AFFECTING AMERICANS IS
ADEQUATE? MARY: I THINK IT
IS, BUT I THINK
CTERIZED. WE ONLY
LOOK AT THE PUBLISHED
CYMAKERS AT THE
BROADENED THEIR
LENS OVER 20
YEARS. IMPORTANT,
THE RESERVE BANKS --
THE
-- MOST OF OUR JOBS ARE
THE FIELD,
SO TO
SPEAK, TALKING TO COMMUNITIES AND
BUSINESSES OF ALL SIZES.
WHAT I HEAR FROM
-- WHAT I HEAR
STILL THE
NUMBER PEOPLE
ARE FACING. PING
FOR AND WHAT WE ARE TRYING TO ACCOMPLISH
IS
BRINGING INFLATION DOWN, VING THEM BACK
THAT 2%
PRICE AND DOING
IT IN A WAY
ECONOMY DONE
WITH OF
THE HOLE
THAT INFLATION
COST, AND THEY
JUST WANT
AN OPPORTUNITY TO DO THAT
. GEOFF:
WHY DO
YOU THINK
HAS BEEN SO STICKY
MONTHS AFTER
ON THAT MARY: IT''S
A GREAT QUESTION
AND EVERYONE IS ASKING.
CTATION I HAD IS
INFLATION WOULD BE LUMPY ON
THE DOWN AND
IT HAS BEEN.
THE EARLY PART OF THIS
YEAR, THERE
WERE CONCERNS IT
WAS RE-ACCELERATING, BUT IF YOU
UNPACK INFLATION, YOU
SEE MORE
BEEN SECURE,
COMING DOWN, BUT THEN THEY
REVERSED. THE PATTERN
BEFORE I
EXPECT THEY WILL
CONTINUE.
E DO
WITH MY TEAMS IS THE FUNDAMENTALS.
WHAT ARE THE FUNDAMENTAL
OF THE
ECONOMY THAT
DRIVE INFLATION?
BIGGEST ONE IS SUPPLY AND
RIGHT NOW, SUPPLY AND DEMAND
BE
IN BETTER BALANCE.
THAT''S
TRUE IN THE GOODS
MARKET LABOR MARKET, AND THAT
MATELY PUTS DOWNWARD
ON INFLATION.
HINGS YOU HAVE TO TO TO PROJECT
HOW I
NFLATION OU KNOW, MONETARY
POLICY LEGS.
IF WE ARE ONLY
LOOKING AT THE
MANY ECONOMISTS
THINK
SWEEPING POLICIES
COULD KICKSTART
DOES THE AWARENESS OF HIS PLANS
DECISION-MAKING OF OFFICIALS
AS YOU THINK ABOUT
YOU ARE GOING
TO CUT RATES ?
GARY: THE FIRST
THING TO
ABOUT THE FED AND
DO NOT DEAL IN SPECULATION.
IN FACTS
AND DATA AND
THE
PRESIDENT-ELECT HAS NOT EVEN
IS
JUST RIGHT
TO LET HIM COME INTO , WORK WITH HIS
TEAM, PROPOSED THE
WHOLE SLATE OF HE HAS IN
MIND
LIKE ANY INCOMING
RT UNDERSTAND
BETTER IMPACT IT WILL
HAVE ON THE
I THINK OUT OF DUE RESPECT, IT
JUST A LOT OF SPECULATION
NOW. AGAIN, POLICY
IS NOT MADE ON
ACTUAL
PROJECTIONS
GEOFF: DONALD TRUMP ALSO
FREQUENTLY -- ACKNOWLEDGE HOW
SURE CAME PUBLICLY ON
IA BUT ALSO PRIVATELY. WHAT ARE
YOU THAT''S WHAT
ON THE FED COULD FACE IN
A
MARY: ONE OF THE
THINGS THAT
IS URE YOU
IS TO DO
YOUR WORK WELL.
TO WHAT WE
HAVE ALWAYS
ARE THE SAME
WHAT
LACE, AND
HAVE HAD A
HISTORY OF BEING
IMATELY, THE
IS IMPORTANT
TO EVERY
AMERICAN, AND THAT
IS WHAT AGAIN, RESTORING PRICE
STABILITY
BE TOP OF
OUR LIST, A WAY THAT
NECESSARILY
SLOW THE OR
MARKET --
IS ULTIMATELY WHAT
WANT, AND I
FEEL OUR WORK
WILL HAVE GOOD
S WITH
WHOEVER WE PUBLIC SECTOR.
GEOFF: MARY
DALY, PRESIDENT
AND
THE RESERVE BANK OF SAN
FRANCISCO, THANKS
FOR BEING
WITH THANK YOU.
AMNA: WE
WILL BE BACK SHORTLY
N EFFORT TO EAGLE THE NATIONAL
BUT FIRST, TAKE
A MOMENT HEAR
FROM >> Hi, I'm
Malcolm Brett.Welcome to the studios at
PBSWisconsin. We're taking just ashort break
in the NewsHour to talk
to you about the importanceof y our
role in making PBSWisconsin possible
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I'm amember of the staff here at
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. Please do it now
.[MUSIC] GEOFF:
FINALLY TONIGHT, WE
TAKE AT
WHAT OF
AMERICA''S MOST REVERED SYMBOLS.
THE
NATIONAL SEAL
AND WIDESPREAD ASSUMPTION, THE
BALD EAGLE HAS FFICIALLY DESIGNATED
U.S. NATIONAL BIRD. OUR JOHN YANG
HAS THIS
REPORT ON TO CHANGE THAT AND
ATTERS. JOHN: ALONG THE MISSISSIPPI
OR
SOUTH OF D
EAGLE FLIES WATER SEARCHING
PREY. THIS AREA IS HOME TO MORE
THAN
NESTING PAIRS OF BALD
EAGLES, HIGHEST
E COUNTRY. IT''S WHY
TINY WAUKESHA,
IS CALLED THE
EAGLE
COULD NOT LOVE THAT BIG, MASSIVE BEAK,
THE YELLOW FEET,
THE BLACK TALONS.
AWE-INSPIRING.
T THE
NATIONAL
CENTER .
GET --
FEET
ENTIRELY STATELESS
PEOPLE
CAN LEARN ALL
ABOUT THE
ITS
SIZE, DIET, AND
HABITAT TO
ITS CENTRAL
PLACE IN ND
CULTURE .
A TROVE
OF THE CENTER''S EAGLE
DONATED BY A
STATE INVESTOR
>> I WAS ASKING AND
ORNITHOLOGIST FRIEND
OF MINE SEES WHEN
HE
EAGLE. SEE AN EAGLE.
WHEN AN AMERICAN
SEES AN EAGLE,
SEE SOMETHING
A LITTLE
WE SEE THE FREEDOM, THE
LIBERTY, INDEPENDENCE, THE POWER.
EE ALL THOSE THINGS IN THIS
.
>>
OBSESSION IS PROBABLY A GOOD
T I HAVE DONE
. THE BRASS
ITARY
A YOUNG MAN.
NOW HIS COLLECTION HAS MORE THAN 40,000
ITEMS FILLING FLOOR TO
SHELVES NEXT DOOR TO THE NTER.
>> I NEVER TIRE
LOOKING FOR
S. OVER
. I''M IN ARE
CONTINUALLY. >>
AROUND 2010
WHEN HE WAS DOING
TO NAIL DOWN WHEN THE
EAGLE BECAME THE
NATIONAL U.S. BIRD AND FOUND
THAT
IT REALLY WAS NOT.
AT THE NATIONAL
HIS
FINDING. THE SECOND CONTINENTAL
CONGRESS THE BALD EAGLE
ON THE NATIONAL SEAL
IN 1782, BUT THERE R
BEEN AT
LAW OR
ATING IT .
SO COOK DRAFTED LEGISLATION TO
DO JUST THAT. TO MINNESOTA
SENATOR KLOBUCHAR AND
REPRESENTATIVE VE, WHOSE DISTRICT
INCLUDES THE CITY.
>> IT DOES MATTER. IT A LITTLE HIGHER
STATUS. >> THE SENATE PASSED A BILL
WITHOUT OPPOSITION. IT IS APPROVED BY
THE LAME-DUCK
T BIDEN SIGNS IT, THE EAGLE
JOINTLY ROSE AS
AL FLOWER, THE OAK
THE NATIONAL
TREE, AND THE
MAL. >>
THE EAGLE
HAS TWO WINGS,
LEFT A
BODY REPRESENTS
ALL
OF OUR NEEDS.
>> HE SAYS IT IS
IMPORTANT TO AMERICA
ABOUT
SOON-TO-BE OFFICIAL BIRD.
AN OPPORTUNITY FOR PEOPLE BE
AWARE OF THIS BIRD
THAT ITS RECOGNITION.
S THE COOL PART, THAT
E HERE
AND
SMALL HAS THAT
SOMETHING REALLY, TO SET THE WORLD
STRAIGHT. THE BALD EAGLE YES IS OUR
TIONS SIMPLE
, BUT IT WAS
NOT ''S BIRD.
JOHN: UNTIL NOW.
HER "PBS NEWS HOUR,"
I''M JOHN AMNA:
REMEMBER, THERE''S A
LOT ONLINE
INCLUDING A
STORY LOUIS BECOMING
THE MMEND
GEOFF:
THAT IS "THE NEWSHOUR"
THANK YOU FOR JOINING US.
>> MAJOR
FUNDING FOR "THE PBS HOUR"
HAS BEEN
PROVIDED BY
OF
THESE UTIONS,
AND FRIENDS
OF "THE
NEWS HOUR"
BILDN ER
AND THE ROB AND VIRGINIA
ER FOUNDATION
, THE
FORD FOUNDATION, WORKING WITH
ONARIES ON THE
FRONTLINE OF SOCIAL
CHANGE WORLDWIDE, AND THE
ONGOING SUPPORT
OF
INSTITUTIONS.♪
>> THIS
PROGRAM WAS MADE
POSSIBLE BY THE CORPORATION FOR
IC BROADCASTING AND B Y
YOUR
PBS E
YOU.
[CAPTIONING PERFORMED BY THE NATIONAL CAPTIONING INSTITUTE,
WHICH IS RESPONSIBLE FOR ITSCAPTION CONTENT AND ACCURACY.]
♪
Program support for PBS Wiscon
sin
is provided by...
Legacy Private Trust Company
is dedicated to helping clients
build a legacy
by providing distinguished, pe
rsonalized wealth management,
trust, and family office se
rvices
throughout Wisconsin and the
US.
More at lptrust.com.
) ♪
ATTENBOROUGH: I've recorded
many songs of the natural world
over the years.
Just listen to this.
And I've learned that there is,
perhaps surprisingly,
no scientific definition of son
g.
[ Bird singing ]
And there are some songs that i
t's impossible for me
to imagine life without.
But this avian choir does not
sing for us.
What we hear is not what the
bird hears.
Birds live on a different ti
mescale,
and they can hear details in t
heir song
that are impossible for us t
o hear.
It was the ability to take re
corded sound
and then turn it into a visual
picture
that enabled us to analyze t
hat sound
and reveal its full complexity
.
DALZIELL: It's extremely excit
ing.
And it really forces us to r
econsider
what we think of as song.
KREBS: Our understanding of song
is continually developing.
ATTENBOROUGH: How exciting it is
to think of the discoveries
that are about to be made.
[ Bird singing ]
♪
) "Nature" is made possible
in part by...
...committed to bridging cu
ltural differences
in our communities.
Funding for this episode wa
s provided by...
"Nature" is also made possi
ble by...
...and by contributions to
your PBS station
from viewers like you.
) [ Birds singing ]
[ Singing continues ]
ATTENBOROUGH: On a clear spring m
orning like this,
the dawn chorus is at its peak
.
[ Singing continues ]
There are surely few more ench
anting natural soundscapes
than this.
[ Singing continues ]
But this avian choir does not
sing for us.
[ Singing continues ]
These are songs of seduction..
.
and weapons of war.
Males are defending territories
and attracting mates.
[ Birds singing ]
Singing is dangerous.
[ Singing continues ]
It reveals the bird's location
to predators.
But it also offers a huge rewar
d --
the chance to attract a female
and pass on genes to the next
generation.
That, Charles Darwin said, is
why song evolved.
[ Singing continues ]
It was an example of what he c
alled sexual selection.
[ Singing continues ]
But today, new discoveries are
transforming
those long-held ideas.
For this program, I have chosen
some of my favorite recordings
from the natural world
that have revolutionized our un
derstanding of song.
♪
There are seven recordings of it
that have particular interest f
or me.
Some are lovely, some are surpr
ising,
and one almost broke my heart.
But all of them broke new grou
nd.
[ Birds singing ]
I've recorded many sounds of the
natural world over the years,
and I've learnt that there is,
perhaps surprisingly,
no scientific definition of
song.
♪
We tend to use the word to d
escribe sounds that seem,
to our ears, beautiful.
[ Birds singing ]
It is, in truth, a somewhat whi
msical label.
But it has been attached to some
of nature's greatest marvels.
Just listen to this.
[ Whales singing ]
♪
[ Singing continues ]
♪
Each of my seven chosen songs
was recorded in my lifetime.
[ Bird singing ]
The oldest was made when I w
as 5,
the most recent, just a few yea
rs ago.
[ Birds singing ]
None is closer to my heart th
an the first one,
which I made back in 1960.
[ Laughs ]
[ Indris singing ]
♪
Recording audio in the field
in remote parts of the world
was almost unheard of.
There was certainly no money in
the BBC budget
for a sound recordist.
But I did manage to get hold
of a very rare thing indeed,
a battery-driven portable tape
recorder,
so that I could record sound
s myself.
♪
It was a cumbersome piece of
kit,
but cutting-edge at the time,
and I was determined to use it
to record a singer
that no one had ever recorde
d before --
Madagascar's largest lemur,
the indri.
[ Birds chirping ]
[ Indris singing ]
This noise was no bird call.
I had never heard anything like
it before.
It must be the voice of the i
ndris.
[ Singing continues ]
Using my new equipment,
I made the first-ever audio
recording of the indri.
[ Singing continues ]
But could we also capture them
on camera, as well?
The song was so loud that it se
emed impossible
that the animals could be more
than 20 or 30 yards away.
But where were they?
[ Singing continues ]
Until now,
no one had even managed to p
hotograph a living one.
let alone film it.
Infuriatingly, the bush was s
o thick
that I could see no sign of them
whatever.
[ Singing continues ]
So, the question was, how co
uld we get close enough
to get a clear view of them wi
thout frightening them?
Well, I thought, "What about
doing it the other way around
and trying to persuade them
to get closer to us by playing
their calls?"
[ Birds chirping ]
[ Indris singing ]
And they did exactly what I h
oped they would do.
[ Indris singing ]
They called in return, came d
own close to us,
stared at us, still calling.
[ Singing continues ]
I was thrilled.
We had recorded their song an
dfilmed them singing.
[ Singing continues ]
But why had this trick worked?
[ Singing continues ]
Well, because they thought th
at the song I was playing
meant a competitor was close by.
And their response was to sing
.
[ Indris singing ]
And this suggested one thing -
-
there are such things as bat
tle songs...
[ Singing continues ]
...songs that say, "Get out,
this is my territory."
[ Singing continues ]
♪
It seemed to be a clear exampl
e
of Darwin's theory of sexual
selection --
a male singing to defend his br
eeding patch.
But this was still just guess
work.
We suspected that songs could
be weapons of war.
But it was the next recording
that proved it.
♪
[ Great tit singing ]
This is the song of a male grea
t tit,
a call, a very simple song.
[ Singing continues ]
It was recorded by a scientist
who's been a pioneer in under
standing animal song --
Professor John Krebs.
He was the one who proved for
the first time
exactly why my playback trick
in Madagascar had worked.
♪
[ Birds chirping ]
Spring 1975.
[ Chirping continues ]
Back then, John was a young lec
turer
at the University of Oxford,
researching the birds in woo
dland
just outside the city.
First he plotted the territories
of all the pairs of great tit
s.
Next, he recorded the songs of
the males.
[ Great tit singing ]
Female great tits do not sing.
KREBS: Then, on a particular
morning in February,
I came out with mist nets to c
atch the birds,
and I caught all the pairs of
birds that were in the wood.
ATTENBOROUGH: Now there were
no great tits,
just empty great tit territor
ies.
In some, John replaced the gr
eat tits with loud speakers
that played the sounds of the
birds
that he'd temporarily removed.
[ Great tit singing ]
If the song was a "keep out" s
ignal,
then new great tits would av
oid these patches.
[ Singing continues ]
Other territories were left sile
nt.
No speakers, no great tit s
ong.
New great tits should realize
these spaces were empty and
available
and settle there quickly.
[ Great tit singing ]
But how would John know that
it was due to a great tit song
that newcomers had been deter
red?
Perhaps any sound would have h
ad the same effect.
So in some territories he played
a recording of a tin whistle.
[ Tin whistle playing ]
He could have chosen anything,
as long as it sounded nothing
like a great tit.
KREBS: And then I watched to s
ee what happened.
And new birds came into the wood
because this is a prime bree
ding area,
so birds love to come here t
o breed.
♪
ATTENBOROUGH: John discovered
that the first territories
that were taken were the sil
ent territories
and the ones with the tin whi
stle.
Crucially, the territories in
which the great tit song
was played remained empty of n
ew great tits.
KREBS: By looking at the detail
of that pattern of settling,
I was able to show, experime
ntally,
that songisan effective "k
eep out" signal.
[ Great tit singing ]
ATTENBOROUGH: Professor Krebs'
predictions were exactly right.
The song was a "keep out" signal
to other great tits.
[ Great tit singing ]
For the very first time, there
was scientific evidence
that song was being used to int
imidate rivals,
just as I had seen with the i
ndris
in Madagascar in the '60s.
How astonishing that it was o
nly in 1975
that this was proved for the
first time.
The song of the great tit had ma
de history.
♪
[ Great tit singing ]
[ Birds singing ]
Open a window in spring,
and these are the singers that
serenade us...
[ Singing continues ]
...songbirds.
They make up about half of t
he 10,000 species of birds
in the world.
Five of my seven songs are sung
by them.
[ Singing continues ]
Birds have the most advanced
vocal organs
in the entire natural world.
We have our voice box at the
top of our windpipe.
But their equivalent is at the
base of theirs.
It's an organ called a syrinx.
They're the only creatures on
Earth to have one of these.
And the syrinx of the songbird
is the most complex of them all.
As breath passes through it,
muscles contract and vibrate,
creating the sounds we call son
g.
It can produce different notes
from the left and the right
sides simultaneously.
[ Bird singing ]
It's like having two voice boxes
that can operate at the same ti
me.
[ Birds singing ]
So this is how songbirds
can perform such unparalleled
feats of vocal gymnastics.
But working out why they do,
is far more complex.
[ Singing continues ]
Each note lasts just a tiny
moment and then disappears.
[ Singing continues ]
That presents anyone who wants
to study it with a problem.
[ Birds singing ]
But there are two relatively re
cent inventions
that have helped us to capture
songs.
It was with a gun mic like t
his --
inside its windshield --
that John Krebs caught the fle
eting sound
of the great tit.
But it was the ability to take
that recorded sound
and then turn it into a visual
picture
that enabled us to analyze t
hat sound
and reveal its full complexity
.
[ Great tit singing ]
This is an animation of the male
great tit's song,
generated by a machine called
a spectrograph.
[ Great tit singing ]
It changes the song into an
image
that's possible to read.
Slowed down, we can see that t
he great tit's song
is relatively simple.
[ Great tit singing ]
It's composed of two notes,
one high and one low, repeated
.
[ Great tit singing ]
What we hear is very similar
to what we can see on the spe
ctrograph.
But compare that to the song of
the male wren.
[ Wren singing ]
What we hear is not what the
bird hears.
Birds live on a different time
scale,
at a different pace from us.
And they can hear details in t
heir song
that are impossible for us t
o hear.
It's only when we use a spec
trogram
that these details are revealed.
A trill...
[ Trill plays ]
...a connecting note...
[ Note plays ]
...another trill...
[ Trill plays ]
...and then a rapid burst of t
rills at the end.
[ Trills playing ]
Now we can see that there are,
perhaps, a hundred notes or more
in a song that may last only
a few seconds.
[ Wren singing ]
[ Bird singing ]
[ Singing continues ]
What the spectrograms show ar
e these songs
are far more complicated and co
mplex
than we could possibly have i
magined.
But why complicate things so?
The calls of the indri and the
great tit
work perfectly well.
The answer, of course, is sex.
♪
[ Birds singing ]
♪
That is the reason why so many
birds
have such complex mating songs
.
[ Singing continues ]
Females seem to prefer them.
The more intricate and detailed
the song is,
the better the male's chances.
[ Singing continues ]
And my third song helps to exp
lain why.
♪
[ Nightingale singing ]
It's a recording of a nightinga
le
that is my next chosen song.
[ Nightingale singing ]
This is a male singing for a
mate.
[ Singing continues ]
Just as with the great tit,
the females do not sing.
But they are the ones the ma
les are singing for.
So, why do they prefer more c
omplex songs?
[ Nightingale singing ]
♪
It's a question that has puzzled
scientists for centuries.
♪
Charles Darwin's answer was
that the females
have an aesthetic sense.
After all, human beings appr
eciate beauty.
Why shouldn't other animals
do so, too?
♪
But the question Darwin didn
't answer was,
whyshould the females have
an aesthetic sense?
Here on the streets of Berlin,
we might just find the answer.
[ Birds singing ]
Spring attracts over 2,000 ni
ghtingales
to this city each year.
They flock to Berlin because
it's filled with green space,
much of which has been left
untamed.
And it's these wild places th
at they love.
[ Nightingales singing ]
In one of its most popular pa
rks -- a male nightingale.
[ Nightingale singing ]
He, like the other males,
arrived from Africa a few we
eks ago
and has spent his time singing
to defend a breeding patch.
[ Nightingale singing ]
But tonight, when the lights go
out, he will change his tune...
because the females have arr
ived.
[ Nightingale singing ]
Nightingales migrate at night.
And when the females fly in
under cover of dark,
they are met with songs of sedu
ction.
[ Nightingales singing ]
Dr. Conny Landgraf made our r
ecording
of the nightingale's song.
[ Nightingale singing ]
LANDGRAF: So, right now there'
s one male.
No. There is a second male
So, it's already two males in
a vocal contest.
[ Singing continues ]
What the females do is that they
do not take the first male
that comes their way,
but they prospect and inspect
different male territories.
And this is like a speed-datin
g
that is actually going on in t
he middle of the night.
[ Singing continues ]
ATTENBOROUGH: Each male sing
s his heart out.
And the females listen.
[ Ding! ] Time's up.
What does the next potential
mate sound like?
[ Ding! ] Time's up again.
Does the next one have a bette
r song?
[ Nightingale singing ]
[ Ding! ]
[ Nightingale singing ]
[ Ding! ] Nightingales have ex
tremely
large song repertoires, up to
250 songs.
LANDGRAF: And also they are abl
e to produce
really challenging syllables
and phrases,
thinking of trill or buzz elemen
ts.
So, these are very fast, repeat
ed single notes.
So, this is remarkable.
ATTENBOROUGH: The more compl
ex his song,
the more beautiful it seems t
o the female.
But why?
Does the female have an aesth
etic sense,
as Darwin suggested?
Conny and her team set up an e
xperiment to find out.
First, they recorded males si
nging
at the beginning of spring.
Then they set up cameras to rec
ord nightingale nests
later in the season.
♪
Male nightingales play a crucial
role in feeding chicks.
♪
[ Nightingale singing ]
LANDGRAF: What we found in the
end
was that there was indeed a very
strong correlation
between the song and feeding ra
tes at the nest.
So, it's like a promise that
the males give to the females
to be good fathers.
So, for example, a male could b
e saying,
"Hey, there. I'm a healthy, s
trong man.
"I know this area and all the
best feeding places very well,
so come settle down and mate
with me."
[ Nightingale singing ]
ATTENBOROUGH: Females, Darwi
n said,
chose the males with the mos
t beautiful songs.
And my third recording has de
monstrated why --
better singers are better fat
hers.
[ Nightingale singing ]
Song can be a promise of dev
oted parenthood.
[ Nightingales singing ]
>> The magic of
birds. How
beautiful they are and
absolutely how beautiful the birdsong is. Hi, I'm
MalcolmBrett, we're at the studios ofPBS
Wisconsin , taking a
shortbreak in the program to ask you
to be part of the process thatmakes
PBS Wisconsin programingpossible . This
show with DavidAttenborough is so
fascinating.It's so
riveting . You've gotsomeone
who's a biologist andhistorian and a n
atural teacherand able
to inspire us with hiseasy
way of communicating
.That's what makes programs likethis one.
So special. Not
justabout what they're about
, but how they're done
and how they engage us and bring
us in to a world that maybe we
knew alittle about. Maybe we knew a
lot about. But we can alwayslearn
something new fromprograms like
this. And there'salways a program like this
onPBS Wisconsin. Why ? Becausethere are
people like you who
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ake it possible.That's how
it works. Great programs come from the
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and great members. We
know you're a member of the audience. We hope you're
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, this show would be agreat time to become a membe
r. And with some of
the ways we say thank you, let's go
over toClint. Clint
Walz I'm onstaff here at PBS Wisconsin
.Malcolm's exactly right. This isthe perfect time for you
to become a member of
PBS Wisconsin.When you do, we've got
somegreat, really fun ways of sayingthank
you tonight for a gift of$10 a
month, you'll receive
these 100 flash cards
. Sibley Backyard Birding
flash cards.This is a beautiful
, beautifulset. And I'm going to talk
a lotmore about that a little bit
later. That's yours for a giftof
$10 a month. If you're
ableto make a gift of $15 a
month,not only will you receive theBirding
Flash cards, you'll also receive a PBS Wisconsin
cap. So both of those items
yours for a gift
of just $15 a month. Ifyou're able
to make a gift of$25 a month,
not only will you receive the flash cards and the
cap, you'll also receive a pair of binoculars. These
are not brand
binoculars. They're very,very lightweight
, very sturdy .Perfect
for you to use
whenyou're going birding . Some greatways
of saying thank you
tonight, but it all starts withyour phone
call at one
(800) 236-3636, or go online at
pbswisconsin.org .>> Hi, I'm
Aimee Granger. I'm amember of t he staff
here at PBSWisconsin
throughout its history, nature
has inspired thousands
, millions of viewers through
programs like this.Really good quality
programingthat you
can turn to. We lovenature. We
love David
Attenborough, we love birds.What a
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if you're enjoying this,
pleaseconsider showing your
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in programslike this with your ongoing
support as a sustainer. Clint
mentioned the levels thisevening
and the thank you gifts
that are available at those
levels, but you can give as
asustainer at
any level. Maybe consider
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all at one (800) 236-3636 and pledge
your support over the
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alwayshear from people who tell
us,oh, I
love that program aboutthe jungle
cats.>> I didn't know anything aboutthem
, and now I'm really excited.Or
I was always very interested
in jungle cats . But your
programshowed me something I justdidn't know
. And whether it's jungle cats
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one wayyou can serve your family and
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PBS Wisconsin . We
ask and encourage you to make
that membership gift today .>> And when
you do, we do
havesome wonderful ways of
sayingthank you . Tonight, starting
with the
$10 a month level, you'll receive these
birding flashcards
. Sibley brand Birding
flashcards .
There's 100 of them in here. And they're
reallybeautiful. The artwork is justabsolutely
stunning . And there'sjust
the right amount of information where you can
usethese walk around your favorite
hiking area and
spot the birdsand learn so much about
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the cap as well asthese
Knox binoculars , thesehave a
very, very sturdy feel. A
wonderful blue color with alight
bit of orange on there. So
you won't lose them . Those are
also included at
the $25 level.It's
so easy to do all you haveto
do is pick up the phone andcall
one (800) 236-3636. We've got some wonderful
volunteerswaiting for your call, so goahead,
do that right now. One(800) 236-3636
.>> If you love programs like this and you're doing
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days, the
first app that you'll want todownload
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moreadventures with PBS Passport
. Right
here in Wisconsin , we'relucky enough
to be on the migratory path of
lots of birds .>> And you
know how exciting it is. The
first time you see thathummingbird
, or the
first crane of the season,
or the firstoriole
that has come up for theseason
on Wisconsin
PBSWisconsin nature gives you
thatsense of excitement
, that senseof awe for nature
and theinspiration that these animalsbring
us each and every week.And on
nature, each and every
program. It's about the animalsand it's
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incredible science
behind whothey are and what they
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knowledge that gives you alittle
bit deeper connection to the
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PBS Wisconsin with your ership gift, and with alittle bit
more about our thank you gifts, here's Clint.
That's right. Some
reallygreat ways of saying
thank you tonight for a gift
of just $10 a month, you'll receive the
birding flashcards. There's 100of these
cards, and they'rereally stunning. And beautiful.Great
for birders of all ages,whether
y ou're brand new to
thepractice or if you're an
expertthat just wants to sort of test
your knowledge, these are areally
, really great gift
. Yoursfor a gift of
$10 a month. If
you're able to make a gift of $15 a month,
not only will you receive these great flashcards,
you'll also receive a PBSWisconsin
Cap . It's
in a lovely green color. It's
adjustable ,yours for a
gift of $
15 a month,and finally, if you're
able tomake a gift
of $25 a month, notonly will you
receive theflashcards, you'll als o receive
the caps as well
as some reallywonderful binoculars. We
didsome research online. These are
really high quality and
a reallygreat for those
beginningbirders . So yours for
a gift of$25. But
right now let's go backto Malcolm.
But make that call
at one (800) 236-3636.>> We're
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time, butthere's still plenty of time for
you to make your membership gift.So
when you sit down in front ofyour
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PBS Wisconsin is all aboutenriching our
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l time todo it,
and then we'll get youright back to
the next episodeof
birdsong .[MUSIC]
♪ There are some songs
that it's impossible for me
to imagine life without...
[ Bird singing ]
...songs that accompany our da
ily lives.
It's one of the most characte
ristic sounds
and, to my ears, one of the mos
t delightful
of the English winter --
the song of the robin.
[ Robins singing ]
These are the songs that Cha
rles Darwin
would have listened to as a boy.
And much of our research into s
ong
has centered on British species.
Indeed, for much of the last ce
ntury,
we thought birdsong originated
here, in northern latitudes.
[ Birds singing ]
But what if Darwin had been r
aised
on the other side of the world
?
Would his theories about song
have been different?
[ Birds singing ]
The forests of Australia.
[ Singing continues ]
♪
Here, scientists are in the p
rocess
of changing many of our old ide
as about song.
[ Singing continues ]
They've found fossil and DNA
evidence of early songbirds
which show thatthis,in fac
t, is where song began.
[ Birds singing ]
It was here in Australia
that the ancestors of all son
gbirds first evolved.
[ Birds singing ]
♪
Song number four is from one of
the original songbird's
most remarkable descendants.
And it's one that amazes me
every time I hear it.
[ Superb lyrebird singing ]
It was recorded in the forests
just outside Melbourne.
And was the first time that w
ild birdsong
had ever been broadcast in A
ustralia.
[ Superb lyrebirds singing ]
The song of the lyrebird, in m
y view,
is one of the most complex an
d beautiful
in the whole of the natural w
orld.
And what gives it its complexi
ty,
is the talent that the lyrebird
has for mimicry.
Crimson parrot.
[ Superb lyrebird singing ]
The kookaburra.
[ Superb lyrebird singing ]
The descendants of that lyre
bird, I'm happy to say,
are still singing in those fores
ts.
And I have been lucky enough to
listen to one of them myself.
It was the 1990s when the BB
C series "Life of Birds"
took me to Australia.
♪
I wanted to film a lyrebird
who was the most astounding
mimic.
[ Superb lyrebird singing ]
To persuade females to come
close and admire his plumes,
he sings the most complex song
he can manage,
and he does that by copying th
e songs of all the other birds
he hears around him, such as
the kookaburra.
[ Superb lyrebird singing ]
He can imitate the calls of
at least 20 different species.
[ Singing continues ]
He also, in his attempt to o
ut-sing his rivals,
incorporates other sounds that
he hears in the forest.
[ Superb lyrebird mimicking cl
icking ]
That was a camera shutter.
[ Superb lyrebird singing ]
[ Superb lyrebird mimicking cl
icking ]
And again.
[ Superb lyrebird singing ]
[ Superb lyrebird mimicking cl
icking ]
And now a camera with a motor d
rive.
[ Superb lyrebird mimicking cl
icking, whirring ]
[ Superb lyrebird singing rhyt
hmically ]
And that's a car alarm.
[ Singing continues ]
And now the sounds of foresters
and their chainsaws working
nearby.
[ Superb lyrebird mimicking bu
zzing, clacking ]
Since this remarkable clip wa
s broadcast,
millions of people have watch
ed it online.
But scientists have discovered
a lot more about lyrebird song
since that recording was made.
That particular bird was accu
stomed
to the presence of human bei
ngs nearby.
But much wilder birds produce
something even more fascinating.
♪
Sunrise, Sherbrooke Forest toda
y.
[ Birds singing ]
One voice in the dawn chorus
is louder than any other --
the male lyrebird.
[ Superb lyrebird singing ]
♪
It's the breeding season,
and they're busy trying to attrac
t mates.
♪
[ Superb lyrebird singing ]
Clearing undergrowth from the
forest floor
creates an arena for his mating
display.
[ Singing continues ]
Once the stage is set, the sh
ow can begin.
[ Singing continues ]
It's unlike any other in the
natural world.
[ Singing continues ]
Since I heard this song, scient
ists have analyzed it
and broken it down into parts.
[ Superb lyrebird singing ]
Song A comes first.
[ Singing continues ]
Now, Song B, a loud, low shri
ek
which alternates with Song C,
a quiet, very soft clicking s
ound.
[ Singing continues ]
A female arrives.
♪
But, no, she loses interest.
♪
What he does next will need
to be even more impressive.
[ Birds singing ]
♪
Few have analyzed the grand fi
nale of the male lyrebird song
more intensively than Dr. Anast
asia Dalziell.
She and her team were the firs
t ones to film it properly.
DALZIELL: We thought, "No on
e's gonna believe us
until we've actually filmed it."
It's really not like anything
else that has been described
previously in birds or any o
ther animals.
♪
ATTENBOROUGH: It was by study
ing the recordings
from their remote camera
that the team were able to u
nderstand
the real secret of the male
lyrebird song.
And it is this footage, toge
ther with our own,
that enables us to show this r
emarkable behavior
on television for the first
time.
Having sung Song A, B and C --
and been rejected --
the male now begins Song D.
DALZIELL: So, this final son
g --
it's a sound of a flock of sma
ll birds...
[ Superb lyrebird singing ]
...mobbing reacting to a statio
nary or a hidden predator
like a snake.
And this was totally bizarre.
ATTENBOROUGH: So, why is he
imitating a flock of birds?
[ Singing continues ]
Well, a predator means danger,
so at the sound of an alarm
call, the female freezes.
[ Singing continues ]
The forest is no longer a sa
fe place.
[ Singing continues ]
Now the male takes advantage
of her panic.
He jumps on top of her to mate
.
♪
It's hard for us to see her
under his feathers.
And it's hard for her to see out
from under them.
He is doing everything he can
to disorientate and confuse her.
♪
DALZIELL: The male is actually
telling her a big fib --
"Don't leave me because out
there there's a hidden predator
that you haven't seen."
To put it another way, it's lik
e saying,
"Baby, it's dangerous outside.
Come back here with me, wher
e it's nice and safe."
♪
ATTENBOROUGH: The lyrebird is,
in fact, a bird that tells lies.
His song is an acoustic illu
sion.
Up to now, scientists had thoug
ht that song
was an honest signal from the
male.
But it seems song can also be
manipulative and false.
♪
[ Birds singing ]
Not far away, in the Blue Mou
ntains near Sydney,
scientist Victoria Austin is stu
dying the female lyrebird.
♪
What she's listening for
is something very few people
have heard.
AUSTIN: So, what I'm doing now
is just preparing my recorder
because we're about to head to
a nest
and we're hoping to be able
to record the female lyrebird
that resides in that area.
ATTENBOROUGH: The female lyr
ebird
is the opposite of her flash
y mate.
She's secretive.
When sheisseen, she's often
mistaken for a juvenile male.
To most people, she's invisible.
But Victoria knows how to find
her.
This old nest suggests that s
he may be nearby.
And there she is.
[ Superb lyrebird singing ]
This rarely heard sound is h
er whistle song.
[ Singing continues ]
In Darwin's theory of sexual
selection,
males sing to attract females
and females drive the evolutio
n of song
by preferring ever more comple
x songs.
The females themselves do not
sing.
Yet here we are listening to a
female lyrebird singing.
[ Singing continues ]
So, what is the function of her
song?
[ Singing continues ]
Well, the female raises her ch
icks alone.
The male plays no part.
So it's extremely important for
her to maintain her territory
and the food within it.
She uses song to let everyone
know that it's her patch.
[ Singing continues ]
And Victoria is also researching
whether song helps her in oth
er ways.
In the last few years,
she's been recording their songs
across the Blue Mountains.
♪
This is one of them -- a fema
le mimicking a goshawk.
[ Superb lyrebird mimicking go
shawk ]
AUSTIN: It's very accurate.
If you were play this call al
ongside an actual goshawk,
it would be very difficult to
tell the difference,
if you were able to tell the di
fference at all.
ATTENBOROUGH: So, what is th
e purpose
of this perfect impersonation?
She is using it to deceive pr
edators into thinking
she's more dangerous than she
actually is.
♪
She is just as talented as the
more famous male.
[ Superb lyrebird singing ]
AUSTIN: So, the biggest purpose
of what we're doing
working with these female lyr
ebirds
is to dispel this long-held myth
that only recently was shown
not to be true,
and that is the idea that fem
ale birds don't sing
or that it's very rare.
And that's just simply not th
e case.
[ Birds singing ]
ATTENBOROUGH: This surely chal
lenges Darwin's theory...
as does my next, revolutionary
song.
♪
[ Superb fairy-wren singing ]
My fifth song was also recorded
in Australia.
It, too, like the song of the
female lyrebird,
has rarely been heard.
[ Superb fairy-wren singing ]
It's important because its ex
istence
changes our idea of what song act
ually is.
[ Superb fairy-wren singing ]
This is a fairly common Aust
ralian bird
called a fairy-wren.
[ Singing continues ]
We filmed these birds for a BBC
series back in the 1990s.
[ Superb fairy-wren singing ]
♪
We went there to film it because
it's extremely promiscuous.
Both the male and female
will mate with many different
partners.
But what few people realized
at the time --
and I certainly didn't --
was that it's not just the ma
le that sings.
♪
The female does, too.
[ Superb fairy-wren singing ]
♪
This is Canberra Botanical Gard
ens.
♪
Professor Naomi Langmore was the
scientist
who made our fairy-wren recordi
ng.
She was one of the first
to realize the significance of
female song.
[ Birds singing ]
A male fairy-wren with gloriou
s iridescent blue
and striking black plumage.
Rather difficult to miss.
[ Superb fairy-wren singing ]
So, where is the female?
Well, not at the top of a perch
like the male,
but instead here, hiding in th
e bushes.
♪
She is, comparatively, rather
dull -- a drab brown.
LANGMORE: Because females are
often less flashy
and eye-catching than males,
it's very easy to miss female
song.
[ Superb fairy-wren singing ]
ATTENBOROUGH: But sing she d
oes.
[ Singing continues ]
Just as male song is used in com
petition with other males,
female song seems to be in co
mpetition with other females.
But why didn't we hear her be
fore now?
Is it really just because she is
less noticeable than the male?
LANGMORE: In the history of the s
tudy of birdsong,
most research was done in the
northern hemisphere,
in Europe and North America,
and in those regions, female
song is comparatively rare.
And so researchers working in
those regions generalized
from what they were observing
in their local birds
and assumed that male song was
the norm throughout the world.
ATTENBOROUGH: A male-biased
view of birdsong
had, to an extent, deafened u
s to female song.
KREBS: So, when I was doing
my research,
it was basically assumed
that it's the male that sings
and the female that doesn't.
Maybe that's because most of t
he scientists were males
who were studying birdsong.
LANGMORE: But now there's a new
generation
of female scientists coming t
hrough,
studying birdsong all around t
he world,
and discovering that actually
female song is very common
and occurs in more species than
not.
ATTENBOROUGH: And it's only
now
that they're properly being
heard.
Naomi and her colleagues have d
iscovered
that in 64% of all songbird
species, females sing.
and that, in the distant past,
the ancestors of all songbirds
would have had both male and
female singers.
♪
When birdsong began, perhaps
all female birds sang.
[ Birds singing ]
So, why don't all female birds
sing today?
The answer is migration.
Male migrants, like the night
ingale,
arrive in their breeding grounds
before the female.
They set up and defend the bree
ding territories,
so the females don't need to
sing.
♪
In species that don't migrate,
like the lyrebird and the fair
y-wren,
then often the females will h
ave their own territory
[ Bird singing ]
And they will sing to defend it.
[ Birds singing ]
This female song challenges the
way scientists
have thought about sexual selec
tion
for the last hundred years.
DALZIELL: This recent discovery
is a paradigm shift.
It's extremely exciting.
And it really forces us agai
n to reconsider
what we think of as birdsong.
[ Birds singing ]
LANGMORE: Birdsong was fundam
ental to the formulation
of Darwin's theory of sexual
selection.
And the discovery that females s
ing as well
makes us challenge that theory
.
ATTENBOROUGH: Because our pe
rception of birdsong
has been biased towards the no
rthern hemisphere,
we have been unaware
of some of the most thrilling
birdsongs on the planet.
But that view is changing.
♪
KREBS: Our understanding of song
is continually developing,
and all the time we're learning
new things.
It's a mystery that needs real
research to unravel it.
And we're still learning.
♪
ATTENBOROUGH: How exciting it is
to think of the discoveries
that are about to be made abo
ut birdsong.
♪
[ Birds singing ]
♪
. >> So
were you as intrigued bythe superb lyrebird
as I was? This is
one clever bird. Beautiful
. And the sound thisbird makes
. I knew nothing aboutit.
Welcome back to the studiosof PBS Wisconsin.
We're taking ashort break
in birdsong toinvite you to
become a memberhere at PBS Wisconsin. And
thisis a great time to do it,
because this is a challengebreak. Challenge break
is happenwhen current owners make aspecial
gift to challenge you tobecome
a member. They will matchyour gift
dollar for dollar. We
are looking for 25 new members
or returning members during this
break, and the first
$2,000 willbe matched dollar for dollar. So
you can really increase
theimpact of your gift to
PBSWisconsin. So there's no better
time than right now to make your
gift, and we hope you'll do it
.This program is so intriguing. Iwas
just so taken by thatincredible story about
the lyrebird, a bird
I knew nothingabout and need to know
moreabout , and
I would have known nothing about it. And wouldn't
have learned of my interest inknowing
more if it hadn't beenfor PBS Wisconsin
. And this show. Show
your appreciation .Become a member
during thischallenge. Break
. Clint . Hi
folks. Walz I'm on staff
here at PBS Wisconsin andMalcolm's exactly right
. This isthe best
time for you to makeyour gift
of support, becauseit's a challenge break.
And whenyou do, we've got some great
ways of saying thank you for agift
of $10. This evening.You'll receive a
100 birdingflashcards from Sibley. Theseare backyard
birding flashcards
.Absolutely beautiful. The
artwork is stunning. There's
somuch information on the back,such
as the description
, thevoice of the
bird, the habitat,a
map that's
yours for a gift of
$10 a month. If you're able
tomake a gift of
$15 a month, notonly will you receive the
flashcards, you'll also receive a
PBS Wisconsin hat
. And finally ,for a
gift of
$25 a month, you'll receive the flashcards
,the cap , and some
Nico binoculars
. A wonderful ,wonderful entry
set ofbinoculars . Little
package, big on views
is what they say . Yoursfor a
gift of just
$25 a month.Doesn't matter
how much you givethough, it only
matters that youdo and you can do
that by going to one (800) 236-3636 on
yourphone .>> Nature has
won hundreds of awards. I think we
know whywatching programs like
this really
remind us and inspire us.Why programs
are so important
,bringing the natural wondersinto your
home day after day,
year after year. And it's
because of you and your support
that these programs are
made possible that
PBS Wisconsin can provide
them .
And one of thebest ways that
you can supportthat work is by becoming
asustainer. If you're already asustainer, thank you
so much.Maybe think
a bout adding alittle
bit to your monthly
contribution . It's easy
. It'songoing through your credit
cardor through your checking account
.You can make that pledge bycalling
one (800) 236-3636, orby pledging online
at pbswisconsin.org
.>> This is a challenge break,and
we do want to make sure tothank
Laura Hagen of Iola forbeing a part
of this break,because she's mad e a gift
tochallenge you to become a member
,because she is so intent
onincreasing the number of folkswho
give to PBS Wisconsin.
Ifyou're not one of them, please
honor this. This
challenge.Please honor Laura and
make yourgift right now
during thischallenge break, you know,programs like
this there
theylook like they come together
magically because they actuallyimpact us
magically. But they're hard work. They
take long hours.They take great expertise
. Theytake a tremendous amount of
professionalism . And you know
what else they take? They take abudget
because we have to get towhere the
birds are. We have totravel the
country. We have to videotape. We have to
script, wehave to edit, and then we
haveto broadcast. And it's allpossible
because of yourmembership gifts to the PBS
Wisconsin. During this challenge,break your
gift goes twice as long as far. So
whatever levelsthat Clint gave
you justrecently , that's the amount
ofmoney that you make
your gift.But it will be matched
dollarfor dollar. So make that giftright
now and with a reminderabout the ways
we say thank you,let's go back to
Clint.>> Thank you.>> That's
right. I'm superexcited to shar e these with
youtonight for a gift of $10 a
month, you'll receive these birding
flashcards by Sibley.Really great for birders
of allages . If you're if
you've got birds around
your house andyou're wondering which one is
that, you can use these
flashcards to look. Find the
bird, hear what the what they
sound like. And this is allyours for
a gift of $10 to PBSWisconsin,
a month for a
gift of$15 a month, you'll receive the
flashcards, but you'll alsoreceive a PBS
Wisconsin hat thatyou
can wear when you're outhiking and looking
at birds andfinally, for a gift
of $25 amonth, you'll receive theflashcards
, the hat, and someKnox
binoculars , some Knoxbinoculars
. As Aimee mentioned ,they're compact. They're
lightweight . A really
great entry
point for the
birder enthusiast
. All of these giftsare really
wonderful and just a way
for us to say thank you, but
the most important thing you'llbe getting is
all of theprograms that you've come to
love and depend on , night afternight
, day after day, year afteryear, and
it's all thanksbecause you went to the
phone and
called one (800) 236-3636.>> So
I borrowed Clint's
binoculars and he's right. Theyare just
great. The color and the size. And you
can tellthey're good
quality and theyjust feel nice
in your hands. So I might have to
pledge for thesetonight . These are great
ifyou're watching with streamingservices like Netflix
or Hulu,be sure
to put PBS Passport right next to it
and you canaccess that on any device
from your phone
to a tablet to, ofcourse
, your television . So
again
, that's one of
thebenefits along with monthly"Airwaves"
program guides thatyou receive
as a member
when youpledge your
support, either as a sustainer or
an annual giver atany level, we
are so grateful
for you being part of
the PBSWisconsin Family
. Make yourpledge now at
pbswisconsin.orgor . One (800) 236-3636.>> You
know ,
since ourinception, over 100 years ago,
as Wisconsin public Radio
, PBSWisconsin and Wisconsin
PublicRadio have been an educational
source for people all over
the state. I
can't tell you how often we've
heard folks talkabout being in a
one roomschoolhouse, and listening tothe
radio as part of theireducation
. Well, we're still thebig
E education in theclassroom, and m
aybe the small E
education in your living room.And our
education team isconstantly
making great digital
resources for
teachers, forparents, and
for students. And all of that is
possible becauseof the donations of the
people around Wisconsin. It's
a greatway to
provide an important,
essential service to our classrooms,
to our teachers,
toour lifelong learners . Andreally, when
do we ever stop learning? As long
as we're alive, we'll be learning.
And aslong as Wisconsin public PBSWisconsin
is around, we'll behelping you learn by
providingyou the resources
that you wouldn't otherwise be able
tohave. And those binoculars
thatyou've been, you've seen
tonight, they're wonderful
. Letme mention something. You canuse
them for other things
thanjust birding. So when you're
atthe Badger game or the
Packergame or the Brewer game, or
maybe the high school track
meet, use those binoculars andtell the folks in
the standswhere you got them and encourage
them to join you as a member of
PBS Wisconsin .>> And when
you do , this
is achallenge for members. Your giftwill
go twice as far . So far,we've had
ten people take us upon this offer, and I hope
thatyou'll be number 11. You can do
that by going to one(800) 236-3636. And
when you doask them which thank
you giftyou'd like again
for a gift of
$10 a month, you can receive
thebirding flashcards. There's
100of these. It's broken out bybirds
all across the country
.Those that are on the easternside
of the states, on
thewestern side of the
states,really stunning. Just the rightamount
of information. That'snot overwhelming, but gives
youeverything you want. Those
cardsare yours for a gift of
just $10a month. If you're able
t o makea gift of $15 a month, not
only will you receive those
flashcards, you'll also receivea great
PBS Wisconsin
C ap andthen
finally, Malcolm was justtalking about
the binoculars.And that's right. For a gift
of $25 a month,
not only will youget
the flashcards not only willyou get the
PBS Wisconsin cap, you'll also get those
great Knoxbinoculars . And in addition
toall of those things, all of
ourmembers always receive "Airwaves". This is our
monthlyprogram guide arrives in your
mailbox every
single month andshows you all of the
greatprograms that your dollarstonight are making
possible. Sogo ahead, go
to your phone rightnow. The number is
one(800) 236-3636. we want to take
a momentto thank our members of the
director's circle, whose ership
gifts really make
allof this possible . Every gift of
every level is so important
tous at PBS Wisconsin
, if you feel
like you have the means andyou're able
to make a gift at
the director's circle level
, whether
that's $1,000
per yearor $100 per month to you, if
you're inspired to give a bitmore, we
are e
ver so grateful.Well
, thank you. With a lot ofthese.
Thank you gifts and Passport
, but it's just someaningful
. Like Laura in Iola
who is helping with ourchallenge grant this
evening,Carol in Richland Center, who
gave us a call a little earlier,all of our frie
nds throughout the state. Thank you
so much forgiving at whatever leve
l feels right to you. If you haven't
called yet, please reach out
at one (800) 236-3636.
Attenborough producedhis first program for the
BBC in1952. That was
about the timethat folks on
this campus weretalking
about creatingeducational
television here inAmerica, and
just a couple of years before
PBS Wisconsin's first station, premiered
righthere from these studios
on thecampus at UW
. And we've grown
and our service has grown. Butsome things just haven
't changed. What hasn't changed
isgreat programs
, educational programs
, programs that are accessible, programing
thatinspires you, that takes you
farbeyond the
four walls of yourliving room or
your home. To allfour corners
of the world .
Andanother thing that hasn'tchanged is
PBS Wisconsin is as good as the support
we get fromour viewers
. Your dollars meanso much
to us. They build
our budget. Right now
we've had
12pledges during this challengebreak
. Well , challenge
breakdoubles your pledge. We want todouble
the number of pledgeswe've
gotten. We'd like to get 25 pledges during this break.
Ifyou haven't called , now's thetime
to do it. This greatprogram might be
inspiring. Youto do more birding, but
we hopeit's also inspiring you tobecome a
member right here,right now. Please do
it and your
gift is so important right here,right now
.>> During this challenge break.Don't let this
break get get byyou and go to your phone
rightnow and call
one (800) 236-3636.Just like that person, just
didwhen you do, we've got
great,great ways of saying thank
youtonight. Remember, for a
gift of $10 a month you'll
get thebirding flashcards. 100 of thesewonderful,
wonderful cards. They are stunning
. Yours for a giftof
$10 a month. A
gift of $15 amonth.
You'll receive theflashcards and
a PBS Wisconsin
cap . And then finally
again fora gift
of just $25 a
month,you'll get the flashcards. Thecap, and those gre
at Knoxbinoculars. But
go ahead. Goright now.
One (800) 236-3636 isthe number
nature has brought
generations of viewers closer
to the natural world,
andgenerations have supportedprograms
like this to make thempossible.
>> 40 years, four decades of
nature and your support
asviewers . Let's support the
next40 years of nature and otherprograms
that are so meaningfulto all of us.
It's easy. You can
go online or give us a call as
asustainer. It's ongoing and
automatic to become a member
atany of the levels that we'vetalked
about. This evening,receive those great benefits
.Receive some. Thank you gifts,and receive
that really great feeling.
Knowing that you'resupporting something soimportant not
only to you, but to your neighbors, your
family,your friends. Give
us a callthis evening
at one
(800) 236-3636 or join online at
pbswisconsin.org and thank you
.[MUSIC] This next groundbreaking record
ing reminds us
just how thrilling those new di
scoveries could be...
♪
...because it revealed to us
an entirely different world of
song.
♪
Few animal songs are more beaut
iful
than the ones that are recor
ded on this disc.
And yet, had it not been for
recent technological advances,
we would never have known that s
uch songs existed.
♪
The waters off the coast of Ber
muda.
U.S. Navy engineers are using
underwater microphones,
called hydrophones, to liste
n for enemy submarines.
This is what they pick up.
[ Low humming ]
It's not a submarine
or, indeed, any kind of man-m
ade noise.
[ Humming continues ]
I'll always remember the first
time I heard those songs.
It brought back to my mind th
e stories of sailors
in the old sailing ship days,
out at sea in their bunks, hear
ing these wonderful,
eerie sounds resonating throug
h the ship.
It didn't come, of course, fr
om a mermaid,
but something perhaps even m
ore extraordinary --
a gigantic creature, weighing
many tons --
a whale.
[ Humpback whale singing ]
Almost unbelievably, this was
the first time
that anyone had ever identified
the sound of the whale.
When biologist Dr. Roger Payne
heard it, he was thrilled.
PAYNE: It was back in 1967, a
bout,
that I met a fellow named Fr
ank Watlington,
who became a great friend.
And he played a sound to me of
humpback whales.
[ Humpback whale singing ]
It was the most beautiful thing
I had ever heard from nature.
[ Singing continues ]
The first time I ever went sw
imming
with a whale that was singing,
it was an incredible experience.
It's completely shattering.
[ Humpback whale singing ]
It feels like, when you get c
lose to one,
that something has put its ha
nds on your chest
and is shaking you until your t
eeth rattle.
My first thought was, "I won
der if I can stand this.
I wonder if this is actually
gonna kill me somehow."
[ Humpback whales singing ]
ATTENBOROUGH: The question w
as,
would we call these sounds "son
gs"?
Some were short, like bird calls,
but others were longer,
some up to half an hour.
[ Humpback whale singing ]
Speeded up, this is what the
y sounded like.
[ Rapid, high-pitched singing
]
They sounded like birdsong.
[ Singing continues ]
Roger called them songs.
In the late 1970s,
I, too, went swimming with h
umpback whales.
[ Humpback whale singing ]
I remember seeing this creature
below me
and then hearing its song.
[ Singing continues ]
It was thought they sing for th
e same reason as birds --
males singing to rivals and
potential mates.
But no one has ever seen a fema
le listening.
[ Singing continues ]
In truth, no one really knows
why whales sing.
[ Singing continues ]
But one thing is certain --
the sound of their song save
d them from us.
[ Singing continues ]
In 1970, Roger released an a
lbum called
"Songs of the Humpback Whale."
At the time, we had been kill
ing whales,
mainly for their oil, for ce
nturies.
[ Harpoon gun fires ]
We were very close to extermi
nating them
out of sheer greed.
Then we heard their song.
[ Humpback whale singing ]
PAYNE: Whole bunches of people
in several countries
began making organizations to
save the whales,
and the Save the Whales move
ment was born.
And in many ways, that was so
rt of the beginning
of the conservation movement.
[ Singing continues ]
ATTENBOROUGH: The conscience
of the world was awoken
by this song of the whale.
We heard it just in time to sav
e them.
[ Singing continues ]
But for my next and final sing
er,
there was no such reprieve.
[ Kaua'i 'o'o singing ]
There are few songs more haunt
ing than this.
[ Kaua'i 'o'o singing ]
It's a male Hawaiian 'o'o bird
calling for a mate.
[ Singing continues ]
But is he singing into silence
?
[ Singing continues ]
Habitat destruction and the in
troduction of invasive species
have decimated many Hawaiian so
ngbirds,
including the 'o'o.
It may well be that by the time
this recording was made
there were no females left al
ive.
It's the sound of a male
singing for a mate
who no longer exists.
The 'o'o has since been decla
red extinct.
[ Kaua'i 'o'o singing ]
He was the last of an entire b
ird family
found nowhere else on Earth,
now gone.
[ Singing continues ]
There is no more dramatic remi
nder of this loss
than this sound.
[ Singing continues ]
♪
And how many more songs have
we lost
in other parts of the planet?
Here in Britain, it's estimated
that 38 million birds
have disappeared from our skies
in the last 60 years,
one in five, gone.
♪
Climate change, habitat dete
rioration,
and the resulting decrease in
food and other resources
are thought to be the main fac
tors
behind this catastrophic dec
line.
It's now up to us to decide
how many more songs
we will allow to fade into s
ilence.
[ Birds singing ]
♪
These songs enrich our lives,
too.
They are surely amongst the
loveliest in the universe,
and without them our lives wo
uld truly be impoverished.
[ Singing continues ]
And what is lost when the songs
fall silent
is more than just an enchantin
g operatic backdrop
to our own lives --
because, for the creatures th
at sing them,
songs are far more than that.
They are a weapon of war,
a serenade,
a promise of parenthood,
a daring deceit,
or perhaps something even more a
stonishing
that we are yet to discover...
[ Animals singing ]
...each one a marvelous exampl
e
of the spectacular survival s
trategies
that animals have developed
in order to stay alive.
[ Humpback whale singing ]
That is why I'll never cease to
wonder
at the beautiful sounds we c
all song.
♪
[ Bird singing ]
>> Well , watching
thisdocumentary from nature and so
many programs from nature
remindus how much we don't know
aboutthe natural world. But you know
what? That's okay, becausethere's no quiz.
There's onlythe joy of learning here at
PBSWisconsin. There's also the joy
of giving, the joy of
knowingthat you are making programs
possible for your neighbors, foryour
k ids, for your
grandkids,and for your community.
Nature'sbeen coming to your living
room for over 40 years,
and for everyone of those
40 years, neighbors of yours, maybe even
you, havemade the
contributions to makethe programs possible. It's a
great symbiotic relationship
. Welearn a little bit aboutsymbiotic
relationships innature. Well ,
Here's one inpublic broadcasting where the
viewer has and the donor can
bethe same . And certainly the
benefit is the programing
. We'reso thrilled to be able
to bringyou nature and so many other
educational and inspiring
programs that that's
why we'rehere .
And one of the things thathelps
us do that is yourmembership support. Won't
you make a gift
right now with a
little bit more about our waysto say thank you? Here's
Clint .>> Hi
folks. I'm Clint, I'm onstaff here at
PBS Wisconsin and Malcolm's absolutely
right. Thisis a great time for you
to makea gift . Becoming a member
from aviewer. And when you do,
we'vegot some great ways of sayin gthank
you. Remember, for a giftof $10
a month, you'll receive the birding flashcards.
There's
100 flashcards here of differentbirds from
all across the United States. Really
great for birdersof all ages
. If you have youngkids around, these
would begreat to
have a fun game. Howmany can you
spot? Really great.Yours for a
gift of $10 a
month.If you're able to make a gift
of$15 a month, you'll receive theflashcards.
But you'll alsoreceive a PBS Wiscons
in cap.It's in sort of
an olive greenand
yours for a gift of $15 amonth. And
then finally, this is our most popular item
tonight for $25 a month,
you'll receivethe flashcards
, the cap, but you'll also receive
some knocks ,binoculars
really high quality
binoculars, and also fantastic
to have out there. While you'rein the
field. It doesn't matter how much you give
though . Aswe've
said before, it only matters that you do
. And you can do that by either
going to PBS.org or calling our volunteers
now at one (800) 236-3636.>> It's
so wonderful to hear those phones ringing. And
wehave wonderful volunteers
justwaiting for your call. They'revery
helpful. They'll walk youthrough
becoming a sustainer. Iftoday's
the day, if you've beenthinking about it
for a littlewhile, please consider makingthe
call today
. We know you watch PBS for a
reason. The entertainment
, the education
,and the inspiration behind
programs like nature and so many
others that you've come to loveover
the years. If you've
beenthinking about giving at
any ofthese levels,
it's a great time.You can
continue to give us a
call after the break or to goonline
at pbswisconsin.org
. Youcan select your thank you gifts
online as well. Think
aboutgoing online or
giving us a
call at
one (800) 236-3636.>> You know
, technology is amazing. We're
talking about a program about nature
. But this program about nature wouldn't
be possible without
technology. And maybe technology can
be a littlebit boring. But when you
thinkabout it, somebody had to have
atape recorder and somebody hadto invent
a battery . Somebody
had to invent a video camera,somebody
had to invent the broadcast
technology . All this
technology would be
worthless ifwe didn't have great
storytellers and people
dedicated to bringing these
inspiring stories to you in your
living room , on your cell
phoneyears and years ago, we
startedwith Morse code on the
radio,then am radio, FM radio
, blackand white TV
, color TV ,
VCRs,DVDs , streaming
media , the
technology is always there
, butit's the programs that make it
meaningful and your support
iswhat makes the programspossible. So
let's exploit that
technology with more greatprograms
. And please be part ofit by
making your gift to
PBSWisconsin right now
.>> Oh, that's that's
hard to sayit
better than that, but
rightnow. So
I'm not going to.
But whatI'm going to do is I'm going to
tell you about some of the thankyou
gifts that we have availabletonight. Remember,
for a gift of
just $10 a month, you'll receive
the 100 birding flash cards
.Really, really wonderful set.We've talked
a lot about them.
A lot of information
aboutindividual birds. Yours for a
gift of just $10 a month for a
gift of $15 a month, not onlywill
you receive those flash cards, we'll also send
you a PBSWisconsin cap and then
finally ,very, very
exciting offer foryou for a
gift of $25 a month,you'll
receive the flash cards, the
PBS Wisconsin cap, and these
really wonderful Knox binoculars
.My colleague Emma mentioned thatshe
saw him on strategist out
there, and it's really
considered one of the best giftfor bird
lovers. According to
birders. So these are reallyhigh quality.
You won't bedisappointed . And that's yours
for a gift of just
$25 a month.What else? You won't
bedisappointed in is the return onyour
investment for a gift
of$25 a month, you'll
receivegreat programs day after day.
All year long. Do it now
by calling
one (800) 236-3636.>> We want to take a
moment tothank the members
of theHeritage Society over
600members, all over our state
whohave made that commitment toinclude
PBS Wisconsin in theirplans
, in their will , and togive
that gift that will go on for generations.
So long afterwe're no longer here. And
thereare viewers who
are benefitingfrom PBS Wisconsin, we can
makethat impact
to go on . You canlearn
more at pbswisconsin.org
.Slash legacy , or you can
callour legacy team at
PBS Wisconsin and have a
conversation . Malcolmwas talking
about stories welove
to hear your stories of howPBS Wisconsin
has made adifference
in your life overmany
decades, and generations
.Also, if you'd like to give
us acall this evening to pledge your
annual support or your monthlysupport, you can
do that
at one(800) 236-3636.
, please make that callright
now. We're being joined bya new
face. Hello, Regina. Regina Belotti. Regina is
rector of individual Legacy
Giving. You've been with PBSWisconsin
for just a little while. Welcome
.>> Thank you. Thank you.>> And
what brought you to PBSWisconsin?
, I have been verygrateful in my
career to haveworked with sever al wonderful
organizations and
when we camehere to Wisconsin, I was lookingfor a
new challenge and wanted
something that would tie me here
.And PBS Wisconsin did that. SoI'm ve
ry grateful to
be here.>> Well, it's so essential
that PBS Wisconsin has
these direct relationships with
folks whowant to see it be successful
.And certainly that's a lot ofthe
work that you do . What aresome
of the things that youreally enjoy about
working withdonors ?>> It's been such
an incredibleexperience working with donors.I
feel so lucky to be able toget
out into the community andmeet
with them and hear theirstories and why.
PBS Wisconsinand why Wisconsin is importantto
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♪
(door squeaks)
(suspenseful music)
(footsteps clicking)
(pensive piano music)
- (Geoffrey) Everyone loves
a good mystery
and Chicago has enough of them
to fill a library.
(blows air)
I'm Geoffrey Baer.
Let's see if we can solve
some of Chicago's most perple
xing mysteries,
like these.
(curious music)
- A saucer shaped-gray disc ho
vering above Gate C17.
- Where did this thing come from?
- Whoa. - Whoa.
- It's supposedly a portal to he
ll.
- This? - Right here.
(curious music)
- Caution. Do not dig.
(bell ringing)
(Geoffrey scoffs)
We don't know if there's anybody
in there.
- We don't know if there's anyb
ody in there.
- Why is that garage in the
front?
- Anybody here that wants to
communicate?
- Perhaps not.
- Like, wow. It's an alligator.
- It disappears and is never
seen again.
- Follow me down the rabbit hol
e...
(curious music)
...as we explore Chicago Myster
ies.
(curious music) (door squeak
s)
(footsteps clicking)
(curious adventurous music)
(gentle music)
(airplane engine whirs)
Thousands of aircraft of every
size and description
fly in and out of O'Hare Inter
national Airport every year.
But one overcast day in late 2006
,
airport workers and even some
pilots
spotted something in the sky
they had never seen before
and couldn't make sense of.
- [Dave] O'Hare Tower, this
is Dave.
- [Sue] Hey Dave, it's Sue fr
om United Tower.
- [Dave] Hey, Sue.
- [Sue] Hey, did you see a flying
disc out by C17?
(suspenseful music)
- [Geoffrey] Was a UFO really
hovering
over the United Airlines ter
minal?
- I have corroborated this with
over a dozen people.
These are aviation profession
als,
and they all describe the exac
t same phenomenon.
- [Geoffrey] Chicago Tribune tr
ansportation reporter,
Jon Hilkevitch, broke the stor
y on New Year's Day 2007.
- And they all said it was a sa
ucer-shaped gray disc
hovering maybe 1400 feet
above gate C17 in the United T
erminal.
What they described is just thi
s immense energy,
this alleged object just broke th
rough the clouds.
- Shot straight up? - Shot s
traight up,
and created this donut of blu
e sky in the air.
- Made a hole in the cloud?
- Made a hole in the clouds.
- [Geoffrey] Most of the witn
esses who spoke
to Hilkevitch were airline em
ployees.
- Ranging from ramp walkers,
the people that bring the plan
es in and out to the gate,
baggage personnel, mechanics.
The copilot on C17,
he actually opened his windsc
reen.
He climbed up and looked at th
is object.
- He stuck his head out the
window.
- Yeah. - And saw it?
- Yeah.
- [Geoffrey] Hilkevitch says
United Airlines
and the Federal Aviation Adm
inistration
told him there were no reports
of any UFO activity at O'Har
e that day,
and they said nothing showed
up on radar.
But Hilkevitch filed a Freedom
of Information Act request
that revealed a far differen
t narrative.
- [Sue] Dude, there was a disc
out there flying around.
- There was a what? - A disc.
- [Dwight] A disc. Like a Fri
sbee?
- [Sue] Like a UFO type thing?
- Yeah. Okay. - Okay. (laughs)
- [Dwight] Yeah.
- I FOIA'd the air traffic ta
pes.
So you have the banter between
the control tower
and various people on the airf
ield who said they saw it.
- [Person 1] Oh, we saw it a
half hour ago.
- [Person 2] Who saw it?
- [Person 1] A whole bunch of us
over at the Charlie Concourse.
- [Person 2] Really? You guys
did?
Who is this?
- [Person 1] A United taxi me
chanic.
- When we learned that both the
FAA
and the United Airlines were l
ying to us,
were covering up this story.
- Yeah. - That's when editor
s,
and you know, and I got a lo
t more interested.
- Why would they not want to t
ell you the true story?
(pensive music)
According to Hilkevitch,
neither the government nor Un
ited Airlines
launched an investigation.
He says the FAA also floated
another theory,
a freak weather phenomenon ca
lled a hole-punch cloud.
A what?
- East Winds at six. 44 at O
'Hare.
- [Geoffrey] Well, who better
to explain this to us
than legendary WGN chief meteor
ologist, Tom Skilling,
whom we caught up with shortl
y before he retired.
I should get a shot of you.
I should get a shot.
- This is where the magic ta
kes place.
- [Geoffrey] Hole-punch clou
ds might be rare,
but viewers sent Tom plenty of
photos
of them over the years.
- If you came across that scen
e, you would say, "Wow."
- Somebody's invading? - Yeah,
exactly.
- What is a hole-punch cloud?
- Well, the cloud is composed
of super cooled water droplets.
So what happens is you get a
plane to fly through
and the agitation turns them in
to little ice crystals.
- Like instantly? - Instantly.
These ice crystals, gravity
goes to work on them
and pulls them down and opens
up a hole in the clouds.
- Okay, if it's a hole-punch clo
ud,
something had to have made th
e hole in the cloud, right?
- Oh, absolutely.
Will we ever have an absolutely
precise explanation of it?
Perhaps not. (suspenseful mus
ic)
- [Geoffrey] You can't really s
olve
any of our mysteries? (laughing)
- [Tom] Ah, yeah.
I'm of no use to you, Geoffr
ey, I apologize.
I failed ya. (ominous music)
- [Person 3] Some of our pilots
on the ground
were reporting a UFO sighting
at a thousand feet
from the seaside of the airport.
Did you guys do anything abo
ut that?
- [Person 4] You know what?
The ramp tower called me,
I wanna say about 10, 15 minut
es ago.
(dramatic music)
- If there was something actually
there, you know,
you'd think the FAA would be c
oncerned about it.
- Right? - And would investigate.
(curious music)
- [Geoffrey] Was this the bigg
est story of your career?
- No, the biggest story of my
career was my Pulitzer Prize.
- Oh, there you go. (laughing)
- My fear, however, is that
when I die,
my obit will be this damn UF
O story.
(airplane engine whirring)
(eerie music)
(eerie music continues)
- Yeah, to the right,
that's Philo Carpenter, the ap
othecary...
- [Geoffrey] Author Adam Selzer
has made a career out of digging
up mysteries in cemeteries.
In fact, his tour business is
called "Mysterious Chicago,"
but he didn't always have the
nerve
to wander through the graveyar
d gates.
- When I was a kid, I was terr
ified of cemeteries like,
but once I'd been in a couple
of them,
it stopped being scary to me
and they just started gettin
g interesting.
I realized just how many myster
ies there are to solve,
just walking around in these p
laces.
- [Geoffrey] We asked Adam fo
r a mini mystery tour
of Chicago's dearly departed
and mysteriously, he didn't s
tart in a cemetery.
Adam, why is there a mausoleu
m in Lincoln Park?
- [Adam] Back in the days befo
re the Great Chicago Fire,
this was the city cemetery for
a while.
- So we didn't have a lakefron
t park?
We had a lakefront cemetery?
- Cemetery, yeah.
(gentle music)
- [Geoffrey] This tomb was bui
lt in 1858
for Tremont Hotel Magnate, Ira
Couch,
and members of his family.
- It was built to hold about
a dozen people.
We know Ira himself was there.
Most reports say his parents
and a few of their children
who died in infancy.
- [Geoffrey] But even as this t
omb was being built,
people were having serious se
cond thoughts
about a cemetery on the lakefront
where the high water table requ
ired shallow graves.
- They started worrying event
ually
that dead bodies would get mi
xed into the drinking water.
People who went there said th
at it was repulsive.
They stopped burials here in
the 1860s,
and the idea was to move everyb
ody.
- [Geoffrey] So why is Couch's
tomb still here?
- Some people say that the fa
mily objected.
Other people say it was just
a matter of money.
So they decided to leave this
one here for whatever reason.
- So we don't know if there's
anybody in there.
- We don't know if there's anyb
ody in there.
And now I kind of feel like
if they did open that door,
the whole thing might come t
umbling down.
But then we'd know who was in t
here!
- [Geoffrey] We might never
know if anyone is in this tomb,
but we know for sure
that when the city was relocati
ng other bodies,
they, well, missed a few. (omi
nous music)
And you're saying there are ot
her people
under our feet right now?
- Yeah, there might very well b
e some more skeletons
and bone fragments out here s
omeplace.
(dramatic stinger)
- For more mysteries,
Adam took us to a cemetery that
's still a cemetery,
Graceland in Uptown,
where you'll find a Who's Who
of Chicago's movers and shakers,
like railroad car manufacturer
, George Pullman,
whose grave has been the subject
of a persistent mystery.
(curious music)
Alright, so the story is tha
t George Pullman
is buried under steel and co
ncrete,
so his body wouldn't be desec
rated.
- Right? - Is that true?
- Well, after he died,
there had been a lot of high
profile grave robberies lately,
people being held for ransom.
So right after Pullman was bu
ried,
all the newspapers in town h
ad big articles
describing this massive grave
full of concrete and steel
to keep anybody from stealing
it.
Whether it's true or not, we d
on't really know.
- Then there's real estate m
illionaire,
Walter Newberry, whose bequest
created the Newberry Library.
There is a legend about how
he was preserved?
- Right, he died at sea and...
- Oh. (wind blowing)
- Whoa! - Whoa!
Look at that, there's ghosts
in the cemetery.
He doesn't want this story told.
- In those days when you died a
t sea,
they usually buried you at sea.
- Yeah.
- But the story went years later
that they had preserved his
body in a barrel of rum
so that they could bury him p
roperly.
- Wait, what?
- And that's how the story went.
All available evidence is that
he was buried in a proper coffin.
But there's a terrific illus
tration
that went out at the time
with all these guys in top hats
and curly mustaches
rolling in the barrel underc
over of darkness.
- So there might be a barrel o
f rum under here
with Walter Newberry in it?
(eerie music)
But not everyone at Graceland
lived a famous life.
The sad story of this little g
irl, named Inez,
was shrouded in myth
until Adam's exhaustive research
separated fact from fiction.
- There's an urban legend
that she died when her mother l
ocked her outside
during a lightning storm.
- Oh!
- And now the legend goes
that whenever there's a storm
here at Graceland,
the statue will vanish
and her ghost will run around
the cemetery.
(rain pattering) (fantasy music
)
- Now, it is raining and Inez
is still here.
I have to say. - So far.
We'll let you know if she st
arts to vanish.
(thunder booms)
After scouring census records
and old letters,
Adam learned that Inez's teena
ge mother
had been abandoned by her drun
ken first husband.
And the lightning myth was jus
t that.
- [Adam] We should really let
her poor mother
off the hook for that one.
- [Geoffrey] Yeah.
- [Adam] We know from her de
ath certificate
that Inez died of diptheria.
It wasn't a lightning storm.
- Do we know how old she was
when she died?
- She was about 7 when she died.
- But she lives on here. - But sh
e lives on here.
- [Geoffrey] Just a little bit
of redemption.
Thanks to an admittedly comp
ulsive investigator
who continues to bring more sto
ries of the dead
back to life. (curious music
)
- A lot of these people,
the last time anybody wrote ab
out them
was when they carved the epi
taph.
And I feel like we're doing
a good thing
by finding out who these people
were
and telling their stories again.
(fantasy music)
(jazz music)
- One day each year,
this sculpture on the Univer
sity of Chicago campus
supposedly sends a secret message
.
It was unveiled during the Co
ld War with the Soviet Union.
And some believe that if the su
n is shining on mayday,
the International Celebration
of the Worker,
the sculpture casts a shadow of
a hammer and sickle...
(people singing in foreign lang
uage)
The symbol of America's commun
ist rivals.
(pensive music)
To get to the bottom of this my
stery,
we went straight to the artist.
What is the name of this piece?
- Dialogo.
- Which means the
dialogue?
- Dialogue. Yes.
- [Geoffrey] Virginio Ferrari
completed Dialogo in 1971,
and he's been questioned
about its mayday urban myth eve
r since.
- So there is this myth
that this represents a commun
ist hammer and sickle,
casts a shadow on May 1st.
What do you think of that?
- That is a stupid thing.
(Geoffrey laughs)
- Is it true?
- One hundred percent, no.
- Okay, we got it from the ar
tist directly.
But is the artist telling the tr
uth
or is he secretly sympathizing
with university radicals?
Well, let's consider Virginio
Ferrari's backstory.
He arrived at the University o
f Chicago
from Verona, Italy in 1966
during the Cold War with the
Soviet Union.
- I was very happy to be here
and I would do something to be
against this country?
It doesn't make sense.
- [Geoffrey] Ferrari says he d
id design the sculpture
with intent, but that it has
nothing to do with communism.
So this is sort of universal.
- Universal dialogue. - Dial
ogue.
- Okay.
- I was thinking about two figu
res.
They are meeting in the cent
er of a square.
This one represents a wave o
f water
that keeps together all the
continents.
The other one is a big halo.
- A halo? - Yeah.
To protect the dialogue.
- That's beautiful. - Yes!
- And if any doubt remains about
the hammer and sickle myth,
Ferrari offers one final piece
of evidence.
- So this one was there. - Yeah
.
- That one was here.
- He originally planned to o
rient the sculpture
to face in an entirely differ
ent direction.
So it wasn't even intended to
be-
- No, no, no. - Oriented to
the sun.
- To pass the shadow. - No.
- It was supposed to be the
other way around.
- Yes.
They was afraid that piece
was too big to stand there.
- The architect changed it jus
t for the sidewalk?
- They asked me to move it, y
ou know?
- [Geoffrey] So it really is
nonsense?
- It's stupidity.
(Geoffrey chuckles)
- Now in his 80s and all myths
aside,
Virginio Ferrari is happy with
how Dialogo has held up.
Sometimes you see people climb
ing on it and sliding on it.
- Yes.
- How do you feel about that?
- That is really what I love.
- It is?
- Art should be for everybody.
(bright reflective music)
(air whooshing)
(reflective piano music)
- [Geoffrey] John Corbett is a
Chicago gallery owner.
I see why you need to keep i
t in a vault.
But one of his prized possessi
ons isn't a work of art.
It's a very mysterious artifact
that he found by pure chance
after he drove past a junk store
that was going out of business.
- I did a little U-turn and we
nt into this store
and this guy asked what I wa
s interested in
and I said, "I'm very intere
sted in noir."
And at that point he said, "H
ow about the mob?"
- [Geoffrey] The store owner
handed Corbett
this tattered envelope that
stopped him in his tracks.
Inside was a typed manuscript f
rom the 1930s
containing an A to Z encycloped
ia of Chicago's mobsters.
(swanky music)
- "David "Yiddles" Miller,
most notorious of all Chicag
o's pickpockets,
has been arrested more than
2000 times in his 58 years.
His belly has an aldermanic swing
,
but his fingers are as nimbl
e as ever."
- Oh, man, that is just,
- Come on.
- I mean, that's just so good.
- That's publisher, Julia Klein,
who partnered with John on rele
asing the manuscript.
She shares his love of its de
tailed character sketches.
- [Julie] The Aiello brothers.
"There were Dominick, Joseph,
Carl, Andrew, and Theodore."
- [Geoffrey] And colorful langu
age.
- [Julie] "Their name once was
used by mothers
to frighten their babies."
I love that one.
- Do you ever picture the pe
rson typing this,
what the room looks like?
(typewriter clacking)
- I imagine that it has that
feel of a detective office,
it's evening and it's raining,
and you hear the clack of the
typewriter.
Death Kiss Mary has proved a
hoodoo to seven gangsters,
all of whom are resting unde
r green sod
after having tasted the doub
tful pleasures
of the little lady's lips.
(typewriter clacking) (swank
y music)
- [Geoffrey] In the margins
of the typed pages
are handwritten notes and scra
wled annotations.
- "The Death Kiss."
- And then what's in pencil?
- And it says, "The Kiss of
Death,"
and somebody's correcting it
so that it's "The Kiss of Deat
h," not "The Death Kiss."
- And most mysteriously of all,
the name of the author doesn't
appear anywhere.
Do we know who wrote this?
- We do not know who wrote this.
- The mystery, yeah.
- The person who wrote it woul
d be putting themselves
in danger by publishing this
if they were known, right?
- I mean, people are not eager
to be outing anything about
the mob.
(swanky music)
We speculate that it was eith
er an insider,
it might have been a former m
ob member.
It could have been a former p
oliceman.
- The cops told them to line u
p facing the wall.
- [Geoffrey] Nearly 10 years
after its discovery,
Julia and John published the ma
nuscript
under the title, "Bullets for Dea
d Hoods."
- [Julie] This is where the
title comes from, it says-
- [Geoffrey] So where was this?
- This was tucked into the env
elope,
"Collection bullets for dead h
oods."
- [Geoffrey] Now all of us can
read
this anonymous author's take
on little known Chicago wise
guys.
- Little Jack is one of the
dirty, lousy Gusick brothers.
- [Geoffrey] And A-list gangst
ers like Al Capone.
- Al had his alibi all fixed.
He was fishing off his Florid
a estate.
- [Geoffrey] John and Julia
released the book
in a facsimile format
to preserve not only the colo
rful language,
but also the time-worn look
and feel of the original pages.
- Part of me wonders whether
this isn't somebody
who was a newspaper reporter.
- Oh, yeah.
- [Geoffrey] The hash marks,
that's what a journalist puts
at the end of their article.
- Is that right? - Yes. Look!
- Yeah. - It's a journalist.
It's not a mobster. (Julie l
aughs)
I solved the mystery!
- Here's probably the only c
opy of this,
abandoned in a junk store.
And then you have this thing th
at comes back to life.
- [Geoffrey] If you hadn't ma
de that U-turn in your car.
- Yeah. - It would be gone.
(swanky music)
(pensive music)
In .>> Everybody likes
a goodmystery. That's what GeoffreyBaer says.
And of course,Chicago is
a great place tostudy those mysteries
. Well,let's solve one mystery rightnow.
Where are we? We're in thestudio s of
PBS Wisconsin. Whyare we here? To
ask you tobecome a member at PBS
Wisconsin. I'm Malcolm Brett avolunteer here
to encourage you to support
PBS Wisconsin , thepublic television
station thatexists just because of
you.We're here to serve you. And
webring you great shows fromplaces you
may have visited,like
Chicago , or places thatmaybe you've ne
ver visited
. Butno matter what
, you'll alwayslearn something n ew and a littledifferent. Now
, Chicago is not too far away, but
the mysteriesof Chicago. These stories
thatwe're learning today , they maybe
a side of Chicago that
youwould just never have
seenwithout this program and w ithout
PBS Wisconsin , and you couldn't
see it without
PBS Wisconsin .Enjoying your
financial support .Your dollars make
up ourmembership , our annual
programing budget
. And so weencourage you to
call the numberon your screen, b ecome a
member.You'll be really glad you dowhen
you do. We've got somegreat thank you
gifts, and forthose we're going to go
over toRegina. >> Hi, I'm Regina
Belotti, amember of the staff he re
at PBSWisconsin and we do have some
wonderful thank you gifts whenyou become a member tonight
, first
at the
$10 a month level,we have this
great, mysterious Chicago book that we
can offeryou as
a token of our gratitudefor your membership
. And at the $15 a month level,
you'll getthis Chicago from the
Air jigsaw puzzle again
, another reallygreat image of Chicago that
you'll see and at the
$20 a month level, will
bundle thosetwo things together
along with agreat water bottle
for you. Soif you're not a member
yet,tonight is a great time to do
it. Give us a call
at (800) 236-3636 or go to
ourwebsite at pbswisconsin.org
. >> Chicago is
a fascinating place, and Jeffrey Bear
isChicago's favorite
tour guide.If you're enjoying this
program,it's inspiring you
to want tosupport this and
programs like it think
about becoming a sustainer. There are so
manygreat ways to support
PBSWisconsin and all of the
programs that you love. So much.Lots of different givin
g levels .Some of the
levels Regina talkedabout this evening involve somethank
you gifts. And so let
us show our appreciation
for you.Showing your appreciation
for PBS Wisconsin
. You can join bygoing online
at pbswisconsin.org
.Or we have some fantastic
volunteers waiting for your
call. They'll help you through
the process, especially becoming a
sustainer is easy for you.It's ongoing through your creditcard
or through your checking
account each month. As
you giveat the level that's
comfortablefor you
. So please consider giving us a call
at one(800) 236-3636.
program we're enjoying tonight comes from our
sister station
, Wtw in
in Chicago . Wtw
call letters , windows to the
world and through
PBS Wisconsinand our sister stations
aroundthe country . We get to
bring youprograms that give you a window
of a world that maybe you knowsomething about,
but can learn.So much more
. Probably you'refamiliar with so many of
thegreat programs that we tellabout Wisconsin
history over theyears. That's pa rt of
why we'rehere to
share our stories.
Thehistory that makes us
a uniquepeople and public
television is a powerful
medium made powerfulby
the audience that watches usby the
programs we bring you
andby the financial support that
the communities bring to us andthe
communities are you? So
we're asking you as anindividual who
enjoys our program, give us
a call, make a pledge, become a
supporter ofPBS Wisconsin. And
if you'realready a supporter,
this wouldbe a great time to renew
yourannual support, because we havesome great
thank you gifts. Andonce again, to
go through those ,let's go back to
Regina.>> We do have some great
thankyou gifts. So again, at
that $10a month level,
we'll send youthis
great mysterious Chicagobook. The
author, Adam Selzer
.Actually, I just read aninterview with
him where he said he can walk down
any street i
nChicago and tell you who wasmurdered
there. Quite the partytrick
. So for $10 a
month, youcan get that for
$15 a month.You will receive this
. This
500piece jigsaw puzzle with a great
image of the Chicago skyline.And
for $20 a month, you'llreceive both of
those items ,along with
this PBS WisconsinWater
bottle. So you will get
all three of those items
for $20a month. You can feel free
togive us a call
at (800) 236-3636. Become a
membertoday or visit us at
pbswisconsin.org .>> So not
only are thosewonderful thank you gifts
available to you, but the
benefits that come with being a member,
not only that greatfeeling
of knowing that you're supporting programing
quality ,programing
, interesting educational
, inspiring ,programing
that you've come toknow and
love and rely upon . Butthe
benefits of
monthly "Airwaves"
program guide . Planout your
viewing with the guideand there's
lots of other really good behind the scenes
andinteresting articles in thatmonthly
guide. And then ofcourse
, Passport PBS Passport issuch a fantastic
library of programing
programs like whatyou're seeing tonight and
somany more that you
can stream atyour
leisure whenever you feellike watching
something, you log in on your device,
on your TVand watch through Passport.That's
just one of many
greatbenefits of being a member of
PBS Wisconsin
. Join us at pbswisconsin.org or
one(800) 236-3636. are a lot
of ways tolearn about
places. The people who live there
, the
demographics, the different
countries that are represented,the
food, the museums
. A greatway to learn about a
place isthe myths and mysteries that
arethat are captured by the people
who live there. These myths andmysteries
in Chicago are ones we're enjoying tonight
. But inWisconsin
we learn a whole lotmore about Wisconsin. When we
think maybe about the
hauntedgrand opera in Oshkosh
. Or maybeit's the
hodag up inRhinelander,
or one of my favorites back from when I
was astudent at this campus at the UWMadison
Tunnel. Bob , the guy who
lived in the steam tunnels underthe
campus , or so we
allthought. You can learn a lot
about a place by understandingthe myths that
intrigue andinspire people . And the best
way to learn about places and the
myths and inspiring
stories isby tuning in to
PBS Wisconsinand the best way to support
those programs is as a member
,by calling
one (800) 236-3636Regina, becomi ng
a member is a wonderful way to support
fantastic programs like the onewe're
watching now, and when youbecome a
member at $10 a month,we will send
you again.>> This fantastic, mysterious
Chicago book which is filled
with at least 40 fantasticmysteries
where you can learn more about what the
city has tooffer. We'll
also, at $15 amonth, send you this great
500piece jigsaw puzzle. Something
that's really nice to do on acold,
cozy evening. So
that'swhat you'll get at $15 a month.
And when you become a
member at
$20 a month, we'll send you notonly
this book and the jigsaw
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bottle as well . And don't forget
that you will also , at any level
,receive our monthly programguide
"Airwaves". So give us acall and
become a member
at (800) 236-3636.
see I have more tosee.
lighthouse, so I hopeyou're enjoying this
programhere at PBS Wisconsin.>> It's a
terrific example of how we take you
to places that you've been to. Maybe
, buthaven't seen in the same way
you've seen once you've seenthem here
on PBS Wisconsin, ourjob is
to scour the world forgreat
programing , to bring you
new insights and always new
entertainment , and give you
a new perspective
on the world you live
in and the world we alllove
this show tonight, telling
us a little bit somethingdifferent
about the city of Chicago
. Just a few miles
southand east of us here
in Wisconsin.It's
a city that's had so much
impact on the development of
theMidwest and
this view is a little bit different
. It througha different
lens. And to supportprograms like this
one thatbring you just a new
perspectiveby becoming a member here at
PBSWisconsin. Thanks so much for
your support .[MUSIC]
And .
Next, a Chicago mystery that
hits close to home for me.
I grew up just a few houses a
way from here
in north suburban Deerfield,
and right here in this little
woodland
was this crazy tree!
And back then there wasn't a f
ence around it
and there wasn't a plaque.
So you had to wonder
what kind of superhero could ha
ve bent this huge tree
into an S shape?
The answer is, Native American
s bent it
and tied it down as a saplin
g almost 200 years ago.
It's the indigenous equivale
nt of a road sign.
It's one of many trail marker t
rees
once found throughout the re
gion.
These trees guided native trav
elers through woodlands,
some of which are forest prese
rves today,
like Forest Glen,
where we met with indigenous
educator, Starla Thompson.
- Our history is kept within t
he oral tradition
and it's alive.
- [Geoffrey] Starla helps to
keep native traditions alive
like this jingle dress dance.
She traces her own roots
to the Otter Clan of the Fore
st Potawatomi
and Santa Ynez Chumash Nations.
- This area had many nations
, right?
And they knew how to navigate
the landscape efficiently.
We're here along the Chicago Rive
r
and we're not far from many trai
ls.
Anyone at that time coming in
to this indigenous world
had to walk upon our trails.
- Most of the trail trees ha
ve been lost
to urban development or just ol
d age.
But what about the trails the
y marked?
Are they lost, too?
That's the answer to another Ch
icago mystery.
If you've wondered why there
are diagonal streets
slicing through Chicago's famous
right angle grid,
it's because they were here firs
t.
So there are many streets toda
y that follow the trails,
the paths of Native American
roads?
- Mm-hmm.
Elston, Milwaukee, Clark,
I mean those were all old In
dian trails.
And I think it's kind of funny
because the way the city has
found
to be most productive or eff
icient
is to orient themselves alon
g these trails.
- The diagonal streets. - Ab
solutely.
- [Geoffrey] You know,
it was always a center of tra
nsportation.
- Yeah, Chicago has always been
an important place.
Indigenous people knew that.
The trails that we traveled
upon got us through the state
to the Mississippi.
It was all part of why Chicag
o is great
and always has been.
(pensive music)
(air whooshing)
(swanky piano music)
- [Geoffrey] Now let's hitch
a ride with urban historian,
Shermann "Dilla" Thomas,
to explore a South Side neig
hborhood mystery.
Dilla is known for his popula
r history videos
on social media.
- I just called dibs.
Lemme tell you it's history.
- [Geoffrey] But he's not just
virtual anymore.
- I run Chicago Mahogany Tours
where we take people on enri
ching
and engaging neighborhood tours.
And I make it my business to sh
ow them
why everything dope about Amer
ica comes from Chicago.
(Geoffrey laughs)
(swanky music)
- [Geoffrey] Dilla took us t
o a puzzling patch
of peculiar homes in the Chatha
m neighborhood.
Why are these houses so tiny?
And set so far back from the s
treet?
With the biggest front lawns in
Chicago, right?
- Oh, my goodness.
- [Geoffrey] These are the Garl
ows.
(swanky piano music)
What does garlow mean?
- Well, it's two words pushed
together, right?
It's garage and bungalow.
- [Geoffrey] They were meant
to be temporary
in response to a housing shorta
ge following World War I.
It was a fast and cheap real
estate solution
to sell full-sized city lots
with only a small brick hous
e built along the alley
at the rear of the property.
- It's set up in the back of th
e lot
with the intentions of,
you would later build on the f
ront of the lot,
a complete bungalow or a two
-flat,
and you would turn that garl
ow into a garage.
So there's a steel beam insi
de of the garlows
and it's designed for you to r
emove the bricks
and install a garage door.
(reflective blues music)
When they were built, right af
ter that,
we run into the Great Depressi
on.
- [Geoffrey] Yeah.
- And so that, even if your
intentions
were to build on that front lot
and turn that garlow into a
house,
the Great Depression kind of
stopped a lot of development
here in Chicago and across t
he country.
- [Geoffrey] Some garlow owner
s did build
on their big front lawns,
but in a different way than i
ntended.
You're supposed to build a ho
use on the front of the lot,
but somebody built a garage
and kept the garlow as a hou
se, right?
- Particularly on King Drive,
one of the first things peop
le ask me is like,
"Wait a minute, why is that gar
age in the front
as opposed to in the back?"
My guess is that it's a lot che
aper
to build a garage in the front l
awn
than it is to construct a house.
Probably less permitting, too.
But a lot of Chicagoans like
their garlows.
The garlows are such a unique t
hing to Chicago.
(swanky music)
(air whooshing)
(curious music)
- Howdy! - Hello.
- [Geoffrey] Some mysteries
fall into a category
we might call, "What the heck
is that?"
- You don't need to be scare
d anymore.
At one point, maybe. - Wait, an
ymore?
- Not anymore.
- But at one point, I should h
ave been scared?
- Just trust me.
- Local oddities are a partic
ular specialty
of Jessica Mlinaric,
author of the books "Secret Ch
icago"
and "Chicago Scavenger."
So we asked her to show us a
few of her favorites.
"Caution - do not dig.
There is no danger to visitors."
(Jessica laughs)
Jessica started out by taking me
to Red Gate Woods in the forest
preserves of Cook County
near Southwest suburban, Willow
Springs.
"The world's first nuclear re
actor buried here."
Why?
- The world's first nuclear
reaction took place
at the University of Chicago i
n 1942.
- Yeah, miles from here.
Not here. - Miles from here,
but in a very crowded urban
area.
- Okay. - So.
They didn't wanna continue tho
se experiments
with all those people around.
So they moved everything here
to a top secret nuclear rese
arch facility in the woods.
- [Geoffrey] It was part of the M
anhattan Project.
After World War II, the faci
lity moved outta the forest
and became Argonne National L
aboratory.
- This facility here was decomm
issioned in the 1950s.
- [Geoffrey] Ah ha.
- And what did they do with a
ll the nuclear stuff
that they had sitting around?
Took it out in the woods and
buried it.
- Right here? - Right here.
- So would you throw down a b
lanket
and have a picnic around you?
- I think it's a great spot f
or a blanket.
There's, you know, beautiful
wild flowers and trees
and a great breeze blowing.
So you can have a picnic on th
e nuclear reactor here.
(air whooshing)
How about I give you a riddle?
- [Geoffrey] Next, Jessica to
ok me to a remote stretch
of Chicago lakefront on the
far southeast side.
- We're here!
- So we have arrived.
Amidst the rail lines, power
lines,
and remnants of an old electr
ical generating station stands
an ancient obelisk?
- This is Chicago's oldest mon
ument.
- This? - Right here!
- Frontier surveyors placed i
t here in 1838
to mark the boundary
between the relatively new st
ates of Illinois and Indiana.
It took us a little time to fi
nd it.
- It's remote today.
It was even more remote in the
1830s.
Sometimes the shifting sand f
rom Lake Michigan
would even cover up the mark
er entirely.
- Oh. Oh!
That's the state line right there
?
- I believe it is. - Come her
e.
Let's go walk. Let's do this.
- Let's check it this.
- So I'm in Illinois.
Indiana.
Illinois.
Indiana.
And it has stood the test of time
?
- It sure has.
It's an amazing part of the
region's history.
And I think more people shou
ld know about it.
(curious music)
- [Geoffrey] After showing me
a monument
almost no one has ever seen,
Jessica took me to an oddity
that puzzles thousands of passe
rs by every day,
the leaning tower of Niles, Il
linois.
- How did the Italian icon get
to the north suburbs,
you wonder?
- [Geoffrey] Jessica told me thi
s half-size replica
of the famous tower in Pisa,
Italy,
was erected in the 1930s by a C
hicago factory owner
named Robert Ilg.
It disguised a water tower
that supplied a swimming pool
in a park that Ilg built here
as a rural retreat for his work
ers.
- And he also wanted to pay t
ribute
to the power of science to b
etter mankind.
So he was a fan of Galileo.
And so there's a plaque here
dedicated to Galileo, as well.
- After Ilg's death, it be
came part of the YMCA
beloved by generations of loc
als.
Okay, higher and higher.
The tower is not open to the pu
blic,
but we got special permission
to scale it.
The view gets better and better.
- It sure does, and I'm gett
ing dizzier and dizzier.
- And hidden at the top,
we discovered something trul
y amazing.
(bell chimes)
To top off his tower,
Ilg acquired 18th century bell
s from Europe.
I just rang a bell
that was being rung in the 17
00s in a church in Italy.
For some final insights,
we got an audience with Niles M
ayor
and restaurant owner, George
Alpogianis.
So how hard is it to engineer
something that leans?
- I have no idea.
I make pancakes for a living,
so I can't tell you that.
(Geoffrey laughs)
- [Geoffrey] And like any go
od politician,
he made sure to get the last
word.
- Folks, come on by.
See the leaning tower.
It's a great place just to chil
l for a few minutes.
It's amazing and beautiful.
(Italian music)
(ragtime piano music)
- [Geoffrey] On a cold Novemb
er day in 1915,
a maritime mystery was pulled
from the bottom of the Chicag
o River.
A diver named William "Frenchy
" Deneau,
said he stubbed his toe on this
40-foot steel vessel
while he was laying cable alon
g the riverbed.
- He's discovered an ancient
submarine.
- Ah.
- And he calls it the Fool Kille
r.
- [Geoffrey] But is the Fool
Killer really a submarine?
- [Mark] Where did this thing
come from?
Whose was it?
- For Mark Chrisler,
creator and host of the podcas
t, "The Constant,"
the mystery of the Fool Kill
er has been an obsession.
How long did you spend resear
ching the Fool Killer?
- At this point?
I think it's been a...
The better part of a decade now.
- [Geoffrey] Frenchy Deneau
got permission from authorities
to salvage the Fool Killer.
And when it was raised,
he claimed he found human bone
s and a dog skull inside.
- Who does the skull and the
bones of the dog belong to?
- [Geoffrey] So there's a lo
t of mysteries
surrounding this vessel.
- Yes!
- [Geoffrey] To profit from h
is discovery,
Frenchy put the Fool Killer on
display
in a skee-ball arcade in dow
ntown Chicago.
- But there was a big splashy ad
to come and see the Fool Killer,
the ancient submarine at the s
kee-ball arcade.
You can go in for 10 cents if
you dare!
- [Geoffrey] If you dare!
Frenchy was already a minor
Chicago celebrity
for his role as a rescue diver
after the steamship Eastland
capsized in the Chicago River
earlier that year,
killing more than 800 people.
- He called himself Captain
Frenchy Deneau,
after that incident.
And he called himself the Hero
of the Eastland.
What he said later was that h
e had recovered
more than half of the victims,
which is logistically infeas
ible.
(gentle music)
- [Geoffrey] Frenchy seemed
to love seeing his name
in the papers.
So we went looking for clues
to the Fool Killer story in the C
hicago Tribune's
vast archive with the newspa
per's super sleuths,
Marianne Mather and Kori Rumore.
- Come on in.
- So you call this a morgue?
- Yes, a morgue is synonymous
with the archives
in the newspaper world.
- In newspaper talk. - Yeah?
- [Geoffrey] The morgue contai
ns a treasure trove
of Tribune history.
- So you never know what you're
gonna find in the files.
- No kidding. - It's always a
mystery.
- [Geoffrey] And sure enough,
Frenchy appears prominently in
glass plate negatives.
- This is what we've got from F
renchy.
That's Frenchy Deneau, deep wat
er diver.
- [Geoffrey] Okay, so we foun
d Frenchy,
but what about the Fool Killer?
Turns out that introduced
another character into the myste
ry.
- Frenchy believes this subma
rine
once belonged to a guy named
Peter Nissen.
- Who's Peter Nissen?
- Well, that's our next mystery.
(suspenseful music)
Peter Nissen, he's described in
the Tribune
as a bookkeeper from Denmark,
but he had a little bit of a
daredevil streak to him,
and he came up with two diff
erent vessels
and took them down the Niagara
River Rapids and survived!
(suspenseful music)
- [Geoffrey] Perhaps to tempt
fate,
Nissen named his vessels "Fool Ki
ller 1,"
and "Fool Killer 2."
But it's Nissen's widely publiciz
ed and ill-fated
"Fool Killer No. 3"
that Frenchy apparently th
ought he'd fished out
of the Chicago River.
- So here we have, if you can
see this,
the photos of the Fool Killer
number three.
- [Geoffrey] It looks like a g
iant watermelon.
- Yeah, exactly! - I said a pot
ato,
but she says watermelon.
- [Geoffrey] Yeah, I know.
It doesn't look anything like Fre
nchy's submarine.
We'll get to that.
The fatal voyage of Fool Kille
r number three
took place on November 29th,
1904,
when Peter Nissen,
who also called himself, "Captain
Bowser,"
set sail on a journey from Chi
cago to Michigan.
- The idea is it would roll a
nd roll and roll
and it was all wind-powered.
Now the wind was right,
but everything else was prob
ably wrong.
We know he made it 65 miles
across Lake Michigan,
but we don't know when he died.
- A fool and his killer are soo
n parted.
(ragtime piano music)
Peter Nissen's death was widely r
eported in 1904,
but maybe Frenchy just missed
that story
and a decade later only rememb
ered the name "FoolKiller"
- So the assumption apparent
ly by Frenchy
and by a lot of the papers,
is that this thing,
this submarine must have been t
he third Fool Killer.
And therefore, the insinuatio
n is
that the body belongs to Nissen.
- [Geoffrey] Mark Chrisler kn
ew Frenchy got it wrong,
but it took a tip to finally so
lve the mystery
of the Fool Killer.
Turns out it wasn't a submar
ine at all.
- A listener of mine wrote me.
- To a podcast. - To my podcas
t.
Wrote in to say that basically,
"Hey look, I think I've got
the Fool Killer."
- Okay and it's right here!
(swanky music)
The listener sent Mark a photo
of a life-saving power boat
docked in the Chicago River
and documented in a 1906 issue of
Power Boat News.
- I knew that it had to be th
e real deal.
Within a few hours, I locate
d the patents online.
- Did you just like, "Oh my G
od."
- Yeah, I was in a tizzy.
I was-
(both laughing)
Sort of tingling all over the p
lace.
(swanky music)
- One remaining mystery may
never be solved.
What happened to the Fool Killer?
After the skee-ball arcade,
it appeared in a circus in Iowa
and then briefly at Chicago's
Riverview amusement park.
But then what happens to it af
ter that?
- It disappears.
By the end of that season at
Riverview,
it just goes away again.
It completely blips off the
radar and is never seen again.
(swanky music)
(audience cheering)
(baseball cracks)
(audience cheering)
(baseball entertainment music)
(baseball cracks)
(audience cheering)
- Baseball and hot dogs are s
ynonymous
so we've come out here to the
ballpark
to probe the most perplexing
Chicago mystery of them all.
Why don't we ever, ever,
put ketchup on a Chicago hot dog?
Axios reporter and food expert
, Monica Eng says,
it's because of all the othe
r ingredients
on our iconic Chicago hot dog.
- There are seven important in
gredients
and they really tell the story
of 20th century immigration
to Chicago.
So you take the bun,
that's eastern European popp
y seed bun.
- [Geoffrey] Okay?
- [Monica] Then the wiener,
so Austria or Germany.
These were sold largely by J
ewish Americans,
sometimes kosher, some is kosh
er style.
Then you get the mustard.
That's very German.
- Not bright yellow mustard.
- Right, this became a very A
mericanized
sort of milder version. - Ok
ay.
- [Monica] The piccalilli repr
esents British culture,
especially sweet piccalilli.
- [Geoffrey] Then, Monica says,
the dog gets dragged through
the garden
thanks to Greek and Italian
green grocers.
- Then you've got the onions.
Then you get the tomatoes.
Then you have your pickle spear.
Then second to last, you have t
he sport pepper.
There are two schools of tho
ught on these.
One, that they came with Mex
ican Americans
during the Columbian Exposition.
- Okay.
- Another theory is that they cam
e
during the Great Migration
with African Americans who came
from Louisiana.
- Louisiana, yeah. - And Miss
issippi.
Final is the swoosh of celer
y salt.
(audience cheering)
Woohoo, people like celery salt.
(Geoffrey laughs)
Chicago was the center of cel
ery production
at the turn of the century,
and celery was this health m
iracle!
So if you couldn't put a cele
ry stick on it,
at least you can put a little
bit of our celery salt,
which really deepens flavors.
- Wow.
Alright, Monica,
why don't we put ketchup on a h
ot dog?
- Because Geoffrey, if you did,
do you see this beautiful or
chestra,
all playing instruments toge
ther?
- It is. - In harmony?
- Yes.
- The ketchup would smash it.
- Boom.
- Come in with a big bassoon
and ruin everything.
- [Geoffrey] And what exactl
y makes ketchup
the evil ingredient?
Well, it's loaded with sugar,
which is why we liked it as ki
ds.
For those who haven't outgrown
this Frankfurter faux pas,
the White Sox have provided a
super-sized dispenser.
But there's a catch.
If you douse your dog,
the Sox have installed a bell o
f shame,
a tradition started at nearby
35th Street Red Hots.
(audience faintly cheering)
- It tastes like I'm 5 years old.
- It's very sweet.
Alright, I will just,
I'll do this to myself.
(bell chiming)
(audience cheering) - So ash
amed.
- I own my shame.
Whether at a neighborhood hot
dog stand or the ballpark.
(audience cheering) Oh, sing
le!
- Nice. - Go, Sox!
Chicagoans wear their love
for our signature style hot
dogs on their sleeves.
Oh!
And sometimes on their laps.
- We need napkins.
- All right, go!
(suspenseful music)
about that? Chicago dog? We're also
watching in thestudio and thinking it'd b
e a great time to have
a Chicago dogright now and there's a
greatway to learn about a city. And
one is through its food. Anotherone is
in Chicago. Anyway, isthe great River
tour. GeoffreyBaer does the Chicago R
ivertours and now the Chicago
Mystery Tour. Great ways tolearn about
a city. There'sanother great way to learn
abouta city. Sit down in your
livingroom and turn on
PBS Wisconsinbecause we take you all
over theworld. Today , it happens to
beChicago and the mysteries ofChicago. But tomorr
ow it couldbe another city
and anothercountry, another continent or
even another time.
PBS Wisconsinis so happy
to take you toplaces and
to share stories from around the world
and across the eons
, because that's what we
do.And that's why you
come to us.Because, you know, you're goingto get
high quality, engagingentertainm ent
and you're goingto learn
something, too. Onething we ask
of you is to becomea member here
at PBS Wisconsin .
Your membership support allows
us to go out and buy programs
just like this one. It's easy todo.
Call one (800) 236-3636. Andwhen
you do, make that membership gift, we've got some
wonderful ways to say thank
youwith a little bit more about
that, here's Regina. >> We
do have some really wonderful ways to say
thank youfor being a
member of PBSWisconsin. You
are who who helpsus bring these
high quality programs right
to your livingroom . So with your
monthly gift
of $10, we'll send you thisgreat
book about Chicago
mysteries . Everything
rangingfrom who really started the
Chicago Fire
to Al Capone.There's some
really greatmysteries in here
for $15 amonth, we'll send you this
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ht we're enjoyingChicago
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won't you?>> Are you willing to have
. >> Your
.
If that last story made you hu
ngry for a hot dog,
we'll fix that right now.
For this next mystery,
we were granted exclusive acce
ss to the basement
of a North Side condo building.
- It is pretty creepy down here.
(Geoffrey laughs)
- [Geoffrey] In the 1890s, th
is was a sausage factory
where Adolf Luetgert allegedly
disposed of his wife's body
after murdering her.
- Somewhere here in the basement,
there were these three wooden v
ats,
which are very important to t
he story
of Louisa Luetgert and her di
sappearance.
- Author and historian, Ro
bert Loerzel,
has been studying the Luetge
rt case for 30 years
and wrote an authoritative bo
ok about it
called "Alchemy of Bones."
- There are parts of this baseme
nt
that were here in 1897 when the
murder happened.
- [Geoffrey] Adolf Luetgert
was a German immigrant
who was once so successful,
he was called "Chicago's Sausag
e King."
But by 1897, he'd fallen on ha
rd times.
His factory was closed.
And his wife, Louisa, was no
t happy about it.
- [Robert] They were having arg
uments.
Luetgert was also allegedly ha
ving some affairs at the time.
- [Geoffrey] They lived in a t
hree-story mansion
next to the sausage plant with
their two young sons.
But Adolf often spent his nigh
ts in the factory.
- After Adolf Luetgert spent
the night of May 1st, 1897,
in the basement here working ar
ound this vat,
the next morning his wife was gon
e
and Luetgert doesn't seem too
concerned about it.
And then he tells his workmen,
"Oh, you gotta clean up the bas
ement."
And they come in here
and they see all this slimy goo.
And when the police went throu
gh it,
they found some little pieces
of what looked like bone.
(suspenseful music)
- [Geoffrey] When authorities
emptied the vat,
they uncovered more than just
bones.
(liquid draining)
- They also found among all
this slime that was in the vat,
two golden rings,
one of which had the initials
LL engraved on it.
So this is when the police ch
arged Adolf Luetgert
with killing his wife
and dissolving her body in th
e vat
full of potash in the basement.
- [Geoffrey] Oh, my God.
Rumors quickly spread that Lu
etgert
had turned his wife into encas
ed meat
and sold her to the public.
(suspenseful music)
- There are reports about how
people in Chicago
became more reluctant to eat
sausage for a little while.
- [Geoffrey] Luetgert was tr
ied for murder
in the late summer of 1897
in a courtroom packed with m
orbid gawkers
and frenzied reporters.
(ragtime piano music)
- It was sort of, you know, li
ke the OJ Simpson trial
where there's a media circus.
- [Geoffrey] After an eight w
eek trial
that featured the first ever us
e of forensic evidence,
Luetgert's fate was handed t
o the jury.
The Chicago Journal, desperat
e for a scoop,
snuck a team of reporters into
the courthouse attic.
- They tied one reporter to
a chair.
(Geoffrey laughs)
Lowered him by a rope down t
he heating shaft
of the courthouse
so that he was right outside
the vents of the room
where the jury was deliberating.
(Geoffrey laughs)
And he was eavesdropping on the
ir deliberations
and relaying it to the newsroom.
And while the jury was still
out,
the Chicago Journal started
reporting verbatim reports
of what the jurors were saying.
(gentle music)
- [Geoffrey] In the end, the
jury was hopelessly deadlocked.
But Adolf was convicted in a s
econd trial
and spent the rest of his life
in Joliet State Prison.
(somber piano music)
- There were stories,
and I'm a little skeptical abou
t this,
that when he was there at the p
rison in Joliet,
that he was being haunted by h
is wife's ghost.
(ghosts whispering indistinctly)
- Louisa's ghost was also reporte
d
here in the factory basement
by an unnerved police investi
gator.
He described a glowing orb of
light
and a white-clad figure
said to resemble Louisa.
Oh wait, what's that?
(equipment clanking)
Holy smokes.
- Um.
(equipment clanking)
- I gotta say,
those sounds are a little disc
oncerting in here.
(curious suspenseful music)
Could Louisa's ghost be send
ing us a message?
Like, Robert, I'm skeptical.
You lead us.
But to explore the idea,
we contacted self-described gh
ost researcher,
Dale Kaczmarek.
Dale has been investigating
reports
of apparitions since the mid-
1970s.
- [Dale] We have a lot of diff
erent detection equipment.
- [Geoffrey] He showed up at
the former sausage factory
with an arsenal of gadgets.
- So this actually has a temper
ature probe right here.
We could encounter what's call
ed a cold spot.
- [Geoffrey] He says they could
help us track down evidence
of Louisa's spirit.
- That is the actual detection
device.
An EM Vortex, sometimes called
EM Pumps,
were kind of feeding the ghost.
- [Geoffrey] Look at that thing.
- We've actually had some of
these devices
go off on command.
(device whirring) (suspenseful
music)
- Once we were fully equipped...
Okay, let's do it.
We canvassed the premises.
- It just said, "Here."
Anybody here that wants to com
municate?
- To help us navigate the ba
sement,
we used vintage floor plans
that had been printed in the
newspapers during the trial.
Where do you think the vats w
ere?
- Well, probably just this dir
ection somewhere.
- And while our sensors did
blurt out
some intriguing messages,
I got nothing here. - Homici
de. Elemental.
- Homicide. Elemental?
We still couldn't find any de
finitive answers
about what really happened to
Louisa Luetgert.
- [Dave] This is pretty much
a dead end right here.
- Okay, I don't like you using
the word dead.
(air whooshing)
(somber reflective music)
- This building? - This buildin
g. Yeah.
I mean this was her...
- [Geoffrey] The search for
Louisa Luetgert's ghost
turned up empty.
So Dale Kaczmarek took us to a
Chicago landmark,
he says is crawling with ghosts.
- Sure, there's been reports
of shadowy monk-like figures
that have been seen upstairs.
(eerie music)
- [Geoffrey] In this mansion,
social reformer, Jane Addams,
founded America's first settle
ment house in 1889
to serve a neighborhood
that had become crowded with
poor immigrants.
But is Hull House haunted?
- We're standing in an area t
hat supposedly
where there's a portal,
an interdimensional doorway.
- Right there, right?
- Right behind us there.
- This folder is your Hull H
ouse research?
- Yes, this is something that d
ates back to the 1970s.
- The 70s?
Can I take a look? - Sure.
(ominous music)
Fascinating, Dale, I...
Dale?
Hmm, looks like we'll need so
me help finishing that story.
Fortunately, Hull House Museum
education manager,
Nadia Maragha, knows all abou
t it.
- We have a sort of a concrete
slab out in the courtyard
and it used to be the site o
f a fountain.
(ominous music)
- And that's significant in som
e way?
- Yeah, it's supposedly a port
al to hell.
(ominous music)
So people have said that they'
ve seen
little girls dancing kind of
or playing around that space
and so they're known as the f
ountain girls.
(cacophony of ominous whispers)
- So we know of Hull House fo
r Jane Addams
and all the social justice work.
We don't usually think of it as
a haunted house.
- (laughing) If you listen t
o the stories,
it's a very haunted house.
- In recent years, the Hull H
ouse Museum
has embraced its supernatural
side with the public.
- So this is Jane Addams' bedroo
m.
- Mm-hmm.
- [Nadia] Sometimes people have
said they feel like
they're being watched in thi
s space.
- The most renowned paranorm
al occupant
is said to be in the attic,
the devil baby of Hull House.
So I reluctantly followed Nadia
there.
So what supposedly happened in
here?
- So this was supposedly where
the baby,
the devil baby is haunting.
(Geoffrey exclaims)
- In 1913, Jane Addams wrote
that there were these storie
s circulating
around the neighborhood,
that there was a child that was
born to a family
that had cloven hooves,
had a tail, had horns.
Think your most stereotypical
devil image (laughs),
that was this baby.
- [Geoffrey] So why would a
local woman
have given birth to a devil?
And why did neighbors believ
e it was at Hull House?
- Jane Addams wrote, she was
fascinated by this phenomenon.
It lasted, she said, for abou
t six weeks.
And sometimes they would have
like lines
going down the street of people
trying to get in to see the
devil baby.
(somber music)
- [Geoffrey] The tale varied de
pending
on the teller's religion and
ethnicity.
- [Nadia] According to the Ca
tholic version,
there was a very devout Catholi
c woman
who married an atheist man.
He takes this religious imag
e off the wall,
throws it across the room
and says that he'd rather have a
devil in his house
than that image.
And so lo and behold, (child
crying)
this devil child is born.
My favorite part is that
Jane Addams said some versio
ns of the story,
the baby takes the cigar out of
the dad's mouth
and starts smoking it.
But then they don't know what t
o do with this baby.
So they bring it to Hull House.
Hull House takes it to the church
and tries to get the baby bapti
zed,
but it like runs away from them
and they have to catch it again.
And so they just lock it away
in the attic of the house.
(suspenseful music)
- [Geoffrey] Jane Addams came t
o see the story
as a kind of folk tale that em
powered immigrant women
who had long been burdened wi
th all the responsibilities
of home and family and blamed
for their failings.
- And it was sort of validating
their experiences in a lot of wa
ys.
- Because it wasn't their fault,
it was their husband's fault?
- Exactly. (laughing)
- Do you think it's a haunted
house?
- I...
I don't disbelieve it, so.
- Really? - Yeah.
I have, you know,
heard little things here and th
ere or it never
made real trouble for us, I'
ll say that much.
(suspenseful music) (Geoffrey
gasps)
(wolf howling)
(dramatic pensive music)
- [Geoffrey] At the break of d
awn, on July 9th, 2019,
photographer Ren Horst was at
the Humboldt Park Boathouse,
taking pictures of a soon to
be 15-year-old
for her Latin American quincean
era celebration.
- And she was actually right
in front of me
and I was a little a step back
and her mom was behind us.
- [Geoffrey] As the morning
sun rose over the park,
Horst and her clients suddenly
noticed,
well something lurking beneat
h them in the lagoon.
- I took a look, looked right o
ver there
and saw two eyes above
and we're like, "What is that?"
So I took a picture real fast.
(camera clicks)
I had no idea what I was captur
ing at the moment
other than some eyes that were
above the water.
- [Geoffrey] But when Ren to
ok a closer look
at the photographs. (camera
clicks)
- We're like wow, "It's an all
igator!"
- [Geoffrey] How in the worl
d did an alligator
get into Humboldt Park Lagoon?
How could it survive in such
an urban environment?
And most importantly, how coul
d it be safely removed?
Reporter Mina Bloom with the on
line news service
Block Club Chicago was first
on the scene.
- I was in no way ready for wh
at was about to happen.
- [Geoffrey] She'd been cove
ring the Humboldt Park Beat
for nearly a decade
and was a bit skeptical that
this was a legit lead,
until she saw the photographs.
- I was like, "This is a gator."
Like there's no question.
(upbeat music)
- [Geoffrey] Bloom broke the
story
and soon gator mania was ever
ywhere.
♪ Hey ♪
- [Mina] All of a sudden there
were thousands of people
just like around the perimeter
of this lagoon.
(upbeat music)
- [Geoffrey] As a multi-agency e
ffort began
to rescue the elusive crocod
ilian,
Block Club launched an onlin
e poll
to give it an official nickname.
- [Mina] Croc Obama was one of
them.
Ruth Gator Ginsburg.
But then we ended up going with
Chance the Snapper.
It's a nod to our hometown ra
pper, Chance The Rapper.
(upbeat music)
- [Geoffrey] Chance the Snap
per made headlines
all the way to Time Magazine
and Chance the Rapper himself
even gave his reptilian alte
r ego a shout out
on The Tonight Show with Jim
my Fallon.
- Yeah.
- Do you have any words for Ch
ance if he's watching?
- Oh yeah, man.
Keep your head up. (audience
laughing)
They got you locked down.
They can have your body but
they can't have your mind.
(all laughing)
- The search went on for a week.
Who's gonna be the one to cap
ture it?
- [Geoffrey] Animal control
experts
have been striking out for days
and less qualified locals had
started getting into the act.
- There was one guy who put a
rotisserie chicken on a string
and like dangled it into the la
goon.
(Geoffrey laughs) I remember tha
t.
So they ended up bringing a gu
y from Florida.
Frank Robb is his name,
but we ended up calling him
Alligator Robb.
(group clapping)
- In the middle of the night
on July 16th,
less than a day after arrivi
ng on the scene,
Robb snagged Chance the Snap
per using a fishing pole.
The mystery is how did it get
into Humboldt Park Lagoon?
Does anyone really know?
- No one totally knows for sure.
- [Geoffrey] Did he escape f
rom a zoo?
Swim up the Mississippi?
Did someone flush him down the
toilet?
- One of the biggest pieces o
f evidence
is he actually had a bent snout.
- [Geoffrey] In other words,
it's likely poor Chance was caged
and had grown so big his nose
was pressed
against the side of the enclosure
.
- The prevailing theory is that
this gator was somebody's pet
and they got tired of it
and they dumped it in the lago
on.
(bright music)
- Happily, Chance now lives
with a cadre of crocodilian
companions
in a Florida refuge called the
St. Augustine Alligator Farm.
Hey Robb, can you see me?
We reached out to Alligator
Robb for an update.
Where is he?
- [Robb] This is him facing u
s right here
and him walking out. - Hi, Ch
ance.
Greetings from Chicago.
We love you, buddy.
Here's Humboldt Park Lagoon.
Do you remember this spot?
And so how big was he when he
was here?
- Whenever we caught him,
he was four foot and like an inch
.
I'd say he's grown probably t
wo feet.
You don't move him around very
easy anymore.
And he's a big lizard these d
ays.
(country music)
- And there's a final twist
to the story.
You became like a celebrity in
Chicago.
You got to start Buckingham Fou
ntain
and throw out a pitch at Wrigl
ey Field.
(audience cheering)
How did it change your life?
- I had some heart issues,
you know, not too long after a
ll that.
(country music)
- [Geoffrey] Not only did Al
ligator Robb save Chance's life,
but Chance saved Alligator Robb.
- The media up there helped me
find my doctor
who did my heart surgery,
helped fundraise the money to
pay that off.
The city of Chicago is a lot
of the reason
that I'm still here.
(country music)
- It became a story,
not just about an alligator in t
he lagoon,
but about so many people of diffe
rent backgrounds,
of different ages coming togethe
r.
It felt like the best of Chicago.
(country music fades)
(suspenseful music)
>> Well, I always thoughtChicago was
the Windy City, but
I guess it's the mystery
City.Here on PBS Wisconsin, we'v eseen some of the
mysteries ofChicago . Which ones of
them willyou check out next time you
go? Will you go
looking for analligator? I
know one of the mysteries. I'm going to be
checking out again is theChicago hot dog. Got to
have oneon every trip.
It's a great way to find new
things out about a city
that may be familiar to
you. Or maybe you'd like to be more familiar to you.
W ell,through the magic of
PBSWisconsin , you were able
to experience a side
of Chicagothat maybe you hadn't seen
before. And isn't that reallywhat
you come to expect from PBSWisconsin
? Seeing places and
seeing aspects of places thatyou
just didn't know about before? We're
really glad to be able
to bring you programs likethis. This
is our pledge drive,and
we are asking you to supportyour
public TV station by making a gift right now.
The number is
one (800) 236-3636. Why don't
you call right now ?>>
PBS Wisconsin does
bring justsuch wonderful
programing rightinto your living room. So
ifyou're not a member
already,give us a call and become
amember tonight for your monthlygift of
$10. We'll send you thisgreat
Chicago Mysteries book
. Alot of these I had never
read before, and so
many of the stories we saw tonight,
I wasn'tfamiliar with either
. So I feel like I'm learning something new
every day. So f
or that $10monthly
gift, we'll send you this great book of
Chicagomysteries for $15 a month.
We'llsend you this great jigsawpuzzle.
Looks like a good challenge
for sure. For a nicecozy night in. And then
for $20a month, we'll send you this
fabulous book alongside the
jigsaw puzzle and a
PBSWisconsin Water bottle. So
giveus a call now
at (800)2 363636.>> We're
so glad you joined ustonight. We hope
you enjoyedthis
engaging and
entertaining tour through
Chicago. Chicago's Mysteries with Jeffrey
Bear.It's programs like
this that we
know and love and that we come
back to again and again at
PBSWisconsin. Won't you join us
insupporting programs like this
bycalling or going online andbecoming
a sustainer? It's one
of the easiest ways you cangive. There's
lots of ways togive and support
, but being a sustainer is just really
simple.It's easy for you to sign
up forongoing giving through
yourchecking account or your cre dit
card , and it
comes with somereally wonderful
benefits like "Airwaves"
program Guide eachmonth and
PBS Passport . You canalso
let us thank you with thewonderful gifts
that Reginatalked about . So please give
usa call
at one (800) 236-3636 orjoin
us online at pbswisconsin.org
PBS Wisconsin is your public
television station and it's
not just yours because it's
nearby .>> It's yours
because it was organized
, conceived , and
developed for only
one purpose to serve you,
to bring youprograms that inspire, thateducate
and on our best days
,entertain. And I think you'veseen that
today we are yourpublic television
station.There's another way that we'reyour
station. It's because yousupport us
. Your financial support makes us
yours. Just like your
decision to choose towatch us makes
us yours
. And what better thing
could you dofor your station
than ensure the programing budget
for next year by making your gift
to PBSWisconsin
tonight ? We enjoyed a
great look at Chicago
courtesyof PBS Wisconsin. And in
a lotof ways, it's
courtesy of you.Because when you make your
gift,you're making the programschedule
possible and you're helping bringing programs
to you. Your family, and your
community. We thank you
forthat. We ask you to do
it againby calling the
number on your screen
. Won't you ? I know you
want to see your financialsupport
really does make animpact here
at PBS Wisconsin
.>> So let us thank you. When
youbecome a member
with thisfantastic book of Chicagomysteries
, there's
40 differentmysteries in here that they
cover . I'm most interested inwhat
he's got to say about theChicago Fire
for sure. So at $10a month, you
will take home this
fantastic book .
And for $15 amonth,
we'll send you this greatjigsaw
puzzle again, such abeautiful view of
the Chicago skyline. And
for $20 a month, wewill send you
this fantastic
PBSWisconsin water bottle alongsidethe
jigsaw puzzle and the book.And
don't forget when you are a
member at any level, you'll get our monthly "Airwaves"
programing guide . So give us
acall. We have great volunteers
waiting. >> (800) 236-3636 and we
want tothank again this
evening themembers of our heritage
Society .Incredible
folks who have made a
long time commitment . So acommitment
through their will,through their estate plans toensure tha
t programing like whatyou're
watching this evening and all of the programs
that you've come to
love on PBS Wisconsin will go on
for many generations to come. Those funds
areinvested and
carefully nurtured
to ensure that that
we cancontinue to support
PBSWisconsin and these programs
foryears to come . It's easy
tobecome a member of the HeritageSociety
. You can learn more at
pbswisconsin.org . Slash legacy.Or
you can give our
team a calland
ask any question that youlike, and we
can help you out along the way. As
you make yourplans . But you can
also callthis evening to pledge yoursupport
as a sustainer
by calling
one (800) 236-3636.>> PBS Wisconsin brings you
allkinds of shows like this one,and
like the newest smash
hit Wisconsin Lighthouses
. And our service doesn't stop with
asingle broadcast
because therewill be another broadcast and
you will be able to stream itand
there will be educational materials available
online foryou to share with
a family member or for teachers
to usewith their students
. PBSWisconsin i
s continuously rolling out
great new programs,great
new services , no matterwhat
the technology, no matter what the subject, we
create, the programs that are going
to bringyou value , that are going toinspire you, t
hat are going toengage
you and are going to makeyou feel
the pride of being
awisconsinite. It's not it's nosmall thing
to live here in Wisconsin. And it's
no smallthing to have a great public
television station like your
PBSWisconsin .
And one of the
waysyou make that very, veryimpactful
service possible
isthrough your contributions
by
calling one (800) 236-3636.>> Your
contributions really dohelp us
fund such wonderful programing like
WisconsinLighthouses and the programwe're
watching tonight. So let'stake another look
at these greatthank
you gifts available to
youat the
$10 a month level . Wewill send
you this great book about Chicago
m ysteries. Again,there's
so many in here and they
make such a wonderful gift. Any
time of the year at the
$15 amonth level . We will send
youthis great jigsaw puzzle with a
beautiful view of that Chicagoskyline
. And finally , with yourgift
of $20, a month, we willsend
you not only the book
andthe jigsaw puzzle
, but a PBSWisconsin Water
bottle as well.Your
gift makes a huge impact,so
call us now
at (800) 236-3636or visit us
at pbswisconsin.org
.>> That's right, visit us onlineor
watch us on our many
channels or
watch us through Passport
.Stay with PBS Wisconsin
. You'llconstantly be surprised
,delighted and reminded
that your public television
station is doing something
every day toenhance your
life, to enrichyour life, to be a
gift to achild, to
a grandchild, a niece,a nephew, a
sister , a brother,
a parent, someone
who is maybe homebound and can't get
aroundaround this great state oraround this
great country or around the world
. PBSWisconsin's got you
covered.We're going to bring you the
programs that are important and valuable. We're
going to bringyou some tried and true,
andwe're going to bring you somenew
things that you never
imagined. You know, sometimesthe show
that comes along issomething you didn't know you
had to watch. And there it is.And you wondered
how you gotalong without it. You can
thinkabout programs like Masterp ieceTheater
, Sesame Street, Bill
Moyers programs
, the NewsHour,these
are shows that at one
point didn't exist . They wereadded to your calend
ar. Theywere added to your schedule
. PBSWisconsin is here to do that.We'll continue
to do that, and
we'll continue to rely on you asa vie
wer and as a donor. Ifyou've already
made your gift,thank you .[MUSIC]
(suspenseful music continues)
- Announcer: The following prog
ram
is an encore presentation.
To give your support, call us at
1-800-236-3636
or visit us at pbswisconsin.org.
[cheering]
♪
♪ Listen to the wind blow
♪ Watch the sun rise
♪
♪ Running in the shadows
♪ Damn your love, damn your
lies ♪
♪
♪ And if you don't love me now
♪ You will never love me again
♪ I can still hear you saying
♪ You would never break the
chain ♪
♪ Never break the chain
♪ And if you don't love me now
♪ You will never love me again
♪ I can still hear you saying
♪ You would never break the
chain ♪
♪ Never break the chain
♪
♪ Listen to the wind blow
♪ Down comes the night
♪
♪ Running in the shadows
♪ Damn your love, damn your
lies ♪
♪
♪ Break the silence
♪ Damn the dark, damn the light
♪
♪ And if you don't love me now
♪ You will never love me again
♪ I can still hear you saying
♪ You would never break the
chain ♪
♪ Never break the chain
♪ And if you don't love me now
♪ You will never love me again
♪ I can still hear you saying
♪ You would never break the
chain ♪
♪ Never break the chain
♪ And if you don't love me now
♪ You will never love me again
♪ I can still hear you saying
♪ You would never break
♪ Never break the chain
♪