00:00:00:00 00:00:01:19 >> We all think we know 00:00:01:19 00:00:03:06 what government is. 00:00:03:06 00:00:04:07 >> How it works 00:00:04:07 00:00:05:19 and what it does. 00:00:05:19 00:00:07:14 >> But what is it really? 00:00:07:14 00:00:08:21 What do we mean 00:00:08:21 00:00:09:27 by "government"? 00:00:09:27 00:00:11:21 >> Is it this? 00:00:11:21 00:00:13:04 >> Or this? 00:00:13:04 00:00:14:01 >> Are these people 00:00:14:01 00:00:15:09 the government? 00:00:15:09 00:00:16:20 >> Are you? 00:00:16:20 00:00:17:16 >> These are just some 00:00:17:16 00:00:18:18 of the questions we'll try 00:00:18:18 00:00:19:26 to answer for you today. 00:00:19:26 00:00:22:05 >> On Engage. 00:00:29:16 00:00:30:26 >> Hi, I'm Zach. 00:00:30:26 00:00:32:05 >> And my name's Paloma. 00:00:32:05 00:00:33:04 People go fishing, 00:00:33:04 00:00:34:07 not only for what they catch, 00:00:34:07 00:00:35:15 but also just to relax. 00:00:35:15 00:00:36:16 >> Yeah, and everybody likes 00:00:36:16 00:00:37:22 a good fish story. 00:00:37:22 00:00:38:24 But what happens when you're not 00:00:38:24 00:00:39:29 allowed to fish, even if it's 00:00:39:29 00:00:42:02 just to feed your own family? 00:00:42:02 00:00:43:01 >> Many years ago, 00:00:43:01 00:00:44:05 the US government signed 00:00:44:05 00:00:45:08 treaties with the Wisconsin 00:00:45:08 00:00:46:23 Ojibwe tribes, which guaranteed 00:00:46:23 00:00:48:04 their rights to hunt, fish 00:00:48:04 00:00:49:07 and gather on the lands 00:00:49:07 00:00:50:18 that they sold. 00:00:50:18 00:00:51:19 >> As time went by, the state 00:00:51:19 00:00:53:07 government ignored these rights, 00:00:53:07 00:00:54:12 and tribal members were fined or 00:00:54:12 00:00:55:23 arrested for simply doing what 00:00:55:23 00:00:57:20 these treaties had guaranteed. 00:00:57:20 00:00:58:16 >> Then, two brothers 00:00:58:16 00:00:59:14 did some research 00:00:59:14 00:01:00:28 and decided enough was enough. 00:01:00:28 00:01:02:05 They went fishing and ended up 00:01:02:05 00:01:04:18 with a very big catch. 00:01:07:29 00:01:10:03 >> The lifestyle at the time 00:01:10:03 00:01:11:24 was a hunter gatherer lifestyle. 00:01:11:24 00:01:13:21 And the hunter gatherer 00:01:13:21 00:01:15:28 lifestyle could not be sustained 00:01:15:28 00:01:17:21 within just the reservation 00:01:17:21 00:01:19:18 boundaries themselves. 00:01:19:18 00:01:20:25 The Chippewas knew this. 00:01:20:25 00:01:22:15 And as a part of the negotiation 00:01:22:15 00:01:25:00 of the treaty, they reserved 00:01:25:00 00:01:27:02 the right to continue hunting, 00:01:27:02 00:01:28:14 fishing and gathering 00:01:28:14 00:01:29:24 in the broader territory, 00:01:29:24 00:01:31:25 or in the ceded territory. 00:01:31:25 00:01:34:13 They were rights that existed in 00:01:34:13 00:01:37:07 their ownership of that property 00:01:37:07 00:01:38:11 before they sold it 00:01:38:11 00:01:39:24 to the United States. 00:01:39:24 00:01:41:01 And when they sold it, 00:01:41:01 00:01:42:11 or ceded those lands 00:01:42:11 00:01:43:25 to the United States, 00:01:43:25 00:01:45:26 they reserved to themselves that 00:01:45:26 00:01:48:11 piece of the property right, 00:01:48:11 00:01:50:04 to continue to hunt, fish 00:01:50:04 00:01:52:09 and gather on those lands. 00:01:52:09 00:01:54:09 >> That, not only was necessary 00:01:54:09 00:01:56:02 for day to day survival 00:01:56:02 00:01:57:21 when the treaties were signed, 00:01:57:21 00:01:59:10 but over time, 00:01:59:10 00:02:00:22 as Indian reservations 00:02:00:22 00:02:02:07 generally are enforced 00:02:02:07 00:02:03:19 in parts of the state, it was 00:02:03:19 00:02:05:09 needed in order to continue 00:02:05:09 00:02:07:19 to have people survive. 00:02:07:19 00:02:09:26 And I mean literally survive. 00:02:09:26 00:02:11:21 >> For many of the people, it 00:02:11:21 00:02:13:14 isn't about hunting or fishing 00:02:13:14 00:02:16:05 for sport, it's actually hunting 00:02:16:05 00:02:18:22 and fishing for subsistence. 00:02:18:22 00:02:20:03 >> We don't hunt 00:02:20:03 00:02:21:20 for the purpose of just hunting. 00:02:21:20 00:02:24:05 We hunt because we were taught 00:02:24:05 00:02:26:18 to go out and get food 00:02:26:18 00:02:27:22 and bring it home 00:02:27:22 00:02:32:23 and put it on the table. 00:02:32:23 00:02:34:13 >> So, the states are Wisconsin, 00:02:34:13 00:02:36:15 Michigan and Minnesota. 00:02:36:15 00:02:37:17 That's related 00:02:37:17 00:02:39:04 to conservation departments 00:02:39:04 00:02:41:14 that we know as the DNR today. 00:02:41:14 00:02:42:24 They more or less assumed 00:02:42:24 00:02:45:07 that the states had primary 00:02:45:07 00:02:47:10 jurisdiction there. 00:02:47:10 00:02:48:17 >> And just decided 00:02:48:17 00:02:50:26 that they were going to go ahead 00:02:50:26 00:02:52:17 and illegally enforce state laws 00:02:52:17 00:02:55:09 against tribal members. 00:02:55:09 00:02:56:17 That did last for probably 00:02:56:17 00:02:58:29 50 to 75 years. 00:02:58:29 00:03:00:09 That didn't stop individual 00:03:00:09 00:03:01:11 Indian people 00:03:01:11 00:03:04:02 from exercising their rights. 00:03:04:02 00:03:05:29 They just developed ways and 00:03:05:29 00:03:08:14 means by which to avoid capture, 00:03:08:14 00:03:10:11 I guess, or avoid citation 00:03:10:11 00:03:12:00 by the state. 00:03:12:00 00:03:13:09 >> We didn't have lawyers. 00:03:13:09 00:03:14:11 We didn't have money 00:03:14:11 00:03:15:13 for lawyers. 00:03:15:13 00:03:16:28 We didn't have the resources 00:03:16:28 00:03:19:04 to fight things. 00:03:19:04 00:03:20:05 >> My grandma used to get mad 00:03:20:05 00:03:21:11 at them, because one time 00:03:21:11 00:03:22:18 they came into her house and 00:03:22:18 00:03:24:10 they opened up her refrigerator 00:03:24:10 00:03:25:27 and they took all the deer meat 00:03:25:27 00:03:27:21 out of her refrigerator. 00:03:27:21 00:03:29:18 They arrested my dad. 00:03:29:18 00:03:30:24 >> Many tribal members were 00:03:30:24 00:03:34:09 jailed, arrested repeatedly. 00:03:34:09 00:03:36:04 Tribal members were shot. 00:03:36:04 00:03:38:01 Joe White, a tribal member, 00:03:38:01 00:03:40:07 was killed by a game warden. 00:03:40:07 00:03:41:19 The game warden was acquitted 00:03:41:19 00:03:44:10 in Rice Lake in court there. 00:03:44:10 00:03:45:24 But we always maintained 00:03:45:24 00:03:47:07 and knew that we had reserved 00:03:47:07 00:03:48:11 treaty rights. 00:03:48:11 00:03:49:14 The elders have always 00:03:49:14 00:03:50:13 passed that on. 00:03:50:13 00:03:51:16 My grandma always told me that, 00:03:51:16 00:03:53:29 as well. 00:03:53:29 00:03:55:07 >> The Tribble brothers, 00:03:55:07 00:03:56:21 I think, are a good example of 00:03:56:21 00:03:58:28 those folks in the '60s and '70s 00:03:58:28 00:04:01:12 who decided that, you know, 00:04:01:12 00:04:03:17 now is the time 00:04:03:17 00:04:06:12 to present a legal challenge. 00:04:06:12 00:04:10:11 >> We were young guys then. 00:04:10:11 00:04:12:03 We had a tribal member named 00:04:12:03 00:04:13:26 John Anderson, who was 00:04:13:26 00:04:15:09 pushing for higher education 00:04:15:09 00:04:16:25 for Native Americans. 00:04:16:25 00:04:18:23 He recruited us to go to school. 00:04:18:23 00:04:19:28 I picked a college 00:04:19:28 00:04:21:27 in Duluth, Minnesota. 00:04:21:27 00:04:23:04 He introduced 00:04:23:04 00:04:25:25 an Indian Law course. 00:04:25:25 00:04:27:17 And that Indian Law course, the 00:04:27:17 00:04:30:16 instructor was Larry Levinthal, 00:04:30:16 00:04:32:15 an attorney out of Minneapolis. 00:04:32:15 00:04:33:14 >> He looked around 00:04:33:14 00:04:34:19 the audience, 00:04:34:19 00:04:36:00 as Larry tells the story, and 00:04:36:00 00:04:37:08 he said, "How many of you here 00:04:37:08 00:04:39:25 are Wisconsin Ojibwe?" 00:04:39:25 00:04:41:10 And a few raised their hands. 00:04:41:10 00:04:43:28 He said, "Gee, it's a shame..." 00:04:43:28 00:04:46:06 You know, that the Wisconsin 00:04:46:06 00:04:49:01 Chippewa tribes haven't taken 00:04:49:01 00:04:52:08 a stand on this reserved rights 00:04:52:08 00:04:55:11 Article in the Treaty of 1937. 00:04:55:11 00:04:57:25 >> That said they retained 00:04:57:25 00:04:59:02 the right to hunt, fish 00:04:59:02 00:05:03:07 and gather on ceded territories. 00:05:03:07 00:05:04:18 >> We drove back and forth. 00:05:04:18 00:05:05:28 We would talk about this. 00:05:05:28 00:05:07:16 We'd say, how come we have to 00:05:07:16 00:05:08:24 just hunt on reservations? 00:05:08:24 00:05:10:26 Why is it that we can't go off? 00:05:10:26 00:05:12:02 And here, the treaty rights 00:05:12:02 00:05:13:15 give us the right to go off. 00:05:13:15 00:05:14:16 One day after class, 00:05:14:16 00:05:15:20 we caught him in the hallway, 00:05:15:20 00:05:17:02 Larry Levinthal. 00:05:17:02 00:05:18:19 We said, "Hey, Larry, is this 00:05:18:19 00:05:20:12 what we think this means? 00:05:20:12 00:05:21:16 We can go off the reservation 00:05:21:16 00:05:23:02 to hunt, fish and trap?" 00:05:23:02 00:05:24:09 And he said, "Yeah." 00:05:24:09 00:05:25:29 "But we can't." 00:05:25:29 00:05:27:17 "What are we going to do?" 00:05:27:17 00:05:28:23 He said, "Well, you have to have 00:05:28:23 00:05:29:28 a test case." 00:05:29:28 00:05:31:18 "Oh, yeah? 00:05:31:18 00:05:33:02 What's a test case? 00:05:33:02 00:05:34:19 What do we have to do?" 00:05:34:19 00:05:35:24 He said, "Well, you have to 00:05:35:24 00:05:37:20 go out and get arrested." 00:05:37:20 00:05:38:21 So then, we said, "Well, 00:05:38:21 00:05:39:23 we're going to do the test case. 00:05:39:23 00:05:40:28 We're going to do it." 00:05:40:28 00:05:42:08 Mike and I planned to go out. 00:05:42:08 00:05:44:08 It was in the spring of 1974. 00:05:44:08 00:05:45:14 We were going to go out and, 00:05:45:14 00:05:47:27 you know, get arrested. 00:05:47:27 00:05:49:03 >> We got arrested 00:05:49:03 00:05:50:20 on Chief Lake. 00:05:50:20 00:05:51:25 And on Chief Lake, there's an 00:05:51:25 00:05:53:05 imaginary line that goes 00:05:53:05 00:05:54:06 down the middle of the lake. 00:05:54:06 00:05:55:25 One side is the reservation. 00:05:55:25 00:05:58:07 The other side is off the res. 00:05:58:07 00:05:59:25 >> Every day, when we fished, 00:05:59:25 00:06:01:16 an airplane flew over. 00:06:01:16 00:06:02:26 And we knew that was the state 00:06:02:26 00:06:04:03 game wardens flying over to 00:06:04:03 00:06:05:11 make sure all the fish shacks 00:06:05:11 00:06:06:14 were inside the boundaries of 00:06:06:14 00:06:09:03 the reservation on Chief Lake. 00:06:09:03 00:06:10:09 So I told Mike, I said, "Well, 00:06:10:09 00:06:12:10 we'll wait till they fly over 00:06:12:10 00:06:14:04 and we'll move a fish shack 00:06:14:04 00:06:17:06 over to off the reservation." 00:06:17:06 00:06:19:05 So, the next morning, after we 00:06:19:05 00:06:20:19 moved the fish shack over there, 00:06:20:19 00:06:21:23 we got up real early 00:06:21:23 00:06:23:19 and got out there at dawn. 00:06:23:19 00:06:25:03 Before we could do anything, 00:06:25:03 00:06:27:24 here comes the game wardens 00:06:27:24 00:06:30:07 across the ice. 00:06:30:07 00:06:31:06 I had a copy of the treaty 00:06:31:06 00:06:32:17 rights in my back pocket. 00:06:32:17 00:06:33:22 I took it out and I showed it 00:06:33:22 00:06:34:28 to him. 00:06:34:28 00:06:36:06 I said, "We're not illegal here. 00:06:36:06 00:06:37:07 We're exercising 00:06:37:07 00:06:38:25 our treaty rights." 00:06:38:25 00:06:40:07 Well, that didn't matter. 00:06:40:07 00:06:42:14 They still gave us a citation. 00:06:42:14 00:06:43:18 So, we went to court, 00:06:43:18 00:06:44:21 got found guilty. 00:06:44:21 00:06:46:10 We were fined. 00:06:46:10 00:06:47:22 The fine was stayed, 00:06:47:22 00:06:50:07 pending appeal. 00:06:53:01 00:06:54:25 >> They brought their case up 00:06:54:25 00:06:56:13 through all the different levels 00:06:56:13 00:06:57:18 of the court, and all the other 00:06:57:18 00:06:59:08 Wisconsin Chippewa Bands 00:06:59:08 00:07:01:14 joined in. 00:07:01:14 00:07:03:04 >> The District Court originally 00:07:03:04 00:07:04:29 said the rights do not exist. 00:07:04:29 00:07:06:23 The Appeals Court came back 00:07:06:23 00:07:08:17 in January, 1983, and said that 00:07:08:17 00:07:10:19 the District Court was wrong. 00:07:10:19 00:07:11:22 They do exist. 00:07:11:22 00:07:12:29 We affirm the existence 00:07:12:29 00:07:14:05 of the rights. 00:07:14:05 00:07:15:22 >> The state of Wisconsin sought 00:07:15:22 00:07:18:19 review in the US Supreme Court. 00:07:18:19 00:07:19:17 The Supreme Court 00:07:19:17 00:07:20:23 refused to hear it. 00:07:20:23 00:07:22:00 When they declined, 00:07:22:00 00:07:23:14 the appellant decision stays 00:07:23:14 00:07:24:21 in effect. 00:07:24:21 00:07:25:27 And the one here 00:07:25:27 00:07:27:07 is the 7th Circuit saying 00:07:27:07 00:07:29:15 this right still exists. 00:07:29:15 00:07:30:16 >> When I received 00:07:30:16 00:07:31:25 the phone call, I received 00:07:31:25 00:07:33:00 the first phone call from 00:07:33:00 00:07:34:11 the Attorney General's office. 00:07:34:11 00:07:35:23 It was a shock. 00:07:35:23 00:07:37:01 >> None of the other Wisconsin 00:07:37:01 00:07:38:03 tribes were paying attention 00:07:38:03 00:07:39:01 to it. 00:07:39:01 00:07:40:04 You know, maybe something good 00:07:40:04 00:07:41:18 will come of it, maybe not. 00:07:41:18 00:07:43:02 >> So, it was a surprise 00:07:43:02 00:07:44:11 to the agency. 00:07:44:11 00:07:45:15 It was going to have 00:07:45:15 00:07:46:22 a tremendous impact 00:07:46:22 00:07:47:25 on operations, and 00:07:47:25 00:07:50:20 potentially natural resources. 00:07:53:03 00:07:54:06 >> So it was like, okay, 00:07:54:06 00:07:56:10 now that we've won the case, 00:07:56:10 00:07:58:09 that these rights are reaffirmed 00:07:58:09 00:08:00:07 and they do exist, 00:08:00:07 00:08:02:04 what do we do next? 00:08:02:04 00:08:04:25 >> I recall the tribal leaders 00:08:04:25 00:08:08:05 scrambling to study the treaty, 00:08:08:05 00:08:12:00 and to sit with the attorneys, 00:08:12:00 00:08:13:21 and understand what the 00:08:13:21 00:08:15:25 full impact of this might be. 00:08:15:25 00:08:17:14 >> And so, the Appeals Court 00:08:17:14 00:08:19:00 sent it back down to the 00:08:19:00 00:08:20:11 District Court and said, figure 00:08:20:11 00:08:22:00 out the scope of the right, 00:08:22:00 00:08:23:08 and figure out who regulates 00:08:23:08 00:08:24:15 the right. 00:08:24:15 00:08:26:05 >> We didn't know, at that time, 00:08:26:05 00:08:27:24 if Judge Doyle would be 00:08:27:24 00:08:29:12 favorable to us, or if this 00:08:29:12 00:08:31:09 would be a difficult process. 00:08:31:09 00:08:32:18 Clearly, it involved 00:08:32:18 00:08:35:01 a step-by-step negotiation. 00:08:35:01 00:08:36:10 >> One of the challenges that 00:08:36:10 00:08:37:22 tribal leadership identified 00:08:37:22 00:08:39:00 to me was that, you know, 00:08:39:00 00:08:40:11 how are we going to work with 00:08:40:11 00:08:41:15 the state when we don't have 00:08:41:15 00:08:43:05 any relationship with them. 00:08:43:05 00:08:44:18 >> The Secretary at the time 00:08:44:18 00:08:45:26 asked me to take the lead 00:08:45:26 00:08:48:08 in the tribal negotiations. 00:08:48:08 00:08:50:12 >> I recall that in those times, 00:08:50:12 00:08:51:20 our tribal leaders 00:08:51:20 00:08:53:14 were angry with the DNR. 00:08:53:14 00:08:54:25 And the DNR 00:08:54:25 00:08:56:27 was clearly our enemy. 00:08:56:27 00:08:58:05 >> There were a lot of details 00:08:58:05 00:08:59:05 that needed to be fleshed out. 00:08:59:05 00:09:00:20 What were the rights? 00:09:00:20 00:09:01:27 How would they be exercised 00:09:01:27 00:09:03:18 and regulated? 00:09:03:18 00:09:05:02 In the meantime, 00:09:05:02 00:09:06:07 the tribes had the right 00:09:06:07 00:09:08:15 to implement those rights. 00:09:10:03 00:09:11:26 >> I come from --, which is 00:09:11:26 00:09:13:07 known in our language 00:09:13:07 00:09:15:18 as Lac du Flambeau. 00:09:15:18 00:09:16:25 They mean the same. 00:09:16:25 00:09:18:26 They mean the Lake of Torches. 00:09:18:26 00:09:20:07 I believe, back in the 00:09:20:07 00:09:21:26 16th century, when the French 00:09:21:26 00:09:24:08 Fur Traders came and they seen 00:09:24:08 00:09:27:10 my people, the Ojibwe people, 00:09:27:10 00:09:29:01 out there spearing 00:09:29:01 00:09:31:10 by torch light. 00:09:31:10 00:09:33:12 When treaty rights came about, 00:09:33:12 00:09:34:19 we were very aggressive 00:09:34:19 00:09:37:01 fishermen. 00:09:37:01 00:09:38:18 And Lac du Flambeau got a lot 00:09:38:18 00:09:40:23 of fish during that time. 00:09:40:23 00:09:42:00 And it really ticked a lot 00:09:42:00 00:09:43:21 of people off. 00:09:43:21 00:09:44:28 (whistles blaring) 00:09:44:28 00:09:46:25 (indistinct yelling) 00:09:46:25 00:09:48:08 >> What happened on the landings 00:09:48:08 00:09:49:23 is that individuals decided 00:09:49:23 00:09:51:05 that this could not 00:09:51:05 00:09:52:25 possibly be correct. 00:09:52:25 00:09:55:05 Indians needed to be stopped 00:09:55:05 00:09:56:28 from harvesting fish, 00:09:56:28 00:09:58:10 particularly walleye, 00:09:58:10 00:10:01:03 particularly with spears. 00:10:01:03 00:10:02:22 >> As American citizens, we 00:10:02:22 00:10:04:19 were brought up with the idea 00:10:04:19 00:10:05:24 that everyone is equal 00:10:05:24 00:10:07:16 under the law. 00:10:07:16 00:10:10:04 And we had the job of educating 00:10:10:04 00:10:12:09 people about the fact that there 00:10:12:09 00:10:14:03 are other sovereign nations that 00:10:14:03 00:10:15:22 live amongst us, who in fact, 00:10:15:22 00:10:18:02 own this whole country we have, 00:10:18:02 00:10:20:01 and retain that sovereignty. 00:10:20:01 00:10:21:20 So there was a separate set 00:10:21:20 00:10:23:12 of laws. 00:10:23:12 00:10:24:20 And that was protected 00:10:24:20 00:10:25:26 by the federal law 00:10:25:26 00:10:28:21 and the US Constitution. 00:10:28:21 00:10:31:03 >> The people who were involved 00:10:31:03 00:10:32:22 representing the state 00:10:32:22 00:10:33:29 and representing the tribes 00:10:33:29 00:10:36:10 sort of decided to put the 00:10:36:10 00:10:38:07 images that were being displayed 00:10:38:07 00:10:40:12 every spring out of their mind 00:10:40:12 00:10:42:09 and just follow through on 00:10:42:09 00:10:44:21 the task they had before them, 00:10:44:21 00:10:46:09 which is, how do we decide, 00:10:46:09 00:10:47:29 you know, what these harvests 00:10:47:29 00:10:49:11 are going to be. 00:10:49:11 00:10:51:17 They were able to overcome, 00:10:51:17 00:10:53:06 because they were both in this 00:10:53:06 00:10:55:07 sort of baptism of fire, in the 00:10:55:07 00:10:57:24 creation of this relationship 00:10:57:24 00:11:01:02 that they didn't have before. 00:11:01:02 00:11:02:20 >> In 1990, a federal judge 00:11:02:20 00:11:04:06 ruled that the tribes and 00:11:04:06 00:11:05:25 non-Indians would equally share 00:11:05:25 00:11:07:25 the harvest of resources, 00:11:07:25 00:11:09:09 which eased some of the tensions 00:11:09:09 00:11:12:00 in the north woods. 00:11:12:00 00:11:13:17 The next year, a study called 00:11:13:17 00:11:15:13 Casting Light Upon the Waters 00:11:15:13 00:11:17:01 revealed that Ojibwe 00:11:17:01 00:11:18:12 spear fishing did not harm 00:11:18:12 00:11:20:17 the resource, and that fish 00:11:20:17 00:11:23:08 populations remained healthy. 00:11:23:08 00:11:24:24 To monitor and protect 00:11:24:24 00:11:26:12 the health of fish, and other 00:11:26:12 00:11:28:14 resources, the Ojibwe tribes 00:11:28:14 00:11:30:03 banded together to form 00:11:30:03 00:11:32:01 the Great Lakes Indian Fish 00:11:32:01 00:11:34:10 and Wildlife Commission. 00:11:34:10 00:11:36:06 >> It actually operates 00:11:36:06 00:11:37:11 as the tribes' sort of DNR. 00:11:37:11 00:11:40:29 That's how it came to be. 00:11:40:29 00:11:42:19 We started out with just your 00:11:42:19 00:11:44:03 fish biologists, your wildlife 00:11:44:03 00:11:46:23 biologists and enforcement. 00:11:46:23 00:11:48:15 We had wardens here and there. 00:11:48:15 00:11:50:19 Bare bones budget. 00:11:50:19 00:11:52:12 But now, after all these years, 00:11:52:12 00:11:54:14 we have sound science. 00:11:54:14 00:11:56:28 We count and measure, 00:11:56:28 00:11:58:14 and sex and age, 00:11:58:14 00:12:00:22 all the fish that we catch. 00:12:00:22 00:12:02:11 We have absolute numbers 00:12:02:11 00:12:03:17 and the best science 00:12:03:17 00:12:05:16 of any resource you can have. 00:12:05:16 00:12:07:11 >> The disturbances 00:12:07:11 00:12:08:24 of northern Wisconsin 00:12:08:24 00:12:11:20 are long gone and forgotten. 00:12:11:20 00:12:12:28 That's good for the state 00:12:12:28 00:12:14:19 of Wisconsin. 00:12:14:19 00:12:16:04 >> So, things today with the DNR 00:12:16:04 00:12:17:13 are a lot different 00:12:17:13 00:12:19:20 than they were back then. 00:12:19:20 00:12:20:29 The bottom line is, 00:12:20:29 00:12:23:02 we're here for the resource. 00:12:23:02 00:12:25:12 And once we figured that out, 00:12:25:12 00:12:28:02 and partnered up, instead of 00:12:28:02 00:12:29:25 spending money on lawyers, 00:12:29:25 00:12:30:27 you're putting it 00:12:30:27 00:12:33:07 into the resource. 00:12:39:21 00:12:40:23 >> For more information, 00:12:40:23 00:12:42:04 visit us on the Web at: 00:12:42:04 00:12:45:27 ecb.org/engage