- When I head out to do some shooting at night,
you know, I never know what I'm gonna get.
The last couple of years, and the northern lights
have been really hard to come by.
(inspired music continue)
But recently we had this awesome display,
probably the best display we've had
in the last six or seven y.
The lights started early, like 10:00 PM,
around then, and they wentl
at least four in the morn.
It was just all night long.
They were dancing like cr.
Saw different colors, you saw all
these different patterns and formations
of structure within the li.
(inspired music continue)
When I come away from a night of shooting
and experiencing something like a strong aurora storm,
my common practice is to leave an offering
of tobacco as a way of just saying thanks
to the great spirit for presenting this,
you know, for me to witne.
(inspired music continue)
(Travis speaking in foreign language)
Hello, all my relative.
(Travis speaking in foreign language)
My name is Travis.
I am Bear clan and I am from Grand Portage.
(soft music)
Grand Portage is an Indian reservation
that makes up the very northeast tip of Minnesota.
We are surrounded by massive water with Lake Superior.
(waves droning)
We have the Pigeon River which forms
the northern boundary of the reservation.
And we have some of the highest elevations in the state,
so there's a lot to see and a lot to photograph here.
(soft music continues) (camera snapping)
The quality of our night sky here is just incredible.
You've got nights where it's so dark,
there's so little light pollution that,
once your eyes adjust, you can actually walk around
by the starlight.
With all of the traveling I've done,
I don't think I've foud a place that has kind f
that all-encompassing beauty that this place has.
This is home for me.
(soft music continues)
My family's history in this area goes back,
I'm sure, a lot farther than I even realize,
on my mom's side.
And that family connection,
just having a longevity and a place, you know,
you kinda feel that through, not just the place,
but through your family members as well.
And you know that your people have been here for so long,
and that connection comes through to you
in ways that you don't even realize sometimes.
(gentle feelgood music)
The whole overall process of going out and, you know,
spending time under the night sky and capturing
these really cool photos of the Milky Way
or photos of the northern lights,
it is very much a proces.
You need to be prepare.
I will scout out locations well ahead of time.
(soft music)
When I arrive on locatio, it'll be before it's dar.
I'll get there an hour or two before the sun goes down,
and just sitting in a spot and watching the light change,
that's one of the magical s
about being anywhere, I t.
You know, you can be in the middle of a city
and watch that same thin.
As that moment is arriving, when daytime transitions
into nighttime, and the sunlight is going away,
and it'll soon be traded with starlight,
in those moments, everything else kinda melts away.
I'm there, I'm with the stars, and that's all there is,
it's that simple.
When you've got that big, beautiful line
that is, you know, that arc through the sky
of this milky band of stars and light,
the reflections that you get in the water tie the earth
and the sky together.
(soft celestial music)
You've got this whole cycle of what water does, you know,
it evaporates, it goes up into the sky,
comes back down as rai.
And by having something so close to you,
showing you, right in front of you,
what you can also see there in the sky,
it just ties it all toget.
So, in a way, you feel kinda big,
like, wow, I'm part of this big thing,
but also I'm so incredibly small at the same time.
When you have that presented before you,
how can you not be amaze?
(soft anxious music conti)
The city at night, for m,
is always kind of a shock to the senses.
So much of Northeastern Minnesota is so wild
and remote, and all of a sudden you've got traffic
and lights everywhere.
All that movement and ene.
The whole experience brings to mind our relationship
with the darkness of nigt
and the impacts of artificial light.
(gentle bright music)
Paul Bogart is an author who has thought a lot about
that relationship, about the wonders of the night sky
and the impacts of artificial lights
in our cities and town.
The research for his book, "The End of Night",
took him on an international journey.
- So, for "The End of Nig" I had some decisions to m,
you know, where was I gonna go, what was I gonna try to see,
what are the issues that I was going to investigate?
And one of the first decisions I made was to start
with some really bright ps
and to kind of work my way down to some really dark places.
(upbeat music)
So, in the opening of the ,
one of the first thins I do was go to the Strp
of Las Vegas and meet with the head
of the Las Vegas Astronomical Society.
(upbeat music continue)
So we took his telescopes down to the Las Vegas Strip,
and set 'em up in front oe casinos, and went starga.
And that was just a gt example of not being e
to see much of anything, r?
Then, Times Square in New York City was soon after that.
After that, I made a choice to go to London and to Paris.
London, in part, because I really wanted to see gas lamps,
gas lighting, which is somg
that we can't see very many places anymore.
When artificial light first came to the big European cities,
it was gas lights, and people don't realize how different
that was from what we see now, how much dimmer.
So, I saw that in London, and then of course moved
to Paris, and it was a great place to go
because they have spent so much time thinking
about how they light their.
They're consciously creating an atmosphere of lighting,
of nighttime, that will draw in tourists,
it's part of the appeal of the city.
As opposed to how so many things are lit across
this country, certainly, which is just blast light
at the structure as bright as you can make it.
So, not very creative, not very beautiful.
(soft music)
From there, then I started going to some more,
I guess, natural locations,
some of the natural national parks in this country.
I'll tell you one experience of being out
in Death Valley National Park and California.
There were no clouds ad it was a perfect night
to be out there, and I just have this vivid memory
of standing
and seeing the stars rise out of the horizon as,
you know, this revolving night sky,
and fall off the edge f the earth in the west.
Just that sense of, you know, this kind of thing,
and, boy, we just nevr get to see that anymor.
I was lucky I got to e that firsthand experie
with real nights, real night sky, real darkness,
truly natural, natural ni.
We've become a really bright country (chuckles)
in terms of artificial li.
And, for example, anything east of the Great Plains
is no longer naturally da.
Eight of 10 kids born in the US today
will never live where they can see the Milky Way.
We have taken what was once
of the most common human experiences,
which is walking out the door at night
and coming face-to-face with the universe,
and we've made that one of the most rare
of human experiences.
So, there are many costs to light pollution, right?
There are economic costs, there are costs to human health,
there are costs to environmental health,
but there are also these, what I think of
as intangible costs, right?
What do we lose when we no longer have
this firsthand experience of coming face-to-face
with the universe?
And I think they're vitally important, right?
They impact everything fro,
you know, all the young van Goghs out there
who aren't being inspired, right?
All the painters, all the writers,
all the musicians who are not having
that experience of a real .
They impact our experience of contemplation,
of meditation, of thinking about our place
in the universe, of thinking about our relationship
with the rest of creatio.
(determined music)
- [Travis] As the experience of pristine dark skies
is becoming more rare, it seems like, at the same time,
people are noticing that something is missing.
(people chattering)
- Oh! - Oh, shooting star!
- That's pretty cool. - That was awesome!
- [Travis] Star parties are happening everywhere,
and it's exciting to get together
with folks who have discovered just how incredible
the night sky can be.
In fact, it was at a star y
that I first met Bob King, Astro Bob.
- And so, he's dragging, in his hands,
two of those constellatio.
Scutum, the shield, which exists to this day.
For me, the night sky gives me a lot of joy
in a lotta different way.
It's almost like you get filled up with so much joy,
so that when someone who doesn't know a lot
about the night sky but who would like to know
or learn more, when I hae opportunity to talk with ,
it makes me super happ.
And if the person, the little light goes on in their head
and they're like, "Oh, I understand how the earth goes now,
and why the stars move.
Oh my gosh, of course."
You know, like any teacher, you are overjoyed.
I moved up to Duluth because I love the north,
and here in Duluth we're close to dark skies,
and you don't have toe very far to see a lot.
So I love that access to the night sky,
to keep that connection and deepen it.
(soft celestial music)
Things that stand out fore
are just like seeing Jupiter's moons for the first time.
(soft celestial music cont)
There it was, it really wae
a little solar system in miniature.
I still have that image, h is crystallized in my br.
As far as the things that are available
to someone without a teles.
For one, there are eclipses of the moon.
That's a big one.
(soft celestial music cont)
The rising of the earth's shadow.
Every evening, clear evening, when the sun goes down
in the west, the shadow of the earth,
which looks like a dark blue gray curtain,
rises in the east.
And just watching that shadow rise,
you can see some interesting things happening there.
So that's available to anybody, no equipment needed.
Moon rises, right?
Sunsets.
Seeing the distorted moon on the horizon,
caused by the atmosphere.
(soft celestial music cont)
There are annual meteor sh.
There's like four or five of these meteor showers
that occur every year.
You get to just lay back in a lawn chair
on these days and watch these meteors
from comets come screamingn
and flaming into the atmos.
It's wonderful.
With a pair of binocular,
you can look at the texture of the Milky Way,
you can see nebulous,
you can see the brighter gala,
you can even see the moons of Jupiter.
(soft celestial music cont)
I love getting to know the cosmos, creature by creature,
character by character, one by one.
And then, over time, yu do get a sense of spac,
even the three dimensionality of space.
'Cause at first glance, you look up and it looks flat,
you know, it's two dimensi,
but over time you get o realize that's closer,
this is farther.
If you're in the woods, if you take a bunch
of different trails, overe
you feel like you know those woods,
so you begin to anticipate what's around the corner,
what's coming up with this season or that season.
With the night sky it's kind of the same thing.
The first thing to get to know are the brightest stars
in the sky, and there's just a few dozen of those,
not too hard.
And what you're doing is you're making that connection,
you're increasing your knowledge of the night sky,
and you're beginning to create a map in your mind
the way you would when you're walking through the forest.
When I see the star Vega rising late in the winter,
Vega is a spring and summer star,
I know that when it's ris, the season is going to co.
I have hope that it's going to come.
Vega gives me hope.
This is a human thing to do, this is how we connect
with the sky.
You learn it, you make these associations,
then it becomes, suddenly becomes a part of your life.
The way birds, flowers,
and so many other aspects of nature do.
You learn and absorb, create a map,
and then expand that map deeper into space.
(soft celestial music)
When we look at the constellations, again,
we're looking at patternst have been handed down to.
When you buy a book about the constellations,
you're going to get the Western version.
And the Western version, it originally came
from Babylon, essentially Mesopotamia,
it was handed down to the Greeks and Romans,
they transformed it some,
and then it was further handed down
to the Arabic peoples f North Africa and Spai,
and then they added their ,
so we have a multicultural thing happening.
And there are 88 constella.
And the big joke among people who learn
the constellations for the first time
is you show them the Big Dipper and they say,
"Well that doesn't look like a bear."
(bear growling)
Most of them don't really look like their figure,
like their name.
Part of the reason for that is light pollutio.
Light pollution has stripped away the fainter stars,
so we can't make those curly cues
that might define the bear.
We can't see those so easy unless we go to a darker .
A lotta people talk about the wilderness,
going to the wilderness, you know,
take your trip to the wilderness,
which is a wonderful thingo
since you can just lay back in a canoe,
go to the Boundary Waters, just let that thing float
right out in the lake a little bit,
lay back and look at the night sky,
Just float there weightle.
You don't have to know anything, it just inspires you
in its pure wonder.
- [Travis] Bob King's enthusiasm for the night sky
and the constellations,
as understood in the West, is contagious.
But traveling across the globe, through different cultures,
reveals even more rich stories and perspectives.
(ethereal music)
- I'm Jessica Heim, aI am a cultural astrono.
My research looks at the intersection of human culture
and the night sky, and why the night sky and the stars
are important to humans in different cultures,
at different time periods across the world.
People tend to think of the constellations.
You know, there's the Greek constellations,
so everybody thinks there's a big bear,
and Orion the hunter, and Taurus the bull,
but every culture on the planet has
had a relationship with the sky and they see stars,
constellation groups, that are relevant in their area.
The human eye sees patterns, and they'll see patterns
that are meaningful in their context.
Like in the Ojibwa culture,
a moose makes a lot more e
than an upside down flying horse.
And there are obviously differences,
even among, like, the North American continent.
Different tribes will have different teachings
about a similar group of s,
but there's also a lot of similarity.
I would say one similarity that pops up all across
the world is just this idea of the sky
and the earth are connected, the above and the below,
they're not separate, it's a participatory relationship,
we're a part of that process of this...
Like, there's often seen, in some cultures,
looking at certain stars, constellations,
that's like the doorway to, say, the spirit world,
and so the stars play a role between connecting, like,
the physical world and the spiritual world as well.
(upbeat ethereal music)
It's really fascinating what we can learn
from cultures, and perspectives, and different ways
of seeing the world that are different
from what we think of ever.
Western science is wonderful, but it's one particular way
of engaging with the univ,
and there are many others, and I think there's value
in all of them.
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have developed their own understanding
of the night sky over thousands of years.
For the Dakota, featurs of the land surroundig
the Mississippi River, and the great river itself,
are connected to the night.
(gentle tranquil music)
- Native people, Dakota people were here
before anybody else that's here now.
This is a place that helps us reconnect to our past.
(Maggie speaking in foreign language)
My name is Maggie Lorenz.
I am Dakota and Anishinaa.
I'm an enrolled member
of the Turtle Mountain Band of Ojibwa,
and I also come from Spirit Lake Dakota Nation.
(gentle tranquil music continues)
Wakhan Tipi is one of our most sacred sites
here in the Twin Cities urban area.
It is a cave, also known as Carver's Cave,
and has been a site of ceremony, and has served as,
like a primary point of gathering
and really important decision-making for our community.
This place, today, for Dakota people
is a place where we can reconnect,
I think, to our ancestors and to our history here,
that extends thousands of ,
that our people have been .
(gentle tranquil music continues)
(Jim speaking in foreign language)
I speak to you in my Dakota language,
the language of my Sissitunwan Dakota father.
I said that I am of te Seven Star Fire nation,
the Seven Council Fire.
That's a consolation.
I'm at a place on the earth that connects
with those stars in the s.
- I was born at Imnizaska (speaks foreign language).
I was born at Saint Paulr a place called Wakhan Th,
the cave in which we have the drawings
that tell something of our cosmic origins.
So, what I do is in a planetarium.
I was, you know, trained in western science,
but always kept our own ways of thinking here,
and the two legs have really come together well,
in that the word nucleosynthesis,
it just means that atoms are made in stars,
and we've always said, "We come from the stars
and to the stars we will r.
We come from the earth and to the earth we return."
The iron in our blood, the carbon in our body
had to come from a sun before this sun,
so we're recycled stardust.
Star stuff are us, I like to say.
The Milky Way is like a r,
not just any river, but Haha Wakpa, or Wakpa Thanka,
Wakpa Haska, the big, long river,
the river of the waterfal.
We find burial mounds near river.
It's very intentional, it's not random.
Our elders, those that have passed on,
deserved the highest place, near water,
to go back up to the stars, a place of honor
by the water that flow.
Chon, Chanwakhan, Wagachan, the sacred tree, sundance tree,
the cottonwood tree, is filled with stars.
That tree full of stars connects between sky and earth,
along rivers, it likes its feet wet, its root.
It's a bridge between the river down here,
with sparkling lights on ,
and the sparkling stars a.
The Wanagi Thachanku, the spirit road,
it's the road of spirits t we come from and go back ,
and we need to be living in a good way
so that we go back to that place where we come from,
with integrity, with gener.
As indigenous people, when we gathered here,
other indigenous people also came.
The stories show us.
We even have some of the early photographs
of people who were not Da,
wanting to understand what was in that cave.
Apparently, the message was so significant
and universal, because all of us are
on the same earth beneath the sun and moon.
There are patterns we needed to know,
and apparently they were documented there.
- The petroglyphs, or rock art that depicted
the significance of the s,
unfortunately was in the entrance to the cave,
which was destroyed in the late 1800, early 1900,
with the coming of the rai.
(gentle music)
And so, our major project right now is the development
of a cultural and environmental interpretive center
called Wakhan Tipi Cente.
The site also includes the burial mounds
at Indian Mound Regional k
and the vicinity around those features.
The interpreter center will then provide
that kind of education and cultural knowledge
about the significance of the site.
And then, of course, our environmental work
to keep the site healthy, and restored, and protected.
(soft music)
- [Travis] I've learned or time that Ojibwa culture o
has deep understandings and traditions associated
with the night sky.
But much of that knowledge has been lost.
Our religious practices, and even our language
were suppressed by US government policy.
Rediscovering that knowledge has been really exciting
for me, and I have Carl Gawboy, his artwork and his stories
to thank for much of what I've learned.
(soft celestial music)
- For the Ojibwa the Mily Way as the river of soul,
or further west, where there's more pathways
over the landscape than there is water routes,
they call it the path of souls, where you'd walk it,
but in this part of the country it would be the river,
and what a beautiful river it is,
just brilliant and shining.
(tranquil celestial musi)
One time, I asked my dad, I said, what's Ojibwa heaven like?
And he said, "It's the greatest place in the world,
it's just like here."
And I said, you mean like with winter?
And he said, "Yeah, it's just like here."
I said, and mosquitoes, mosquitoes?
He said, "Yes, it's just like here.
What could be better?"
So I'm thinking it be the Ojibwa who think of heaven
as just the greatest place in the world,
it's just like here, just like here.
If you lived an evil life though,
you disappear into the cosmos and you're gone,
there's no after world for.
When the Ojibwa talked about a person dying
and going to the after wo, you travel that river sou.
And the Milky Way has a d of beautiful light comingn
to the horizon, and then there's another branch of it
that forks off and then disappears.
And people who've lived and done evil in their life,
took that other branch and would just disapper
into the cosmos.
But those that lived a good and proper life,
would continue on their journey to the after world,
where they came to a land of forests and prairies,
full of game, and full of all the ancestors
that have died, went on before you,
you get reunited with them.
(soft music)
- [Travis] Carl's explorations have led him
to some special places, we he has found important cls
about our relationships to the universe.
(birds chirping) (water trickling)
(soft music)
- Everywhere you have these great, big cliffs,
these vertical cliffs that come down to the water.
There are about 200 sites of pictographs
between Northern Minnesota and Hudson's Bay.
And the ones at Hegman Lake are absolutely beautiful,
the colors are clear.
There are three, big visual images,
and over the years, there have been all kinds of people
who wrote about pictograp.
Dallas talked about them as mysterious,
something from the past, t we don't know what they a.
(soft celestial music)
How do you climb inside the brain
of someone who lived 300 years ago?
And I must've gone to thate
about a dozen times over the years.
From high school on, all the way till a few years ago.
I made sketches and I took photographs of the site,
and I kept working over these images,
over and over again, trying to piece them together,
but I didn't realize then that I had
to think like a scientist and not an artist,
and that was a big leap fo.
- [Travis] Yeah?
- And when I did that,
that's when things started to go together.
Who are the people that met there and said,
"Well, this is what we have to remember,
and this is what we have to teach,
and this is the way we were gonna remember it,
by putting these image on the rocks;
the Wintermaker, Great Panther, and a Great Moose figure."
So that we see the images on the rocks,
we see the constellation, and then there's this prophecy,
the prediction, the story that goes with it.
Traditions that extend all throughout Ojibwa lore,
that go with it.
So, rather than just lookit
the pictographs themselves as art.
And, you know, I was tempted to do that,
'cause I'm an artist.
Looking at the pictographs and I said,
well, this is the work of my ancestors.
It's like being reunited with an old friend.
All this knowledge is the.
You're gonna say the moose isn't important
to the Ojibwa culture?
It's central to Ojibwa cul.
- Oh, yes. - The Wintermaker.
The Wintermaker.
We live six months of winter here in this part of the world,
it's very, very importan.
So, there's all kinds of stories about either
the Great Moose or the Wintermaker.
And the Great Panther, the spirit of the wate.
And the spirit of spring,
the dangerous part of spring, the floods.
There's a lot there that's still to be interpreted.
(gentle music)
- [Travis] But talking a little bit more about
the moose in the night sky, it's a fall constellation.
- Right, the great moose pictograph,
I identify as a constellation of Pegasus.
The figure is kinda squar.
Well, moose are kinda squ,
and that's the great square of Pegasus.
So, Pegasus rises late summer, just as the moose
are starting to get a little aggressive.
And then, as the fall goe,
the moose consolation gets higher and higher in the sky.
And so, this is when te moose present themselvs
to the hunter.
And not only do they present themselves to hunters,
but they present themselves to cars, and locomotives,
and other things.
They are very aggressive, they don't back away.
Then what happens is that the consolation starts to set,
and that's when the moose get weaker.
As the winter goes on and as spring comes,
the moose just suffer from the cold
and the scarcity of food,
they get weaker and weakerl
it finally sets in the we.
And so, the rising and setting of the consolation matches
the rising and setting oe moose out there in the fo.
- Fall or autumn is a time for hunting.
And you've talked about
a cultural story associated with moose.
Could you share that again?
- Well, it was based on a pictograph
of a moose smoking a pip.
In all the hunting societ,
all the Indian hunting societies,
there's usually a story just like this,
about how humans got permission to harvest animals.
There's no question that Indians revere
the animals they hunted, but they still hunted them,
they still killed them, and they ate them.
And so, what happens that made this possible, ethically?
You know, the Plains Indian have this about the bison,
and the Ojibwa have this about the moose,
that there was a obligati,
a mutual obligation between moose and humans.
(gentle music)
And looking back to a legendary time when,
or I should say mythical time, when animals could speak
and humans could speak to .
And there was a moment when animals
gave permission to human.
They would give of themselves to humans,
provided humans did certain things.
And one of the things was ceremonies of respect and honor.
- Sure. - If the Indians stopped
doing that, the animals would withhold their gifts.
A other would be their social obligations,
to share the food once you got it,
to take care of your family, to honor elders.
So, that pictograph of the moose smoking a pie
was the use of tobaccs part of these ceremon.
(gentle music continue)
In the story, a pipe makes its appearance
in a moose lodge.
The moose in this story live in a lodge
just like people do, and they have different places
that they sit in, and sit around the fire,
and they converse, and this pipe magically floats through
the doorway and goes around the moose population,
and that's what's set in motion the use of tobacco
as a sacrament to honor the moose,
and the moose then agreet they would give of themse.
% >> HI.
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% THE FIRST TIME, I'M TAKEN WITH
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% PROGRAM, INCLUDING CARL GAWBOY,
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% >> WE HAVE A LONG HISTORY IN
% PUBLIC TELEVISION BROADCASTING,
% PUBLIC TELEVISION, OF THIS
% FASCINATION AND WONDER ABOUT THE
% SKY.
% AS FOLKS, LONG-TIME VIEWERS WILL
% REMEMBER A MAN FROM RANDOLPH,
% WISCONSIN WHO MADE HIS LEGEND IN
% MIAMI.
% HIS SHOW ON THE NIGHT SKY WAS
% ALWAYS VERY POPULAR.
% WE GET A LOT OF CALLS.
% SO WE KNOW THE PASSION ABOUT
% THIS.
% I WANT TO MENTION A COUPLE OTHER
% RESOURCES.
% SOME OF THE LIGHT MAPS THAT
% YOU'RE SEEING COME RIGHT FROM AN
% INTERACTIVE LIGHT POLLUTION MAP.
% IF YOU SEARCH ON THAT, YOU'LL
% FIND THAT.
% IT'S A WONDERFUL RESOURCE.
% AND ALSO BOB KING, WHO WE MEET
% IN THIS SHOW, HAS A WEEKLY BLOG
% OF LIKE WHAT'S HAPPENING IN THE
% NIGHT SKY, CONTINUING!!! CONTINUING THAT
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% LINE UP THE TIME OF THE DAY WITH
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% HELP US MEET THAT GOACIALTION
of the night sky, others are working
in communities around the world to address
the effects of light pollu,
which impacts human health and the environment.
Duluth, Minnesota is a good example.
- Well, I was always interested in environmental issues
and had a lot of awareness about ecological things
ever since I was a little,
and I wanted to look fr an issue that would be
not a controversy, but something that people
could work together towar.
There's a lot of divisive ideas about how we should interact
with the natural world and how we do interact
with a natural world.
And so, what I liked about Starry Skies
is everybody loves stars, and there's no reason
to have light pollutio.
- One of the turning points for me was actually visiting
with my father, years ago, in Arizona,
and at about 9 o'clock at ,
I went out on the veranda and looked over the valley,
and to my astonishment there were like no big lights at all,
it was maybe a couple twinklings here and there.
There are strict dark sky ordinances there.
And I came back and started thinking about it,
and thinking, boy, if they can do it there,
we should be able to do it.
- So Randy Larson and I started a chapter
of the International Dark-Sky Association,
and that's what Starry Skies North is today.
We focus on educating and advocating about light pollution
and celebrating the night,
and this has been important because humans have lit up
the night brighter, and brighter, and brighter,
and it's not just because we have population increase
on the planet, we have the propensity
that when technology gets cheaper we use more of it,
and, well, we've had an exponential increase
in light pollution in the past 10 years.
So, the overuse of light at night not only diminishes
the way we connect with the night sky,
it affects the environment, it affects other animals,
it affects plant pollination, insect activity.
70% of species are noctur, they're more active at ni.
So, light pollution is stealing the night habitat
from these species, it's impacting their survival,
and we need these species for our survival.
Light pollution at night s a major impact on our hea.
Light at night is a contributing factor
to all chronic disease, including obesity, diabetes,
cancer, and cardiovascular disease.
So we're all really familiar with the experience
of the color of light.
If you go into a really bright room,
like a retail space or a dental office,
compared to like a candlelit dinner,
we all understand that that has different qualities
and we have a different experience of that.
Light is measured in what's called Kelvin temperature.
The warmer the light, the lower the number.
And the cooler, or whiter, bluer the light,
the higher the number.
So the kind of incandescent light
that we've been used to indoors, in the past,
is around 2,700.
Daylight's more around five or 6000.
So, light is the main signal for our circadian rhythm,
and our circadian rhytm is what tells our body
whether it's daytime or nighttime.
So, bright blue white light tells our body
that it's daytime.
It's the worst kind of light to be exposed to
at night, because this color of light shuts down
the production of melaton.
We need melatonin in order for our bodies
to rest and recover.
So, the issues of human health and light at night
are so important the American Medical Association
has recommended that street lighting
be 3000 Kelvin or warmer.
So, this is especially important, because about half
of our light pollution is street lighting
and another third is parking lot lighting,
and a lot of these lightse on when nobody's using th,
so this is another opportunity for technology
to come in and have lights on only when people
are using them, and that'll offer a huge amount
of energy savings.
(gentle music)
(soft music)
- Well, we're sitting on a rock that was,
it's called now, Observation Park.
We had a observatory here in the turn of the century.
At the time, there were small, twinkling lights down
in the harbor that didn't affect the view of the night sky,
and today we've got all kinds of light pollution.
To see any of the stars ty
is somewhat of a challenge.
So it's trying to bring back what we had,
and it's still there, it's just turn the lights off.
- If you look at light pollution maps from 2014,
the light pollution dome from Duluth and the Range Cities
had already merged, and the light pollution
from Minneapolis is coming towards here.
And even from Chicago, is coming up towards
the south shore of Lake Superior.
- And I started seeing what was occurring in Duluth,
and was really concerned about all of the 4,000K lighting
that was being installd in the city of Duluth,
and how it was taking away our evening tranquility here,
and heard from a lot of people their concerns
about the lighting that was being installed,
and eventually, became involved with Randy and Cynthia,
and started working with them to talk
with city officials, to talk to people.
- One of the first things that came up for me
was Mesaba Avenue was re-,
and it seemed incredibly b.
Like in, people joked abo,
"Oh, you could do surgery under these lights.",
or they were like, you know, "Prison lighting,
or, "Interrogation lighti,
and it felt really uncomfortable.
- I saw it personally, and then even talking
to some of my friends that lives on Mesaba Avenue,
where they had to apply the shades
that you use in Alaska for the midnight sun,
in order to stop the light,
and just seeing that, it just made me want
to become active in defining a better lighting program.
- I think when we started e
was a huge grant system across the US
that was allowing different communities
to put in better lights, and what the cities ended up
with is what was at hand,
and a whole host of communities around the country received
a huge sum of money to change out
their light bulbs to 4,00.
What's more acceptable is, and what the city
of Duluth finally started to install,
was 2,700, and now even wr lights, down to, like, 1.
- [Scott] We have had discussions with the engineers
and administration here, within the city,
and they have been receptive to trying
to get onto a path of lower Kelvin lighting.
- We went through a very robust community discussion,
and it took place over probably 18 months.
And in that time of 18 mo,
the conversation changed from 4,000 Kelvin,
to 3000, to 2,700, because, even in that 18 months,
the information had changed on what cities were doing.
- We've also worked with Essentia,
with the new hospital that's coming here, right,
they're gonna be using 2,700 Kelvin or less,
on all the exterior lighting, which is a really,
a great move forward.
- What we're really looking at is...
What we have the opportuy now, with lighting techno,
is to really aim the s where we need to have.
We can turn them on and off when we need them.
We can dim them down when people aren't usually in a space.
- We installed all wildlife friendly on our parking ground,
and we've tried to use this as a template
for other businesses to fo.
And you will notice the difference,
how we've tried to define, even the interior environment,
and it's been really well received.
What I would say is it doesn't cost any more money
to install wildlife friendly light.
(soft music)
- Duluth is right in the epicenter
of the huge bird migration pathway.
Once they clear Duluth, ty can scatter every which w,
but because we get so many of the inland birds,
and so many of them are migratory,
and so many of them are nocturnal migrants,
having all this extra light is going to be harmful.
They navigate by getting up high enough and use the stars.
Now that we're getting brighter and brighter lights,
any light that's going up toward the space where they are
is going to totally confuse them.
The way we solve it at nige
is by turning off lights that we aren't using.
- Whoa.
- It's a really important thing that Duluth
and Superior can be on the forefront of,
is be these urban protected areas
that people can access where they are.
- Over there. - Right there, can you see it?
- Oh wow. - You should come see it,
the moon's here.
- We have this great opportunity to be an example
of how you can be a ciy
with very dark sky friendly lighting.
- And here, just north of,
we've got the biggest dark sky park in the world,
with the BWCA, the Quetico, and the Voyageurs,
the 2.4 million acres of dark sky.
We could be the gateway to.
The city of Duluth would provide a great environment.
Take a look at the backdrop that Lake Superior
could provide for a dark sky environment.
I think it would just be a wonderful amenity
for the city of Duluth.
Residents, tourists, and businesses alike would enjoy it.
- [Travis] The effects of light pollution reach into
the darkest corners of the continent.
But across the wilderness s
of our northern border re,
there are good things happening under the night sky.
(gentle bright music)
- Quetico is a wilderness canoer's paradise.
It almost seems like this landscape
was made for wilderness canoeing.
(gentle bright music conti)
- So, the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness,
we have rivers, you can travel big water on huge lakes,
you can travel on small l, or as we say, "Puddle ju,
there's just a lot of opportunities.
(gentle bright music conti)
Voyageurs National Park is truly a park
that requires you to access it via the water.
It is what I like to consider an undiscovered gem.
(gentle bright music conti)
Northeastern Minnesota and Northwestern Ontaro
is known as a geotourism destination
called the Heart of the Continent.
The largest land management units,
or protected units within that Heart of the Continent
are Voyaguers National Pa,
the Boundary Water Canoe Area Wilderness,
and Quetico Provincial Park
of the Ontario Provincial Park system,
and those three areas all were certified
as dark sky places relatively close to each other.
(gentle bright music conti)
- The Boundary Waters wase
of the first sanctuaries, worldwide,
but definitely the first designated wilderness certification
in the Forest Service.
So, we get so many calls ,
by a lot of other public l,
asking us about what our protocols are
as far as, you know, how we did our proposal,
how we do our measurements, how we made it happen.
So that's really great ne.
- [Trevor] At Quetico we're grateful for the partnership
that we have with our American sister sites,
and are proud of what we've accomplished
in receiving our dark sky designations together.
- So, in order to retain the certification
of sanctuary for the Boundary Waters,
every year we have to monitor the night skies.
And we go out and we measure how dark the sky is
in very specific locations.
One of the threats that could affect
this certification would be if Thunder Bay
got much, much, much brig,
bright enough to show up on our light measurements.
Or if Duluth got much brig.
Or, I don't see this happe,
but if gateway communities right along the border
got much brighter.
- The gateway communitiese primarily resort communit,
you know, their visitors are coming here
to experience the park.
One of the resources thaty definitely like experieng
is the natural night sky.
Gateway communities and the resorts can use that as part
of their messaging to new visitors.
And we've actually seen a bump from the time
that we were certified to,
of visitors that are coming here specifically
to experience the undisturbed dark sky
that this area provide.
(bright music)
- Such a big piece of being on a back country canoe trip
is being able to go to the edge of your campsite at night,
look up and appreciate the millions and billions
of stars in the sky.
- You see these two stars ?
- [Bob] As part of the Dark Sky Park Certification,
you commit to educate the public about natural dark skies.
- You guys see that bright star down there?
That plane's fine right b.
That star is Altair.
It is in the constellation Aquila.
Now, when you hear all Al,
that's a different langua.
Anyone happen to hazard to guess what language that is?
- It sounds like Arabic. - It is in Arabic.
(gentle music)
- [Ann] One of the biggest benefits of this certification
of sanctuary for the Bounty Waters is just an awareness,
from awareness on how you conduct your own lights inside
the Boundary Waters.
Whether it's, you know, maybe not needing
a really bright camp lant,
but also awareness to where you live
and maybe how the lights in your neighborhood,
or the lights on your hou,
and how that might impact your ability
to see the night sky just from your own yard.
(gentle music continue)
- [Bob] We're lucky enough to have a great network
of protected areas that provide us those opportunities.
We can all escape and find ourselves again
in these places that aren't much change
from what they were for millennia.
(determined music)
- Minnesota is representative of kind of
what's happened everywhere, which is that
if you look at images from space,
you see the Twin Cities as a bright white blob,
and then, essentially, it gets a little bit dimmer
as you move out.
But Duluth is bright, you know, St. Cloud is bright.
The nice thing that you also see though,
is when you look at Northern Minnesota,
you still see levels of relative darkness.
- Drive, at least in our r,
10 miles into the countryside, let's say,
15 miles, on a night when there is no moon,
in the summer, so that you can just truly see
and appreciate that beautiful, glowing ribbon
of the Milky Way.
It's billions of stars within that ribbon,
and it gives you a sense of perspective
as your place in the gala.
How do I fit into this?
(gentle music)
- The other part of getting control
of our light pollution is having the opportunity
for people to walk outside their houses and see the stars.
You don't really have to go anywhere
to have that kind of peak experience.
It's great to go to more natural and protected areas
an have a peak experience, it's fantastic,
but I think it should be something that's accessible
to everyone, and we grw up with that heritage,
every culture evolved with that heritage,
and I think it's really important that when we go outside,
we see the universe reflected in our eyes
and not just a reflection of humanity in the sky.
(gentle music continue)
- I like the peacefulness of being out there at night,
keeps me centered, and bal,
and connected to everything around me.
Just being under this glowing sky is something
that nothing else compare.
I think it's important fr us to keep that connectin
to the stars as much as we can, because it is ultimately,
it's where we all came fr.
(gentle music continue)
(soft music)
% >> HI.
% I'M JON MISKOWSKI, DIRECTOR OF
% PBS WISCONSIN.
% WE'VE JUST ENJOYED "NORTHERN
% NIGHTS, STARRY SKIES," THIS
% WONDERFUL EXPLORATION OF THE
% GREAT LAKES REGION AND THE POWER
% OF BEING ABLE TO SEE THE STARS
% AND TO BE ABLE TO GO PLACES TO
% SEE THE STARS AND PEOPLE WHO ARE
% CHANGING THEIR ENVIRONMENT TO
% SEE THE NIGHT SKY.
% THIS IS A BEAUTIFUL IMAGE.
% I WANT TO MAKE SURE THAT YOU
% KNOW ABOUT IT.
% THERE'S THIS PHOTO IN HERE BY
% TRAVIS NOVITSKY, TALKING ABOUT
% HOW HE'S INSPIRED BY NATURE AND
% THE NIGHT SKY AND HIS WORK IN
% GRAND PORTAGE.
% THAT IMAGE OF THAT LITTLE SPIRIT
% TREE, THIS AMAZING THING THAT
% TRIBAL MEMBERS CAN TAKE YOU TO,
% WHERE THAT TREE LITERALLY LOOKS
% LIKE IT'S GROWING OUT OF ROCK.
% THIS IS THIS AMAZING THING.
% I'M SO GLAD TO SEE IT SHOWCASED
% IN THE SHOW BOTH BECAUSE OF HIS
% WONDERFUL PHOTOGRAPHY, BUT ALSO
% HIS EXPRESSION OF LOVE AND
% RESPECT FOR THE NATURAL WORLD.
% WE'RE REALLY HAPPY TO SHARE THIS
% PROGRAM WITH YOU AND NOW INVITE
% YOU -- WE'VE SEEN THE WHOLE
% PROGRAM.
% INVITE YOU TO CALL
% 1-800-236-3636 TO SHOW YOUR
% SUPPORT.
% >> THANKS, JON.
% YOU KNOW, IN THIS PROGRAM WE SAW
% A NUMBER OF COMMUNITIES WORKING
% TOGETHER TO CARE FOR A SHARED
% RESOURCE AND THAT'S NOT UNLIKE
% HOW PUBLIC TELEVISION WORKS.
% YOU KNOW, THE MISSION OF PUBLIC
% TELEVISION TO PROVIDE THE BEST
% EDUCATION AND INFORMATIONAL
% PROGRAMMING AND ENGAGEMENT
% THROUGHOUT THE YEAR IS ONLY
% POSSIBLE WHEN OUR COMMUNITY
% COMES TOGETHER TO SUPPORT THIS
% ESSENTIAL RESOURCE.
% YOU CAN HELP BE A PART OF THAT
% RIGHT NOW BY CALLING
% 1-800-236-3636.
% WHEN YOU DO, WE'VE GOT A NUMBER
% OF GREAT THANK YOU GIFTS THAT
% WILL HELP YOU TAKE THIS PROGRAM
% YOU WATCHED TONIGHT AND EXPAND
% THE EXPLORATION OUT INTO THE
% WORLD AROUND YOUR HOME.
% AT THE $10 LEVEL WE'LL LET YOU
% MAKE THE CHOICE BETWEEN THE SKY
% STAR MAP CONSTELLATION GUIDEBOOK
% THAT INCLUDES CARL GAWBOY, ONE
% OF THE FOUR AUTHORS HERE,
% INCLUDES SOME OF HIS WORK AND
% INSIGHTS.
% OR THE INTERACTIVE NIGHT SKY MAP
% THAT LETS YOU PICK THE DAY AND
% TIME OF THE YEAR AND HOLD IT UP
% IN YOUR OWN BACKYARD OR IN YOUR
% NEAREST STATE PARK TO EXPLORE
% THE SKY ABOVE YOU AND HELP MAKE
% SOME OF THOSE CONNECTIONS WITH
% PEOPLE IN YOUR FAMILY.
% AT THE $15 LEVEL, WE HAVE THIS
% BEAUTIFUL PRINT FROM TRAVIS
% NOVITSKY, THE PHOTOGRAPHER THAT
% JON WAS REFERENCING.
% WE'RE HAPPY TO SEND YOU THAT.
% OR AT THE $20 LEVEL YOU DON'T
% HAVE TO MAKE ANY DECISIONS OTHER
% THAN TO SUPPORT PBS WISCONSIN
% BECAUSE WE WILL SEND YOU ALL
% THREE GIFTS.
% SO WON'T YOU CALL RIGHT NOW,
% 1-800-236-3636.
% >> YOU KNOW, I WANT YOU TO TAKE
% A MINUTE TO REFLECT ON WHAT YOUR
% TAKE-AWAYS ARE FROM THIS SHOW.
% WHAT DID YOU LEARN?
% WHAT WAS INSPIRING?
% WHAT WAS SOMETHING THAT WILL
% MAYBE GET YOU TO GO OUTDOORS AND
% TAKE A LOOK UP AT THE NIGHT SKY?
% AND ALSO UNDERSTAND THE
% IMPORTANCE OF THAT NIGHT SKY AND
% THE IMPORTANCE OF BEING ABLE TO
% SEE IT.
% I LOOK AT THIS AS A METAPHOR.
% THE IMPORTANCE OF BEING ABLE TO
% SEE PROGRAMMING ON PBS WISCONSIN
% AND UNDERSTANDING THAT SOMETIMES
% YOU NEED TO REFLECT ON WHAT IT
% IS THAT'S IMPORTANT, UNDERSTAND
% THAT THERE ARE CONNECTIONS, THAT
% YOU ARE LEARNING THINGS.
% AT THE SUSTAINER LEVEL YOU'RE
% GIVING A MONTHLY GIFT.
% THAT IS SOMETHING YOU KNOW THAT
% IS NOT ONLY GOING TO HELP THE
% PROGRAMMING HERE AND HELP OTHER
% PEOPLE HAVE ACCESS TO IT, BUT IT
% WILL GIVE YOU ACCESS TO A LOT OF
% THE PROGRAMMING IN SPECIAL WAYS.
% AGAIN, 1-800-236-3636.
% USE THAT REFLECTION AS A
% METAPHOR, BEING ABLE TO CAST
% THAT LIGHT ON SOMEBODY ELSE'S
% OPPORTUNITY AS WELL AS YOUR OWN.
% 1-800-236-3636.
% >> THANK YOU FOR YOUR CALLS AND
% YOUR SUPPORT AND TO THE MANY
% MEMBERS OF PBS WISCONSIN FOR
% SUPPORTING YEAR AFTER YEAR.
% THIS PROGRAM IS PRODUCED BY THE
% SAME PRODUCERS OF A PROGRAM FROM
% ABOUT TEN YEARS AGO CALLED
% "CHASED BY THE LIGHT."
% THIS WAS A PROJECT WITH
% PHOTOGRAPHER JIM BRANDENBERG.
% HE'S DONE SOME AMAZING WORK.
% IT'S JUST YOUR CONTRIBUTIONS
% FEED THE SORT OF THE WAY THAT
% THESE THINGS GET DONE, THE WAY
% THINGS ARE PAID FOR.
% YOUR SUPPORT BRINGS MONEY TO PBS
% WISCONSIN THAT HELPS US FIND
% GREAT PROGRAMS TO BRING TO YOUR
% HOME.
% I LOVE THIS WONDERFUL THING NEAR
% THE END OF THE PROGRAM WHERE
% THEY TALK ABOUT WHERE'S HEAVEN.
% HEAVEN'S THE GREATEST PLACE.
% IT'S JUST LIKE HERE.
% THAT CONNECTION AND THE
% PRECIOUSNESS OF THE HERE THAT WE
% LIVE IN IS WONDERFULLY TOLD
% RIGHT THERE, THESE TEACHERS, THE
% STORYTELLERS THAT PUBLIC
% TELEVISION BRINGS INTO OUR LIVES
% TO ENRICH US EVERY DAY, AND YOUR
% SUPPORT MAKES IT POSSIBLE.
% JOIN THE PEOPLE ON THE PHONE
% RIGHT NOW WITH YOUR CALL AND
% YOUR PLEDGE TO 1-800-236-3636.
% >> THANKS, JON.
% YOU KNOW, HERE AT PBS WISCONSIN
% WE STRIVE TO CREATE AND SHARE
% PROGRAMMING THAT INSPIRES,
% WHETHER THAT'S AT ANY AGE.
% OUR PBS KIDS' PROGRAMS HAVE
% INSPIRED GENERATIONS OF KIDS TO
% EXPLORE THE WORLD AROUND THEM.
% HOPEFULLY A PROGRAM LIKE THE ONE
% YOU JUST GOT DONE WATCHING
% TONIGHT IS GOING TO INSPIRE YOU
% TO HEAD OUT AND FIND THE NEAREST
% SPACE WHERE YOU CAN FULLY TAKE
% IN.
% WHEN IS THE LAST TIME YOU TOOK
% THE TIME TO TAKE IN THE NIGHT
% SKY?
% HOPEFULLY THIS PROGRAM HAS
% INSPIRED YOU TO DO THAT.
% THERE'S STILL PLENTY OF TIME
% THIS SUMMER TO GET OUTDOORS.
% WE HAVE THE BEAUTIFUL WISCONSIN
% FALL COMING.
% HOPEFULLY PROGRAMS LIKE THIS
% INSPIRE YOU TO DO THAT.
% BUT WE CAN ONLY KEEP PROVIDING
% THOSE PROGRAMS FOR YOU AND YOUR
% NEIGHBORS WITH YOUR SUPPORT AT
% 1-800-236-3636.
% AND OF COURSE WE'VE GOT THOSE
% GREAT THANK YOU GIFTS.
% DON'T FORGET THAT.
% $10 A MONTH WE'LL SEND YOU THE
% BOOK OR THE NIGHT SKY GUIDE THAT
% YOU CAN USE IN YOUR OWN
% BACKYARD.
% AT THE $15 A MONTH LEVEL, WE'LL
% SEND YOU THIS GREAT PHOTOGRAPHIC
% PRINT OF THE NORTHERN LIGHTS.
% AT THE $20 A MONTH LEVEL WE WILL
% SEND YOU ALL THREE OF THOSE.
% BUT THE GREATEST GIFT OF COURSE
% IS CREATING THAT ONGOING LEGACY
% OF INSPIRATION THROUGH PBS
% WISCONSIN.
% SO CALL RIGHT NOW,
% 1-800-236-3636.
% >> YOU KNOW, AND REMEMBER, WHEN
% YOU BECOME A SUSTAINER OR OFFER
% A GIFT AT ANY OF THE SUGGESTED
% LEVELS, YOU HAVE ACCESS TO THE
% PBS PASSPORT.
% I DON'T KNOW HOW MANY TIMES I'VE
% RUN OFF TO GO ON VACATION
% SOMEWHERE OR GO TO A BUSINESS
% TRIP AND I KEEP THINKING DID I
% REMEMBER MY PASSPORT?
% IN THIS CASE YOU GET THE PBS
% WISCONSIN PASSPORT.
% YOU DON'T HAVE TO WORRY ABOUT
% IT.
% YOU DON'T HAVE TO GO LOOKING IN
% THE CLOSET OR SHOEBOX.
% THERE'S OVER 1,000 HOURS OF
% PROGRAMMING.
% IT IS AMAZING THE ACCESS YOU
% HAVE TO ALL KINDS OF
% INTERESTING, ENGAGING
% PROGRAMMING.
% 1-800-236-3636 OR
% pbswisconsin.org.
% THERE'S A QR CODE THAT WE
% MENTIONED BEFORE.
% AGAIN, 1-800-236-3636 OR
% pbswisconsin.org.
% THE PASSPORT IS A REALLY AWESOME
% WAY TO HAVE ACCESS TO ADDITIONAL
% PROGRAMMING WITHIN THE PBS
% WISCONSIN PROGRAMMING VAULT, IF
% YOU WILL.
% AGAIN, OVER 1,000 HOURS.
% WE SPEND MORE TIME THAN THAT
% WALKING FROM ONE ROOM TO THE
% OTHER LOOKING FOR OUR PASSPORT.
% SO, AGAIN, 1-800-236-3636.
% >> WELL, THANK YOU FOR YOUR
% SUPPORT, YOUR CALLS, AND ONLINE
% GIFTS TO PBS WISCONSIN.
% THIS WONDERFUL PROGRAM REMINDS
% ME OF A WONDERFUL WISCONSIN
% TRADITION OF GOING NORTH.
% CERTAINLY PEOPLE LIVE IN THE
% NORTH.
% AND THEN THEY MAYBE GO FARTHER
% NORTH.
% BUT I WAS RECENTLY IN MINOCQUA
% AND BOULDER JUNCTION AND IN THE
% EVENING TO BE ABLE TO LOOK UP
% AND SEE THAT WE HAVE THESE
% PLACES IN WISCONSIN, TOO, AND WE
% HAVE PEOPLE IN WISCONSIN REALLY
% WORKING TO THINK ABOUT LIGHT
% POLLUTION, TO CHANGE OUR
% PERSPECTIVE, TO THANK THOSE
% FOLKS WHO ARE DOING THE WORK.
% WE'RE SEEING MANY FEATURED FROM
% MINNESOTA AND THE GREAT LAKES
% REGION, BUT WE KNOW A LOT OF
% FOLKS ACROSS WISCONSIN ARE ALSO
% DOING THIS IMPORTANT WORK.
% YOUR CONTRIBUTION SUPPORTS
% SHARING THOSE KINDS OF STORIES
% AND WE INVENTED PUBLIC
% BROADCASTING IN WISCONSIN.
% IT STARTS AS EARLY AS 1914 IN
% THE PHYSICS DEPARTMENT OF
% UW-MADISON.
% WE WERE SO EARLY IN BROADCASTING
% THAT OUR FIRST BROADCASTS WERE
% MORSE CODE, WITH THIS IDEA EVEN
% THEN THAT THIS TOOL COULD
% CONNECT AND EDUCATE OUR STATE.
% NOW WE'RE SEEING IT IN ITS GLORY
% ON PUBLIC RADIO AND PUBLIC
% TELEVISION, BUT IT STARTED WITH
% THIS IDEA OF CONNECTING OUR
% STATE.
% AND YOU SUPPORT THAT WITH YOUR
% PLEDGE.
% THANK YOU.
% >> THANKS, JON.
% THAT'S RIGHT.
% AND YOU CAN BE PART OF THAT
% LEGACY OF INNOVATION AND
% INSPIRATION BY CALLING
% 1-800-236-3636.
% OF COURSE WE'VE GOT THOSE GREAT
% THANK YOU GIFTS.
% AT THE $10 LEVEL, WE'VE GOT YOUR
% CHOICE OF THE OJIBWA SKY STAR
% MAP BOOK OR THIS NIGHT SKY MAP
% GUIDE TOOL THAT YOU CAN USE IN
% YOUR OWN BACKYARD OR THE NEAREST
% PLACE THAT YOU CAN GET OUT TO
% EXPLORE THE NIGHT SKY.
% AT THE $15 LEVEL WE'D LOVE TO
% SEND YOU THIS BEAUTIFUL PRINT
% FROM TRAVIS NOVITSKY WHO YOU SAW
% FEATURED IN THIS PROGRAM.
% AT THE $20 LEVEL WE WILL SEND
% YOU ALL THREE OF THEM.
% WE WANT TO MAKE THIS AS EASY AS
% POSSIBLE.
% SO WHETHER YOU WANT TO TALK TO
% ONE OF OUR AWESOME VOLUNTEERS ON
% THE PHONE AT 1-800-236-3636 OR
% YOU WANT TO GO TO
% pbswisconsin.org OR TAKE OUT
% YOUR SMARTPHONE AND SCAN THAT QR
% CODE.
% IT WILL TAKE YOU RIGHT TO THE
% DONATION PAGE WHERE YOU CAN
% CHOOSE FROM THESE GIFTS OR OTHER
% GIFTS.
% THE MOST IMPORTANT THING IS THAT
% YOU DO MAKE THAT DONATION AND
% SUPPORT THE LEGACY OF PUBLIC
% TELEVISION IN WISCONSIN.
% 1-800-236-3636.
% >> YOU KNOW, I WANT TO THANK YOU
% FOR JOINING US HERE AT PBS
% WISCONSIN AND I WANT YOU TO
% CONSIDER THE VALUE.
% I WANT YOU TO CONSIDER THE
% LONG-TERM INVESTMENT.
% AND I WOULD SPECULATE THAT IF
% YOU'RE STILL HERE WATCHING THIS
% AND LISTENING TO ME TALK ABOUT
% THESE THINGS, YOU ARE INVESTED
% ENOUGH TO UNDERSTAND THE VALUE
% OF THIS PROGRAMMING AND
% THEREFORE INVESTED ENOUGH TO
% CONSIDER THE SUSTAINER LEVEL OR
% CONSIDER THE ANNUAL GIFT.
% 1-800-236-3636.
% pbswisconsin.org OR THE QR
% CODE.
% ALL KINDS OF ACCESSIBILITY VERY
% SIMILAR TO PBS WISCONSIN.
% AGAIN, 1-800-236-3636 AND THANK
(gentle music)
(gentle music continue)