- Female Announcer: This program is brought to you
by the combined resources
of the Wisconsin Historical Society
and PBS Wisconsin.
[resonating piano melody]
- Narrator: On the bottom of Wisconsin waters
lie the wrecks of over 700 ships.
[bubbling]
Frozen in time,
each tangle of wreckage
sheds light on a maritime mystery:
What ship is it?
How was it built?
What was it carrying?
And what happened to the ship
and the crew?
Each shipwreck also tells a Wisconsin story
of a state that grew strong
because of shipping and the Great Lakes,
[bird cawing]
of Wisconsin sailors and coastal communities
facing the dangers of the unforgiving lakes.
Wisconsin divers made history
by pioneering new ways to explore shipwrecks.
And our maritime historians led the effort
to understand them and to protect them
for future generations.
- When you see a shipwreck,
especially with a lot of the stuff still on it,
that's just really fascinating,
especially if you're diving a little bit of a deeper wreck,
and you're going down the anchor line,
and all of a sudden, this shadow appears below you.
And as you keep going down, there it is.
- It's like you're in a museum of the past
on the bottom of the lake.
Draws you down there.
♪ ♪
[waves lapping]
- Male Announcer: Funding forShipwrecks!
is provided by
the David L. and Rita E. Nelson Family Fund
within the Community Foundation for the Fox Valley Region,
the Dwight and Linda Davis Foundation
Dr. Henry Anderson and Shirley Levine,
Robert J. Lenz,
A. Paul Jones Charitable Trust,
City of Sheboygan,
Elizabeth Parker,
Sharon and Tim Thousand,
the Ruth St.John and John Dunham West Foundation,
Ron and Colleen Weyers,
Wisconsin Coastal Management Program,
and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
John J. Frautschi Family Foundation,
Trust Point,
Focus Fund for Wisconsin Programs
supported in part
by the National Endowment for the Humanities,
and Friends of PBS Wisconsin.
[boat engine]
- On the Great Lakes, you get these fall gales.
And it's almost like a small hurricane on the Great Lakes.
You get caught out in one of those,
and you're in big trouble.
- Things like coal and grain had to be delivered in the fall.
And, of course, the gales of November,
this is when the worst weather comes to the Great Lakes.
- Green: Shipowners would often press captains
to make that last trip of the season
past when it was probably prudent to do so.
- There were no weather reports at the time.
There was no weather radar.
Ships would leave on a November morning,
and everybody kind of knew in the back of their mind
that there were going to be big storms. [waves crashing]
- Green: Before you have modern navigation,
GPS, and radios, and radar,
you really were on your own
with your own skills as a mariner.
A surprising number of shipwrecks
were due to collision, fog, and reduced visibility.
[crowd murmuring]
- Thousands of immigrants traveled to Wisconsin
on early wooden steamers,
which gave rise
to one of the most dreaded causes of shipwrecks.
[ship horn]
- Green: When vessels were switching from sail to steam,
fire was a big cause of maritime disasters. [fire crackling]
The steamerPhoenix,
which was carrying immigrants from Holland,
they had almost reached the very end of their journey,
going to the community of Sheboygan, Wisconsin.
And there was a fire that broke out,
and the vessel was quickly engulfed,
and over 180 people lost their lives.
It's one of the largest maritime disasters here on the Lakes.
- This family bible was found washed up on shore--
a symbol of the lost lives and lost hopes for a better life.
- The few individuals that did make it to shore in lifeboats
did settle in the Sheboygan area,
and their descendants are still there today
and hold that story very close.
- Wisconsin's maritime history
stretches back many thousands of years
before the first Europeans arrived.
In the waters of Lake Mary, in Kenosha county,
the Nagle family spotted a piece of that ancient history.
- L. Vrany: Me and my grandma
went out in that sailboat there
looking for what my dad saw.
- Mr. Nagle: There's the original piece that was found.
- L. Vrany: We saw it.
We picked it up with a pitchfork, and I said,
"Grandma, I think this is an Indian dugout canoe."
My grandma said, "Lauren, I think it is."
- Joyce: And, of course, myself being an archaeologist,
I was very interested right away,
and went out, checked it out,
and sure enough, it's the front end of a canoe,
a dugout canoe.
Looking at it,
we decided right away that it was a little bit unusual.
There were no metal tool marks of any sort.
It looked like it had been charred,
and then the interior scraped out,
which would mean that it was prehistoric.
We put it back in the water.
I called the State Historical Society.
They have maritime archaeologists.
At that time, it was Dave Cooper and Jeff Gray.
And they actually swam through silt
and felt their way around to find more pieces.
At that point, they took the dugout and all of the pieces
back to the State Historical Society
for some conservation work.
Radiocarbon dating is a great way to date organics,
and, of course, a tree is organic.
And we just took a sample and sent it off to the lab,
and it came back to be 1,860 years old--
so nearly 2,000 years old.
- At nearly 2,000 years old, this dugout canoe
is the oldest watercraft found yet in Wisconsin.
- We have a tendency to think
that people who lived long ago
didn't move around a lot,
and it's just not true.
They moved around a lot.
- Grignon: The birch bark canoe
is probably a universal boat of the Great Lakes tribes.
The roots and the cedar,
and everything was available from the environment
to make a birch bark canoe.
We used to go up into Canada in birch bark canoes,
the huge ones, up to Montreal, and trade with the French.
The birch bark canoe had to be really sturdy
and able to withstand the waves of the Great Lakes.
[birds cawing]
- Off the coast of Manitowoc and Sheboygan
lie many of Wisconsin's oldest shipwrecks.
In 1994, a fishing tug out of Two Rivers,
theSusie Q,
snagged its nets on an object underwater.
- Radovan: They asked us divers if we could retrieve
the net for them.
The net buoy was floating on the surface.
They told us about where it was.
We went out there, took a look at it electronically.
- The net had snagged on a shipwreck,
sitting upright,
with its mast still standing.
- Radovan: And it was a short time after,
we sent two divers down to see
if they could work on that net.
They also wanted to see what it was.
They didn't get much beyond the mast
at that very first time.
But that mast was a dead giveaway
that they had found a schooner.
- A sonar towfish pulled past the wreck,
provided the first glimpse of the ship
from bow to stern.
- You see the actual shape.
The back end is broke down, or the bow is broke down.
[electronic beeping]
[splash]
- More dives gave clues to its identity,
Nwhich was later confirmed to be the schoonerGallinipper--
Wisconsin's oldest shipwreck.
- Baillod: Turns out, theGallinipper
was built as the schooner Nancy Dousmanin 1832.
And she was owned by Michael Dousman,
who was a fur trader up at Michilimackinac
in the eighteen-teens and twenties.
He became one of Milwaukee's largest grain merchants.
- TheNancy Dousman would go on to take part
in most of Wisconsin's frontier industries--
beginning with carrying nloads of fur to eastern markets.
On a return trip in 1833,
it stopped at the growing settlement of Green Bay,
delivering an essential load of supplies.
- Baillod: There were a lot of goods
that you just couldn't get here.
If you wanted anything made of glass,
if you want dishware, if you wanted silverware,
if you wanted nails to build your house,
you had to get that all from Buffalo or Oswego.
- In Milwaukee, nnew owners cut the ship in two,
added 25 feet to the middle,
and renamed it The Gallinipper.
The ship went back to work,
now carrying bigger cargoes of Wisconsin lumber and grain.
But its new length made it hard to handle.
And in 1854, it was knocked down in a storm
and went to the bottom.
All of the crew were rescued by a passing schooner.
TheGallinipper remains an example
of the craftsmanship of early, hand-built ships.
- Baillod: They really were made as works of art.
They had beautiful carved figureheads
and scrollwork on their bows.
Their sterns, their transoms,
had beautiful carved artwork on them.
And finding a ship from that era,
from the handcrafted era,
where the men worked the beams by hand,
literally carving those ships out of oak.
And, one of those ships might take 20 acres of white oak.
They would have to level 20 acres of forest to build.
TheGallinipper is a prime example of a vessel
that you can look at every single piece of wood on there,
and it's all made of wood,
just carved by hand by craftsman.
There were hundreds of wooden schooners
that you could see out on the lake at any one time
if you lived in, say,
Milwaukee or Sheboygan or Manitowoc.
- When schooners and those early wooden steamers
were sailing the Great Lakes,
you would see this waterfront here in Manitowoc
just chockablock full of those.
- It was such a huge part
of Wisconsin's economy and Wisconsin's culture.
A whole community of people lived there
that worked on those ships.
[water lapping, birds cawing]
[upbeat music]
- With 300 miles of shoreline, and a rich maritime past,
Door County became the perfect destination
for the growing sport of scuba diving in the 1960s.
- Boyd: It was probably one of the first places
to really catch on.
And the thing that drove people
in the direction of Door County was shipwrecks.
- Robinson: And at the time, I lived in the Chicago area
and came up here with my club diving, and I was hooked.
You know, we were used to diving in quarries or lakes
down in Illinois or southern Wisconsin,
and now I come up here, and there's a shipwreck.
And boy, I...
and eventually, I moved up here.
- The growing popularity of scuba
was due-- in part-- to the efforts
of a diver from Wisconsin named Zale Parry.
[studio audience applauds]
- Groucho Marx: How far down can you dive with this rig?
- Zale: With the Aqualung, I dove to 209 feet.
- Well, I admire you, Zale.
It must take a lot of courage to go down that deep.
- Thank you. - I get panicky
when the barber puts my head in the sink for a shampoo.
[studio audience laughs]
Isn't that getting in pretty deep for a young girl like you?
- Zale: Yes, it is, Groucho, it's the women's world record.
- Well, congratulations!
[audience applauds]
- Parry grew up on the waters of Pewaukee Lake,
and in high school, joined the Sam Howard Aqua Follies
as a synchronized swimmer,
performing at fairs and other large events.
Moving to California, she learned to scuba dive
and became a dive instructor.
-Sea HuntNarrator: Marineland was anxious
to have a specimen of this strange fish.
But 3,000 pounds of sheer muscle was too much.
[dramatic orchestra music]
- Parry joined the production team
of the popular television programSea Hunt
and gave its star, Lloyd Bridges,
early lessons in how to dive.
She also appeared in many episodes ofSea Hunt,
a program that boosted the interest in scuba diving
around the country.
-Sea HuntNarrator: An approaching ship...
- I got interested in diving
back in about 1959
from watching Lloyd Bridges onSea Hunt.
- Lloyd Bridges: Let's look! - I was just fascinated by it.
So, I looked up in the Yellow Pages in telephone book
where the closest dive shop was and went over,
and I ended up with a tank, regulator, mask, fins, snorkel.
- Frank Hoffmann would go on to shock
the shipwreck diving world
by finding the first completely intact wooden schooner--
something most experts thought impossible.
- Boyd: I was working summers in Door County
as an outboard mechanic,
so I went down and introduced myself to Frank
because, frankly, I thought he was a charlatan.
We'd heard this rumor about this--
"Oh, my gosh, an intact wooden ship?
"That can't be.
And anybody that says so has got to be a fake."
I went down and find this guy is very, very genuine.
In fact, particularly when he looked me in the eye, he said,
"Hey, would you like to go out and dive it on Sunday?"
Well, [chuckles] that pretty well settled the matter.
Frank sold his business in Chicago,
bought a bar and grill up in Door County,
and expanded it with a motel
and a little diver's air station
where you can get your scuba tanks filled.
And he had a couple of boats,
and he started taking divers out to visit this thing
because it was a whole new experience.
And, boy, we had people come from all over--
as far as California and so on--
to visit this wreck.
- The wreck was identified as theJennibel,
a Door County schooner that sank in a storm in 1881
while carrying cordwood and hemlock bark--
used for tanning leather.
All of the crew were rescued.
- Boyd: That was kind of a spark, and people said, "Wow,
"you can actually find these things intact.
And there's all these artifacts and stuff on them."
- But theJennibel was soon broken to pieces
in an attempt by treasure hunters
to lift it off the bottom.
- Boyd: They made arrangements secretly to raise the wreck
and diving at night out there.
The location was kept secret.
How did they find it?
They had followed us out there
with a boat equipped with radar
so that we didn't see them following us out.
But, in fact, they were able to
locate the wreck.
They put two cables under it,
ran those two cables up to a single cable,
and tried to lift this thing,
which is settled several feet into the mud.
And essentially, what happened
is that they just snapped it in two
in the process,
and it scattered down into this trench.
♪ ♪
- Remarkably, Frank Hoffman
would soon discover another intact shipwreck.
[splash]
It was a mystery ship--
one that would change forever
the way shipwreck hunters and archaeologists
would view the shipwrecks lying in Wisconsin waters.
♪ ♪
>> HI.
I'M JON MISKOWSKI, DIRECTOR OF
PBS WISCONSIN AND YOU'RE WATCHING "SHIPWRECKS!," A
DOCUMENTARY THAT'S BEEN SEVERAL YEARS IN THE PRODUCTION AND
INSPIRED IN GREAT PART BY STORIES FROM THE WRECKAGE, THE
PUBLICATION, THE BOOK FROM WISCONSIN HISTORICAL SOCIETY.
THIS PROGRAM CONTINUES AS WE EXPLORE THIS IMPORTANT PART OF
WISCONSIN'S MARITIME LEGACY AND HISTORY THAT REALLY CONNECTS
WITH SO MANY FAMILIES, SO MANY INDUSTRIES.
YOU'VE SEEN SOME OF THOSE STORIES.
IT WILL CONTINUE. AND TONIGHT WE INVITE YOU TO
SUPPORT PBS WISCONSIN. WE HAVE SPECIAL THANK YOU GIFTS
INCLUDING THE DOCUMENTARY. AGAIN, A DOCUMENTARY THAT
TOUCHES SO MANY FAMILIES IN WISCONSIN WITH THESE REALLY
IMPORTANT STORIES OF OUR STATE. SO WHAT WE'RE ABOUT AT WISCONSIN
PUBLIC TELEVISION IS FEATURING THE STORIES OF OUR STATE.
WE HOPE YOU'LL STAY WITH US AND ENJOY AND LEARN WITH US AS WE
WATCH "SHIPWRECKS!" AND TAKE A MINUTE TO CALL 1-800-236-3636 TO
SUPPORT THIS PROGRAM, TO SUPPORT ALL THE PROGRAMS AND ESPECIALLY
THE WISCONSIN PROGRAMMING ON PBS WISCONSIN.
THANK YOU. >> HI.
I'M AIMEE GRANGER. SO EXCITED FOR THIS PREMIERE
TONIGHT. IT'S BEEN YEARS IN THE MAKING,
LOTS OF PEOPLE LOOKING FORWARD TO TONIGHT'S PROGRAM.
IF YOU'RE INSPIRED TO PLEDGE THIS EVENING BECAUSE OF WHAT
YOU'RE WATCHING, WE HAVE SOME REALLY EXCITING THANK YOU GIFTS
FOR YOU, FOR YOU OR ANY YOUNG OR OLD LEARNER IN YOUR LIFE THAT
YOU WANT TO GIFT THESE WONDERFUL THANK YOUS TO.
SO WHEN YOU GIVE TONIGHT AT THE $10 PER MONTH SUSTAINER LEVEL,
YOU HAVE YOUR CHOICE OF A DVD OF TONIGHT'S PROGRAM, THIS GORGEOUS
COMPANION BOOK OR A REALLY NEAT IMMERSIVE EXPERIENCE VR HEADSET
WHICH DAIFORT IS GOING TO DEMONSTRATE IN A LITTLE BIT.
AT $15 WE'D LIKE TO THANK YOU WITH TWO COPIES OF THE DVD.
AT $20 A MONTH, YOU CAN CHOOSE ALL OF THESE GIFTS.
SO IT'S THE BOOK, A COPY OF THE DVD, THE VR VIEWER AND OF COURSE
BOTTOM OF YOUR SCREEN THERE, 1-800-236-3636.
>> THANK YOU FOR YOUR CALLS AND THANK YOU FOR YOUR SUPPORT.
THIS IS A REALLY IMPORTANT STORY TO THOSE COMMUNITIES, SHEBOYGAN,
MANITOWOC, STURGEON BAY, ALL OF DOOR COUNTY.
THESE STORIES ARE REALLY IMPORTANT TO UNDERSTANDING OUR
HISTORY OF OUR STATE. COMING UP IN THE PROGRAM FOR
SOME OF US WE'LL BE INTRODUCED TO MAX KNOLL, AN IN!! IN VOA!!!! -- INNOVATOR IN
DIVING. IT'S JUST AMAZING, THE COURAGE,
THE INNOVATION THAT YOU'LL SEE IN THAT STORY, INCLUDING KNOLL
WAS CRITICAL IN THE DIVE ON THE LUCITANIA, IS NATIONAL STORY
THERE AS WELL. IN ADDITION THIS AMAZING STORY
OF THE ALVIN CLARK OF BRINGING UP THIS SHIP IS SOMETHING THAT'S
REALLY, REALLY FASCINATING AND HOW THAT WAS ACCOMPLISHED.
THAT'S COMING UP AND THE STORY OF THE ALVIN CLARK.
WE HOPE YOU'LL GIVE US A CALL. WE HAVE A LOT OF GREAT THANK YOU
GIFTS, INCLUDING THE DVD, WHICH IS A GREAT WAY TO SHARE THIS
WITH FAMILY AND FRIENDS. SO GIVE US A CALL WITH YOUR
PLEDGE AT 1-800-236-3636. >> THAT'S RIGHT.
TONIGHT'S THANK YOU GIFTS ARE REALLY SPECTACULAR.
THERE'S A LOT OF GREAT THINGS HERE THAT YOU'LL WANT FOR
YOURSELF AND YOU'LL ALSO WANT TO SHARE AS A GIFT.
SO WHEN YOU PLEDGE YOUR SUPPORT THIS EVENING, WE HAVE THE DVD
COPY OF THE PROGRAM THAT YOU'RE WATCHING AT THE $10 PER MONTH
LEVEL. AND THEN ADDITIONALLY THIS
GORGEOUS BOOK FULL OF PHOTOGRAPHS AND INFORMATION
THAT'S A COMPANION TO THE SHOW THAT YOU'RE WATCHING THIS
EVENING. WHAT'S REALLY NEAT, DAVID IS
GOING TO SHARE MORE ABOUT THIS, BUT THIS IS AN IMMERSIVE
EXPERIENCE, SO IT'S LIKE A VR HEADSET THAT YOU ASSEMBLE
YOURSELF AND THEN YOU CAN USE THIS TO REALLY ENHANCE YOUR
VIEWING OF THE PROGRAM. WE HAVEN'T DONE THIS BEFORE.
IT'S VERY SPECIAL. WE CREATED IT RIGHT HERE AT PBS
WISCONSIN. SO GIVE US A CALL THIS EVENING
IF ANY OF THESE THANK YOU GIFTS INSPIRE YOU TO GIVE JUST A
LITTLE BIT MORE AT 1-800-236-3636 OR
pbswisconsin.org. >> YOU KNOW, I'VE GOT A SONG
FROM A TOTALLY UNRELATED PBS SHOW GOING THROUGH MY HEAD.
ONE OF THESE THINGS IS NOT LIKE THE OTHER.
YOU WERE EXPECTING A DVD, A BOOK, BUT WERE YOU EXPECTING A
VR HEADSET. IT COMES IN THE MAIL LIKE THIS,
NICE, FLAT PACKAGE HERE. ALL YOU HAVE TO DO IS YOU PULL
IT OUT. NOW IT'S GOING TO BE HARD
BECAUSE I'M ON AIR. JUST PULL IT OUT.
I DID THIS BEFORE PRACTICING. IT WAS PRETTY EASY.
JUST FOLD IT UP AND VELCRO IT OVER.
ON THE BACK HERE WE'RE JUST GOING TO PULL DOWN THE VIEWER.
IT HAS LITTLE CARDBOARD TABS THAT YOU CAN TUCK IT INTO.
IN THE END ONCE I GET THIS SECURING PIECE HERE TOGETHER SO
THAT IT WILL STAY FLAT, THERE WE GO, NOW I JUST HAVE A SLOT HERE
TO STICK MY PHONE RIGHT IN THE SLOT, VELCRO IT DOWN AND I'M
READY TO CHECK OUT, WELL, RIGHT NOW THE LOCK SCREEN ON MY PHONE,
BUT CONCEPTUALLY TO CHECK OUT THE THING THAT ACTUALLY -- NOW
WE HAVE IT ON THE SCREEN THERE FOR YOU TO SEE.
WHAT'S REALLY NEAT IS THIS IS VIRTUAL REALITY.
YOU'RE NOT JUST WATCHING A MOVIE.
YOU'RE LIKE -- AS YOU TURN YOUR HEAD, IT'S TURNING WITH YOU AND
YOU GET TO EXPLORE THE SHIP AND THERE'S LITTLE TEXT ANNOTATIONS
THERE THAT TELL YOU WHAT'S GOING ON.
BUT IT'S SELF-DIRECTED. WE RECOMMEND YOU SIT DOWN IN A
SPINNING CHAIR SO YOU CAN GET THE WHOLE 360-DEGREE EXPERIENCE.
I GOT TO SAY, IT'S PRETTY COOL. IT BRINGS THIS NEW LEVEL OF
EXPERIENCE TO SEE, EXPLORING THESE WRECKS.
YOU KNOW, ESPECIALLY WITH STORIES LIKE THIS THAT ARE SO
PERSONAL. THEY'RE SO MEANINGFUL TO
WISCONSIN, BRINGING IT TO THAT NEXT LEVEL OF INTERIVITY REALLY
MAKES A BIG DIFFERENCE. SO THAT'S A GREAT THANK YOU GIFT
TO CONSIDER AT THE $10 A MONTH LEVEL.
1-800-236-3636. >> CONGRATULATIONS, DAVID.
YOU GOT THAT TOGETHER. WELL DONE.
THE OTHER THING ABOUT THAT VIEWER IS IT OPENS YOU UP TO
THOUSANDS OF HOURS OF OTHER CONTENT FROM AROUND THE WORLD.
SO ONCE YOU START TO EXPLORE THAT, YOU WILL REALIZE THERE'S
AMAZING WORK FROM WISCONSIN AND ALL OVER THE WORLD FROM THAT
TOOL. I ALSO WANT TO MENTION, TELL YOU
ABOUT SOMETHING THAT MAYBE YOU WILL NEVER USE.
MAYBE THIS ISN'T FOR YOU, BUT SOMETHING THAT I THINK YOU MIGHT
WANT TO SUPPORT WITH YOUR GIFT. IN ADDITION TO THE DOCUMENTARY,
THE VR WORK THAT WE'VE BEEN TALKING ABOUT JUST NOW, PBS
WISCONSIN HAS BEEN COLLABORATING WITH FIELD DAY, A GAMING UNIT
AND EDUCATIONAL GAMING UNIT AT UW-MADISON.
THIS VIDEO GAME IS IN PRODUCTION AND A COMPANION OF SORTS WITH
"SHIPWRECKS!" THAT WILL BRING THE ENTHUSIASM YOUNG PEOPLE HAVE
FOR GAMING INTO THE CLASSROOM TO TEACH THEM HISTORY, TO SHOW THEM
HOW TO THINK LIKE AN HISTORIAN, TO SHOW THEM WHAT EXPLORATION IS
ABOUT, TO INSPIRE LEARNING. WE KNOW THAT THAT PRODUCT IS
RIGHT NOW IN CLASSROOMS ACROSS THE STATE BEING PLAY TESTED AND
WE KNOW WE'VE GOT AND STARTED TO GET FEEDBACK FROM 4TH GRADERS,
5TH GRADERS TELLING US HOW TO MAKE IT A BETTER GAME AND
IMPROVE THE LEARNING. WISCONSIN PUBLIC TELEVISION HAS
A STRONG COMMITMENT FOR OVER 100 YEARS TO SERVING WISCONSIN
SCHOOLS THAT STARTED WITH THE FIRST EDUCATION BROADCAST IN THE
COUNTRY AND CONTINUE WITH WORK LIKE THIS, LIKE "SHIPWRECKS!."
THAT IS ABSOLUTELY SOME OF THE MOST CUTTING EDGE, SOME OF THE
MOST ADVANCED WORK ANYWHERE IN THE COUNTRY.
YOUR CONTRIBUTION TO PBS WISCONSIN, YOUR FINANCIAL
SUPPORT MAKES THAT POSSIBLE AS WELL.
SO AS YOU ENJOY THE DOCUMENTARY, THINKING ABOUT THOSE KIDS
LEARNING ABOUT WISCONSIN HISTORY AND WE HOPE THAT WILL INSPIRE
YOU ALSO TO GIVE AND SUPPORT PBS ♪ ♪
At the time Frank Hoffmann discovered the schoonerJennibel,
shipwrecks were not well-protected
by state and federal laws.
He brought up one of the ship's anchors
and placed it behind nhis new business in Egg Harbor.
- This was "finders keepers" times in those days.
And so, the idea that when you were on the shipwreck,
if you didn't, say, maybe pick up a plate in the galley
or maybe even saw off a fitting,
but you better bring something up,
or you weren't much of a diver.
- Although treasure hunters had wrecked theJennibel,
Hoffmann's discovery of an intact schooner
shocked the diving community.
- Boyd: People said, "Wow,
you can actually find these things intact."
But what are the chances that this will ever happen again?
- Hoffman: Dick Garbowski, fishermen in Menominee,
just called me on the phone
and asked if I couldn't free their nets.
They got them tangled up in some object underwater.
And, of course, it was--
Well, it was in November of '67.
It was cold, miserable day out, but the water was halfway calm.
I couldn't get in contact with any of the other divers
in our group in that short of a notice
to come up and help us out with the net.
So, I had to make the first dive myself.
[suspenseful music, splash]
Going down alone, I wasn't feeling too well,
you know, myself, but it was a job that had to be done.
And, of course, our Green Bay waters are dark.
Your light fades out at about 60 to 70 feet.
When I did get down to the net, and, of course,
then I seen what was down there,
and it was an old sailing ship.
Back in them days, we only had
pressure cookers with car batteries in them and sealed beam headlights.
The pressure cooker that I had,
the light kept going on and off.
And, of course, visibility was a foot and a half.
When the light went out, you didn't see nothing.
And I did the best that I could, freeing the net,
cutting the net, and freeing it up.
And after a certain length of time,
I knew that I couldn't accomplish the job myself.
And so, then I returned back up to the surface,
and I was never so happy to get up on top
as I was after that dive.
I knew at the end of that dive
that we were on an old sailing schooner.
How old exactly, I do not--
I didn't know at that time.
But the idea that I knew it was big,
and I knew it was beautiful,
and it was something that had never been touched before.
I felt the best thing was for me to call in for extra divers,
to finish freeing the nets up.
After we had accomplished the job of getting the nets off,
we took a tour of the ship itself to see what it was.
We found the wheel of the ship,
and there was still canvas on the wheel itself.
And this was to protect somebody
from putting their arm or leg through it
if the ship would take a fast turn.
As to the interior of the ship,
we found out that it was entirely filled with silt
to within about a foot or so of the deck,
you know, inside the cargo holds.
The cabin area was the same thing.
And when the diver would go into the silt
to get any articles out from inside the ship,
the silt would stir up,
and it would hang in the water.
And we didn't realize up or down or sideways.
It was like swimming through a bottle of India ink.
- Boyd: That was very exciting
because we had no idea what the wreck was.
In those days,
none of those records and so on were available.
There was very little interest in that sort of thing.
And so, for the better part of a year and a half,
we had no idea what it was.
- Hoffmann's team of divers
brought in a small pump to begin removing the silt
and brought up artifacts
that gave clues nabout the identity of the ship.
- Boyd: I brought up a bowl out of the galley,
and on the bottom of it is a bunch of embossing on there.
And we were able to determine that it was pre-Civil War,
and so, this vessel has got to be
very early 1840s and '50s, '60s.
That's real old stuff
as far as Great Lakes shipping is concerned.
- As the divers brought up more artifacts,
well-preserved in the cold, thick silt,
the media began to follow the story.
- Boyd: We'd gotten just enough artifacts out
that this craze was going wild
and the idea that, first of all,
a totally intact wreck had been found.
They don't know what's in it.
They don't even know what it is.
It's the "Mystery Ship From 19 Fathoms."
The excitement got so much that all of a sudden,
Marinette Marine Corporation,
particularly Harold Derusha there,
was a big maritime history fan;
He essentially gives the project
a 60-foot LCM craft equipped with
a very large eight-inch diameter salvage pump.
We just outfitted this thing for diving.
So now, all of a sudden,
we have this huge craft to work with.
- After connecting the big pump,
divers began removing tons of silt.
More artifacts were revealed--
frozen in time, non the ship's last day at sail.
- One big crock came up.
There's a nice picture of it.
Had the usual little silt on the top of it,
so we scraped it off from.
The thing is, is full of what was called a crock cheese,
which was a very common staple on ships,
and they can put it onto a biscuit and so on.
I was a microbiologist at the time,
so we took a sample, and by golly,
we could still recover thelactobacillus
that had formed on it.
The thing was still viable in the cheese.
And so, we sent it out to the Kraft Foods people.
And it turned out
it was the world's oldest sample of edible cheese.
"Did I taste it?" is always the question.
Yeah, I did, and it was terrible. [chuckles]
But in talking to people
who were familiar with that sort of thing,
they said the stuff was always terrible.
In another case, we came up with a couple of ducks.
They were pretty much intact.
The flesh and so on was on them.
The head and so on was missing.
These things were prepared for a meal.
That was about the same time
that we identified the wreck
and realized that the captain and a couple of crewmen
had gone down with it.
And we got real uneasy about working in that silt down there.
As it turned out, there were no human remains ever found
on theClark.
They were not on board the vessel.
- The mystery ship was identified as theAlvin Clark:
built in 1846
and sunk in 1864.
- Almost a little tornado came dancing across Green Bay
and smacked her and capsized her,
and sent her to the bottom.
- It's now thought the ship transported lumber
for timber pirates, who cut down ntrees on government-owned land.
- We've gotten just enough artifacts out
that this craze was going wild.
And all of a sudden, you're up to the point where
you've identified it and so on.
And gosh, you've got this thing.
At that time, there was no other known intact wreck.
It just seemed like the logical thing
would be to bring it up and preserve it.
And, of course, Hoffman really wanted to do it at that point.
He really had the fever.
He almost had dedicated his life to this whole business.
- The first step in raising the ship
was to find a way to loosen the masts from the deck
and haul them up with a crane.
Next, the group figured out na plan to raise the ship itself,
using six cables tunneled under the hull.
- Boyd: Where do you buy a tool to do that?
We had to invent one.
We bent a piece of two-inch aluminum pipe
that would match the curvature of the hull.
On the end of it, we designed what we called a dredging head.
Attach that on one end of the pipe, firehose on the other,
and you wrestle that underwater.
You could just slowly push that pipe right underneath theClark.
And this thing would just dredge its way right under
following the curvature of the hull.
When it popped up on the other side,
you tied a nylon line on it,
pull the thing back out,
and there was a cable waiting from the surface that you then
attached to the nylon line.
Took six weeks to put six cables underneath that puppy,
and that was a real job.
- Hoffmann: A lift barge had to be found.
And, of course, Marinette Marine came through once again
in locating one for us.
They had gotten the steel cables ordered
that we were going to put in underneath the ship itself.
From this, we used a set of blocks and pulleys
and with 24 steel cables going up to the lift barge.
The lift barge was positioned over the ship itself.
And on the lift barge,
we had four hand-crank winches.
For every hundred turns on the cranks,
we could raise the ship approximately five inches.
It was very tiring on our crew because they had worked so long.
Boats would come out to see what was going on--
all of the sightseers, newspapermen, television people,
and everything else.
No one was allowed onto Cleo's barge
or onto the lift barge itself
until they put in their hundred turns on the crank
to help us raise the ship.
And everybody pitched in.
And it was a tremendous thing, you know,
to see hundreds of people out there
all helping us work in the final lifting process.
As the cranking came to an end,
the ship became visible under the barge.
Its bowsprit rose above the water,
and the crew triumphantly posed on it [dog shakes off water]
as the barge readied to tow the ship to Marinette
for the final raising.
[crowd murmuring]
- Marinette Marine closed the shipyard.
And there were over 15,000 people
that had come down
to watch theAlvin Clark raised to the surface.
And it was a tremendous feeling.
We had dove on the ship for two years.
We had never seen the ship itself in its entirety.
All we could see was three and four feet.
We were amazed just as much as everybody else was.
- Boyd: When that thing hit the surface,
and you saw the size of that thing,
we just went, "Wow,
you know, this is really something else again."
The thing was all so nice and clean
that it was just absolutely amazing.
We decided to see how badly it was leaking
and we had pumped it out.
We slack the cables off,
and the darn thing floated.
A hundred and five years it had been underwater,
and as far as we could tell, it wasn't hardly leaking a drop.
- As they cleaned up the ship,
the divers brought up the remaining artifacts
that would tell the story of life on an early schooner.
After a long period of kiln drying,
the ship was re-rigged,
and became a popular tourist attraction.
- Boyd: All of the rigging was put on,
the ratlines, the whole business.
She looked just like she would sail.
And she was floating in this little private harbor
called the "Mystery Ship Seaport,"
between Marinette, Wisconsin,
and Menominee, Michigan.
And so, shewas a regular museum.
- TheAlvin Clark
yielded a boatload of maritime information--
how the sailors lived,
the design and construction of the ship, and much more.
But over the next two decades-- exposed to the elements--
theAlvin Clark began to deteriorate.
- Boyd: What she really needed very apparently,
she really needed
to be dry-docked and to have a building over her.
- Hoffmann: It's the feeling of myself and our group
that actually we did our job.
And it's now for somebody to come forth
and preserve and take care of the ship.
- Frank Hoffmann moved the ship out of the water,
but try as he might,
he couldn't raise the funds to preserve it.
- Boyd: And the money for it just wasn't there
no matter what you do or how you tried.
And it eventually disintegrated
and was unceremoniously bulldozed up
and run off to a landfill site in the '90s.
[regulator bubbles]
- The destruction of theAlvin Clark
signaled the end of the "finders keepers" era
of Wisconsin shipwrecks.
New laws were passed to protect shipwrecks--
encouraging divers to visit,
but to "Take only pictures and leave only bubbles."
In 1954--
15 years before the raising of the Alvin Clark--
a Dutch cargo ship, thePrins Willem V,
loaded up in Milwaukee.
After taking on a full cargo of Wisconsin products,
the ship departed at dusk in strong October winds.
[wind whistling] Three miles out,
thePrins Willemcollided with an oil barge.
As it began to sink,
the coast guard arrived and rescued all of the crew.
[wood creaking]
ThePrins Willem came to rest on its side
in 80 feet of water.
The Army Corps of Engineers
declared the wreck a hazard to navigation
and requested proposals to remove it.
- Kuesel: The Corps of Engineers assumed that the wreck
would have to either be cut up, dynamited,
dragged out to deeper water, or raised
in order to clear it to the required 40 feet deep.
- Milwaukee salvage diver, Max Nohl,
won the bid to clear the hazard
and gain ownership of the wreck.
He soon discovered
that it would be easier to clear than anyone expected.
- This is the gangplank from thePrins Willem V.
This was sticking up to 31 feet of the surface.
The Corps of Engineers
felt that the entire wreck stuck up that high.
Max Nohl got the contract
to clear it to the required 40 feet,
and all he had to do was cut this loose.
Took about 20 minutes.
- As a child in the 1920s,
Max Nohl became fascinated
with the Jules Verne classic
20,000 Leagues Under The Sea.
The growing popularity nof the open bottom diving helmet
inspired many Wisconsin teenagers,
like Max and his friend Jack Browne,
to build their own.
Jack made a rubber suit out of old innertubes
and a helmet from a five-gallon paint can,
held down with window weights.
Jack lent his suit to Max
to make a dive into Lake Michigan.
- Kuesel: And according to Max's writings, years later,
he was hooked.
He wanted to be underwater whenever he could.
[splash]
- While a student at MIT, Max bought a used diving suit,
which he brought home one summer.
With the help of his friends Jack Browne and Verne Netzow,
he discovered the wreck of theJ.M. Allmendinger--
a wooden steam barge that ran aground in a storm
near Mequon in 1895.
After college,
Nohl met and teamed up with John D. Craig,
a diver and Hollywood adventure-film producer.
Craig had secured a contract
to work on the salvage of theLusitania,
an ocean liner, sunk off the coast of Ireland in 1915.
- TheLusitania that got us into World War I
had been torpedoed off of Ireland
in 312 feet of water.
And the deepest dive of record at that time
was made by a US Navy diver-- 306 feet.
So, how could they get at the treasures of theLusitania?
[suspenseful music]
[turning page]
- In the quest to reach theLusitania,
Max Nohl and Jack Browne would team up once again
to design and build a revolutionary diving suit.
Nohl and John Craig would volunteer as human guinea pigs
in dangerous experiments,
hoping to shatter the limits
of how deep shipwreck divers could go
and how long they could stay down.
[heartbeat, exhaling into regulator]
>> HI.
I'M JON MISKOWSKI OF PBS
WISCONSIN. THIS IS A REALLY IMPORTANT
WISCONSIN STORY. I'M GLAD THAT WE'RE SHARING IT
WITH YOU TONIGHT IN "SHIPWRECKS!," THIS NEW
DOCUMENTARY IN COLLABORATION WITH THE WISCONSIN HISTORICAL
SOCIETY. THESE FEW MINUTES THAT WE'RE
TALKING TO YOU RIGHT NOW ARE A CHANCE FOR YOU TO CONTRIBUTE TO
PBS WISCONSIN. WE HAVE SOME SPECIAL THANK YOU
GIFTS. BUT RIGHT NOW YOUR DOLLARS ARE
DOUBLED BY A CHALLENGE FUND SET UP BY CURRENT MEMBERS OF PBS
WISCONSIN. SO WE'RE HOPING TO HEAR FROM 50
PEOPLE DURING THIS BREAK AND YOUR DOLLARS ARE DOUBLED WHEN
YOU CALL THANKS TO THAT SPECIAL GIFT FROM CURRENT MEMBERS OF PBS
WISCONSIN. YOU'RE ENJOYING "SHIPWRECKS!."
WE HAVE SOME GREAT THANK YOU GIFTS, INCLUDING A COMPANION
BOOK, A GREAT WAY TO LEARN MORE ABOUT THIS IMPORTANT HISTORY OF
WISCONSIN. SO START BY CALLING
1-800-236-3636 WITH YOUR PLEDGE. >> HI.
I'M AIMEE GRANGER. WE ARE SO EXCITED ABOUT THIS
PROGRAM THIS EVENING AND WE'RE REALLY EXCITED ABOUT THESE
ESPECIALLY NEAT THANK YOU GIFTS, BOTH FOR YOU AND FOR SOMEONE
THAT YOU LOVE. THIS MIGHT BE A GREAT WAY FOR
YOU TO NOT ONLY CONTRIBUTE TO PBS WISCONSIN THIS EVENING, BUT
TO COME UP WITH SOME GREAT GIFTS FOR THE PEOPLE IN YOUR LIFE.
SO IF YOU JOINED US FOR OUR LAST BREAK, DAVID EXPLAINED A LITTLE
BIT ABOUT THIS VR HEADSET, WHICH IS AN IMMERSIVE EXPERIENCE YOU
USE WITH YOUR MOBILE PHONE. YOU ASSEMBLE THIS TOOL, USE YOUR
PHONE AND YOU CAN ENGAGE IN ONE OF THREE DIFFERENT IMMERSIVE
EXPERIENCES ON THE SS WISCONSIN. YOU'RE DIVING DEEP AND GOING
360. DAVID WILL SHARE A LITTLE MORE
ABOUT THAT COMING UP. AT THE $10 A MONTH LEVEL WHEN
YOU CONTRIBUTE AS A SUSTAINER YOU MAY CHOOSE THE DVD OF THIS
PROGRAM, THE BOOK OR THE VR VIEWER.
AT $15 PER MONTH AS A SUSTAINER WE'D LOVE TO THANK YOU WITH TWO
COPIES OF THE DVD, ONE FOR YOU, ONE FOR A FRIEND.
AND AT $20 PER MONTH AS A SUSTAINER, YOU GET THE ENTIRE
PACKAGE. SO THAT'S THE DVD, THE BOOK AND
THE VR HEADSET. REALLY NEAT PACKAGE WHEN YOU
1-800-236-3636. >> THANK YOU, DAVID, AND THANK
YOU FOR JOINING US WITH YOUR PLEDGE.
AGAIN, THIS IS A CHALLENGE BREAK, SO A GREAT CHANCE TO
DOUBLE YOUR GIFT WITH YOUR CALL AND PLEDGE TO 1-800-236-3636.
AS WE'VE MENTIONED, THIS DOCUMENTARY IS INSPIRED BY THE
BOOK "STORIES FROM THE WRECKAGE" WITH THE WISCONSIN HISTORICAL
SOCIETY AND I'M ALSO HERE WITH ANOTHER INSPIRATION FOR THAT,
FOR THE DOCUMENTARY AND THAT'S TAMARA THOMSEN, WHO IS AN
UNDERWATER ARCHEOLOGIST, WHICH IS ENOUGH REASON TO WANT TO KNOW
WHAT DO YOU DO, TAMARA? WHY DON'T YOU EXPLAIN A LITTLE
BIT ABOUT THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY AND THE UNDERWATER ARCHEOLOGY
AND WHY IT'S SO IMPORTANT FOR OUR STATE.
>> I AM ONE OF TWO UNDERWATER ARCHEOLOGISTS THAT OUR STATE
HAS. OUR PROGRAM HAS BEEN AROUND
SINCE 1987, AND SINCE THAT TIME WE'VE LOOKED AT OVER 200
SHIPWRECKS ON OUR LAKE BOTTOMS AND DOCUMENTED THEM FOR LISTING
IN THE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES.
>> SO, TAMARA, YOU'VE BEEN INVOLVED AND WE'VE TALKED ABOUT
THE VR EXPERIENCE, THE GAME A LITTLE BIT AND THE DOCUMENTARY.
YOU'VE BEEN INVOLVED IN ALL OF THOSE.
AGAIN, IT'S A REMINDER WHEN WE PUT TOGETHER SOMETHING AT PBS
WISCONSIN, WE BRING A LOT OF CRAFT, BUT A LOT OF HISTORY AND
A LOT OF EXPERTS TO YOU. DO YOU WANT TO HIGHLIGHT
SOMETHING THAT YOU WORKED ON THAT WAS ESPECIALLY ENJOYABLE?
>> OH, I JUST THINK IT'S VERY EXCITING TO BE ABLE TO SHARE THE
VR EXPERIENCE WITH FOLKS BECAUSE IT'S AN OPPORTUNITY TO GO AND
VISIT A SHIPWRECK, THE SS WISCONSIN, WITHOUT EVEN GETTING
WET. SO YOU DON'T HAVE TO BE A DIVER
TO IMMERSE YOURSELF IN THE SHIPWRECK EXPERIENCE.
>> U THAT, TAMARA. THIS HAS BEEN QUITE A JOURNEY
WITH THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY, WITH THE COMPLICATIONS OF COVID,
THE COMPLICATIONS OF ACTUALLY SEEING THINGS UNDERWATE.
SO CONGRATULATIONS TO YOU AND THIS GRAND TEAM THAT HAS DONE
THIS AMAZING WORK AND THAT WE'RE SHARING SOME OF TONIGHT.
THANK YOU. STAY WITH US.
YOUR JOB AT HOME IS TO CALL US, SUPPORT THIS WORK AT
1-800-236-3636. >> AND WHEN YOU GIVE US A CALL
THIS EVENING, WE HAVE SOME REALLY FANTASTIC THANK YOU
GIFTS. WHEN YOU PLEDGE YOUR SUPPORT AT
$10 PER MONTH AS A SUSTAINER, LET US THANK YOU WITH EITHER A
COPY OF THE DVD OF THE PROGRAM YOU'RE WATCHING THIS EVENING,
THE COMPANION BOOK, WHICH IS JUST A WEALTH OF INFORMATION.
IF THIS TOPIC FAST NATURES YOU, YOU NEED THE BOOK, OR THE VR
VIEWER WHICH WE'VE TALKED ABOUT THIS EVENING AND DAVID IS GOING
TO DEMONSTRATE FOR US AGAIN. AT $10 A MONTH, YOU CHOOSE.
AT $15 A MONTH IT'S TWO COPIES OF THE DVD PROGRAM.
AT $20 A MONTH, IT'S THE ENTIRE PACKAGE.
AND OF COURSE AT ANY LEVEL WHEN YOU PLEDGE YOUR SUPPORT, YOU
RECEIVE MONTHLY COPIES OF "AIRWAVES" PROGRAM GUIDE, WHICH
IS JUST A FABULOUS WAY TO STAY ON TOP OF WHAT'S COMING UP AT
PBS WISCONSIN. GIVE US A CALL AT 1-800-236-3636
OR PLEDGE ONLINE. >> NO, I WILL NOT EXCUSE THE
PUN. I WILL DEMONSTRATE THE VR
VIEWER. WE ARE AT 21 CALLS, MORE THAN
HALFWAY TO OUR GOAL OF 40 CALLS DURING THIS CHALLENGE BREAK.
PLEASE PICK UP THE PHONE RIGHT NOW, 1-800-236-3636.
LET'S TALK ABOUT THIS RATHER UNIQUE THANK YOU GIFT.
SO I'VE GOT THIS THING PULLED UP ON MY PHONE NOW.
I SHOWED IN THE PREVIOUS BREAK HOW TO ASSEMBLE THIS THING.
SO I'LL LET THAT BE SOMETHING YOU GO BACK AND WATCH.
IT'S NOT HARD. I FIGURED IT OUT WITHOUT THE
INSTRUCTIONS. I'M JUST GOING TO SLIDE MY PHONE
IN HERE AND VELCRO IT DOWN AND HERE WE GO.
OKAY. LOOKS LIKE IT'S OVER HERE, SO
BEAR WITH ME. THERE IT IS.
AND I AM NOW -- THAT'S ACTUALLY KIND OF COOL.
I AM LOOKING AT THIS SHIPWRECK. I'M NOT GOING TO WALK INTO A
WALL. THERE'S A WALL THERE, RIGHT?
AND LIKE HOW COOL IS THAT? WHAT?
TAMARA SAID YOU CAN GO DIVING WITHOUT GETTING WET.
YOU CAN GO DIVING. HOW MANY PEOPLE GET TO DIVE AND
LOOK AT THE SHIPWRECK? TRUST ME.
I WOULD NEVER BE CERTIFIED. THEY WOULD FIND 5,000 REASONS TO
DISBAR ME FROM THAT. ACTUALLY, IT MAKES NOISE.
I WAS HEARING THE OCEAN WAVES. I GUESS THEY'RE NOT WAVES AT
THAT LEVEL. IT'S A TRULY IMMERSIVE
EXPERIENCE AND IT TAKES YOUR UNDERSTANDING OF THIS HISTORY OF
WISCONSIN TO A WHOLE NEW LEVEL. THAT'S JUST ONE OF THE THANK YOU
GIFTS THAT YOU CAN GET. AND OF COURSE MORE IMPORTANTLY
IS THAT YOU CAN SUPPORT THIS PROGRAMMING.
WE ARE AT 29 CALLS. 11 MORE TO GO.
NOW IS THE TIME TO CALL, 1-800-236-3636.
>> THANKS, DAVID. I'M JON MISKOWSKI, DIRECTOR OF
PBS WISCONSIN AND I'M HERE WITH TAMARA THOMSEN FROM THE
WISCONSIN HISTORICAL SOCIETY. TAMARA, PEOPLE WANT TO LEARN
MORE. WHAT WE DO AT PBS WISCONSIN, WE
KNOW THAT A DOCUMENTARY HAS THOSE LIMITATIONS.
WE CAN'T TAKE YOU EVERYWHERE. BUT FOLKS WANT TO GO TO A NEXT
PLACE, LEARN MORE, WHAT ARE SOME OF YOUR SUGGESTIONS?
>> WELL, WE HOST A WEBSITE ALONG WITH THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN
SEA GRANT INSTITUTE, WHICH IS WISCONSINSHIPWRECKS.ORG.
IF FOLKS WOULD LIKE TO GO THERE AND VISIT IT, THEY CAN LEARN A
LITTLE BIT ABOUT ALL 700 AND MORE SHIPWRECKS THAT ARE IN
WISCONSIN WATERS. >> THIS SOUNDS -- YOU KNOW, I
THINK YOU WOULD BE FIRST TO REMIND FOLKS ABOUT THESE ARE
TRAGEDIES. THEY'RE REALLY SERIOUS
INCIDENTS. AND YET THEY HOLD SO MUCH
HISTORY. DO YOU HAVE A FAVORITE DIVE OR
SOME FAVORITES? >> MY ABSOLUTE FAVORITE IS THE
CHRISTMAS TREE SHIPWRECK SIMMONS.
WHEN YOU VISIT THAT SHIPWRECK, IT IS STILL STACKED WITH
CHRISTMAS TREES IN ITS HOLD. AND IF YOU LOOK VERY CLOSELY AT
SOME OF THE TREES THAT ARE IN THE LOWER LEVELS, THEY STILL
HAVE THE NEEDLES ON THEM. >> WOW.
WOW. AND ANY OTHER ONES THAT YOU
THINK ARE ESPECIALLY REMARKABLE? >> WELL, WE JUST GOT TO VISIT
THE SENATOR SHIPWRECK A COUPLE YEARS AGO, WHICH IS IN 450 FEET
OF WATER. WE VISITED THAT WITH ROBOTICS.
AND THAT SHIP WENT DOWN WITH OVER 200 AUTOMOBILES IN ITS
HOLD. AND SO THAT WAS REALLY NEAT
EXPERIENCE, TO GO SOMEWHERE WHERE YOU WOULDN'T NECESSARILY
BE ABLE TO DIVE TO, BUT TO SPEND TIME LOOKING AT THOSE CARS THAT
WERE GOING TO MARKET JUST A COUPLE DAYS AFTER THE STOCK
MARKET CRASHED IN 1929. >> THANKS, TAMARA, FOR JOINING
US AND WE'LL TALK MORE. AND THANK YOU FOR YOUR AMAZING
WORK. IF FOLKS ARE WONDERING IS THAT
THE TAMARA THOMSEN THAT I READ ABOUT IN THE NEWSPAPER RECENTLY?
WE HAVEN'T EVEN MENTIONED THAT WONDERFUL RECENT DISCOVERY IN
LAKE MENDOTA. WE WANT TO ENCOURAGE FOLKS TO GO
TO THE PHONE, SUPPORT PBS WISCONSIN, SUPPORT THIS
ADVENTUROUS APPROACH TO LEARNING WITH YOUR CALL AND PLEDGE TO
1-800-236-3636. >> I THINK THIS EVENING I HAVE A
COUPLE OF SCHOOL-AGE LEARNERS AT HOME WHO HAVE A NEW CAREER
ASPIRATION ON THEIR LIST, UNDERWATER ARCHEOLOGIST, THANKS
TO TAMARA. THEY'RE ALSO LOOKING FORWARD TO
THIS VR HEADSET. THIS IS REALLY COOL.
THERE'S SOMEONE IN YOUR LIFE THAT WOULD FIND THIS A GREAT WAY
TO TAKE A DEEP DIVE INTO THIS TOPIC.
PLEASE LET US THANK YOU WITH SOME OF THESE AWESOME THANK YOU
GIFTS. WE HAVE THE DVD, COMPANION BOOK
OR VR VIEWER AT $10 A MONTH. AT $15 LET US THANK YOU WITH TWO
COPIES OF THE DVD. AND THEN THE ENTIRE PACKAGE WHEN
YOU PLEDGE YOUR SUPPORT OF $20 A MONTH WE'LL SEND YOU THE DVD,
THE BOOK AND YOUR COPY OF "AIRWAVES" EVERY MONTH.
GIVE US A CALL AT 1-800-236-3636 OR PLEDGE ONLINE.
YOU CAN LEARN A LITTLE BIT MORE ABOUT ALL OF THESE THANK YOU
GIFTS IF YOU TAKE A LOOK THERE AT pbswisconsin.org AND AGAIN
WE'LL TAKE A LITTLE BIT MORE OF A LOOK.
DAVID DID A GREAT LOOK ON THIS VR VIEWER.
IT GIVES YOU A 360 EXPERIENCE, SOME OF WHICH YOU SAW WITH
DAVID, ONE OF THREE DIFFERENT EXPERIENCES THAT YOU CAN VIEW OF
THE SS WISCONSIN, AN ACTUAL SHIP THAT IS IN LAKE MICHIGAN.
SO GIVE US A CALL, 1-800-236-3636.
>> WHEN I WAS A KID, I WANTED TO BE A ZOOOLOGIST, WHICH I WAS
TOLD YOU GO HUNTING FOR BIG FOOT.
I DON'T THINK THAT JOB ACTUALLY EXISTED.
IF YOU HAD TOLD ME YESTERDAY THAT THERE WAS A JOB CALLED
UNDERWATER ARCHEOLOGIST, I'M NOT SURE I WOULD HAVE THOUGHT THAT
WOULD HAVE EXISTED OR NOT. WE ARE AT 37 CALLS GOING FOR 40.
WE CAN MAKE THAT HAPPEN IF YOU CALL 1-800-236-3636.
I'VE BEEN TALKING A LOT ABOUT THIS VR VIEWER.
YOU KNOW, I'M SOLD. THERE ARE OTHER THANK YOU GIFTS
AS WELL. I DON'T WANT TO BE REMISS.
THERE'S THIS WONDERFUL BOOK COMPANION THAT HAS FULL COLOR
PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE SHIPWRECKS AND ALL SORTS OF INCREDIBLE
HISTORY, CONTEXT FOR THE SAILINGS AND WHAT LIFE WAS LIKE
AT THE TIME. THERE'S THE DVD OF THE PROGRAM,
OF COURSE. THERE'S THINGS LIKE "AIRWAVES"
MAGAZINE AND PBS PASSPORT, WHERE YOU CAN GO ONLINE ON-DEMAND AND
SEE ALL THESE PROGRAMS AGAIN AND AGAIN.
WHATEVER IS MOTIVATING YOU, THAT'S WHAT MATTERS RIGHT NOW.
1-800-236-3636 IS THE NUMBER TO CALL.
>> SO JUST A COUPLE MINUTE OR SO FOR YOU TO TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THE
CHALLENGE AND HAVE YOUR DOLLARS DOUBLED, SO CALL 1-800-236-3636.
LET'S GO BEYOND AND WELL BEYOND THE GOAL WITH YOUR CALL AND
PLEDGE. I WANT TO THANK SOME FUNDERS WHO
REALLY APPRECIATE YOUR CALLS. YOU'RE SEEING THE PRODUCT OF THE
WORK OF LOTS OF GREAT PEOPLE. SOME FOLKS JOINED US AT THE
BEGINNING OF THIS PROJECT AND SUPPORTED THE VISION OF WHAT WE
WERE ATTEMPTING TO DO HERE, WHICH IS QUITE COMPLICATED.
I HOPE YOU'RE GETTING A SENSE WITH THE EDUCATION VIDEO GAME,
THE VR WORK. WE'RE PUSHING OURSELVES FORWARD
IN NEW WAYS TO SERVE AUDIENCES. I WANT TO THANK THE FUNDERS;
DWIGHT AND LINDA DAVIS FOUNDATION, DR. HENRY ANDERSON
AND SHIRLEY LEVINE. BOB LENZ.
THE JONES CHARITABLE TRUST. CITY OF SHEBOYGAN.
RUTH ST. JOHN AND FOUNDATION. RON AND COLLEEN WEYERS.
THE JOHN J. FAMILY FOUNDATION. TRUST POINT.
FOCUS FUND OF WISCONSIN PROGRAMS.
THE NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR THE HUMANITIES AND ALL OF YOU
THROUGH FRIENDS OF PBS WISCONSIN.
I HAVE TO SAY WHEN I LOOK AT THIS LIST, IT JUST SO MUCH
REPRESENTS THE WAY WE APPROACH OUR WORK AT PBS WISCONSIN.
THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF THESE FAMILIES IN GREEN BAY, DE PERE,
APPLETON, JANESVILLE, MILWAUKEE, DOOR COUNTY, WAUSAU, IT'S JUST
AN AN!!!AN AMAZING CONTRIBUTION TO OUR ♪ ♪
- In their quest
to reach the wreck of nthe sunken ocean linerLusitania
adventure film producer John Craig
and Milwaukee diver Max Nohl
would have to dive deeper
than anyone wearing a standard diving suit
had ever gone.
At the time,
shipwreck divers breathed compressed air
delivered through a hose by a pump on the surface.
Dive times and the depth a diver can go
are limited by the nitrogen in the air,
which accumulates in the blood under high pressure.
- Kuesel: The nitrogen has some ill effects,
and one of those is sometimes called the bends.
The nitrogen gets into the bloodstream
in a liquid form.
And if the driver comes up from a depth too quickly
without what's called decompression,
that nitrogen returns to a gas
and bubbles in the blood supply of the diver.
And the worst-case scenario is it kills the diver.
And the other was the effects of nitrogen--
you start feeling like
maybe you've had an extra martini or two.
"Nitrogen narcosis" is what they call that--
drunkenness.
And some of the decisions that are made
can be fatal.
- While a student at MIT, Max Nohl designed
a self-contained diving suit without a clumsy air hose.
Nohl decided that air could be supplied by tanks,
which opened up the possibility
of breathing gases other than regular air.
As Max and his old friend Jack Browne set to work,
building the new suit,
word began to spread about their plans.
- The idea that this guy now claimed
he had a revolutionary suit that was self-contained
and they were going to go
down on theLusitania and salvage it.
Milwaukee Journal picked up on that.
And, of course, that kind of story
went out on the old wire service.
- Some articles noted nthat they planned to experiment
with breathing helium instead of nitrogen.
This caught the attention of Dr. Edgar End,
of the Marquette University Medical School.
He knew that a diver breathing helium
could, in theory,
dive much deeper and return to the surface much faster.
- Dr. End had been doing some experiments
with helium and oxygen on animals
that they had at Marquette University.
They had little chamber systems set up,
and they were looking at the possibility of using helium.
And so, they teamed up.
But how the heck would have they ever tested these things
other than maybe doing it in the water,
which could have been maybe difficult and risky?
How the heck would they have known
this thing was going to work ahead of time?
But in 1928, Milwaukee had put in
what's called a recompression chamber
because they were seeing a lot of cases of bends.
This wasn't from divers.
This was from people that are called "sandhogs."
[clanging]
- Milwaukee's "sandhogs" were construction workers
digging the deep tunnels
for new sewer lines and water intakes.
If they came up to the surface too quickly,
they could suffer from a case of the bends.
- Boyd: And so, in the old Milwaukee County Hospital,
they built a recompression chamber
so that these guys could be recompressed,
which was the only really successful treatment,
usually for the bends.
- Using the chamber,
Dr. End designed a series of experiments
to test the breathing of helium mixtures under high pressure.
- Boyd: Basically, they said, "Well, we need another test animal.
I guess that'll be us." [chuckles]
And they walk into the chamber
and, you know, run the, run the tests on themselves.
[valve opens]
- Chief engineer Joseph Fischer sealed the chamber
and began to slowly pump in air
to simulate 100 feet of water pressure.
[inhaling and exhaling audibly]
As the temperature rose to over a hundred degrees,
Max Nohl and John Craig
would breathe the helium nand oxygen mixture for an hour.
To test the limits,
Dr. End instructed Fischer to release the pressure
23 times faster than usual--
in 2 minutes, instead of 47.
[breathing slowly]
The experiment was a success.
Both Nohl and Craig felt fine.
With the guidance of Dr. End,
Nohl used helium on some test dives
and discovered an additional benefit.
- Boyd: Max started to realize that,
"Hey, I'm pretty sharp down there
breathing this stuff."
It didn't produce that "nitrogen narcosis" effect.
- British Newsreel Announcer: It doesn't look much different,
but it's something new in diving apparatus.
Its inventor, Max Nohl of Wisconsin,
breathes a blend of oxygen and helium,
which he claims will defeat the tendency to paralysis
under pressure at great depth.
- Now fully confident,
Max Nohl attempted to break the world's record
with a deep dive into Lake Michigan.
- Boyd: Not only did he get a Coast Guard cutter
to take him out to do this dive,
but he gets NBC Radio to cover the whole broadcast live.
But when you think about it,
despite the fact
that it was engineered, thought out, and put together,
it was a prototype.
It was a jury rig!
Nobody had ever done this kind of thing before.
- Newsreel: Down he goes.
And he talks from below for broadcasting.
- Nohl: Hello, I'm on the bottom.
- NBC: You're on the bottom? - Nohl: I'm on the bottom.
- NBC: Well, wait a minute, we'll find the depth.
What's the depth there? - 420 feet
- NBC: 420 feet, that's a record, Max.
- Newsreel: Over a hundred feet deeper than the previous record,
which means that the sunkenLusitania
is now within reach of the diver.
- The coming of World War II
prevented Max Nohl
from diving on theLusitania,
but the helium technology he helped develop
would go on to revolutionize
deep water diving and shipwreck exploration.
[splashing]
In the decades to come,
as breathing helium and other new technologies
became more common,
treasure hunters
threatened to strip Wisconsin shipwrecks
of most of their artifacts.
- There was a lot of looting that was taking place.
People started going out, and they would entirely salvage
all of the cargo, all of the personal effects,
so it lost a lot of the cultural value
that's associated with the shipwrecks,
that really allow us to tell those stories.
- New state and federal laws
would eventually phase out
the "finders keepers" view of shipwrecks
and bring about a new perspective.
- Thomsen: That these are special places,
places that we should protect and respect,
that these are places
where not only did people live and work,
but oftentimes died
because in some cases they're burial sites--
and so to leave the shipwrecks
as they were when you visited them
so they can be new for the next person that comes.
- Merryman: ...moved all this stuff.
- Minnesota diver and nmaritime historian Ken Merryman
continues to hunt for shipwrecks,
but with a new purpose:
to discover their histories
and to tell their stories.
For almost two decades,
Ken has teamed up with Jerry Eliason
to do the often-tedious work
of finding wrecks.
- Merryman: It's not a sport that everybody likes.
I mean, you've got to be kind of boring people.
That's the bottom line. [chuckles]
Or you got to have somebody that, you know,
you can joke around with and have a good time.
- Jerry: Okay, we're off.
- On this day, Ken and Jerry
are leaving the Port Washington Marina
on theHeyboy, a wooden boat
that draws attention wherever it goes.
- Merryman: The boat's a 1947 Owens Cruiser,
and I've owned it for 48 years.
- Ken and Jerry have identified dozens of wrecks,
most of them in Lake Superior.
- Eliason: Isn't it about 20, Ken?
- Well...
- Aren't we right around 20?
- Merryman: I think it's close to 30 now.
- I think it's 40, isn't it?
- Is it 40? [both laugh]
[Merryman imitates auctioneer] Do I hear 50?
- The team was focused on finding the wreck
of the long-sought Pere Marquette 18,
a railroad car ferry
missing since 1910.
[foghorn]
- There were dozens and dozens of them around the Great Lakes.
They would save miles
by bringing the railroad cars across on the ship
instead of driving completely around the lake.
But the majority of their work was in the winter,
or they spent a lot more,
so thePere Marquette 18 was chartered out
as an excursion boat.
Because in addition to railroad cars,
it also handled passengers.
So, it was used as a party boat
out in between Chicago and Waukegan
and Chicago and Milwaukee.
They'd just charter it out.
- After the ship returned once again
to serve as a railcar ferry,
thePere Marquette 18began its first trip of the season
from Ludington, Michigan to Milwaukee.
- Eliason: And there are stories
that Captain Kilty told his wife that,
"They wrecked my boat,"
when he first saw it after getting it back
because he wasn't the captain
during its charter boat season.
[creaking, waves]
- Five hours into the trip,
the captain was notified
that the stern of the ship was taking on water
and that the pumps could not keep up.
- But it just kept getting lower and lower and lower,
even though they dumped off railroad cars.
Some places, they'll say that they dumped all 30 of them.
Some places, it'll say that they dumped half of them.
[staticky ship to shore radio transmits S-O-S]
- One of the first Great Lakes ships
equipped with wireless telegraphy,
thePere Marquette 18 sent out a distress message.
- They were saying things like, you know,
"For God sakes, hurry, help us."
- At first, company operators on shore
dismissed the messages as fake, the work of a prankster.
Eventually, other vessels heeded the call,
and a sister ship, thePere Marquette 17
steamed off to assist.
- And they arrived just in time.
ThePere Marquette 18 hadn't gone down yet.
- With thePere Marquette 17 standing by,
thePere Marquette 18 continued its slow progress
due west.
nWith all engines still running,
the captain seemed confident
of the ship's ability to make it.
Suddenly, the big ship began to list.
The stern sank down, and nthe bow rose high into the air.
Passengers and crew on deck jumped for their lives
as the ship quickly sank, stern-first.
[yelling]
It's now thought that 29 people lost their lives.
And even with many witnesses and 35 survivors,
the cause of the wreck remains a mystery.
Those who might have known the answer--
the captain and all of the officers--
went down with the ship.
To search for a ship,
Ken and Jerry use a side-scan sonar
that uses reflected sound
to paint a picture of the lake bottom.
- All right, so she just tows like a torpedo.
This is what we see.
You know, if you saw a bright spot out here,
you'd be looking for something about that size, you know,
for a shipwreck, about an inch.
- Watching the sonar,
the team systematically scans a search area
in a process they call "mowing the lawn."
- 'Cause you're just going back and forth, back and forth,
over that area.
- To pinpoint the search area,
Ken and Jerry did a deep dive into the historical record.
- Merryman: We found a report from the wheelsman.
All the officers died
so he was the only one that had any clue
on the navigation of where the ship was.
That at a certain time they turned and headed south.
They were dumping railroad cars.
Then, then the helmsman said,
"I got the command to turn toward shore."
So, we just kind of scribed in all the things,
and we got a sweet spot.
We went back and forth
and then said, "Okay, let's both put an X on the chart,
pick our area."
And then, Jerry defined the search grid.
- Eliason: In this case, it was a fortuitous compromise.
[both laugh] - Yeah, I guess you could call it...
- After just a few passes on their grid,
their research paid off
as they spotted nwhat appeared to be a shipwreck
in about 500 feet of water.
- This is how the wreck lies.
This is the bow, and it sank stern first,
speared into the mud,
and still sits at quite an angle.
[bubbling]
- Dropping a camera and cable
the length of a 35-story building,
Ken and Jerry captured the first images
of the long-lost Pere Marquette 18.
The twisted metal and collapsed structures
reveal the impact
of striking the bottom, nearly 500 feet down.
A railroad car remains on board.
- Marge Christensen: Our phone rang around 10:30 one night,
and my son said, "Mom, the18's been found."
[laughs] Wow!
We were... really elated.
It was the neatest thing.
We sat there for quite a while looking,
both of us on our respective computers,
and some of the pictures that had been posted.
And people say-- they mention closure.
But I can understand it now.
We were far removed from the actual experience,
I mean, by a few generations, but...
So, we didn't ever feel the sadness of it,
but...
it was just really a good, good feeling
that it had been found.
[splashing]
- Of Wisconsin's 750 known shipwrecks,
the diving community has now found over 200.
- We actually have 75 shipwrecks
now listed on the National Register of Historic Places,
and that's more than any other state.
It's been a long time coming.
And, there's lots of people that have helped us along the way
get to this point where we're a leader really
in the preservation of these resources.
So, we can look at each one of the shipwrecks individually,
and they all tell stories.
So we can learn about the people that worked there,
we can learn about
the cargoes that were associated with them,
what their routes and ports of call were.
We can also learn really the immigrant stories.
People that not only took ships to come here to Wisconsin,
but also were involved with the early maritime trade.
And so, when we look at these things as a whole,
it's really an underwater museum.
It tells this maritime history,
from very early on with Native American craft,
all the way up to our latest shipwrecks,
which were into
really the modern era of freight carrying.
Each ship has its own story,
each ship association with a port,
and that port has its own story.
But they all contribute
to this overall maritime history of the state.
♪ ♪
>> HI.
I'M JON MISKOWSKI, DIRECTOR OF
PBS WISCONSIN. YOU'VE JUST SEEN "SHIPWRECKS!,"
THIS WONDERFUL IT SAYS RIGHT HERE DIVE INTO WISCONSIN
HISTORY. OF COURSE.
LOTS OF -- WE HAVE JUST RUN OUT OF PUNS THROUGH THIS PROJECT AND
NOW SHARING THEM WITH YOU. BUT WE INVITE YOU TO SUPPORT PBS
WISCONSIN. YOU'VE JUST SEEN HOW WE HAVE
THIS, A MISSION TO EXPLORE OUR HISTORY, LIFE, CULTURE,
WISCONSIN'S AMAZING INNOVATORS. YOU'VE JUST SEEN THAT.
WITH A GIFT OF $20 A MONTH, WE HAVE THE DVD.
WE ALSO HAVE THIS COMPANION BOOK "STORIES FROM THE WRECKAGE."
THIS IS PUBLISHED BY THE WISCONSIN HISTORICAL SOCIETY
PRESS WITH LOTS OF GREAT WAYS TO LEARN MORE ABOUT THIS MARITIME
HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. THEN THE VR VIEWER.
I THINK FOR A LOT OF FOLKS THAT MIGHT BE A GREAT HOLIDAY
ACTIVITY PLAYING AROUND WITH SOME YOUNGER FOLKS.
THE PLAYER ALSO OPENS UP A WORLD OF OTHER CONTENT.
WE MENTIONED THE SHIPWRECKS CONTENT, BUT THERE'S THOUSANDS
OF EXPLORATIONS FROM NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETY AND "NOVA"
THAT REALLY CAN TAKE YOU OUT INTO THE WORLD.
SO THIS IS AN INTERESTING TOOL TO LEARN MORE ABOUT THE VR WORLD
THAT'S OUT THERE. THANK YOU FOR JOINING US.
GREAT TIME TO CALL RIGHT NOW, 1-800-236-3636, WITH YOUR
PLEDGE. >> WELL, AS JON MENTIONED, THE
THANK YOU GIFTS THIS EVENING ARE REALLY, REALLY SPECIAL AND THEY
MAKE WONDERFUL GIFTS FOR OTHER PEOPLE IN YOUR LIFE, PEOPLE THAT
MIGHT WANT TO LEARN MORE ABOUT THIS PROGRAM, USING THE VR
VIEWER AND THE COMPANION BOOK. DID YOU KNOW THAT IF YOU WOULD
LIKE TO GIFT YOUR THANK YOU GIFTS TO SOMEONE ELSE, WE CAN
SEND THEM DIRECTLY TO THAT RECIPIENT.
SO WHEN YOU CALL THIS EVENING TO PLEDGE YOUR SUPPORT, HAVE THEIR
NAME AND ADDRESS READY AND LET THE PHONE BANK KNOW THAT YOU
WOULD LIKE YOUR GIFT GIVEN TO SOMEONE ELSE AND THEY WILL SHIP
THEM DIRECTLY. SO THAT IS A REALLY NICE PERK OF
SUPPORTING PBS WISCONSIN AND RECEIVING THESE FANTASTIC THANK
YOU GIFTS. SO AGAIN AT $10 PER MONTH AS A
SUSTAINER, IT'S THE DVD OF THE PROGRAM OR THE COMPANION BOOK OR
THE VR VIEWER. AT $15 PER MONTH, IT'S TWO
COPIES OF THE DVD. AND THEN AGAIN AT $20 PER MONTH
IT'S THE ENTIRE PACKAGE, THE COMPANION BOOK, THE VR VIEWER
AND THE DVD. SO WONDERFUL GIFTS FOR YOURSELF
OR SOMEONE THAT YOU THINK WOULD BE INSPIRED BY LEARNING MORE
ABOUT THIS. GIVE US A CALL AT
1-800-236-3636. >> YEAH.
AND I DO WANT TO JUST ONE MORE TIME GO OVER HOW EXACTLY THIS VR
VIEWER WORKS. IT'S NEW TO US, PROBABLY NEW TO
YOU AS WELL. BUT IT'S REALLY PRETTY
STRAIGHTFORWARD. WHEN IT COMES IN THE MAIL, IT'S
IN A FLAT PACKAGE. POP IT OUT.
FOLD IT TOGETHER. THERE'S INSTRUCTIONS YOU CAN
FOLLOW. WHEN YOU PUT IT ALL TOGETHER IT
LOOKS LIKE THIS. ON THE BOTTOM IS A LITTLE QR
CODE. TAKE YOUR PHONE, SMARTPHONE NOT
INCLUDED IN THIS THANK YOU GIFT, SNAP A PHOTO.
IT BRINGS UP THE WEBSITE. POP YOUR PHONE IN AND OFF YOU GO
TO DIVE INTO THE WORLD OF THE BOTTOM OF LAKE MICHIGAN.
IT'S A PRETTY COOL EXPERIENCE. I THINK JON HIT IT RIGHT ON THE
HEAD. THIS IS A GREAT GIFT.
THIS IS A GREAT WAY TO KIND OF BRIDGE GENERATIONS AND HAVE SOME
HISTORICALLY MOTIVATED FUN TOGETHER.
IT'S A VERY DIFFERENT WAY TO ENGAGE IN THE CONTENT THAT THIS
PROGRAM PROVIDES. AND OF COURSE THAT'S CONTENT
THAT WAS THOROUGHLY RESEARCHED AND CAREFULLY PRODUCED BY PBS
WISCONSIN. AND SO IF YOU WANT NOT ONLY A VR
VIEWER, BUT PROGRAMS LIKE THIS THAT MAKE YOU ASK THOSE
QUESTIONS, THAT INSPIRE YOU TO GO OFF AND BECOME AN UNDERWATER
ARCHEOLOGIST WHEN YOU GROW UP, THIS IS THE TIME TO MAKE THAT
PLEDGE OF SUPPORT. THE NUMBER IS THERE ON THE
BOTTOM OF YOUR SCREEN, 1-800-236-3636.
NOW IS THE TIME TO MAKE SURE PROGRAMS LIKE THIS CONTINUE TO
MAYBE YOU COULD BUILD ON THAT A LITTLE BIT.
THERE'S A REASON WHY THESE COMMUNITIES HAVE RECOGNIZED
THESE STORIES BECAUSE THESE ARE REALLY CRITICAL TO THEIR
COMMUNITIES. MAYBE YOU CAN EXPLAIN THAT A
LITTLE BIT, ABOUT HOW THIS CONVERSATION OF COMMERCE AND
FAMILY AND LOSS AND MAYBE EXPLAIN WHY THESE ARE SO
IMPORTANT TO OUR STATE. >> SURE.
YOU KNOW, A LOT OF TIMES THE MARITIME COMMUNITIES WERE REALLY
THE HUB OF COMMERCE, AND BEFORE THERE WERE TRAINS AND BEFORE
THERE WERE ROADS THAT MADE THEIR WAY REALLY HERE, WHEN WE WERE
THE WESTERN FRONTIER, THE WAY TO GET AROUND WAS BY WATER.
AND SO RIGHT NOW WHEN WE TURN OUR BACK SORT OF ON THE LAKES,
BUT YOU!! NOW IT'S TIME TO LOOK FORWARD AND RECONNECT WITH THAT
HISTORY THAT MADE THESE TOWNS WHAT THEY WERE AND WERE THERE
DURING THE FOUNDING OF THEM. >> YOU MENTIONED GREAT PLACES TO
GO TO. I WILL DOUBLE THE WISCONSIN
MARITIME MUSEUM IN MANITOWOC. IT'S A PRETTY AMBITIOUS
ENDEAVOR. FOLKS IN DOOR COUNTY HAVE JUST
MADE A WONDERFUL ADDITION TO THEIR MUSEUM AS WELL.
SO THERE'S LOTS OF GREAT PLACES TO LEARN MORE.
REALLY APPRECIATE. WHEN WE COME BACK LET'S TALK
ABOUT THE CANOE THAT PUT YOU IN THE NEWSPAPER AND REALLY AGAIN
ANOTHER REALLY IMPORTANT STORY FOR WISCONSIN.
BUT WHILE WE TALK AT YOU, PLEASE GO TO THE PHONE AND CALL
1-800-236-3636 WITH YOUR PLEDGE. >> AND WHEN YOU GIVE US A CALL
THIS EVENING, LET US THANK YOU. AGAIN, WE'VE VIEWED THESE GIFTS.
THEY ARE REALLY FANTASTIC FOR YOU OR FOR SOMEONE THAT YOU
THINK WOULD BE INSPIRED TO LEARN MORE ABOUT THIS TOPIC AND THIS
HISTORY. SO FEEL FREE TO GIVE US A CALL
AT 1-800-236-3636 AND PLEDGE YOUR SUPPORT AT ANY LEVEL.
EVERY LEVEL IS IMPORTANT AND MEANINGFUL.
SO YOU CAN CHOOSE ANY OF THESE THANK YOU GIFTS OR YOU CAN
VISIT pbswisconsin.org TO LEARN MORE ABOUT THESE GIFTS AND
TO PLEDGE YOUR SUPPORT AT ANY TIME.
SO 1-800-236-3636 OR pbswisconsin.org.
>> TAMARA, AGAIN, ANOTHER PLACE TO LEARN, I WANT TO REMIND
FOLKS, IS AIMEE HAS SHARED, IS THIS WONDERFUL BOOK FROM THE
WISCONSIN HISTORICAL SOCIETY, NOT ONLY ABOUT SHIPWRECKS, BUT
TAKE YOU THROUGH THAT MARITIME HISTORY, REALLY IMPORTANT TO THE
FOUNDING OF OUR STATE, OF A STATE.
THERE'S ALSO A STORY WHICH FOLKS SAW AT THE BEGINNING OF THIS
DOCUMENTARY. STATEHOOD WAS NOT THE BEGINNING
OF THIS AREA AND NOT THE BEGINNING OF CULTURE AND
ANYTHING. THERE IS 10,000 YEARS OF HUMAN
HABITATION AND YOU HAVE A RECENT DISCOVERY THAT'S GOTTEN A LOT OF
ATTENTION. DO YOU WANT TO DESCRIBE THAT FOR
FOLKS? >> YES.
THIS LAST JUNE I HAD A SATURDAY OFF.
YOU SPEND YOUR SATURDAY UNDERWATER.
SO I GRABBED ONE OF THE GIRLS FROM THE DIVE SHOP AND WE TOOK
DIVER PROPULSION VEHICLES, LIKE SCOOTERS, FAN WITH A BATTERY ON
THEM. WE WERE DOING A LIVE ALONG A
WALL IN LAKE MENDOTA AND WHERE WE STOPPED TO TURN AROUND THERE
WAS THE EXPOSED END OF A DUG-OUT CANOE.
AND IT TURNS OUT THAT IT WAS 1200 YEARS OLD.
WE IT RADIO CARBON DATED. AMAZING.
IT WAS A PRETTY SPECIAL MOMENT. WE WERE ABLE TO BRING IT OUT
THIS NOVEMBER, NOVEMBER 2, AND IT'S NOW UNDERGOING CONSERVATION
AT THE STATE ARCHIVES PRESERVATION FACILITY.
SO WE'RE REALLY EAGER AS YOU LEARN MORE TO REALLY SHARE THAT,
ALSO THAT IMPORTANT PART OF WISCONSIN'S MARITIME HISTORY.
WHEN I MENTIONED THE FUNDERS EARLIER, SAID THANK YOU FOR
JOINING US, THANK YOU FOR THE GREAT WORK ON THIS PROJECT.
WHEN I WENT THROUGH THE FUNDERS I WENT THROUGH QUICKLY ABOUT RON
AND COLLEEN WEYERS. RON PASSED RECENTLY.
AND IN SUPPORT OF THIS PROJECT, I DO WANT TO THANK THE FAMILY.
RON HAD SUCH A PASSION FOR LEARNING.
A LOT OF THEIR PHILANTHROPIC RESULT IS SEEN AT HERITAGE HILL.
I DIDN'T WANT TO PASS WITHOUT MENTIONING ALL OF OUR DONORS,
THEIR ENTHUSIASM FOR LEARNING, FOR GREAT THINGS IN THEIR
COMMUNITY. SO I KNOW THAT FOLKS ARE CALLING
RIGHT NOW AND SUPPORTING THAT. YOU ALSO DO GREAT THINGS IN THE
COMMUNITY. AND MANY, MANY SUPPORT THE
WISCONSIN HISTORICAL SOCIETY, ONE OF THE BEST HISTORY
ORGANIZATIONS IN THE COUNTRY. SO WE WANT TO THANK YOU, TAMARA.
♪ ♪
[birds calling, waves crashing voices in background]
- Male Announcer: Funding forShipwrecks!
is provided by
the David L. and Rita E. Nelson Family Fund
within the Community Foundation for the Fox Valley Region,
the Dwight and Linda Davis Foundation
Dr. Henry Anderson and Shirley Levine,
Robert J. Lenz,
A. Paul Jones Charitable Trust,
City of Sheboygan,
Elizabeth Parker,
Sharon and Tim Thousand,
the Ruth St.John and John Dunham West Foundation,
Ron and Colleen Weyers,
Wisconsin Coastal Management Program,
and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
John J. Frautschi Family Foundation,
Trust Point,
Focus Fund for Wisconsin Programs
supported in part
by the National Endowment for the Humanities,
and Friends of PBS Wisconsin.