cc  >> Welcome to another edition of  History Sandwiched In.  You probably have trouble not  noticing that Earth Day will be  coming up in two days.  It will be the 40th anniversary  so the 41st Earth Day.  We're celebrating it here at the  museum.  We have a whole exhibit about  Gaylord Nelson right on the  first floor.  There's also some information on  the political history of Gaylord  Nelson at our headquarters  building on the other side of  State Street on campus.  And we have been lucky enough to  have, today, a speaker about  Gaylord Nelson and Earth Day.  It's Sheila Cohen, who's been  kind enough to grace our museum  with her presence today.  Now I just want to mention,  there's a series of books called  Badger Biographies.  Some of you have seen them. 

 Supposedly they are for young  readers, but let me tell you,  they are for everybody.  And we here at the staff consult  them all the time.  They're wonderful books.  And our speaker today has  written two of them.  First of all,  "Mai Ya's Long Journey."  And our speaker met Mai Ya  because our speaker was an  English as a second language  teacher, and Mai Ya was one of  her students.  So Ms. Cohen wrote a biography  of her.  Now more to the point, the  governor and senator, Gaylord  Nelson, the originator of Earth  Day and we'll especially be  happy to celebrate his presence  and we have here, let's welcome  our speaker, Sheila Cohen.  (applause)  These books are here  in our bookstore, and Sheila  Cohen will be happy to sign them  for you.  Thank you, so much.  >> Sheila Cohen: Well, hello  to everyone and thank you  so much for coming inside  on a gorgeous day like this. 

 I truly appreciate it.  Gaylord Nelson, as many of you  may know, gave 32 years of  public service both to our  country and our state.  And yet I've noticed a lot of  people who are under the age of  30 sort of look at me with  glazed eyes when I say I've  written a book about Gaylord  Nelson.  It's not until I say that he was  the founder of Earth Day that  they realize who I'm talking  about.  But Gaylord Nelson did so much  more than found Earth Day.  There is so much that he  contributed to our country and  our world.  In fact, so much so that I asked  one of my invited friends to  start singing  "There's No Business  Like Show Business"  when I go overboard,  just like at the Academy Awards.  Somebody has got to start  humming "There's No Business  Like Show Business" because  there's so much to talk about.  I think the best place do begin  would probably be at the  beginning.  So let's see, that's not what I  want. 

 >> Hit the little button on top  again.  >> Cohen: Okay.  >> May I?  >> Cohen: Certainly, yeah.  I hit the one that's supposed to  have it go forward.  >> Just a second, we'll get it.  >> Cohen: Okay.  I suppose I could also use this.  >> I'm sorry, just a minute.  >> Cohen: Sure, I could use the  arrows on this, I would guess.  >> No, we'll get it, eventually. 

 >> Cohen: Okay.  >> I'm sorry about this.  >> Cohen: That's all right.  It was working just before I  started.  >> Yes, it was.  But the gremlins have come.  >> Cohen: Do you want me to try  the arrows on the machine?  You can start humming  "There's No Business Like  Show Business" already.  Okay.  >> I'm sorry, ladies and  gentlemen.  >> Cohen: So there he is  and at this time  I believe he was Wisconsin  state senator. 

 But I think the best place to  start would be with the  beginning because Wisconsin and  Clear Lake, Wisconsin, in  particular, were so much a part  of who this man became.  He was Gaylord Anton Nelson.  He was born on June 4, 1916.  And the kids in the  neighborhood, understandably,  thought that Gaylord was a  pretty large name to stick on a  little boy, and so one of them  started teasing him and calling  him "Happy" which, at the time,  was the only connotation you  could give to the word gay.  So Happy stuck with him and  stuck with him, actually, until  he graduated college.  Gaylord was one of four  children.  He had two older sisters,  Margaret and Janet, and a  younger brother, Stannard, who  happened to be born exactly two  years to the date of Gaylord's  birthday.  So they shared birthday parties.  Generally they got along pretty  well, but at times Gaylord was  known to sort take advantage of  his advanced age and status, and  a case in point would be at a  Clear Lake picnic when a person  gave Stannard a nickel,  excuse me, a dime,  and gave Gaylord a nickel.  And Gaylord held the two coins  up to his brother and said,  "Look, mine is bigger,  I'm sure I can buy a lot  more ice cream than you can."  And of course Stannard, not  knowing any better, traded. 

 And so years later, possibly out  of guilt or just his sense of  humor, Gaylord sent his brother  a check for $500 saying,  "This is for the interest  on the loan,  plus criminal penalties."  (laughter)  They lived in a small  house in Clear Lake, but the  ideas coming from that house  were very big.  And there was a lot of modeling  of leadership and public  service.  His father was the area family  doctor, which was very  important.  He was the only one out of two  that were around in the area.  And this is an area in Clear  Lake called Doctors Corner.  Sometimes Gaylord would go with  his father when things were  still, when there was a lot of  snow on the ground because at  the time there really weren't  adequate snow plows to plow the  streets, and he would go with  his father in the sleigh to make  house calls.  If any of you remember when  doctors still made house calls.  And he saw at the time, I think  it sort of infused him with the  idea that public service was a  very, very special thing.  Sometimes they would go in their  Model T car.  And that car will come into play  a little bit later. 

 Gaylord's mother was also a  leader in the community.  She was a nurse at the local  hospital and she was  an activist.  She was heading the women's  suffrage movement and was  extremely happy in August 1920  when Woodrow Wilson finally gave  women the right to vote.  Both of his parents were  extremely interested in  politics.  And their man  was Fighting Bob La Follette.  They really liked the ideas that  he advocated for,  the populist reform ideas.  And he had actually split off,  not entirely from the republican  party, but as a wing of the  republican party called  the Progressives.  When he died in 1925, his son,  then called Young Bob, ran for  his seat in 1926 for the Senate  and leading the Progressives.  And it was at this moment that  Gaylord Nelson feels he had his  epiphany about wanting to become  a politician.  He went in that car that we  talked about, the Model T car,  with his father to Amery,  Wisconsin, and in Amery  Young Bob La Follette  was giving a whistle stop tour. 

 And at that time everybody from  everywhere gathered around if  there was any politician on  hand, and he saw that people  were cheering and Young Bob was  spouting all these lofty ideas,  and he said to his father on the  way home, "You know, I think  I want to be a politician."  But he said, "Young Bob La  Follette has such good ideas  maybe there won't be anything  left for me to do by the time I  get there."  (laughter)  Well, there was  plenty left for him to do.  One of the largest forces in  Gaylord Nelson's life was Clear  Lake itself and the atmosphere  there.  It had two very pristine lakes.  There were forests all around,  and Gaylord used those as his  classroom, as his learning  tools.  He spent hours out in the woods  just exploring nature or fishing  or swimming, skating.  He felt so much freer in that  atmosphere than he did in the  straight rows of seats in the  classroom.  So really the classroom, though  he was very bright, the  classroom was not very appealing  to Gaylord.  And he didn't really apply  himself very much.  But in spite of the fact that  Gaylord was not particularly  fond of school, he was  particularly fond of the kids  that went to school with him and  they were with him.  And I think as proof of that,  when I was looking in the  archives at the State Historical  Society, there were letters that  he saved from classmates who had  wished him well when he had  rheumatic fever and couldn't  come to school. 

 And in those days rheumatic  fever was very dangerous.  It was a fatal disease because  there weren't any medications to  take care of it.  So, fortunately, he recovered  from that but saved the letters.  And this one says, let's see, I  think there was something that  said, oh, yeah, Ms. Parks says,  one of the letters said it would  be very good if you came back to  our school picnic and even if  you were on crutches we think  you're going to be there.  His favorite compadre was a good  friend by the name of Sherman  Benson.  And these guys got into a little  bit of trouble in Clear Lake.  And in Clear Lake, town of 700,  everybody knew who you were so  everybody knew what was going  on.  And at one point, for some odd  reason, they thought it would be  very funny to put a heifer in  the living room of the local  banker.  They thought he needed a little  sense of humor.  So they did things like that,  but they were pretty harmless  and just a little bit  mischievous. 

 Let's see.  Oh, yeah, I think there probably  wasn't much of a dull moment  when Gaylord was around.  This is a letter that he wrote  to his mom saying, at age 13,  "I took the car all by myself,"  while she was away and couldn't  do very much about it.  Gaylord, as he got older, and  still high school was not the  thing for him, but he loved the  extra curricular activities and  one of those was playing the  trumpet in the high school band.  Years later when a reporter  asked him why he thought he was  on Nixon's enemy list in the  early '70s he said, "Because  Nixon was probably in Clear Lake  and heard me play trumpet  in the band."  (laughter)  He was also a leader there.  He was captain of the football  team and captain of the  basketball team.  But oddly enough, when he was  asked to give the graduation  speech for his 39 classmates and  their parents, he got very, very  nervous, feigned illness and  never went to his own graduation  from high school.  So here's a man who made  hundreds of speeches later on  influencing people and still in  high school that's how he felt.  He really didn't feel prepared  when he graduated high school.  He didn't feel prepared to go on  to college. 

 He tried a couple of junior  colleges in the state.  And he just felt he wasn't ready  yet.  So he came back home and he  joined the Works Progress  Administration which was part of  Franklin's Roosevelt's program  to put people to work during the  Great Depression in the '30s.  After a year of shoveling gravel  he decided perhaps he was ready  to go to college.  (laughter)  So, in fact, he did.  He went to San Jose State  College in California where his  two sisters had gone before him,  and he was ready because he got  straight As and graduated with  honors.  So here's a picture of Gaylord  and his mother, and I think his  mother has this kind of look on  her face like, "thank goodness."  (laughter)  It's over.  After he graduated from college,  he decided that he was going to  go on to law school at the  University of Wisconsin.  And he did that.  And oddly enough, he met up  again with his mentor, young Bob  La Follette. 

 La Follette was running again on  the Progressive ticket for a  Senate seat, and Gaylord,  immediately then, became head of  the Young Progressives on campus  and worked and worked for him in  his campaign to the point where  he barely was able to take  enough courses to graduate with  his class in 1942 but he did  that.  And in 1942, of course, World  War II was already going on and  six months prior to his  graduation Pearl Harbor was  attacked.  So he decided he was definitely  going to enlist in the army when  he got out.  And he did that.  He went to officers candidate  school and became a second  lieutenant in charge of an all  African American unit.  It was the first time that  Gaylord Nelson had ever really  brushed up against  discrimination and segregation.  He realized that his own troops  were not able to go into the  same places that the white  troops were able to go.  Their barracks were less than  the classic barrack.  And even the officers were not  able to go to the officers club,  to the pool.  And Gaylord was appalled by this  and vowed to himself that if and  when he became a politician, he  was going to take care of that. 

 He was later shipped, with his  group, to Okinawa, but just  after he was shipped there, we  had bombed Japan and the war was  over.  But one of the best things about  being in the army, he thought,  was meeting his wife Carrie Lee  Dotson.  She was a nurse and he had met  her at the first base at  Indiantown Gap.  And, coincidentally, she was  then sent to Okinawa shortly  after Gaylord, and they re-met  and decided that they were  definitely going to see each  other when they got home.  And in fact, they were married  in 1947.  Now Carrie Lee was and still is  a sort of no-nonsense gal.  She tells it like she sees it.  And when she was asked many  years after their wedding what  she attributes to the successful  marriage when Gaylord was such a  busy man and away from home so  much, she just didn't miss a  beat and said,  "That's easy, we're both in love  with the same man."  (laughter)  Gaylord did not lose  his political ambitions, and, in  fact, ran for Congress in 1946.  Now at this time the Progressive  party had disbanded.  So the Progressives were going  either to the democratic party  or to the republican party, and  a lot of them weren't sure which  to do. 

 As a matter of fact, Gaylord  joined the republicans, ran on a  republican ticket in 1946 for  Congress and was defeated.  In 1948 he decided that the  democrats were more suited to  his way of thinking, and he ran  then for state Senate and won  the election.  Unfortunately, it was so  imbalanced.  He was one of three democrats in  the Senate against 27  republicans.  So if we think things are  contentious now, I think we have  to go back in history a little  bit.  They were contentious then too.  Being true to his beliefs, he  proposed a bill that would  integrate the National Guard  here.  Truman had already integrated  the regular armed services in  1947, but the National Guard was  still not integrated.  So he proposed this bill and  with the republicans he was  totally defeated on that.  But a republican senator then  proposed the exact same bill and  it won unanimously. 

 And the Wisconsin National Guard  was integrated.  Things like that kept going on.  He kept proposing bills that  didn't get anywhere.  Finally, in 1951 he was able to  propose a bill that did pass and  it was the state equal rights  bill.  And that gave people, that  forbid people to be  discriminated against on the  basis of their nationality or  their creed, which was added to  the bill that had already come  out about forbidding  discrimination against race.  So he was pretty tired of this,  and so he decided that to get  things done he should really run  for governor.  And, in fact, he did run for  governor and was very, very  successful.  He moved to the governor's  mansion which was a huge change  for the family.  And I might add that Gaylord  Nelson was the first democratic  governor that Wisconsin had had  in decades.  And so when he moved to the  mansion it was a huge move  because he and Carrie Lee had  lived in the Bush, the Greenbush  neighborhood of Madison. 

 And then moved into a modest  house in Crestwood.  And so going into a home like  this was quite a change, but the  Nelsons managed to keep their  casual lifestyle.  And how could they not?  They had a five-year-old little  boy, a three-year-old little  girl.  The five-year-old was Gaylord  Anton Jr.  The three-year-old is Tia  Nelson, who is still in Madison,  and their dog, of course, Wags.  And Tia Nelson, when I was doing  the interviews for this book,  she told me a very funny story.  If you see the staircase in the  back, it was a rather winding  staircase, and the Nelsons  entertained a lot of  dignitaries.  But kids will be kids.  She and Jeff stood at the top of  the landing one night when a  dignitary was saying goodbye to  Gaylord right in the middle of  the hall, and they decided,  wouldn't it be fun to fill  balloons with water and drop  them down on the guest's head?  And so they did.  And, of course, Gaylord feigned  being upset with his children,  but Tia told me she thought she  saw a twinkle in his eye. 

 And I think maybe he was  remembering his own escapades  with the cow and the banker's  house.  I don't know but he kept his  sense of humor, and he kept his  casual demeanor.  In 1961 another child came  along, and this was their  youngest, Jeff.  When I was interviewing Carrie  Lee, in her very honest way, she  said, I think people were  surprised that such things were  going on in the governor's  mansion.  (laughter)  And even though such  things were going on in the  governor's mansion a lot of  wonderful legislation came out  of that period too.  One of them, and the most  notable, was the Outdoor  Recreation Act Program.  And that was based on a one-cent  tax for cigarettes that was put  into a fund to buy up and  preserve lands in Wisconsin.  Which is very similar to what  still goes on today in the  Stewardship Program of buying  lands and preserving them for  people to enjoy.  It was such a notable thing that  Gaylord Nelson became titled the  "Conservation Governor."  And other states followed in his  lead.  Everybody wanted to know how he  did this and what he did. 

 He also preserved waterways  such as the upper St. Croix.  I don't know if any of you have  been on that, but it's just a  beautiful place.  And the...  >> Namekagon.  >> Cohen: Thank you.  That river.  (laughter)  So he did so much to  preserve the beauty of our  state.  And there he decided after two  terms as governor to run for US  Senate.  He felt that he could take his  ideas to a national level.  And so, again, he ran and was  quite successful. 

 People, young and old, already  knew of his accomplishments and  really admired him.  He spoke to young people and old  people and rural people and  urban people.  And he had such a sincerity  about him.  He was such a natural person  that people really felt he had  their concerns at heart and that  he was really listening to them.  And he spoke to people of all  walks of life.  One of the first things he did  when he became US senator was to  take advantage of the fact that  we had quite a popular president  in John F. Kennedy.  And he wanted to John Kennedy to  get on board with him in his  conservation ideas.  So he wrote him this letter and  sure enough, and he said there  is no domestic issue more  important to America in the long  run than conservation and the  proper use of its resources.  Well, Kennedy liked that.  And less than a month later, he  was doing an 11-state tour which  included Wisconsin and included  particularly the Apostle Islands  because Gaylord Nelson really  wanted to turn the Apostle  Islands into a national site  which eventually happened. 

 Gaylord's friend, dear friend,  Mr. Hanson, led a private tour  of the Apostle Islands, and I  had a chance to talk to him,  oops, there we go, I had a  chance to talk to him, and he  said it was one of the greatest  events that ever happened in the  Ashland area.  People came from all over and  heard Gaylord Nelson and Kennedy  talk about the wisdom of  preserving our environment.  How many of you have been to the  Apostle Islands?  Oh, good.  So you know how beautiful it  was.  Although Kennedy was  assassinated, as we all know, in  1963, Johnson carried on with  the work and put a Wilderness  Act into law which again  preserved so many wonderful  places, not only in Wisconsin,  but around the whole country.  And spawning from that was the  National Trails Act which  preserved places like the  Appalachian Trail going all the  way from, I've skipped a little  bit, I'm going to go back again,  I thought I was going to go back  again, I'll get to that in a  minute, the Appalachian Trail on  the east coast, the Pacific  Coast Trail all the way from  Canada to southern California,  and the North Country Trail  which goes all the way across  the top of the country from New  York to North Dakota.  Have any of you enjoyed those  trails at all?  Okay, okay.  I haven't and this book, doing  the research on this book has  certainly made me want to do  that.  Thanks okay, I'm already on that  slide now.  >> Okay, I'll get rid of it. 

 >> No, no I don't want to get  rid of it, that's the slide I'm  on.  >> That's the end of it?  >> Yeah, this is a new slide.  But you're going to start  humming.  You said you would start  humming.  Another thing that he did was  take on the chemical companies.  Nobody had the nerve to do  something like that.  But if any of you remember, in  the 1950s they went around with  huge trucks down streets where  kids were playing and fogged the  whole area with DDT.  You could hardly breathe, you  could hardly see.  And they were finding out that  DDT was actually destroying the  egg shells of birds and so that  there weren't as many birds  being born, and there were some  studies that were beginning to  show that it had some  carcinogenic effects on human  beings.  So Gaylord really took them to  task and eventually, in 1957,  DDT was banned for use like  that. 

 Well, while we're doing, he also  took on the pharmaceutical  companies, and thanks to Gaylord  Nelson we now have warnings on  our medical bottles telling us  what some of the side effects  are.  Before that time, we didn't have  that.  Okay, so he became a very  popular US senator and, in fact,  on his next campaign for his  next term, he did a whistle stop  tour very much like his mentor  that started the whole ball  rolling in Amery, Wisconsin.  So it was a La Follette memory.  Here's a picture of his  daughter, Tia, which she happens  to love, and so do I because if  you look at their two  expressions, you can almost tell  she's going to follow in her  father's foot steps in one way  or another.  And in fact, today, she is the  Executive Secretary of the  Wisconsin Board of Commissioners  of Public Lands that sets aside  funds that have been gotten from  public lands and uses them for,  among other things, preserving  forests.  So I had to include that.  Okay, aside from the  environment, Gaylord Nelson  inherited some very tumultuous  times.  One of those times was the  McCarthy era.  And although McCarthy was  already dead by the time he  became a US senator, McCarthy  had died in 1957, HUAC, which  was the House Un-American  Activities Committee, was still  rearing its ugly head and  accusing people, falsely, of  communist affiliations and that  sort of thing. 

 Gaylord was very familiar with  McCarthy because he was a state  senator from Wisconsin and had  actually joined a truth squad,  they called themselves, a  democratic truth squad that  followed McCarthy to his various  appearances and challenged him  on some of his accusations.  Before McCarthy's 1952  reelection, Gaylord Nelson held  hearings in Wisconsin for the  purpose of really inquiring  about McCarthy's tactics.  And so when he was a US senator,  it wasn't hard for him to join  in when people wanted to abolish  HUAC.  And he said, these  investigations threaten the very  freedom that most sharply  distinguish our democracy from  the communist system.  He was very outspoken and not  afraid at all to stand alone.  Other senators were really  cowering, they didn't want to  make any waves.  But eventually HUAC was  abolished.  Another thing that was going on  was the Civil Rights Movement  during Gaylord Nelson's term.  And although Brown versus Board  of Education was passed in 1954,  it didn't really entirely do  away with segregation and  discrimination, particularly in  the south.  And Gaylord Nelson then was a  cosponsor of the Civil Rights  Act of 1964 and signed that act  to make it final for  desegregation to occur in the  southern schools. 

 And, if that wasn't enough,  Vietnam War was also raging.  And Gaylord Nelson did not agree  with the Vietnam War.  He actually was so opposed to it  that he was one of three  senators that didn't vote to  appropriate when Johnson asked  for $71 million of more  appropriations for the war.  And being one of only three, he  said you obviously need my vote  less than I need my conscience.  Well, in 1969 something occurred  that made Gaylord really want to  concentrate again on -  I have to say goodbye  to my husband,  thank you for coming.  (laughter)  He really wanted to  concentrate on the environment  again.  It was a time, I don't know if  you remember, when the Exxon  Valdez spilled tremendous amount  of oil into the waters off of  the coast of California.  Birds were totally saturated  with this oil and couldn't fly.  Animals and fish were lying on  the beach.  It was really a miserable time,  and Gaylord thought something  has to be done. 

 So he got together with a young  lawyer, an activist by the name  of Denis Hayes, and together  they developed Earth Day.  He got the idea because at that  time there were Vietnam  teach-ins to teach people about   the war and to actually get them  to be aware enough and to even  protest the war at that time.  So he thought if we can do that  about the war, why can't we do  that about the environment?  And so on April 22, 1970, the  first Earth Day was held.  And it was a huge success.  20 million people gathered all  over the country.  Kids were doing all kinds of  things to help clean the  environment.  And people were becoming very  aware of it.  I don't know if any of you wore  that ecology button, do you  remember that?  Everybody was wearing the  ecology button like people are  wearing their colored rubber  wristbands today.  And people were planting trees,  classes were doing all kinds of  things, helping the environment.  Kids were picking up playgrounds  and public places, putting  things in garbage bags and into  trash bins. 

 And there was just a tremendous  awareness going on.  There were so many kids that  wrote to Gaylord Nelson about  the environment that he decided  that he was going to compile  these letters in a book and he  did that.  And so this is one of his fourth  grade constituents from Madison,  Wisconsin.  It says, "Now, how to solve this  problem?  One, you could scrape it off.  Two, you could send down skin  divers to cut it up."  Talking about the weeds in the  lakes.  "Three, you could cut it up,  then scrape it off because I  want to have some fun in our  lakes so get to work right now."  (laughter)  So obviously kids  were quite involved.  Earth Day continued on until  today and we're approaching it  very shortly.  And this is a picture of the  Raging Grandmas who are still  around.  And I found out that there is a  woman in the first row who is  part of the Raging Grandmas.  Yay, Raging Grannies. 

 (laughter)  In 1990 there was another  very large spill, and  Gaylord Nelson decided at that  time why not get the world  involved in Earth Day because  what we do certainly affects the  rest of the world and what they  do affects us.  And so he did.  And at that time, 200 million,    not 20 million, but 200 million  people came out to participate  and 141 countries.  So I think in many ways Earth  Day had its influence all over  the world.  Legislation was very important.  Nixon actually formed the,  I'm blocking on the name,  energy...  >> Environmental Protection  Agency.  >> Cohen: Oh, thank you.  Thanks very much.  Yes, the Environmental  Protection Agency which exists  until this day. 

 And so many laws were made that  actually, in the decade from  1970 to 1980 more laws were made  to protect the environment than  in any other decade in our  history.  And this was all due to Gaylord  Nelson's Earth Day.  It included the Clean Water Act,  the Clean Air Act, the Safe  Drinking Water Act.  Lots of things that we take  advantage of today.  Although Gaylord did such  wonderful things, he was  defeated in his bid for fourth  term as US senator.  In part because of the political  backlash against the Carter  administration at that time.  But he certainly did not stop  working on his passion, and he  became the consul to the  Wilderness Society which also  works on preserving lands.  As part of his job, he would go  around the country and talk to  children and grownups all over  about the importance of keeping  our environment clean.  And one of the places that he  loved going to most was Clear  Lake, Wisconsin, where he was  from.  This building was recently  built, it's not his original  grammar school, but it was built  and it was named the Gaylord A. 

 Nelson Educational Center.  One of the teachers told me,  when I went up there to do my  research, one of the teachers  told me that one of the last  times he came up, a little first  grade boy raised his hand and he  was really, really serious  and he said, "Mr. Nelson,  how does it feel  to be named after our school?"  (laughter)  And Gaylord, very seriously,  said in return and didn't laugh,  he just said,  "It feels mighty good."  In 1995 Gaylord Nelson was given  the Presidential Medal of Honor  by President Clinton.  It's the highest honor anyone  can get as a citizen of the  United States.  And he said, this is Clinton's  words now, "As the founder of  Earth Day, he is the grandfather  of all that grew out of that  event: the Environmental  Protection Agency, the Clean Air  Act, and the Clean Water Act."  I'm sorry, I have a misprint  there.  "He also set a standard for  people in public service who  care about the environment and  try to do something about it."  And as we think about Gaylord  in his legacy, he died  on July 3, 2005, but his legacy  certainly lives on.  And I think if he were here to  talk to us today he would say  this: as we think about the  richness of the world in which  we live, its forests, its clean  blue waters and all of its  varied life forms, we must  understand our actions, our  actions affect all of them.  And I think that that would be a  message he would like to leave  with all of us.  Now when Gaylord was 86, he died  at 89 so this was three years  before he died, he published a  book called "Beyond Earth Day."  And so he, at the age of 86,  would go to various book shops,  do book signings, talk to the  public about his book, but his  voice was failing due to age,  due to illness, and so he  explained that to his audience  and he said, "So since I can't  talk to you very long, like  Henry VIII said to one of his  many wives, Anne Boleyn,  I'm not going to keep you long."  (laughter)  And I hope I haven't  kept you too long.  (laughter)  Any questions?  (applause)