. So
1611
20:22:33,854 --> 20:22:36,523
like, like James and Benity,
1612
20:22:37,424 --> 20:22:39,993
Wisconsin programs we make
1613
20:22:40,460 --> 20:22:43,197
takes us all over the place.
1614
20:22:43,263 --> 20:22:45,933
on making programs aboutcus
1615
20:22:47,501 --> 20:22:49,837
that we can all enjoy. And
1616
20:22:51,271 --> 20:22:53,740
us to places that are harde
1617
20:22:54,074 --> 20:22:56,743
programs take us to really
1618
20:22:56,810 --> 20:22:59,379
hope that inspires you todo
1619
20:22:59,847 --> 20:23:02,316
and experience it forand,
1620
20:23:03,750 --> 20:23:06,320
from people who just aren't
1621
20:23:06,687 --> 20:23:09,156
to do that anymore. And wee
1622
20:23:10,557 --> 20:23:12,893
them to experience these
1623
20:23:14,261 --> 20:23:16,730
for the first time. And you
1624
20:23:17,831 --> 20:23:20,400
you become a member, whenen
1625
20:23:20,767 --> 20:23:23,003
sustaining gifts. So please
1626
20:23:23,070 --> 20:23:25,405
or give us a call at online
1627
20:23:29,176 --> 20:23:31,411
>> So we're back with Ben
1628
20:23:31,912 --> 20:23:34,481
expert here. So you've been
1629
20:23:34,948 --> 20:23:36,884
said, how did you getHe
1630
20:23:36,950 --> 20:23:39,186
>> Yeah. So I originally
1631
20:23:39,620 --> 20:23:41,955
fisheries biology. I was
1632
20:23:42,389 --> 20:23:44,291
happened to do a very
1633
20:23:45,392 --> 20:23:47,628
were bird banding. So we
1634
20:23:48,262 --> 20:23:50,464
tags on them, releasing
1635
20:23:50,531 --> 20:23:53,000
fell in love with them.ust
1636
20:23:53,500 --> 20:23:55,502
>> Here in Wisconsin.
1637
20:23:56,436 --> 20:23:59,006
>> Well, that's. Yeah. Okay.
1638
20:23:59,072 --> 20:24:01,275
>> Yeah. But it was, it was
1639
20:24:01,341 --> 20:24:03,677
your hand. It really just
1640
20:24:04,077 --> 20:24:06,146
perspective. I went from a
1641
20:24:06,213 --> 20:24:08,682
but it really turned me to,
1642
20:24:09,082 --> 20:24:11,318
>> So if you're not a fish
1643
20:24:12,853 --> 20:24:14,988
guy, but you want to getd
1644
20:24:15,055 --> 20:24:17,157
way to get started? best
1645
20:24:17,224 --> 20:24:19,359
question. So one of the
1646
20:24:20,027 --> 20:24:22,229
new birders do is one, get
1647
20:24:22,296 --> 20:24:24,865
a book, whether it's an app.
1648
20:24:25,232 --> 20:24:27,367
with the phones. The Merlin
1649
20:24:27,434 --> 20:24:29,670
identify birds.lp you
1650
20:24:29,736 --> 20:24:32,172
>> Yeah. The other thing I
1651
20:24:32,239 --> 20:24:34,474
and join a group groups.
1652
20:24:36,743 --> 20:24:39,079
That's one of the mostng.
1653
20:24:39,413 --> 20:24:41,548
about birding is the me
1654
20:24:41,915 --> 20:24:44,117
learn so much from other
1655
20:24:44,184 --> 20:24:46,153
>> Not know elsewhere. The
1656
20:24:46,220 --> 20:24:49,156
critical for so many things,
1657
20:24:49,223 --> 20:24:51,658
people who support PBSy of
1658
20:24:51,725 --> 20:24:53,861
like you to join thisld
1659
20:24:54,194 --> 20:24:56,663
your neighbors, join your
1660
20:24:57,531 --> 20:24:59,867
to PBS Wisconsin for this
1661
20:25:00,901 --> 20:25:03,070
programs you love at one
1662
20:25:03,136 --> 20:25:05,706
six, three, six.ix, three,
1663
20:25:06,039 --> 20:25:08,609
identify the different you
1664
20:25:08,675 --> 20:25:11,011
option with the tote bag,
1665
20:25:11,845 --> 20:25:14,114
I was going through themds.
1666
20:25:14,181 --> 20:25:16,517
woodpecker. And this isd
1667
20:25:17,050 --> 20:25:19,820
who I hear constantly going
1668
20:25:19,887 --> 20:25:22,022
our 2 to 300 year old oak
1669
20:25:23,590 --> 20:25:25,926
it here and now I know what
1670
20:25:27,494 --> 20:25:29,763
know its voice and itsow
1671
20:25:29,830 --> 20:25:32,165
cards. At $20 a month, you
1672
20:25:33,066 --> 20:25:35,169
the field guide. Benlars in
1673
20:25:35,235 --> 20:25:37,604
guide, and I really field
1674
20:25:37,671 --> 20:25:40,207
tells you about theuse it
1675
20:25:40,274 --> 20:25:42,843
bellied woodpecker common
1676
20:25:43,177 --> 20:25:45,646
talks about this. And this
1677
20:25:46,013 --> 20:25:48,482
need. But it's also, I say,
1678
20:25:49,283 --> 20:25:51,752
help. They really do help,
1679
20:25:52,886 --> 20:25:55,122
proof ones. So you can go
1680
20:25:56,123 --> 20:25:58,625
birds through the different
1681
20:25:58,692 --> 20:26:01,161
you have the option ofnth,
1682
20:26:01,728 --> 20:26:04,331
bag and of course the flash
1683
20:26:04,398 --> 20:26:06,867
as well as these wonderful
1684
20:26:07,267 --> 20:26:08,936
important thing you'rest
1685
20:26:09,002 --> 20:26:11,371
program. You can choose to
1686
20:26:11,438 --> 20:26:14,007
gifts, or you can justk you
1687
20:26:14,074 --> 20:26:16,877
my membership now, or Ienew
1688
20:26:16,944 --> 20:26:19,513
Very easy to do. Our member.
1689
20:26:19,580 --> 20:26:20,848
They're giving of theirl.
1690
20:26:20,914 --> 20:26:22,916
give us a callo you. So
1691
20:26:25,519 --> 20:26:27,621
>> You know, it's been
1692
20:26:27,688 --> 20:26:29,489
Thank you so. with you, Ben.
1693
20:26:29,556 --> 20:26:31,692
>> For having me. Well, the
1694
20:26:31,758 --> 20:26:34,328
Wisconsin is, is learning.
1695
20:26:35,329 --> 20:26:37,931
nature and that's what you
1696
20:26:37,998 --> 20:26:40,467
in addition to the birding
1697
20:26:40,801 --> 20:26:42,870
Wisconsin. So think aboutS
1698
20:26:42,936 --> 20:26:45,405
this program, all thefrom
1699
20:26:45,839 --> 20:26:48,475
Wisconsin. And, and justS
1700
20:26:48,542 --> 20:26:51,111
and say, that was worth it.
1701
20:26:51,178 --> 20:26:53,280
a difference. This ist made
1702
20:26:53,347 --> 20:26:55,849
insult me. It respected me.
1703
20:26:55,916 --> 20:26:58,151
support. So call us atan
1704
20:27:01,088 --> 20:27:01,922
"Nature" is made possible
in part by...
1705
20:27:01,989 --> 20:27:03,657
1-800-236-3636.
1706
20:27:47,634 --> 20:27:49,870
...committed to bridging
cultural differences
1707
20:27:49,937 --> 20:27:51,839
in our communities.
1708
20:27:59,213 --> 20:28:02,683
"Nature"
is also made possible by...
1709
20:28:05,652 --> 20:28:08,589
...and by contributions
to your PBS station
1710
20:28:08,655 --> 20:28:10,791
from viewers like you.
1711
20:29:00,807 --> 20:29:02,342
?
1712
20:29:02,409 --> 20:29:03,510
O0 C1You're watching PBS.
1713
20:29:03,577 --> 20:29:05,245
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