00:00:00:00	00:17:22:00	Oh you know I got through Okay
00:17:22:00	00:17:22:00	.
00:17:22:00	00:17:22:00	Welcome everyone.
00:17:22:00	00:17:26:00	Thank you for being here at
00:17:26:00	00:17:27:00	the seminar.
00:17:27:00	00:17:29:00	Before we get started I have a
00:17:29:00	00:17:32:00	few announcements to make If
00:17:32:00	00:17:33:00	you've already been in a
00:17:33:00	00:17:34:00	seminar this morning.
00:17:34:00	00:17:35:00	You'll have already heard these
00:17:35:00	00:17:36:00	.
00:17:36:00	00:17:40:00	But in case of an emergency I
00:17:40:00	00:17:41:00	want to start off a talk.
00:17:41:00	00:17:44:00	>> Please exit Quickly and
00:17:44:00	00:17:45:00	calmly through the front or
00:17:45:00	00:17:47:00	the rear doors Where you came
00:17:47:00	00:17:51:00	in and immediately go Outside.
00:17:51:00	00:17:54:00	And please turn off all of
00:17:54:00	00:17:55:00	Those pesky cell phones, other
00:17:55:00	00:17:58:00	electronic Devices if you
00:17:58:00	00:17:58:00	could.
00:17:58:00	00:18:01:00	>> And then if you did Did not
00:18:01:00	00:18:02:00	pick up any evaluation when you
00:18:02:00	00:18:05:00	came in, please raise your
00:18:05:00	00:18:06:00	hands and someone will be
00:18:06:00	00:18:09:00	around to to bring You one and
00:18:09:00	00:18:10:00	then those completed
00:18:10:00	00:18:13:00	evaluations Can be placed in
00:18:13:00	00:18:14:00	the bin at the back of the room
00:18:14:00	00:18:16:00	after The seminar.
00:18:16:00	00:18:23:00	Thank you and enjoy the seminar
00:18:23:00	00:18:23:00	.
00:18:23:00	00:18:24:00	>> All right.
00:18:24:00	00:18:27:00	>> Thank you very much again
00:18:27:00	00:18:28:00	For coming to the seminar.
00:18:28:00	00:18:29:00	It's it's a really it's an
00:18:29:00	00:18:32:00	honor To be back at the Garden
00:18:32:00	00:18:34:00	and Landscape Expo in front Of
00:18:34:00	00:18:35:00	lots of other earthworm
00:18:35:00	00:18:35:00	enthusiasts.
00:18:35:00	00:18:43:00	And So today we can be talking
00:18:43:00	00:18:45:00	about everyone's Favorite topic
00:18:45:00	00:18:46:00	invasive jumping worms.
00:18:46:00	00:18:46:00	And I'm guessing since you're
00:18:46:00	00:18:49:00	at this session You've either
00:18:49:00	00:18:50:00	heard of them, you talk to
00:18:50:00	00:18:54:00	neighbors Might have them you
00:18:54:00	00:18:54:00	might have them in your
00:18:54:00	00:18:54:00	gardens.
00:18:54:00	00:18:57:00	So We're going to talk a little
00:18:57:00	00:18:58:00	bit about kind of what
00:18:58:00	00:19:00:00	earthworms Are.
00:19:00:00	00:19:01:00	Talk about some basic biology
00:19:01:00	00:19:04:00	and ecology about them And how
00:19:04:00	00:19:08:00	they can transform
00:19:08:00	00:19:09:00	The environment, especially
00:19:09:00	00:19:11:00	the soil landscape.
00:19:11:00	00:19:12:00	>> We're going to dove into how
00:19:12:00	00:19:13:00	to identify them which is
00:19:13:00	00:19:16:00	always Kind of a barrier to
00:19:16:00	00:19:19:00	understanding Different
00:19:19:00	00:19:20:00	earthworms but also these new
00:19:20:00	00:19:23:00	jumping worms And then spend
00:19:23:00	00:19:23:00	most of time talking about
00:19:23:00	00:19:27:00	these Asian Jumping worms that
00:19:27:00	00:19:30:00	are relatively recent invaders
00:19:30:00	00:19:33:00	To to the Midwest and again So
00:19:33:00	00:19:35:00	my name is Brad Herrick and I'm
00:19:35:00	00:19:38:00	ecologist At the arboretum here
00:19:38:00	00:19:38:00	in Madison.
00:19:38:00	00:19:41:00	And I've been working With
00:19:41:00	00:19:42:00	these earthworms for about
00:19:42:00	00:19:45:00	seven years now since They were
00:19:45:00	00:19:45:00	first reported at the arboretum
00:19:45:00	00:19:48:00	which was the first Confirmed
00:19:48:00	00:19:49:00	case in in Wisconsin.
00:19:49:00	00:19:53:00	>> So let's dove into some
00:19:53:00	00:19:53:00	background.
00:19:53:00	00:19:54:00	>> This would be a crash course
00:19:54:00	00:19:56:00	in Earthworm biology earthworms
00:19:56:00	00:20:00:00	as Most people I know they they
00:20:00:00	00:20:01:00	live in the soil or within
00:20:01:00	00:20:03:00	the litter And they feed on
00:20:03:00	00:20:06:00	organic matter either Organic
00:20:06:00	00:20:08:00	matter that's in the soil or
00:20:08:00	00:20:11:00	organic In the form of leaf
00:20:11:00	00:20:11:00	litter.
00:20:11:00	00:20:14:00	Usually They are promiscuous.
00:20:14:00	00:20:17:00	They are polygamists
00:20:17:00	00:20:18:00	Hermaphrodite.
00:20:18:00	00:20:19:00	And often in the case of
00:20:19:00	00:20:22:00	jumping Worms they are
00:20:22:00	00:20:22:00	parthenogenesis meaning that
00:20:22:00	00:20:24:00	they don't need a mate to
00:20:24:00	00:20:25:00	Reproduce.
00:20:25:00	00:20:28:00	So in theory if you have one
00:20:28:00	00:20:29:00	Mature adult jumping worm you
00:20:29:00	00:20:33:00	could have a population Soon
00:20:33:00	00:20:33:00	because they don't need a mate
00:20:33:00	00:20:36:00	to reproduce and produce
00:20:36:00	00:20:36:00	Cocoons.
00:20:36:00	00:20:37:00	So a lot of grumbling.
00:20:37:00	00:20:40:00	I know That's why they're such
00:20:40:00	00:20:40:00	good invaders.
00:20:40:00	00:20:41:00	>> Okay.
00:20:41:00	00:20:43:00	So There's different types of
00:20:43:00	00:20:44:00	earthworms and we divide them
00:20:44:00	00:20:47:00	into different Functional
00:20:47:00	00:20:47:00	groups basically based on where
00:20:47:00	00:20:50:00	they live And feed in the soil
00:20:50:00	00:20:51:00	soil horizon.
00:20:51:00	00:20:54:00	So the First group are what are
00:20:54:00	00:20:55:00	called epigenetic and these are
00:20:55:00	00:20:58:00	earthworms Really spend most of
00:20:58:00	00:20:59:00	your time above the soil in
00:20:59:00	00:21:02:00	the literal layer.
00:21:02:00	00:21:02:00	>> Okay.
00:21:02:00	00:21:03:00	And that's predominantly what
00:21:03:00	00:21:05:00	jumping worms are at least
00:21:05:00	00:21:06:00	The ones that we're that we
00:21:06:00	00:21:06:00	have in in Wisconsin.
00:21:06:00	00:21:09:00	So and on one hand that's a
00:21:09:00	00:21:12:00	good thing because They're easy
00:21:12:00	00:21:13:00	to find especially in
00:21:13:00	00:21:16:00	the middle of The summer during
00:21:16:00	00:21:17:00	the growing season they're
00:21:17:00	00:21:19:00	gonna spend most their Time in
00:21:19:00	00:21:20:00	that in that little layer then
00:21:20:00	00:21:21:00	they're sort of this
00:21:21:00	00:21:23:00	intermediate Group called
00:21:23:00	00:21:27:00	Energy that are usually In
00:21:27:00	00:21:28:00	the soil but just in the top
00:21:28:00	00:21:31:00	few inches maybe Of the top
00:21:31:00	00:21:34:00	soil and then there's These
00:21:34:00	00:21:35:00	deeper ones called a necessity.
00:21:35:00	00:21:38:00	>> And these are a good Example
00:21:38:00	00:21:39:00	of these are the common
00:21:39:00	00:21:39:00	nightcrawler that we're all
00:21:39:00	00:21:39:00	familiar with.
00:21:39:00	00:21:42:00	These Fishing bait, those guys
00:21:42:00	00:21:45:00	go really deep into the soil
00:21:45:00	00:21:46:00	And they actually can over
00:21:46:00	00:21:46:00	winter under the frost line so
00:21:46:00	00:21:49:00	they can They can survive our
00:21:49:00	00:21:53:00	winters as adults.
00:21:53:00	00:21:54:00	>> So I mentioned jumping worms
00:21:54:00	00:21:56:00	are primarily Litter that are
00:21:56:00	00:22:01:00	habitat that Can also span to
00:22:01:00	00:22:01:00	go into more intermediate.
00:22:01:00	00:22:04:00	>> So we Refer to jumping worms
00:22:04:00	00:22:07:00	as EP or EPI and dodgy They
00:22:07:00	00:22:08:00	kind of span that little
00:22:08:00	00:22:11:00	horizon from the very upper
00:22:11:00	00:22:11:00	Soil to the litter.
00:22:11:00	00:22:13:00	So that's where you're going to
00:22:13:00	00:22:15:00	find find these guys.
00:22:15:00	00:22:18:00	So there has been a lot of work
00:22:18:00	00:22:19:00	Done, a lot of research done on
00:22:19:00	00:22:22:00	European earthworms Which is
00:22:22:00	00:22:23:00	what the common nightcrawler is
00:22:23:00	00:22:27:00	and What and how they can
00:22:27:00	00:22:27:00	change their environment
00:22:27:00	00:22:30:00	specially In forests.
00:22:30:00	00:22:31:00	>> One thing to mention before
00:22:31:00	00:22:34:00	I go To my father is that all
00:22:34:00	00:22:35:00	earthworms in Wisconsin are
00:22:35:00	00:22:37:00	considered Non-native.
00:22:37:00	00:22:38:00	There are no native earthworms
00:22:38:00	00:22:42:00	to any Glaciation parts of
00:22:42:00	00:22:44:00	North America.
00:22:44:00	00:22:45:00	So the Nightcrawler.
00:22:45:00	00:22:49:00	These Invasive jumping worms
00:22:49:00	00:22:49:00	they're all from either Europe
00:22:49:00	00:22:52:00	parts Of Asia.
00:22:52:00	00:22:53:00	We have some from New Zealand
00:22:53:00	00:22:55:00	called yellowtail earthworms
00:22:55:00	00:22:56:00	But they're ubiquitous now.
00:22:56:00	00:22:59:00	They're the sort of quote
00:22:59:00	00:23:00:00	Unquote naturalised or they're
00:23:00:00	00:23:00:00	everywhere.
00:23:00:00	00:23:03:00	But They do have impacts.
00:23:03:00	00:23:04:00	They have different impacts to
00:23:04:00	00:23:07:00	our garden System which I'll
00:23:07:00	00:23:08:00	talk a lot about obviously.
00:23:08:00	00:23:10:00	But when they get into natural
00:23:10:00	00:23:11:00	Systems like these forests that
00:23:11:00	00:23:12:00	did not evolve in the presence
00:23:12:00	00:23:15:00	of Earthworms, they can do a
00:23:15:00	00:23:18:00	lot of damage and so On
00:23:18:00	00:23:18:00	the left hand side you see a
00:23:18:00	00:23:22:00	really healthy intact Forest
00:23:22:00	00:23:23:00	system with lots of native
00:23:23:00	00:23:26:00	understory Plants, healthy root
00:23:26:00	00:23:27:00	system to trees and really a
00:23:27:00	00:23:30:00	differentiated Of soil profile.
00:23:30:00	00:23:33:00	OK from the real Duff spongy
00:23:33:00	00:23:37:00	layer to more of unconsolidated
00:23:37:00	00:23:37:00	mineral layers.
00:23:37:00	00:23:41:00	If you go into a woods That has
00:23:41:00	00:23:41:00	a lot of different earthworm
00:23:41:00	00:23:44:00	species high abundance, they
00:23:44:00	00:23:45:00	are churning that soil there,
00:23:45:00	00:23:48:00	mixing it really quickly.
00:23:48:00	00:23:48:00	They're compacting the soil,
00:23:48:00	00:23:49:00	they're reducing all that
00:23:49:00	00:23:52:00	spongy Organic layer and why
00:23:52:00	00:23:55:00	that's important is that Tree
00:23:55:00	00:23:58:00	species are basically plants
00:23:58:00	00:23:59:00	Especially young young plants
00:23:59:00	00:24:03:00	need that that organic Layer
00:24:03:00	00:24:03:00	because it's full of moisture
00:24:03:00	00:24:04:00	kind of like why we compost for
00:24:04:00	00:24:06:00	it full Of nutrients to help
00:24:06:00	00:24:10:00	them germinate and then Persist
00:24:10:00	00:24:11:00	without that few native plants
00:24:11:00	00:24:14:00	will do well And your end to
00:24:14:00	00:24:14:00	end there is there has been a
00:24:14:00	00:24:17:00	lot of research done on Kind of
00:24:17:00	00:24:18:00	a feedback loop where in other
00:24:18:00	00:24:21:00	invasive Plants like your your
00:24:21:00	00:24:24:00	buck thorn garlic mustard Can
00:24:24:00	00:24:25:00	do really well in that highly
00:24:25:00	00:24:25:00	disturbed environment.
00:24:25:00	00:24:29:00	And So you get this these
00:24:29:00	00:24:32:00	ecological engineered Moving
00:24:32:00	00:24:33:00	through the soil like these
00:24:33:00	00:24:33:00	earthworms are changing
00:24:33:00	00:24:36:00	fundamentally the soil Profile
00:24:36:00	00:24:37:00	and that allows species that we
00:24:37:00	00:24:39:00	don't want to be there as Well
00:24:39:00	00:24:40:00	in terms of plants to come in
00:24:40:00	00:24:43:00	and they have their own impacts
00:24:43:00	00:24:43:00	.
00:24:43:00	00:24:44:00	So they're they're sort of
00:24:44:00	00:24:49:00	they're Sort of The canary in
00:24:49:00	00:24:50:00	the coal mine, if you will.
00:24:50:00	00:24:51:00	If you if you're seeing these
00:24:51:00	00:24:52:00	in these Nice habitats
00:24:52:00	00:24:56:00	potentially you could have
00:24:56:00	00:24:57:00	Bigger problems down the line.
00:24:57:00	00:24:58:00	And again, this is in.
00:24:58:00	00:25:00:00	These are in for system But
00:25:00:00	00:25:01:00	this is give you kind of
00:25:01:00	00:25:01:00	context for what's been studied
00:25:01:00	00:25:03:00	in terms of earthworms.
00:25:03:00	00:25:04:00	>> I'm not gonna go through
00:25:04:00	00:25:08:00	this slide too In detail but I
00:25:08:00	00:25:08:00	mentioned that earthworms are
00:25:08:00	00:25:10:00	considered sort of Ecological
00:25:10:00	00:25:10:00	engineers.
00:25:10:00	00:25:14:00	They can really change
00:25:14:00	00:25:15:00	the Habitat where the where
00:25:15:00	00:25:18:00	they are Introduced through how
00:25:18:00	00:25:21:00	they burrow their Casting
00:25:21:00	00:25:22:00	behavior.
00:25:22:00	00:25:22:00	So castings are their estimate
00:25:22:00	00:25:25:00	when they are eating Organic
00:25:25:00	00:25:25:00	matter.
00:25:25:00	00:25:26:00	They are producing instrument
00:25:26:00	00:25:29:00	that Are high in nutrients how
00:25:29:00	00:25:34:00	they feed Mucus that that
00:25:34:00	00:25:37:00	chemistry in There and their
00:25:37:00	00:25:40:00	slime basically And they enter
00:25:40:00	00:25:41:00	and they can have physical
00:25:41:00	00:25:41:00	changes on the cell structure
00:25:41:00	00:25:44:00	chemical Changes and then also
00:25:44:00	00:25:47:00	impact other organisms
00:25:47:00	00:25:48:00	Invertebrates in the soil, bird
00:25:48:00	00:25:50:00	nesting habitat all sort Things
00:25:50:00	00:25:51:00	that they can they can change.
00:25:51:00	00:25:52:00	>> All right.
00:25:52:00	00:25:55:00	>> So you're now you're all
00:25:55:00	00:25:56:00	experts on earthworms.
00:25:56:00	00:25:58:00	So you're up to speed Now we're
00:25:58:00	00:25:59:00	gonna dove into what are these
00:25:59:00	00:26:02:00	jumping Worms?
00:26:02:00	00:26:02:00	>> How do they differ from
00:26:02:00	00:26:03:00	other earthworms that we might
00:26:03:00	00:26:06:00	see In our gardens and then why
00:26:06:00	00:26:09:00	should we be Concerned?
00:26:09:00	00:26:10:00	Why are they a problem and some
00:26:10:00	00:26:12:00	of you can publish already
00:26:12:00	00:26:13:00	After this from your own
00:26:13:00	00:26:13:00	experiences.
00:26:13:00	00:26:16:00	>> So as I mentioned, these
00:26:16:00	00:26:17:00	this group of earthworms are
00:26:17:00	00:26:20:00	native To Asia.
00:26:20:00	00:26:21:00	So primarily Japan, the Korean
00:26:21:00	00:26:24:00	Peninsula Areas of China
00:26:24:00	00:26:27:00	interestingly they're found
00:26:27:00	00:26:28:00	They're commonly found in
00:26:28:00	00:26:28:00	grassland habitats where
00:26:28:00	00:26:31:00	they're Native to and I'd like
00:26:31:00	00:26:34:00	to get into that too much.
00:26:34:00	00:26:35:00	But we have not found these
00:26:35:00	00:26:38:00	earthworms in in Prairie.
00:26:38:00	00:26:40:00	They have been found in turf
00:26:40:00	00:26:42:00	grass but Usually near to
00:26:42:00	00:26:46:00	garden habitats that have, you
00:26:46:00	00:26:47:00	know, mulch and that sort of
00:26:47:00	00:26:48:00	thing and they just have a
00:26:48:00	00:26:50:00	heavy Have expanded out into
00:26:50:00	00:26:50:00	those areas.
00:26:50:00	00:26:53:00	But there's More research that
00:26:53:00	00:26:54:00	need to be done about why
00:26:54:00	00:26:55:00	they're common in one habitat
00:26:55:00	00:26:57:00	where they're Native to and why
00:26:57:00	00:26:58:00	we find them in other places
00:26:58:00	00:27:00:00	here.
00:27:00:00	00:27:01:00	And there are of course
00:27:01:00	00:27:01:00	hundreds of species of these
00:27:01:00	00:27:04:00	earthworms worldwide.
00:27:04:00	00:27:05:00	We just have a handful in North
00:27:05:00	00:27:07:00	America And only three have
00:27:07:00	00:27:11:00	been found in Wisconsin But
00:27:11:00	00:27:12:00	they're all very similar in
00:27:12:00	00:27:15:00	terms of their Habitat and how
00:27:15:00	00:27:15:00	they look.
00:27:15:00	00:27:16:00	I mentioned earlier that
00:27:16:00	00:27:18:00	the first record In the state
00:27:18:00	00:27:19:00	was in 2013.
00:27:19:00	00:27:20:00	Now they've likely been here
00:27:20:00	00:27:22:00	longer.
00:27:22:00	00:27:23:00	We just didn't know about them
00:27:23:00	00:27:24:00	or weren't looking for them.
00:27:24:00	00:27:26:00	And so the first confirmed
00:27:26:00	00:27:29:00	record wasn't 2013 Just a few
00:27:29:00	00:27:30:00	miles from here.
00:27:30:00	00:27:34:00	And Wisconsin has a unique
00:27:34:00	00:27:36:00	program at the DNR where they
00:27:36:00	00:27:37:00	track invasive species of any
00:27:37:00	00:27:41:00	sort plants, animals, fungi and
00:27:41:00	00:27:44:00	so Currently these group of
00:27:44:00	00:27:48:00	earthworms are Listed as
00:27:48:00	00:27:49:00	restricted in the state.
00:27:49:00	00:27:51:00	So that means that They were
00:27:51:00	00:27:52:00	listed as prohibited until we
00:27:52:00	00:27:56:00	found them And of course that
00:27:56:00	00:27:56:00	changed.
00:27:56:00	00:27:57:00	And so now they're restricted
00:27:57:00	00:27:59:00	meaning That in terms of
00:27:59:00	00:28:02:00	regulations you Still cannot
00:28:02:00	00:28:03:00	sell them in the state.
00:28:03:00	00:28:06:00	You can't knowingly Move them
00:28:06:00	00:28:07:00	across state lines.
00:28:07:00	00:28:11:00	You Can't, you know, knowingly
00:28:11:00	00:28:14:00	introduce some Places that
00:28:14:00	00:28:14:00	don't have them but there's no
00:28:14:00	00:28:18:00	restriction On having them on
00:28:18:00	00:28:18:00	your property because they're
00:28:18:00	00:28:20:00	very common.
00:28:20:00	00:28:21:00	Now I know it's funny that you
00:28:21:00	00:28:24:00	could even think about And as
00:28:24:00	00:28:27:00	you learned we don't have a
00:28:27:00	00:28:28:00	Silver bullet control.
00:28:28:00	00:28:31:00	>> We have more options now but
00:28:31:00	00:28:32:00	We don't have that one control
00:28:32:00	00:28:35:00	that that we can Share with
00:28:35:00	00:28:36:00	folks that can get rid of them
00:28:36:00	00:28:37:00	at the moment.
00:28:37:00	00:28:39:00	>> There are three species I'm
00:28:39:00	00:28:40:00	not going to run I'm not going
00:28:40:00	00:28:43:00	to talk These in-depth because
00:28:43:00	00:28:45:00	they're all very similar to
00:28:45:00	00:28:46:00	The genus is a mentis.
00:28:46:00	00:28:50:00	And so there's Tokyo fences
00:28:50:00	00:28:50:00	which are somewhat smaller
00:28:50:00	00:28:54:00	earthworms Maybe three inches.
00:28:54:00	00:28:55:00	I meant to digress this which
00:28:55:00	00:28:56:00	are kind of the intermediate
00:28:56:00	00:28:57:00	Maybe five inches and then
00:28:57:00	00:28:58:00	there's this one which is
00:28:58:00	00:29:01:00	called modifier Holguin DA Phi
00:29:01:00	00:29:05:00	which is eight inches.
00:29:05:00	00:29:05:00	>> Twelve inches.
00:29:05:00	00:29:06:00	I know that's always
00:29:06:00	00:29:08:00	the response.
00:29:08:00	00:29:09:00	Well done and but they're all
00:29:09:00	00:29:09:00	similar.
00:29:09:00	00:29:13:00	They're all Epi energy.
00:29:13:00	00:29:14:00	I feel they all they all play
00:29:14:00	00:29:16:00	in that same Soil profile in
00:29:16:00	00:29:20:00	the litter topsoil And they're
00:29:20:00	00:29:20:00	all pathogenic.
00:29:20:00	00:29:21:00	>> Okay.
00:29:21:00	00:29:21:00	All right.
00:29:21:00	00:29:26:00	So here's how you can arm
00:29:26:00	00:29:27:00	Yourself with information about
00:29:27:00	00:29:30:00	what to look for and It's
00:29:30:00	00:29:31:00	February.
00:29:31:00	00:29:33:00	These are annual species and so
00:29:33:00	00:29:34:00	You'll be finding them now.
00:29:34:00	00:29:35:00	But in the spring in a couple
00:29:35:00	00:29:38:00	of months This is what you can
00:29:38:00	00:29:39:00	start to look for in terms of
00:29:39:00	00:29:42:00	what you have On your own
00:29:42:00	00:29:43:00	property for earthworm
00:29:43:00	00:29:45:00	diversity.
00:29:45:00	00:29:46:00	>> So I'm comparing a mentis
00:29:46:00	00:29:49:00	generally with A very common
00:29:49:00	00:29:50:00	European earthworm called
00:29:50:00	00:29:56:00	lumbar because And I'm doing
00:29:56:00	00:29:57:00	that because these earthworms
00:29:57:00	00:29:58:00	can be found in the same Soil
00:29:58:00	00:29:59:00	profile the lumber case is also
00:29:59:00	00:30:02:00	one Of the sort of epi
00:30:02:00	00:30:03:00	energetic earthworms so you
00:30:03:00	00:30:05:00	might find them At the same
00:30:05:00	00:30:06:00	time potentially.
00:30:06:00	00:30:09:00	And so knowing What they look
00:30:09:00	00:30:10:00	like and how to differentiate
00:30:10:00	00:30:10:00	can be can be valuable.
00:30:10:00	00:30:14:00	Generally I meant this will be
00:30:14:00	00:30:17:00	larger than Lumber because
00:30:17:00	00:30:18:00	rebellious size is always a
00:30:18:00	00:30:21:00	really Kind of poor indicator
00:30:21:00	00:30:25:00	because environmental variables
00:30:25:00	00:30:25:00	Your particular site might have
00:30:25:00	00:30:26:00	more nutrients might have a
00:30:26:00	00:30:28:00	different Organic matter that
00:30:28:00	00:30:29:00	allows earthworms and other
00:30:29:00	00:30:32:00	organisms to Be larger or
00:30:32:00	00:30:33:00	smaller than average.
00:30:33:00	00:30:35:00	So take that with A grain of
00:30:35:00	00:30:36:00	salt.
00:30:36:00	00:30:36:00	That's not the best indicator.
00:30:36:00	00:30:39:00	There are better ones.
00:30:39:00	00:30:40:00	I'll talk about that here
00:30:40:00	00:30:40:00	shortly.
00:30:40:00	00:30:43:00	I mentioned the lifecycle Are
00:30:43:00	00:30:43:00	very different.
00:30:43:00	00:30:44:00	This group of invasive
00:30:44:00	00:30:46:00	earthworms have an Annual
00:30:46:00	00:30:47:00	lifecycle so they do not
00:30:47:00	00:30:50:00	survive as adults Over winter.
00:30:50:00	00:30:51:00	Right now they're in little
00:30:51:00	00:30:54:00	cocoons under The soil or
00:30:54:00	00:30:57:00	within the soil under the snow
00:30:57:00	00:30:57:00	Lumber ICUs.
00:30:57:00	00:30:59:00	>> So no case is a group of
00:30:59:00	00:31:02:00	earthworms From from Europe
00:31:02:00	00:31:05:00	because rebellious For example
00:31:05:00	00:31:06:00	can burrow into the soil and
00:31:06:00	00:31:09:00	can over winter Potentially
00:31:09:00	00:31:10:00	they can.
00:31:10:00	00:31:10:00	They can also produce cocoons
00:31:10:00	00:31:14:00	and they can Over winter as a
00:31:14:00	00:31:14:00	koons.
00:31:14:00	00:31:16:00	But in the early spring you're
00:31:16:00	00:31:17:00	Gonna find earthworms right
00:31:17:00	00:31:20:00	away that are that are large.
00:31:20:00	00:31:21:00	Those are not dumping worms.
00:31:21:00	00:31:24:00	Those are European earthworms
00:31:24:00	00:31:25:00	Jumping worms have to hatch
00:31:25:00	00:31:25:00	from cocoons.
00:31:25:00	00:31:28:00	They're really tiny And it
00:31:28:00	00:31:28:00	takes them 70 days to actually
00:31:28:00	00:31:32:00	grow to Any size that you could
00:31:32:00	00:31:32:00	identify them.
00:31:32:00	00:31:33:00	So that's a common question
00:31:33:00	00:31:36:00	that I Get is I'm seeing
00:31:36:00	00:31:36:00	earthworms in April.
00:31:36:00	00:31:38:00	They're everywhere.
00:31:38:00	00:31:39:00	Are they are they dumping worms
00:31:39:00	00:31:43:00	and more Than likely they are
00:31:43:00	00:31:44:00	not unless you have a really
00:31:44:00	00:31:47:00	weird Microclimate next year
00:31:47:00	00:31:47:00	your foundation that stays warm
00:31:47:00	00:31:50:00	all winter Or some kind of
00:31:50:00	00:31:51:00	exhausts or heat source that's
00:31:51:00	00:31:54:00	coming out That can warn that
00:31:54:00	00:31:55:00	soil and keep it warm all
00:31:55:00	00:31:55:00	winter.
00:31:55:00	00:31:57:00	But Early earthworms are going
00:31:57:00	00:31:58:00	to be something different from
00:31:58:00	00:32:00:00	jumping worms.
00:32:00:00	00:32:01:00	The coloration is a bit
00:32:01:00	00:32:01:00	different.
00:32:01:00	00:32:05:00	>> Jumping worms have Kind of a
00:32:05:00	00:32:08:00	two tone color On their ventral
00:32:08:00	00:32:09:00	side or their backside which is
00:32:09:00	00:32:12:00	what you're Going to be seeing
00:32:12:00	00:32:15:00	generally is darker than their
00:32:15:00	00:32:16:00	Tummies which is more of a pink
00:32:16:00	00:32:17:00	pink color.
00:32:17:00	00:32:19:00	Other earthworms are generally
00:32:19:00	00:32:22:00	the same color throughout their
00:32:22:00	00:32:23:00	Body and it's a reddish brown
00:32:23:00	00:32:27:00	and The other the other aspect
00:32:27:00	00:32:30:00	of their skin That you can
00:32:30:00	00:32:31:00	actually feel is that jumping
00:32:31:00	00:32:33:00	worms have a much more rigid
00:32:33:00	00:32:34:00	Body type.
00:32:34:00	00:32:38:00	They they Don't mean other full
00:32:38:00	00:32:39:00	lots of earthworms have sort of
00:32:39:00	00:32:41:00	a.
00:32:41:00	00:32:42:00	No but the word is but they
00:32:42:00	00:32:45:00	they will Kind of wrap around
00:32:45:00	00:32:46:00	your finger they're sort of
00:32:46:00	00:32:48:00	flaccid If you will.
00:32:48:00	00:32:49:00	>> Whereas jumping worm to a
00:32:49:00	00:32:52:00	very, very rigid.
00:32:52:00	00:32:55:00	>> And that in there is a
00:32:55:00	00:32:55:00	Consequence of that.
00:32:55:00	00:32:56:00	And I'll talk about that in
00:32:56:00	00:32:59:00	terms of their behavior.
00:32:59:00	00:33:00:00	One of the structures of
00:33:00:00	00:33:03:00	earthworms is this little Ring
00:33:03:00	00:33:04:00	and that's what these areas are
00:33:04:00	00:33:04:00	pointing to.
00:33:04:00	00:33:06:00	And that's called The .
00:33:06:00	00:33:07:00	Tell them.
00:33:07:00	00:33:07:00	And that's the reproductive
00:33:07:00	00:33:08:00	area of the earthworm.
00:33:08:00	00:33:10:00	That's Where they're producing
00:33:10:00	00:33:11:00	cuckoos and offspring's little
00:33:11:00	00:33:14:00	this little ring Near the head
00:33:14:00	00:33:15:00	jumping worms when they're
00:33:15:00	00:33:15:00	adult.
00:33:15:00	00:33:18:00	This is a great idea
00:33:18:00	00:33:18:00	Characteristic they per day
00:33:18:00	00:33:21:00	produce a white kind of milky
00:33:21:00	00:33:25:00	Gray ring near their head.
00:33:25:00	00:33:26:00	>> All other earthworms have
00:33:26:00	00:33:29:00	the talons too but they're
00:33:29:00	00:33:29:00	They're the same color roughly
00:33:29:00	00:33:33:00	as the rest of the other body
00:33:33:00	00:33:33:00	And you can see that
00:33:33:00	00:33:36:00	illustrated here also There.
00:33:36:00	00:33:37:00	>> That ring I'm talking worms
00:33:37:00	00:33:37:00	is smooth.
00:33:37:00	00:33:41:00	So you Rub your finger over it
00:33:41:00	00:33:41:00	and you can't tell that it's
00:33:41:00	00:33:42:00	there.
00:33:42:00	00:33:44:00	It's just feels Like the rest
00:33:44:00	00:33:45:00	of the body it's not raised.
00:33:45:00	00:33:48:00	It also goes all the way Around
00:33:48:00	00:33:48:00	the body.
00:33:48:00	00:33:49:00	OK.
00:33:49:00	00:33:51:00	So those three characteristics
00:33:51:00	00:33:52:00	Color, texture and fat that it
00:33:52:00	00:33:55:00	goes all the way Around its
00:33:55:00	00:33:56:00	annular around the body is
00:33:56:00	00:33:56:00	different from any other
00:33:56:00	00:33:58:00	earthworm.
00:33:58:00	00:33:59:00	>> If you if you ever if you
00:33:59:00	00:34:06:00	find A common nightcrawler and
00:34:06:00	00:34:07:00	Look at that little bump near
00:34:07:00	00:34:07:00	the head that's a clue.
00:34:07:00	00:34:09:00	Tell them it's rays off
00:34:09:00	00:34:10:00	The skin and if you turn it
00:34:10:00	00:34:13:00	over it doesn't come together
00:34:13:00	00:34:13:00	Underneath.
00:34:13:00	00:34:14:00	>> It's like a saddle.
00:34:14:00	00:34:15:00	OK.
00:34:15:00	00:34:17:00	So when they're Adults that's
00:34:17:00	00:34:18:00	probably the best way of
00:34:18:00	00:34:23:00	telling Them apart.
00:34:23:00	00:34:24:00	If you want to really nerd out
00:34:24:00	00:34:27:00	and biomarker scope I have many
00:34:27:00	00:34:27:00	I can I can lend you one.
00:34:27:00	00:34:30:00	You can count the number
00:34:30:00	00:34:31:00	Segments from their nose to
00:34:31:00	00:34:34:00	where that will tell Begins and
00:34:34:00	00:34:34:00	it's consistent within species.
00:34:34:00	00:34:38:00	So Quote tell them I'm jumping
00:34:38:00	00:34:41:00	worms form segments 14 16.
00:34:41:00	00:34:42:00	I'll tell him no other species
00:34:42:00	00:34:46:00	are much Farther down from
00:34:46:00	00:34:46:00	their nose.
00:34:46:00	00:34:47:00	You don't have to count
00:34:47:00	00:34:49:00	the segments To see this.
00:34:49:00	00:34:50:00	You could find both worms and
00:34:50:00	00:34:53:00	see That one could tell him is
00:34:53:00	00:34:54:00	maybe a third of the way down
00:34:54:00	00:34:54:00	the body.
00:34:54:00	00:34:57:00	And one Is really close to
00:34:57:00	00:34:57:00	the head.
00:34:57:00	00:34:58:00	That's that's the method
00:34:58:00	00:35:00:00	they're The behavior.
00:35:00:00	00:35:03:00	>> And if you've seen these And
00:35:03:00	00:35:04:00	I'll show you some some video
00:35:04:00	00:35:07:00	here in a moment the Behavior
00:35:07:00	00:35:08:00	is really creepy and but it's a
00:35:08:00	00:35:10:00	good idea.
00:35:10:00	00:35:12:00	It's a good way to tell what
00:35:12:00	00:35:12:00	you have.
00:35:12:00	00:35:14:00	So they're very active And
00:35:14:00	00:35:15:00	that's because they have this
00:35:15:00	00:35:16:00	rigid body so they're able to
00:35:16:00	00:35:18:00	really snake Snake around.
00:35:18:00	00:35:19:00	>> They can literally jump in
00:35:19:00	00:35:19:00	your hand.
00:35:19:00	00:35:22:00	They don't have legs.
00:35:22:00	00:35:23:00	They don't have arms.
00:35:23:00	00:35:25:00	They're not jumping literally.
00:35:25:00	00:35:27:00	>> But their movement is so
00:35:27:00	00:35:29:00	erratic and So energetic that
00:35:29:00	00:35:32:00	they can they can bounce around
00:35:32:00	00:35:33:00	.
00:35:33:00	00:35:33:00	>> Other earthworms aren't
00:35:33:00	00:35:34:00	doing that.
00:35:34:00	00:35:34:00	They're kind of wiggly.
00:35:34:00	00:35:35:00	All right.
00:35:35:00	00:35:38:00	You've all seen earthworms or
00:35:38:00	00:35:39:00	held them.
00:35:39:00	00:35:40:00	>> They can wiggle but they're
00:35:40:00	00:35:40:00	Not actively flopping around in
00:35:40:00	00:35:44:00	your hand.
00:35:44:00	00:35:45:00	It's a great way to tell.
00:35:45:00	00:35:46:00	Well, what you have in your
00:35:46:00	00:35:48:00	yard Another good way and you
00:35:48:00	00:35:48:00	should tell this in
00:35:48:00	00:35:51:00	the wintertime Is to look at
00:35:51:00	00:35:52:00	your soil.
00:35:52:00	00:35:55:00	>> So I mentioned earlier
00:35:55:00	00:35:55:00	The casting behavior and this
00:35:55:00	00:35:56:00	is the earthworm instrument
00:35:56:00	00:35:59:00	that all earth earthlings Make
00:35:59:00	00:35:59:00	but they produce different
00:35:59:00	00:36:02:00	patterns of instrument Laying.
00:36:02:00	00:36:06:00	And so are these dumping worms
00:36:06:00	00:36:09:00	A kind of uniform coffee ground
00:36:09:00	00:36:10:00	, very loose casting.
00:36:10:00	00:36:14:00	>> So They look just like soil
00:36:14:00	00:36:17:00	but if you have them You can
00:36:17:00	00:36:18:00	you can see it.
00:36:18:00	00:36:18:00	>> And I'll show you some
00:36:18:00	00:36:19:00	photos here with what looks
00:36:19:00	00:36:21:00	like I can see the changes in
00:36:21:00	00:36:21:00	the soil.
00:36:21:00	00:36:24:00	This loose coffee Ground like
00:36:24:00	00:36:28:00	soil compared to little little
00:36:28:00	00:36:29:00	Piles of castings that other
00:36:29:00	00:36:29:00	earthworms will make.
00:36:29:00	00:36:32:00	>> OK, Kind of random in nature
00:36:32:00	00:36:35:00	not not universal.
00:36:35:00	00:36:36:00	And then another creepy feature
00:36:36:00	00:36:38:00	of these is that they can drop
00:36:38:00	00:36:42:00	Their tail when they're Being
00:36:42:00	00:36:42:00	aggravated.
00:36:42:00	00:36:43:00	They they will just they will
00:36:43:00	00:36:46:00	drop a few segments Of their
00:36:46:00	00:36:47:00	tail as we think a mechanism to
00:36:47:00	00:36:50:00	escape predation Or something
00:36:50:00	00:36:51:00	other earthworms will not do
00:36:51:00	00:36:51:00	that.
00:36:51:00	00:36:53:00	OK.
00:36:53:00	00:36:54:00	Enough after this slide.
00:36:54:00	00:36:57:00	I think we have some Video.
00:36:57:00	00:36:58:00	So here's a good example of
00:36:58:00	00:36:59:00	what the fire looks like.
00:36:59:00	00:37:01:00	So the Left side and I don't
00:37:01:00	00:37:02:00	know if this shows up well
00:37:02:00	00:37:04:00	enough but the left side Is
00:37:04:00	00:37:08:00	with species of jumping worms.
00:37:08:00	00:37:09:00	You see that really uniform
00:37:09:00	00:37:12:00	granular looking Soil other
00:37:12:00	00:37:12:00	side is without.
00:37:12:00	00:37:15:00	And this photo was taken Many
00:37:15:00	00:37:16:00	years ago now at the arboretum
00:37:16:00	00:37:17:00	right at the invasion front.
00:37:17:00	00:37:20:00	So we we've been mapping
00:37:20:00	00:37:20:00	the invasion.
00:37:20:00	00:37:21:00	These earthworms throughout
00:37:21:00	00:37:23:00	the region over The years.
00:37:23:00	00:37:24:00	So this was one photo that I
00:37:24:00	00:37:27:00	just drew a line Between and
00:37:27:00	00:37:27:00	you can see they're moving left
00:37:27:00	00:37:31:00	to right And now the right side
00:37:31:00	00:37:33:00	looks just like the left side.
00:37:33:00	00:37:34:00	All right.
00:37:34:00	00:37:38:00	Let's see if This will work
00:37:38:00	00:37:38:00	here.
00:37:38:00	00:37:40:00	>> So here is an example Of
00:37:40:00	00:37:44:00	jumping worms again right on
00:37:44:00	00:37:45:00	Cue.
00:37:45:00	00:37:45:00	>> Well done.
00:37:45:00	00:37:46:00	Same same reaction, huh?
00:37:46:00	00:37:51:00	>> How About again confit again
00:37:51:00	00:37:51:00	?
00:37:51:00	00:37:52:00	Find my arrow here.
00:37:52:00	00:37:55:00	Now I have to admit That we
00:37:55:00	00:37:55:00	collected earthworms or jumping
00:37:55:00	00:37:59:00	worms and put them there And so
00:37:59:00	00:37:59:00	they were already unhappy with
00:37:59:00	00:38:02:00	us When I lost my cursor.
00:38:02:00	00:38:03:00	All right.
00:38:03:00	00:38:08:00	We Other ones here.
00:38:08:00	00:38:08:00	Here we go.
00:38:08:00	00:38:14:00	So Again.
00:38:14:00	00:38:15:00	>> There we go.
00:38:15:00	00:38:18:00	So that's Behavior that really
00:38:18:00	00:38:21:00	wiggling kind of snake like.
00:38:21:00	00:38:25:00	And then here is a video Of of
00:38:25:00	00:38:26:00	this of that of that snake
00:38:26:00	00:38:35:00	motion A little more in detail
00:38:35:00	00:38:36:00	Now can you pick out the white
00:38:36:00	00:38:38:00	collar tell him on This one.
00:38:38:00	00:38:42:00	Sorry.
00:38:42:00	00:38:46:00	Trying to grab my cursor.
00:38:46:00	00:38:46:00	Here we go.
00:38:46:00	00:38:47:00	So see if you can see find
00:38:47:00	00:38:50:00	the head And find that that
00:38:50:00	00:38:50:00	white.
00:38:50:00	00:38:51:00	I'm sorry.
00:38:51:00	00:38:51:00	Find that white collar.
00:38:51:00	00:38:53:00	Tell Once I get my cursor
00:38:53:00	00:38:55:00	working.
00:38:55:00	00:38:59:00	Dario Right there.
00:38:59:00	00:38:59:00	Right there.
00:38:59:00	00:39:00:00	Yeah.
00:39:00:00	00:39:03:00	OK.
00:39:03:00	00:39:03:00	All right.
00:39:03:00	00:39:04:00	Now I mentioned that they can
00:39:04:00	00:39:06:00	drop Their tail when they're
00:39:06:00	00:39:07:00	angry at you.
00:39:07:00	00:39:10:00	To try and Escape predation.
00:39:10:00	00:39:11:00	So here's one this is kind of a
00:39:11:00	00:39:14:00	young one.
00:39:14:00	00:39:15:00	Did you see that on the right
00:39:15:00	00:39:17:00	hand side The tail is sort of
00:39:17:00	00:39:18:00	moving independently.
00:39:18:00	00:39:21:00	NGOs goes It's still moving.
00:39:21:00	00:39:26:00	Now I ask questions about if
00:39:26:00	00:39:29:00	you cut it in Half.
00:39:29:00	00:39:30:00	>> Do you go to earthworms?
00:39:30:00	00:39:30:00	No.
00:39:30:00	00:39:31:00	>> No.
00:39:31:00	00:39:33:00	So That segment is just it's
00:39:33:00	00:39:36:00	just moving because It's a
00:39:36:00	00:39:37:00	creepy organism and it is
00:39:37:00	00:39:39:00	adding to it's adding To its
00:39:39:00	00:39:39:00	reputation.
00:39:39:00	00:39:43:00	>> But it Doesn't create to
00:39:43:00	00:39:44:00	earthworms.
00:39:44:00	00:39:46:00	Remember the reproductive area
00:39:46:00	00:39:47:00	The nervous system, so to speak
00:39:47:00	00:39:50:00	is still intact.
00:39:50:00	00:39:51:00	And so that earthworm can still
00:39:51:00	00:39:52:00	produce offspring because it
00:39:52:00	00:39:54:00	has Tell them still.
00:39:54:00	00:39:55:00	But this is just a mechanism
00:39:55:00	00:39:58:00	that you might see And it's a
00:39:58:00	00:40:01:00	it's a trait of this particular
00:40:01:00	00:40:01:00	Earthworm.
00:40:01:00	00:40:02:00	Now it could be worse, folks.
00:40:02:00	00:40:05:00	>> OK.
00:40:05:00	00:40:06:00	This is a giant Gippsland
00:40:06:00	00:40:09:00	earthworm from Australia.
00:40:09:00	00:40:10:00	It's native to Australia.
00:40:10:00	00:40:13:00	And it can be Five, six, seven
00:40:13:00	00:40:13:00	feet.
00:40:13:00	00:40:16:00	You know, look Like a long
00:40:16:00	00:40:17:00	sausage is out of the sausage
00:40:17:00	00:40:19:00	maker.
00:40:19:00	00:40:20:00	I found this photo and it
00:40:20:00	00:40:21:00	doesn't really relate to what
00:40:21:00	00:40:24:00	we're talking about But it's a
00:40:24:00	00:40:24:00	cool photo.
00:40:24:00	00:40:26:00	Look at that.
00:40:26:00	00:40:27:00	Earthworms are amazing.
00:40:27:00	00:40:27:00	It's amazing.
00:40:27:00	00:40:31:00	But if I saw that One I would
00:40:31:00	00:40:31:00	probably literally run
00:40:31:00	00:40:31:00	the other way.
00:40:31:00	00:40:34:00	That is that Is incredible.
00:40:34:00	00:40:35:00	And she looks somewhat thrilled
00:40:35:00	00:40:37:00	to be holding that.
00:40:37:00	00:40:38:00	>> All right.
00:40:38:00	00:40:39:00	>> So back to where we are.
00:40:39:00	00:40:42:00	So There are different sides
00:40:42:00	00:40:42:00	jumping worms, right?
00:40:42:00	00:40:44:00	We talked about that.
00:40:44:00	00:40:45:00	Well, they produce a different
00:40:45:00	00:40:48:00	size casting.
00:40:48:00	00:40:49:00	Now this is this is sort of
00:40:49:00	00:40:50:00	academic in a way.
00:40:50:00	00:40:53:00	>> But you Can tell by the size
00:40:53:00	00:40:55:00	of the particles that you might
00:40:55:00	00:40:56:00	Have in your and your soil what
00:40:56:00	00:41:00:00	species You have.
00:41:00:00	00:41:01:00	So they range from the large
00:41:01:00	00:41:01:00	ones the modified larger
00:41:01:00	00:41:03:00	castings To the smaller ones
00:41:03:00	00:41:06:00	the Tokyo enzymes which produce
00:41:06:00	00:41:07:00	Smaller casting just given body
00:41:07:00	00:41:07:00	size.
00:41:07:00	00:41:11:00	Again, it's academic in a way
00:41:11:00	00:41:12:00	if you see they all produce it
00:41:12:00	00:41:15:00	uniformly It's all kind of
00:41:15:00	00:41:16:00	craft coffee ground like loose
00:41:16:00	00:41:18:00	soil but just So you know there
00:41:18:00	00:41:19:00	are different species that
00:41:19:00	00:41:19:00	might produce different sized
00:41:19:00	00:41:21:00	castings.
00:41:21:00	00:41:25:00	>> These are cocoons OK so
00:41:25:00	00:41:26:00	we've isolated a lot of our
00:41:26:00	00:41:28:00	research is focused on This
00:41:28:00	00:41:29:00	part of the lifecycle because
00:41:29:00	00:41:30:00	we think we have we're able to
00:41:30:00	00:41:33:00	maybe Interject some control
00:41:33:00	00:41:36:00	over how They produce and if if
00:41:36:00	00:41:37:00	we can control their hatching
00:41:37:00	00:41:40:00	we Might be able to think about
00:41:40:00	00:41:43:00	reducing populations that way
00:41:43:00	00:41:43:00	There could humans are very
00:41:43:00	00:41:43:00	small.
00:41:43:00	00:41:47:00	They're two millimeters in.
00:41:47:00	00:41:47:00	They look just like soil
00:41:47:00	00:41:48:00	particles.
00:41:48:00	00:41:51:00	They're really Next to
00:41:51:00	00:41:52:00	impossible to actually see in
00:41:52:00	00:41:54:00	the soil.
00:41:54:00	00:41:55:00	And so it's I mean they're not
00:41:55:00	00:41:58:00	microscopic So you can find
00:41:58:00	00:41:59:00	them.
00:41:59:00	00:42:01:00	>> But we have as we go through
00:42:01:00	00:42:02:00	What sitting process to isolate
00:42:02:00	00:42:03:00	the cocoon from the soil.
00:42:03:00	00:42:06:00	But just say no that this is
00:42:06:00	00:42:07:00	this is one reason why there's
00:42:07:00	00:42:09:00	so They're doing so well in
00:42:09:00	00:42:13:00	terms of a species an invading
00:42:13:00	00:42:13:00	Is that they produce these
00:42:13:00	00:42:14:00	cocoons and they're impossible
00:42:14:00	00:42:17:00	to See in the soil.
00:42:17:00	00:42:18:00	And so you know, how easy would
00:42:18:00	00:42:20:00	it be to Step on soil you have
00:42:20:00	00:42:24:00	these are attached to the soil
00:42:24:00	00:42:25:00	On your shoes, the tires of
00:42:25:00	00:42:27:00	your car all Just one cocoon
00:42:27:00	00:42:28:00	with one earthworm to into into
00:42:28:00	00:42:31:00	a new area And you potentially
00:42:31:00	00:42:32:00	have a new population.
00:42:32:00	00:42:33:00	>> So we're actually less
00:42:33:00	00:42:35:00	concerned About transporting
00:42:35:00	00:42:36:00	the earthworms and more
00:42:36:00	00:42:39:00	concerned about These
00:42:39:00	00:42:40:00	offspring, these cocoon that
00:42:40:00	00:42:41:00	you know, once they're in a new
00:42:41:00	00:42:43:00	area can Can produce any
00:42:43:00	00:42:43:00	population.
00:42:43:00	00:42:46:00	>> I mentioned that in
00:42:46:00	00:42:47:00	The spring when these are
00:42:47:00	00:42:47:00	hatching.
00:42:47:00	00:42:50:00	You're not going to see Them in
00:42:50:00	00:42:51:00	the soil for a while because
00:42:51:00	00:42:52:00	for one reason they're really
00:42:52:00	00:42:54:00	tiny.
00:42:54:00	00:42:55:00	>> So this is this is a brand
00:42:55:00	00:42:57:00	new baby dumping worm.
00:42:57:00	00:42:58:00	They're about 10 centimeters
00:42:58:00	00:43:01:00	I'm sorry 10 millimeters In
00:43:01:00	00:43:01:00	length.
00:43:01:00	00:43:05:00	And Again you can find these in
00:43:05:00	00:43:05:00	the woods.
00:43:05:00	00:43:08:00	They're often going to be In
00:43:08:00	00:43:09:00	leaf litter and if you go
00:43:09:00	00:43:12:00	through in April or May Start
00:43:12:00	00:43:13:00	to warm up you can't find them
00:43:13:00	00:43:16:00	but They're not easy to see.
00:43:16:00	00:43:17:00	The one thing to note about
00:43:17:00	00:43:20:00	this Is that when we first
00:43:20:00	00:43:20:00	started looking at jumping
00:43:20:00	00:43:23:00	worms we were seeing Lots of
00:43:23:00	00:43:24:00	little white earthworms in
00:43:24:00	00:43:26:00	the early Spring.
00:43:26:00	00:43:28:00	>> That kind of had a similar
00:43:28:00	00:43:30:00	behavior that are really kind
00:43:30:00	00:43:34:00	Of a wagging at us Under
00:43:34:00	00:43:34:00	the leaf litter.
00:43:34:00	00:43:35:00	But there were white or
00:43:35:00	00:43:37:00	sometimes kind Translucent and
00:43:37:00	00:43:38:00	we thought that those were
00:43:38:00	00:43:42:00	maybe the New hatchlings.
00:43:42:00	00:43:42:00	They are not those are called
00:43:42:00	00:43:45:00	pot worms and many You maybe
00:43:45:00	00:43:46:00	have heard of pot worm.
00:43:46:00	00:43:47:00	They're actually not in
00:43:47:00	00:43:48:00	the earthworm family.
00:43:48:00	00:43:49:00	They're they're native as far
00:43:49:00	00:43:50:00	as I know.
00:43:50:00	00:43:53:00	But they don't They're not
00:43:53:00	00:43:53:00	harmful to anything.
00:43:53:00	00:43:53:00	They're ubiquitous.
00:43:53:00	00:43:56:00	They're everywhere.
00:43:56:00	00:43:56:00	Earthworms when they hatch are
00:43:56:00	00:43:59:00	pigmented from the beginning.
00:43:59:00	00:44:00:00	So if you see a tiny earthworm
00:44:00:00	00:44:04:00	in May, April That's pigmented
00:44:04:00	00:44:04:00	that might be a jumping worm.
00:44:04:00	00:44:07:00	It can also be A European
00:44:07:00	00:44:07:00	earthworm.
00:44:07:00	00:44:08:00	It could be a lot of different
00:44:08:00	00:44:08:00	things.
00:44:08:00	00:44:11:00	So at this stage Even I can't
00:44:11:00	00:44:14:00	I.D. the kind of earthworms.
00:44:14:00	00:44:16:00	And so it does take a while for
00:44:16:00	00:44:17:00	them to mature before you can
00:44:17:00	00:44:18:00	differentiate Some of those
00:44:18:00	00:44:19:00	traits we talked about.
00:44:19:00	00:44:22:00	>> But if you see adult Big
00:44:22:00	00:44:26:00	earthworms again in April May
00:44:26:00	00:44:26:00	those are not jumping rooms or
00:44:26:00	00:44:29:00	something to head over wintered
00:44:29:00	00:44:30:00	And it's just come out when
00:44:30:00	00:44:30:00	the soil has warmed.
00:44:30:00	00:44:33:00	>> All right.
00:44:33:00	00:44:34:00	So why should we be concerned?
00:44:34:00	00:44:35:00	We've talked about earthworm
00:44:35:00	00:44:37:00	effect and Forest.
00:44:37:00	00:44:38:00	>> They reduce litter layer all
00:44:38:00	00:44:40:00	the other good nutrients In
00:44:40:00	00:44:41:00	the soil it can affect if
00:44:41:00	00:44:41:00	you're actually if you're a
00:44:41:00	00:44:44:00	native Gardener or if you're
00:44:44:00	00:44:45:00	working on land that you're
00:44:45:00	00:44:48:00	restoring that can Be
00:44:48:00	00:44:48:00	troublesome to get native
00:44:48:00	00:44:52:00	plants to establish they really
00:44:52:00	00:44:52:00	Change the soil dynamics and we
00:44:52:00	00:44:55:00	think that the effect Of you
00:44:55:00	00:44:56:00	know, I meant this jumping word
00:44:56:00	00:44:59:00	will be similar to What we've
00:44:59:00	00:45:00:00	seen with European earthworms
00:45:00:00	00:45:00:00	or even more because they are
00:45:00:00	00:45:03:00	pathogenic Very easy to spread
00:45:03:00	00:45:06:00	with those cocoons.
00:45:06:00	00:45:07:00	Now let's change gears here
00:45:07:00	00:45:07:00	because you're all thinking
00:45:07:00	00:45:08:00	wait a minute.
00:45:08:00	00:45:10:00	I've Heard my entire life
00:45:10:00	00:45:11:00	the earthworms are really
00:45:11:00	00:45:14:00	beneficial For gardens and for
00:45:14:00	00:45:15:00	my soil.
00:45:15:00	00:45:17:00	>> So Isn't that true?
00:45:17:00	00:45:21:00	And the answer is yes and no,
00:45:21:00	00:45:22:00	of course because not
00:45:22:00	00:45:22:00	everything is black and white
00:45:22:00	00:45:25:00	and there's always some nuance
00:45:25:00	00:45:25:00	.
00:45:25:00	00:45:26:00	So let's talk about urban
00:45:26:00	00:45:29:00	gardens and You know, many of
00:45:29:00	00:45:29:00	you probably live in
00:45:29:00	00:45:30:00	the country and have more of a
00:45:30:00	00:45:33:00	rural Setting garden but many
00:45:33:00	00:45:33:00	of you maybe live in urban
00:45:33:00	00:45:36:00	areas and have a smaller
00:45:36:00	00:45:37:00	Backyard garden like like I do
00:45:37:00	00:45:39:00	urban gardens Especially.
00:45:39:00	00:45:40:00	And we talk about large scale
00:45:40:00	00:45:45:00	ag Have very compacted soils
00:45:45:00	00:45:47:00	generally If they've been
00:45:47:00	00:45:48:00	worked a lot they need
00:45:48:00	00:45:48:00	amendments.
00:45:48:00	00:45:51:00	I know my garden is basically
00:45:51:00	00:45:54:00	on Phil soil Here in Madison.
00:45:54:00	00:45:55:00	And so it needs amendment's
00:45:55:00	00:45:57:00	nutrients Need to need
00:45:57:00	00:45:58:00	amendments in terms of holding
00:45:58:00	00:46:02:00	moisture And one of those
00:46:02:00	00:46:04:00	amendments can be earthworms
00:46:04:00	00:46:05:00	And earthworms can do a really
00:46:05:00	00:46:07:00	can provide a really Great
00:46:07:00	00:46:11:00	function in terms of Reducing
00:46:11:00	00:46:12:00	soil compaction, creating
00:46:12:00	00:46:16:00	burrows to allow Air to get to
00:46:16:00	00:46:19:00	the root system to allow Water
00:46:19:00	00:46:20:00	to get to plant roots and so
00:46:20:00	00:46:23:00	that They can provide a really
00:46:23:00	00:46:24:00	nice system specially for
00:46:24:00	00:46:27:00	annual Garden garden crops even
00:46:27:00	00:46:33:00	even perennial Vegetable crops
00:46:33:00	00:46:34:00	And they eat lots of organic
00:46:34:00	00:46:35:00	matter we talked about and I
00:46:35:00	00:46:37:00	mentioned Earlier that those
00:46:37:00	00:46:37:00	casting their instrument are
00:46:37:00	00:46:40:00	really high in nutrients And so
00:46:40:00	00:46:41:00	that can be really beneficial.
00:46:41:00	00:46:44:00	>> You can buy earthworm
00:46:44:00	00:46:45:00	Castings for as as nutrients to
00:46:45:00	00:46:50:00	help Enrich the soil And
00:46:50:00	00:46:51:00	because they're they're found
00:46:51:00	00:46:52:00	with that they have a lot of
00:46:52:00	00:46:55:00	these Nutrient plant nutrients.
00:46:55:00	00:46:58:00	>> However jumping Worms behave
00:46:58:00	00:47:01:00	much differently and you know,
00:47:01:00	00:47:02:00	one of the ways that they
00:47:02:00	00:47:03:00	behave differently is that
00:47:03:00	00:47:05:00	remember they only do Their
00:47:05:00	00:47:07:00	work in the top inch of soil
00:47:07:00	00:47:09:00	plus The leaf litter.
00:47:09:00	00:47:10:00	>> So they're not they're not
00:47:10:00	00:47:13:00	going down In the soil.
00:47:13:00	00:47:14:00	They're not effective at erode
00:47:14:00	00:47:19:00	in the soil or mixing Profile.
00:47:19:00	00:47:19:00	They're not effective at
00:47:19:00	00:47:20:00	providing more infiltration to
00:47:20:00	00:47:23:00	that root system And in fact
00:47:23:00	00:47:26:00	they may create too Much
00:47:26:00	00:47:27:00	support poor space in that
00:47:27:00	00:47:28:00	upper layer of soil.
00:47:28:00	00:47:30:00	Remember though, those castings
00:47:30:00	00:47:31:00	that we talked about are really
00:47:31:00	00:47:34:00	loose And so they're not
00:47:34:00	00:47:37:00	holding much, much Moisture and
00:47:37:00	00:47:38:00	so they can actually have
00:47:38:00	00:47:41:00	the opposite Effect that can
00:47:41:00	00:47:42:00	dry out the soil partially on
00:47:42:00	00:47:45:00	the top which can be it Can be
00:47:45:00	00:47:47:00	a problem for annual species or
00:47:47:00	00:47:48:00	Seedlings and then suddenly we
00:47:48:00	00:47:52:00	can create a really Topsoil
00:47:52:00	00:47:52:00	which is also how the inaudible
00:47:52:00	00:47:53:00	if you think about coffee
00:47:53:00	00:47:55:00	ground On the landscape you get
00:47:55:00	00:47:56:00	heavy rain and if you're if
00:47:56:00	00:47:59:00	you're on any sort  which we've
00:47:59:00	00:48:00:00	seen at the arboretum you'll
00:48:00:00	00:48:06:00	lose That soil very quickly.
00:48:06:00	00:48:06:00	So again.
00:48:06:00	00:48:09:00	So maybe to Lose for plants to
00:48:09:00	00:48:09:00	establish.
00:48:09:00	00:48:11:00	>> I've heard lots of people
00:48:11:00	00:48:13:00	talk About even plants like
00:48:13:00	00:48:14:00	horses that are relatively
00:48:14:00	00:48:17:00	hardy They'd notice all
00:48:17:00	00:48:18:00	the sudden in the last couple
00:48:18:00	00:48:20:00	of years has Correlated with
00:48:20:00	00:48:21:00	what they found for dumping
00:48:21:00	00:48:22:00	worm that some of their horses
00:48:22:00	00:48:24:00	and other Hardy plants are
00:48:24:00	00:48:25:00	starting to kind of die back or
00:48:25:00	00:48:29:00	not Be as successful each year.
00:48:29:00	00:48:29:00	It could be something where it
00:48:29:00	00:48:31:00	could be from Any number of
00:48:31:00	00:48:32:00	things frankly.
00:48:32:00	00:48:34:00	But dumping wormed There is a
00:48:34:00	00:48:38:00	correlation there And what
00:48:38:00	00:48:39:00	we've found is that jumping
00:48:39:00	00:48:42:00	worms can they turn Over
00:48:42:00	00:48:43:00	the litter so quickly because
00:48:43:00	00:48:46:00	of their high abundance That
00:48:46:00	00:48:47:00	they can actually act like a
00:48:47:00	00:48:49:00	quick release fertilizer They
00:48:49:00	00:48:50:00	turn energy into a word.
00:48:50:00	00:48:53:00	They create new big They create
00:48:53:00	00:48:57:00	nutrients but it's often Too
00:48:57:00	00:48:58:00	too quick for plants to take up
00:48:58:00	00:49:00:00	and if we get a heavy rain,
00:49:00:00	00:49:01:00	those nutrients are lost from
00:49:01:00	00:49:01:00	the system.
00:49:01:00	00:49:02:00	They're either.
00:49:02:00	00:49:05:00	You Rotted away or again
00:49:05:00	00:49:06:00	they're only being produced in
00:49:06:00	00:49:09:00	the top layer Of that soil or
00:49:09:00	00:49:10:00	on top of the soil and so
00:49:10:00	00:49:13:00	they're not They're not being
00:49:13:00	00:49:15:00	distributed along that Soil
00:49:15:00	00:49:16:00	profile.
00:49:16:00	00:49:19:00	And one more thing to add Here
00:49:19:00	00:49:20:00	is that chopping worms are most
00:49:20:00	00:49:20:00	abundant.
00:49:20:00	00:49:24:00	Later In the summer.
00:49:24:00	00:49:27:00	OK, when when plant Necessarily
00:49:27:00	00:49:28:00	need more nutrients in their
00:49:28:00	00:49:30:00	root system actually perennial
00:49:30:00	00:49:31:00	Plants perennial plants need
00:49:31:00	00:49:35:00	that early spring Flush of
00:49:35:00	00:49:35:00	nutrients to germinate to
00:49:35:00	00:49:39:00	produce flowers, seed and
00:49:39:00	00:49:39:00	fruits.
00:49:39:00	00:49:40:00	They don't need it necessarily
00:49:40:00	00:49:42:00	later In the year when they're
00:49:42:00	00:49:43:00	thinking about over wintering
00:49:43:00	00:49:46:00	putting carbohydrates Back in
00:49:46:00	00:49:46:00	the roots.
00:49:46:00	00:49:47:00	But that's one jumping worms
00:49:47:00	00:49:47:00	are producing a lot of
00:49:47:00	00:49:50:00	nutrients and So they're
00:49:50:00	00:49:50:00	actually depleting the soil of
00:49:50:00	00:49:52:00	nutrients at that time of year
00:49:52:00	00:49:53:00	Washing that away which come
00:49:53:00	00:49:57:00	next spring will be A problem
00:49:57:00	00:49:58:00	for some of the plants that
00:49:58:00	00:50:01:00	nutrients Aren't available when
00:50:01:00	00:50:01:00	they need it the most.
00:50:01:00	00:50:04:00	And We've seen that they can
00:50:04:00	00:50:07:00	just destroy turf grass And
00:50:07:00	00:50:08:00	even eat plant roots at at high
00:50:08:00	00:50:09:00	abundance.
00:50:09:00	00:50:12:00	Now not All plant roots but
00:50:12:00	00:50:13:00	some of the grasses that we
00:50:13:00	00:50:15:00	have Turf grass being one of
00:50:15:00	00:50:16:00	them they can literally eat
00:50:16:00	00:50:19:00	the roots where You can just
00:50:19:00	00:50:22:00	take up a carpet of of lawn.
00:50:22:00	00:50:22:00	There's nothing there to hold
00:50:22:00	00:50:23:00	it anymore.
00:50:23:00	00:50:28:00	>> So How are they spreading?
00:50:28:00	00:50:29:00	>> One of the ways one of
00:50:29:00	00:50:30:00	the main ways is through
00:50:30:00	00:50:35:00	compost, compost, hardwood
00:50:35:00	00:50:36:00	Mulch.
00:50:36:00	00:50:36:00	>> OK.
00:50:36:00	00:50:40:00	So we've seen Here's here's
00:50:40:00	00:50:42:00	compost and primarily because
00:50:42:00	00:50:43:00	These are these are higher
00:50:43:00	00:50:47:00	organic matter sources and
00:50:47:00	00:50:47:00	They're distributed far and
00:50:47:00	00:50:48:00	wide from you know, buying a
00:50:48:00	00:50:51:00	bag of mulch Landscaping Mr.
00:50:51:00	00:50:54:00	Paladin landscaping Right of
00:50:54:00	00:50:55:00	ways for obvious reasons.
00:50:55:00	00:50:58:00	We all need Mulch for our
00:50:58:00	00:50:59:00	gardens to retain moisture.
00:50:59:00	00:51:02:00	But that's a Perfect habitat
00:51:02:00	00:51:03:00	perfect food source for these
00:51:03:00	00:51:06:00	particular earthworms.
00:51:06:00	00:51:07:00	You know when we rake our
00:51:07:00	00:51:10:00	leaves in the fall Many, many
00:51:10:00	00:51:11:00	capacities have a leaf
00:51:11:00	00:51:13:00	collection service where you
00:51:13:00	00:51:17:00	Rate them to your medium or
00:51:17:00	00:51:18:00	Median or the road they'll come
00:51:18:00	00:51:18:00	in and pick it up.
00:51:18:00	00:51:21:00	They will often Redistribute
00:51:21:00	00:51:22:00	throughout the city or provide
00:51:22:00	00:51:24:00	a central location or first
00:51:24:00	00:51:25:00	Common grab free mulch, bring
00:51:25:00	00:51:26:00	them, you know, spread far and
00:51:26:00	00:51:29:00	wide Cocoons could be in there
00:51:29:00	00:51:32:00	or it could be in their Again.
00:51:32:00	00:51:33:00	These are all these are all
00:51:33:00	00:51:35:00	just Potential mechanisms for
00:51:35:00	00:51:39:00	how they they could spread.
00:51:39:00	00:51:40:00	I think that plant sales sorry
00:51:40:00	00:51:46:00	to say And spend a lot of talk
00:51:46:00	00:51:47:00	About you know, if if no garden
00:51:47:00	00:51:50:00	clubs, other societies that
00:51:50:00	00:51:51:00	plants are really important
00:51:51:00	00:51:54:00	part of Raising raising funds
00:51:54:00	00:51:57:00	to continue their operations
00:51:57:00	00:51:58:00	And there are ways that plants
00:51:58:00	00:52:02:00	hills can can Still go on and I
00:52:02:00	00:52:02:00	think I always advocate that
00:52:02:00	00:52:05:00	plant cells Do go on because
00:52:05:00	00:52:06:00	they're there a great way for
00:52:06:00	00:52:09:00	people To do great socialising
00:52:09:00	00:52:09:00	event.
00:52:09:00	00:52:10:00	>> They're a great way to get
00:52:10:00	00:52:12:00	plants Relatively cheaply.
00:52:12:00	00:52:16:00	But one of the things I've done
00:52:16:00	00:52:17:00	at the I read and we have a
00:52:17:00	00:52:19:00	native plant sale is that we
00:52:19:00	00:52:20:00	Put restrictions on folks
00:52:20:00	00:52:20:00	bringing in plants from their
00:52:20:00	00:52:23:00	yard.
00:52:23:00	00:52:24:00	That's one of the ways I think
00:52:24:00	00:52:24:00	that they could spread through
00:52:24:00	00:52:27:00	plant Sharing and if you don't
00:52:27:00	00:52:28:00	know if you're jumping worms
00:52:28:00	00:52:31:00	and you Are digging up you know
00:52:31:00	00:52:32:00	what they're hostages or native
00:52:32:00	00:52:33:00	plants in the yard Bringing
00:52:33:00	00:52:34:00	them to a central location if
00:52:34:00	00:52:35:00	they're if they're infested
00:52:35:00	00:52:38:00	without you Knowing about them,
00:52:38:00	00:52:38:00	someone buys them and brings
00:52:38:00	00:52:41:00	them to Green County or Ross
00:52:41:00	00:52:42:00	County and that's just one way
00:52:42:00	00:52:43:00	that they could spread.
00:52:43:00	00:52:45:00	So There are so for us we've
00:52:45:00	00:52:46:00	we've kind of stopped that
00:52:46:00	00:52:48:00	practice and we just Purchased
00:52:48:00	00:52:49:00	them wholesale from nurseries
00:52:49:00	00:52:52:00	that we work with and that Know
00:52:52:00	00:52:55:00	about dumping worms and we've
00:52:55:00	00:52:56:00	And then I inspect them.
00:52:56:00	00:52:59:00	>> So now part of my job Here
00:52:59:00	00:53:00:00	is to educate folks like you
00:53:00:00	00:53:02:00	about what to look for and all
00:53:02:00	00:53:04:00	I do with these is look at this
00:53:04:00	00:53:04:00	whole surface.
00:53:04:00	00:53:06:00	Is it granular?
00:53:06:00	00:53:07:00	Is it intact?
00:53:07:00	00:53:08:00	If it's intact, that's the best
00:53:08:00	00:53:10:00	that We can do.
00:53:10:00	00:53:11:00	And it's likely that those are
00:53:11:00	00:53:12:00	going to be fine.
00:53:12:00	00:53:14:00	And I'll talk more about that
00:53:14:00	00:53:15:00	here in a moment.
00:53:15:00	00:53:16:00	But again, they're just
00:53:16:00	00:53:18:00	potential Ways that they could
00:53:18:00	00:53:18:00	be spread.
00:53:18:00	00:53:19:00	This is good habitat.
00:53:19:00	00:53:21:00	Greenhouse nursery, lots of
00:53:21:00	00:53:22:00	organic matter.
00:53:22:00	00:53:26:00	Their landscapes, companies
00:53:26:00	00:53:29:00	landscape herself Working in
00:53:29:00	00:53:29:00	managed areas.
00:53:29:00	00:53:33:00	Check your boots, check your
00:53:33:00	00:53:34:00	equipment, tires, that sort of
00:53:34:00	00:53:37:00	thing either General things for
00:53:37:00	00:53:40:00	all invasive species but That's
00:53:40:00	00:53:41:00	how she cocoons attach the soil
00:53:41:00	00:53:44:00	on the treadmill shoes Or
00:53:44:00	00:53:44:00	vehicles shovels that they can
00:53:44:00	00:53:48:00	spread that way.
00:53:48:00	00:53:49:00	>> This guy is spreading them
00:53:49:00	00:53:49:00	all over the place.
00:53:49:00	00:53:52:00	Fishing has always been a
00:53:52:00	00:53:55:00	source Of earthworms spread
00:53:55:00	00:53:56:00	generally and the DNR had had a
00:53:56:00	00:53:59:00	long Standing campaign to
00:53:59:00	00:54:00:00	discard your bait.
00:54:00:00	00:54:03:00	>> Don't don't just throw it in
00:54:03:00	00:54:04:00	The lake or in the forest.
00:54:04:00	00:54:06:00	That's all earthworm can
00:54:06:00	00:54:06:00	Spread.
00:54:06:00	00:54:07:00	Again it's illegal to be
00:54:07:00	00:54:10:00	selling Jumping worms in
00:54:10:00	00:54:11:00	the state but they are for
00:54:11:00	00:54:11:00	sale.
00:54:11:00	00:54:14:00	Other Places even online.
00:54:14:00	00:54:17:00	So again it's hard to Regulate
00:54:17:00	00:54:18:00	all this.
00:54:18:00	00:54:21:00	>> I'm going to skip This a
00:54:21:00	00:54:22:00	little bit here but just talk
00:54:22:00	00:54:23:00	about we did we did a survey in
00:54:23:00	00:54:25:00	the city of Madison.
00:54:25:00	00:54:26:00	We really wanted to know where
00:54:26:00	00:54:29:00	we're jumping, where was found
00:54:29:00	00:54:29:00	.
00:54:29:00	00:54:30:00	Where were they not found?
00:54:30:00	00:54:31:00	And so what we came up with
00:54:31:00	00:54:32:00	what we found was that When we
00:54:32:00	00:54:33:00	surveyed 100 hundred of
00:54:33:00	00:54:36:00	habitats from prairies,
00:54:36:00	00:54:37:00	woodlands, people's yards they
00:54:37:00	00:54:40:00	had Gardens and turf grass and
00:54:40:00	00:54:43:00	then just city parks They had
00:54:43:00	00:54:44:00	lawns and we found was that
00:54:44:00	00:54:47:00	they weren't were found in All
00:54:47:00	00:54:48:00	the habitats except for
00:54:48:00	00:54:48:00	prairies.
00:54:48:00	00:54:50:00	So I mentioned grasslands.
00:54:50:00	00:54:51:00	Think of a period of grassland.
00:54:51:00	00:54:55:00	They're not found So far in in
00:54:55:00	00:54:58:00	like a Prairie system with
00:54:58:00	00:55:02:00	native plants Doesn't mean that
00:55:02:00	00:55:02:00	they couldn't survive there.
00:55:02:00	00:55:03:00	They're just they're just not
00:55:03:00	00:55:03:00	found there yet.
00:55:03:00	00:55:05:00	>> But Finding gardens and
00:55:05:00	00:55:08:00	lawns especially gardens having
00:55:08:00	00:55:09:00	Treated with wood mulch which
00:55:09:00	00:55:12:00	is most of our gardens And and
00:55:12:00	00:55:16:00	so that again that's just It's
00:55:16:00	00:55:17:00	a correlation that don't mean
00:55:17:00	00:55:19:00	worms like the kind of habitat
00:55:19:00	00:55:20:00	And then this is where we found
00:55:20:00	00:55:21:00	this new species of earthworms
00:55:21:00	00:55:24:00	this Larger than the Meadow
00:55:24:00	00:55:24:00	fire.
00:55:24:00	00:55:26:00	One.
00:55:26:00	00:55:27:00	>> All right.
00:55:27:00	00:55:28:00	So let's get into what we what
00:55:28:00	00:55:31:00	can we do in the last Five, six
00:55:31:00	00:55:31:00	minutes here?
00:55:31:00	00:55:32:00	>> No, actually I've got more
00:55:32:00	00:55:34:00	time.
00:55:34:00	00:55:38:00	So with the DNR We've we've
00:55:38:00	00:55:39:00	brought up we've talked about,
00:55:39:00	00:55:41:00	you know, what can we share
00:55:41:00	00:55:42:00	With the public about what
00:55:42:00	00:55:43:00	actions we can take to actually
00:55:43:00	00:55:46:00	mitigate the spread Or get rid
00:55:46:00	00:55:50:00	of these earthworms altogether
00:55:50:00	00:55:51:00	.
00:55:51:00	00:55:51:00	And when we started this about
00:55:51:00	00:55:52:00	six years ago, there Wasn't
00:55:52:00	00:55:53:00	much data on really basic
00:55:53:00	00:55:57:00	biology and Ecology questions
00:55:57:00	00:55:57:00	about this particular family of
00:55:57:00	00:56:00:00	earthworms.
00:56:00:00	00:56:01:00	We know a little bit more now
00:56:01:00	00:56:04:00	but there's a lot more that We
00:56:04:00	00:56:04:00	don't know and it's hard to
00:56:04:00	00:56:07:00	come up with Management
00:56:07:00	00:56:08:00	strategies if you're still
00:56:08:00	00:56:10:00	learning about the biology of
00:56:10:00	00:56:11:00	the Particular earthworm.
00:56:11:00	00:56:15:00	>> So like most things need for
00:56:15:00	00:56:17:00	knowledge and the need for
00:56:17:00	00:56:18:00	Actionable control items is
00:56:18:00	00:56:22:00	outpacing the research.
00:56:22:00	00:56:23:00	That's just how these things
00:56:23:00	00:56:23:00	go.
00:56:23:00	00:56:24:00	And so we're trying to catch up
00:56:24:00	00:56:25:00	but we do have some We do have
00:56:25:00	00:56:28:00	some practices that we we are
00:56:28:00	00:56:29:00	Sharing that really goes for a
00:56:29:00	00:56:33:00	lot of invasive Species.
00:56:33:00	00:56:34:00	But a couple of these are
00:56:34:00	00:56:37:00	specific to jumping worms.
00:56:37:00	00:56:40:00	>> First of all, just Look for
00:56:40:00	00:56:40:00	them.
00:56:40:00	00:56:41:00	They understand what they are
00:56:41:00	00:56:44:00	and being in this session Is
00:56:44:00	00:56:44:00	the first step of educating
00:56:44:00	00:56:48:00	yourself about what What I mean
00:56:48:00	00:56:49:00	worms are and then look for
00:56:49:00	00:56:49:00	signs of their presence.
00:56:49:00	00:56:52:00	So Look for those casting
00:56:52:00	00:56:52:00	layers in the soil looking
00:56:52:00	00:56:52:00	different here.
00:56:52:00	00:56:54:00	Some Going on here.
00:56:54:00	00:56:58:00	It's not right.
00:56:58:00	00:56:59:00	Look for jumping worms
00:56:59:00	00:57:01:00	themselves especially During
00:57:01:00	00:57:02:00	the growing season like there
00:57:02:00	00:57:02:00	right at the surface.
00:57:02:00	00:57:05:00	So if it's been if You've had a
00:57:05:00	00:57:06:00	if we've had sort of an average
00:57:06:00	00:57:09:00	moisture year, they're not
00:57:09:00	00:57:10:00	Going to be going down too far
00:57:10:00	00:57:10:00	because they're can be happy in
00:57:10:00	00:57:12:00	that in that litter Layer or
00:57:12:00	00:57:16:00	that organic matter layer.
00:57:16:00	00:57:17:00	Again, educate yourself on what
00:57:17:00	00:57:17:00	to look for.
00:57:17:00	00:57:22:00	This is A good first step And
00:57:22:00	00:57:23:00	this way you can also educate
00:57:23:00	00:57:26:00	your friends and neighbors As
00:57:26:00	00:57:26:00	well.
00:57:26:00	00:57:29:00	Some of these might Sound
00:57:29:00	00:57:30:00	challenging to do this.
00:57:30:00	00:57:33:00	This one here Only use cell
00:57:33:00	00:57:34:00	plant purchased trade
00:57:34:00	00:57:37:00	landscaping Garden materials
00:57:37:00	00:57:38:00	and plant that appear to be
00:57:38:00	00:57:38:00	free of dumping worms.
00:57:38:00	00:57:41:00	Well How do you do that in
00:57:41:00	00:57:41:00	the real world?
00:57:41:00	00:57:45:00	Well it's not always possible.
00:57:45:00	00:57:49:00	We admit but When you one way
00:57:49:00	00:57:49:00	that you can think about this
00:57:49:00	00:57:52:00	is if You're going to a nursery
00:57:52:00	00:57:52:00	for example, when you're
00:57:52:00	00:57:55:00	looking at potted plants You
00:57:55:00	00:57:56:00	can ask them.
00:57:56:00	00:57:58:00	So nurseries Landscaping
00:57:58:00	00:57:59:00	company here in Wisconsin
00:57:59:00	00:58:02:00	especially they Know a lot
00:58:02:00	00:58:03:00	about jumping worms if you've
00:58:03:00	00:58:05:00	never heard of them before.
00:58:05:00	00:58:06:00	That's a problem.
00:58:06:00	00:58:10:00	>> And so It's in their best
00:58:10:00	00:58:10:00	interests.
00:58:10:00	00:58:11:00	And then again like we
00:58:11:00	00:58:13:00	developed these Guidelines with
00:58:13:00	00:58:14:00	the greening industry and so
00:58:14:00	00:58:17:00	they're There they're there at
00:58:17:00	00:58:17:00	the table.
00:58:17:00	00:58:18:00	They're very interested in not
00:58:18:00	00:58:21:00	having them In their products.
00:58:21:00	00:58:24:00	And so just asking asking A
00:58:24:00	00:58:25:00	question do you know about
00:58:25:00	00:58:25:00	them?
00:58:25:00	00:58:28:00	Do you have them And they
00:58:28:00	00:58:29:00	should be able to provide an
00:58:29:00	00:58:29:00	answer.
00:58:29:00	00:58:32:00	Again, look, if you're buying
00:58:32:00	00:58:33:00	potted plants, just look at
00:58:33:00	00:58:33:00	the plants, look healthy.
00:58:33:00	00:58:36:00	Look at the soil Intact or is
00:58:36:00	00:58:36:00	it really loose and granular?
00:58:36:00	00:58:40:00	Those Are some things that you
00:58:40:00	00:58:42:00	can do to release Reduce
00:58:42:00	00:58:43:00	the impact that you might be
00:58:43:00	00:58:45:00	purchasing something that isn't
00:58:45:00	00:58:50:00	Infested And then again only
00:58:50:00	00:58:53:00	sell Purchase or trade compost
00:58:53:00	00:58:54:00	that was heated to appropriate
00:58:54:00	00:58:57:00	temperatures And duration
00:58:57:00	00:58:57:00	following these protocols
00:58:57:00	00:58:57:00	again.
00:58:57:00	00:58:58:00	That almost seems more
00:58:58:00	00:58:58:00	difficult.
00:58:58:00	00:59:01:00	How Do you know that?
00:59:01:00	00:59:03:00	Well, so in Wisconsin and
00:59:03:00	00:59:04:00	Actually over thirty five or
00:59:04:00	00:59:08:00	six states in The country they
00:59:08:00	00:59:09:00	have the exact same compost
00:59:09:00	00:59:11:00	standard.
00:59:11:00	00:59:12:00	So if you're a commercial
00:59:12:00	00:59:14:00	compost here in Wisconsin You
00:59:14:00	00:59:15:00	have you are required to heat
00:59:15:00	00:59:19:00	your compost piles To a certain
00:59:19:00	00:59:20:00	temperature for a certain
00:59:20:00	00:59:20:00	amount of time.
00:59:20:00	00:59:23:00	OK.
00:59:23:00	00:59:24:00	And that is to reduce
00:59:24:00	00:59:26:00	the probability of Having
00:59:26:00	00:59:30:00	harmful pathogens and fungi in
00:59:30:00	00:59:30:00	In that compost.
00:59:30:00	00:59:34:00	We know now that some with Some
00:59:34:00	00:59:35:00	of the work that that I and my
00:59:35:00	00:59:35:00	colleagues have done at
00:59:35:00	00:59:38:00	the Arboretum Have shown that
00:59:38:00	00:59:39:00	the temperatures that that
00:59:39:00	00:59:42:00	the statute Are aiming for with
00:59:42:00	00:59:46:00	the Campos those centimeters
00:59:46:00	00:59:46:00	Will render the cocoons
00:59:46:00	00:59:49:00	non-viable So they'll kill
00:59:49:00	00:59:50:00	the earthworms quickly.
00:59:50:00	00:59:51:00	I'm talking about like one
00:59:51:00	00:59:53:00	hundred One degrees Fahrenheit.
00:59:53:00	00:59:56:00	That's what the standard is At
00:59:56:00	00:59:56:00	that temperature cocoons will
00:59:56:00	00:59:57:00	not survive.
00:59:57:00	01:00:00:00	The embryos Don't survive.
01:00:00:00	01:00:01:00	And so in theory if you're
01:00:01:00	01:00:04:00	buying compo That's been
01:00:04:00	01:00:05:00	produced by a commercial
01:00:05:00	01:00:07:00	compost or in Wisconsin In
01:00:07:00	01:00:08:00	theory though that should be
01:00:08:00	01:00:11:00	earthworm free And cocoon free.
01:00:11:00	01:00:15:00	Now there's a big caveat here
01:00:15:00	01:00:15:00	Is what happens from
01:00:15:00	01:00:18:00	the treatment pile To when it
01:00:18:00	01:00:19:00	gets bagged.
01:00:19:00	01:00:22:00	There's a whole process there
01:00:22:00	01:00:23:00	From backhoes picking it up,
01:00:23:00	01:00:26:00	bring it somewhere else, maybe
01:00:26:00	01:00:27:00	putting it down somewhere else
01:00:27:00	01:00:30:00	in the in in a factory Or a
01:00:30:00	01:00:31:00	warehouse or near sell all
01:00:31:00	01:00:33:00	sorts of ways that That compost
01:00:33:00	01:00:37:00	could be re Reinstated with
01:00:37:00	01:00:37:00	cocoons.
01:00:37:00	01:00:38:00	Again, that's something that we
01:00:38:00	01:00:42:00	can't You know we can't do
01:00:42:00	01:00:42:00	anything about.
01:00:42:00	01:00:45:00	But again, the green industry
01:00:45:00	01:00:48:00	is aware of this problem and
01:00:48:00	01:00:49:00	They definitely are trying to
01:00:49:00	01:00:49:00	do their part.
01:00:49:00	01:00:53:00	To to not do not have their
01:00:53:00	01:00:59:00	their Products infested and so
01:00:59:00	01:01:00:00	And again like if you're so if
01:01:00:00	01:01:01:00	you're if you're buying bad
01:01:01:00	01:01:04:00	compost From a company from
01:01:04:00	01:01:04:00	Wisconsin, I'd feel pretty good
01:01:04:00	01:01:06:00	about that.
01:01:06:00	01:01:07:00	>> The other thing that you can
01:01:07:00	01:01:11:00	do is produce Compost on your
01:01:11:00	01:01:11:00	site.
01:01:11:00	01:01:13:00	You know if you know Knowing
01:01:13:00	01:01:14:00	your knowing your your your
01:01:14:00	01:01:18:00	yard well if you have Them or
01:01:18:00	01:01:18:00	not if you can if you can
01:01:18:00	01:01:22:00	produce your own compost, keep
01:01:22:00	01:01:22:00	your leaf mulch onsite, reuse
01:01:22:00	01:01:26:00	your mold, then you know that
01:01:26:00	01:01:27:00	what you're putting down is is
01:01:27:00	01:01:29:00	free of these Of these
01:01:29:00	01:01:30:00	critters.
01:01:30:00	01:01:33:00	And I mentioned as well For any
01:01:33:00	01:01:36:00	invasive species this is a good
01:01:36:00	01:01:40:00	Best pasture practice arrive to
01:01:40:00	01:01:41:00	Your garden clean if you're
01:01:41:00	01:01:42:00	going to your friend's garden
01:01:42:00	01:01:44:00	to your community garden, make
01:01:44:00	01:01:44:00	sure your equipment is clean
01:01:44:00	01:01:45:00	when you leave.
01:01:45:00	01:01:48:00	Same thing cleaner To clean
01:01:48:00	01:01:48:00	your shoes.
01:01:48:00	01:01:48:00	Simple thing.
01:01:48:00	01:01:51:00	But these really Do have an
01:01:51:00	01:01:52:00	impact and it's the same
01:01:52:00	01:01:54:00	message for a garlic mustard
01:01:54:00	01:01:55:00	For all these other invasive
01:01:55:00	01:01:55:00	species.
01:01:55:00	01:01:56:00	Right.
01:01:56:00	01:01:59:00	Clean Leave clean.
01:01:59:00	01:02:02:00	So how do you How do you find
01:02:02:00	01:02:03:00	out if you have them in your
01:02:03:00	01:02:03:00	yard?
01:02:03:00	01:02:06:00	>> Well, now you are Experts on
01:02:06:00	01:02:07:00	jumping where my d and you can
01:02:07:00	01:02:09:00	tell You can look for casting
01:02:09:00	01:02:10:00	look for the actual earthworm.
01:02:10:00	01:02:13:00	You can Also do a quick and
01:02:13:00	01:02:16:00	inexpensive sampling This
01:02:16:00	01:02:16:00	coming summer.
01:02:16:00	01:02:20:00	>> There's a sampling called
01:02:20:00	01:02:20:00	Basically it's mustard.
01:02:20:00	01:02:21:00	It's using mustard a solution
01:02:21:00	01:02:24:00	to To sample earthworms from
01:02:24:00	01:02:24:00	from the soil.
01:02:24:00	01:02:27:00	This is Actually a research
01:02:27:00	01:02:31:00	method that's been used In
01:02:31:00	01:02:32:00	the scientific arena for a long
01:02:32:00	01:02:32:00	time.
01:02:32:00	01:02:34:00	It's been used by K12 teachers
01:02:34:00	01:02:35:00	to teach their kids about
01:02:35:00	01:02:38:00	earthworms.
01:02:38:00	01:02:38:00	It's really fun and
01:02:38:00	01:02:39:00	inexpensive.
01:02:39:00	01:02:42:00	So what it is is mixing a third
01:02:42:00	01:02:45:00	cup dry mustard powder With a
01:02:45:00	01:02:46:00	gallon of water and this is
01:02:46:00	01:02:47:00	mustard powder that you can buy
01:02:47:00	01:02:48:00	in Bulk.
01:02:48:00	01:02:49:00	>> I order it by the 10 pound
01:02:49:00	01:02:52:00	box from restaurant Wholesalers
01:02:52:00	01:02:52:00	.
01:02:52:00	01:02:53:00	>> I use a lot of it.
01:02:53:00	01:02:57:00	So really That had to be spicy.
01:02:57:00	01:02:58:00	Fancy D on mustard just your
01:02:58:00	01:03:00:00	typical Yellow mustard when you
01:03:00:00	01:03:01:00	get to an area of your yard
01:03:01:00	01:03:03:00	that you're Concerned about is
01:03:03:00	01:03:07:00	interested in remove as much
01:03:07:00	01:03:08:00	You can of that leaf layer to
01:03:08:00	01:03:11:00	get to just get to the Soil
01:03:11:00	01:03:12:00	surface pour half of
01:03:12:00	01:03:15:00	the solution To the solution
01:03:15:00	01:03:18:00	and again since these Birds
01:03:18:00	01:03:19:00	the jumping worms are at
01:03:19:00	01:03:19:00	the surface usually you're
01:03:19:00	01:03:22:00	gonna get them quick If they're
01:03:22:00	01:03:22:00	there.
01:03:22:00	01:03:23:00	Now also if you're interested
01:03:23:00	01:03:26:00	in earthworms, any earthworm
01:03:26:00	01:03:26:00	will react to this solution not
01:03:26:00	01:03:27:00	to talking worms.
01:03:27:00	01:03:30:00	>> So you can You can pour
01:03:30:00	01:03:30:00	the whole thing and let it
01:03:30:00	01:03:34:00	infiltrate Down into the lower
01:03:34:00	01:03:34:00	layers and you'll get deeper
01:03:34:00	01:03:37:00	water Deep dwelling earthworms
01:03:37:00	01:03:37:00	that will come to surface and
01:03:37:00	01:03:38:00	might take a minute but they'll
01:03:38:00	01:03:41:00	come Through there and then you
01:03:41:00	01:03:42:00	know, you can you can collect
01:03:42:00	01:03:44:00	them.
01:03:44:00	01:03:45:00	You can see how many you have
01:03:45:00	01:03:47:00	if you have something or not.
01:03:47:00	01:03:48:00	This is a great way a quick
01:03:48:00	01:03:52:00	intensive way To do this.
01:03:52:00	01:03:52:00	It's potentially a control as
01:03:52:00	01:03:55:00	well If you don't if you know
01:03:55:00	01:03:56:00	that you don't have them or
01:03:56:00	01:03:58:00	you're wondering about The area
01:03:58:00	01:04:02:00	if it's a small scale Even
01:04:02:00	01:04:03:00	the size of this table up here
01:04:03:00	01:04:06:00	or this podium, this is a way
01:04:06:00	01:04:07:00	that you could just physically
01:04:07:00	01:04:10:00	remove them from The soil if
01:04:10:00	01:04:10:00	you have a larger infestation.
01:04:10:00	01:04:13:00	>> This is not the Way to do
01:04:13:00	01:04:13:00	it.
01:04:13:00	01:04:14:00	You're gonna spend hours and
01:04:14:00	01:04:17:00	hours and days Quiet your
01:04:17:00	01:04:20:00	chiropractic bill from your
01:04:20:00	01:04:21:00	Back hurting will be extensive
01:04:21:00	01:04:25:00	but it's a way that You can at
01:04:25:00	01:04:26:00	least get a sense for what you
01:04:26:00	01:04:26:00	have in your soil and then
01:04:26:00	01:04:28:00	maybe Employ some other
01:04:28:00	01:04:28:00	mechanism we're talking about
01:04:28:00	01:04:29:00	here in a moment.
01:04:29:00	01:04:32:00	So here's An example of what
01:04:32:00	01:04:33:00	that soil poor looks like.
01:04:33:00	01:04:35:00	We've cleared away the areas
01:04:35:00	01:04:36:00	Now and again.
01:04:36:00	01:04:36:00	Let's go back.
01:04:36:00	01:04:40:00	We've cleared away some leaf
01:04:40:00	01:04:42:00	litter in one of our four At
01:04:42:00	01:04:46:00	the arboretum And I will get
01:04:46:00	01:04:50:00	this cursor back, I promise You
01:04:50:00	01:04:50:00	see it there.
01:04:50:00	01:04:51:00	All right.
01:04:51:00	01:04:53:00	Mm hmm.
01:04:53:00	01:04:59:00	This is this is good television
01:04:59:00	01:05:03:00	Ere we go.
01:05:03:00	01:05:07:00	OK, So we've missed that wave.
01:05:07:00	01:05:10:00	>> We've mixed this solution up
01:05:10:00	01:05:11:00	.
01:05:11:00	01:05:11:00	We're pouring it over the soil.
01:05:11:00	01:05:12:00	Now watch what happens quickly
01:05:12:00	01:05:21:00	here You see him There's a Feed
01:05:21:00	01:05:21:00	.
01:05:21:00	01:05:22:00	>> See the clue.
01:05:22:00	01:05:23:00	Tell him of those right away.
01:05:23:00	01:05:24:00	You know, are jumping worms.
01:05:24:00	01:05:25:00	They came fast and they were
01:05:25:00	01:05:25:00	dealt with that way.
01:05:25:00	01:05:28:00	Tell them Now what's happening
01:05:28:00	01:05:28:00	there.
01:05:28:00	01:05:29:00	Well, all it's happening is
01:05:29:00	01:05:31:00	that the mustard is irritating
01:05:31:00	01:05:32:00	Their skin.
01:05:32:00	01:05:33:00	Earthworms kind of breathe
01:05:33:00	01:05:35:00	through There in their skin.
01:05:35:00	01:05:36:00	There's lots of pores and their
01:05:36:00	01:05:40:00	skin And so think of it like
01:05:40:00	01:05:42:00	after a heavy rain you see
01:05:42:00	01:05:43:00	Earthworms kind of scattered
01:05:43:00	01:05:43:00	around the sidewalk.
01:05:43:00	01:05:46:00	It's sort of like that Where to
01:05:46:00	01:05:47:00	start of accelerating
01:05:47:00	01:05:47:00	the process or mixing a little
01:05:47:00	01:05:50:00	spice Their water and doesn't
01:05:50:00	01:05:51:00	hurt them.
01:05:51:00	01:05:51:00	>> It doesn't kill them.
01:05:51:00	01:05:55:00	Unfortunately It doesn't it
01:05:55:00	01:05:56:00	also doesn't hurt or hurt
01:05:56:00	01:05:56:00	the plant either.
01:05:56:00	01:05:58:00	So it's a benign way of testing
01:05:58:00	01:06:01:00	for if you have earthworms
01:06:01:00	01:06:01:00	Other critters like slugs also
01:06:01:00	01:06:04:00	don't like it so they'll come
01:06:04:00	01:06:05:00	Soft bodied whether they're
01:06:05:00	01:06:08:00	earthworms or Other potential
01:06:08:00	01:06:09:00	invertebrates may come to
01:06:09:00	01:06:09:00	the surface as well.
01:06:09:00	01:06:12:00	Doesn't hurt them but it is a
01:06:12:00	01:06:16:00	fast way To tell if you have
01:06:16:00	01:06:16:00	any earthworm actually jumping
01:06:16:00	01:06:19:00	worms.
01:06:19:00	01:06:22:00	>> So in terms of what else we
01:06:22:00	01:06:22:00	Can do.
01:06:22:00	01:06:23:00	So there are some potential
01:06:23:00	01:06:27:00	controls If we start with
01:06:27:00	01:06:27:00	chemical and physical control
01:06:27:00	01:06:29:00	some of you might have heard A
01:06:29:00	01:06:30:00	product called Early Bird.
01:06:30:00	01:06:31:00	>> It's been out there on
01:06:31:00	01:06:34:00	the market For quite a few
01:06:34:00	01:06:37:00	years and it is a fertilizer
01:06:37:00	01:06:37:00	First and foremost.
01:06:37:00	01:06:38:00	That's what the label is for.
01:06:38:00	01:06:41:00	It's an organic Fertilizer that
01:06:41:00	01:06:48:00	has this byproduct Of tea tree
01:06:48:00	01:06:49:00	T.S. tree and this is that this
01:06:49:00	01:06:53:00	is a Tree from China that is
01:06:53:00	01:06:56:00	high in this chemical Calls
01:06:56:00	01:06:57:00	the ponds which are really
01:06:57:00	01:07:00:00	common Plant compounds that are
01:07:00:00	01:07:03:00	used as a defense For plants
01:07:03:00	01:07:04:00	against or bravery from insects
01:07:04:00	01:07:08:00	and other fungi That might
01:07:08:00	01:07:08:00	attack them.
01:07:08:00	01:07:10:00	Most plants have these
01:07:10:00	01:07:11:00	The opponents some did have a
01:07:11:00	01:07:14:00	higher concentration of them
01:07:14:00	01:07:15:00	And these opponents have been
01:07:15:00	01:07:20:00	shown to be lethal In some In
01:07:20:00	01:07:21:00	some dosage to earthworms any
01:07:21:00	01:07:24:00	earthworm.
01:07:24:00	01:07:25:00	And so this practice has been
01:07:25:00	01:07:28:00	used for a long time In
01:07:28:00	01:07:28:00	the golf cart industry as a
01:07:28:00	01:07:31:00	fertilizer but also as An
01:07:31:00	01:07:36:00	earthworm earthworm aside If
01:07:36:00	01:07:36:00	you will, because golf part
01:07:36:00	01:07:37:00	managed managers do not like
01:07:37:00	01:07:40:00	earthworms That create these
01:07:40:00	01:07:40:00	little casting piled on their
01:07:40:00	01:07:42:00	greens or their fairways
01:07:42:00	01:07:43:00	Because that's not good for
01:07:43:00	01:07:43:00	golfing.
01:07:43:00	01:07:45:00	>> You know, you can't have a
01:07:45:00	01:07:47:00	bumpy fairway.
01:07:47:00	01:07:48:00	So there's been a little bit of
01:07:48:00	01:07:48:00	research looking at does it
01:07:48:00	01:07:48:00	work?
01:07:48:00	01:07:51:00	I'm jumping worms.
01:07:51:00	01:07:51:00	It does.
01:07:51:00	01:07:54:00	But there A lot of caveats here
01:07:54:00	01:07:55:00	and that's something that we're
01:07:55:00	01:07:58:00	researching now In our lab at
01:07:58:00	01:07:58:00	the arboretum.
01:07:58:00	01:08:01:00	One Thing that we don't know
01:08:01:00	01:08:02:00	about this this product is that
01:08:02:00	01:08:05:00	what does it do to Other
01:08:05:00	01:08:08:00	possibly beneficial soil biota
01:08:08:00	01:08:09:00	?
01:08:09:00	01:08:10:00	One study has shown that it
01:08:10:00	01:08:10:00	doesn't it doesn't really
01:08:10:00	01:08:13:00	impact Much in the way of some
01:08:13:00	01:08:13:00	of the common.
01:08:13:00	01:08:16:00	So biota like spring tails and
01:08:16:00	01:08:17:00	other species that you might
01:08:17:00	01:08:19:00	find But that's one study and
01:08:19:00	01:08:20:00	get a lot more to do.
01:08:20:00	01:08:24:00	So I don't recommend using this
01:08:24:00	01:08:27:00	as like a large scale Control.
01:08:27:00	01:08:30:00	But if you have this product
01:08:30:00	01:08:31:00	You could use it on a small
01:08:31:00	01:08:34:00	scale.
01:08:34:00	01:08:35:00	It comes in a granular form and
01:08:35:00	01:08:35:00	a liquid form.
01:08:35:00	01:08:38:00	Again, we're doing research
01:08:38:00	01:08:38:00	right now on the ratio in terms
01:08:38:00	01:08:41:00	of dosage.
01:08:41:00	01:08:42:00	It's very expensive to buy.
01:08:42:00	01:08:45:00	And before I go to two Father
01:08:45:00	01:08:45:00	the company recently had
01:08:45:00	01:08:49:00	discontinued manufacturing
01:08:49:00	01:08:52:00	Because of tariffs With China.
01:08:52:00	01:08:53:00	It's becoming very expensive to
01:08:53:00	01:08:56:00	bring in the products And it
01:08:56:00	01:08:57:00	was being this this youth was
01:08:57:00	01:09:00:00	kind of Off label use.
01:09:00:00	01:09:01:00	It's a first.
01:09:01:00	01:09:03:00	It's a fertilizer not A
01:09:03:00	01:09:04:00	vermouth.
01:09:04:00	01:09:07:00	>> I'm not not to decide.
01:09:07:00	01:09:08:00	So at the moment you can't you
01:09:08:00	01:09:11:00	can no longer purchase It now.
01:09:11:00	01:09:12:00	The only thing is that really
01:09:12:00	01:09:13:00	what we're looking at is
01:09:13:00	01:09:15:00	the same pontoons.
01:09:15:00	01:09:16:00	This was just part of
01:09:16:00	01:09:19:00	the vehicle to to put upon Into
01:09:19:00	01:09:19:00	the soil.
01:09:19:00	01:09:20:00	There is research happening now
01:09:20:00	01:09:23:00	on other Potential support and
01:09:23:00	01:09:26:00	sources like alfalfa and Some
01:09:26:00	01:09:27:00	of you might know some plants
01:09:27:00	01:09:30:00	that might be good good Ways
01:09:30:00	01:09:33:00	too of isolating These pollens
01:09:33:00	01:09:34:00	and putting them back in
01:09:34:00	01:09:35:00	the soil that might have
01:09:35:00	01:09:37:00	the exact same impact.
01:09:37:00	01:09:38:00	This is a very expensive
01:09:38:00	01:09:41:00	product to use and again lots
01:09:41:00	01:09:42:00	Nitrogen that you're putting
01:09:42:00	01:09:43:00	back in the soil that you may
01:09:43:00	01:09:43:00	or may not want.
01:09:43:00	01:09:49:00	So I think this still has
01:09:49:00	01:09:52:00	Potential control but It may
01:09:52:00	01:09:53:00	not be in the form of this
01:09:53:00	01:09:54:00	particular product.
01:09:54:00	01:09:54:00	>> So that's something that
01:09:54:00	01:09:56:00	we're working on to see now
01:09:56:00	01:09:57:00	That using these natural plant
01:09:57:00	01:09:59:00	defenses might be a way of
01:09:59:00	01:10:00:00	Reducing earthworm adult earth
01:10:00:00	01:10:04:00	from Abundance biochar
01:10:04:00	01:10:07:00	something that people may know
01:10:07:00	01:10:07:00	About.
01:10:07:00	01:10:08:00	It's a carbon amendment into
01:10:08:00	01:10:08:00	soil.
01:10:08:00	01:10:11:00	You can buy it in Nurseries and
01:10:11:00	01:10:15:00	plant stores And there's some
01:10:15:00	01:10:16:00	as you're out there that bio
01:10:16:00	01:10:18:00	char will reduce Earthworm
01:10:18:00	01:10:18:00	populations just through
01:10:18:00	01:10:22:00	the sharp Granular bio charter
01:10:22:00	01:10:23:00	that will kind of tear out
01:10:23:00	01:10:26:00	the earthworms Inside when they
01:10:26:00	01:10:26:00	consume it.
01:10:26:00	01:10:30:00	It It may or may not work for
01:10:30:00	01:10:33:00	jumping worms, chopping worms
01:10:33:00	01:10:34:00	and all other earthworms can
01:10:34:00	01:10:37:00	avoid bio Char by just moving
01:10:37:00	01:10:40:00	moving laterally If it's mixed
01:10:40:00	01:10:41:00	in to the soil.
01:10:41:00	01:10:44:00	>> They may not be able to
01:10:44:00	01:10:46:00	escape it as well but there's
01:10:46:00	01:10:47:00	Not a lot of research right now
01:10:47:00	01:10:48:00	on bio char with dumping worms.
01:10:48:00	01:10:51:00	So When I give these talks a
01:10:51:00	01:10:55:00	kind of a kind of ath Ask for
01:10:55:00	01:10:56:00	folks to try some of these
01:10:56:00	01:10:58:00	products on their own Garden
01:10:58:00	01:11:02:00	system or back 40 where My head
01:11:02:00	01:11:03:00	chopping worms and let me know
01:11:03:00	01:11:03:00	if they work you know there's
01:11:03:00	01:11:06:00	not enough Researcher doing
01:11:06:00	01:11:06:00	this work.
01:11:06:00	01:11:08:00	>> There's a lot more you
01:11:08:00	01:11:09:00	People gardening and applying
01:11:09:00	01:11:10:00	some things and trying
01:11:10:00	01:11:13:00	different things To get rid of
01:11:13:00	01:11:14:00	jumping worms and we can really
01:11:14:00	01:11:16:00	learn from you from each other
01:11:16:00	01:11:17:00	.
01:11:17:00	01:11:20:00	I mentioned One of the things
01:11:20:00	01:11:21:00	that we're working on in our
01:11:21:00	01:11:24:00	lab is is heat and I mentioned
01:11:24:00	01:11:24:00	that compost heated.
01:11:24:00	01:11:25:00	One hundred and thirty three
01:11:25:00	01:11:28:00	degrees and 31 degrees Will
01:11:28:00	01:11:29:00	work even lower temperatures at
01:11:29:00	01:11:31:00	104 degrees Fahrenheit will
01:11:31:00	01:11:35:00	kill earthworms will kill their
01:11:35:00	01:11:35:00	Cocoons.
01:11:35:00	01:11:39:00	>> Now We know that these
01:11:39:00	01:11:40:00	composers are heating it to
01:11:40:00	01:11:42:00	well Above that.
01:11:42:00	01:11:43:00	So we've already established
01:11:43:00	01:11:46:00	that that that will work And I
01:11:46:00	01:11:47:00	think it's three days I think
01:11:47:00	01:11:50:00	is actually more Than enough I
01:11:50:00	01:11:51:00	think maybe for a four or five
01:11:51:00	01:11:54:00	hours Would probably be enough.
01:11:54:00	01:11:54:00	We haven't studied that but I
01:11:54:00	01:11:57:00	think a much shorter Time span
01:11:57:00	01:11:58:00	could be needed.
01:11:58:00	01:12:02:00	So question is how do you apply
01:12:02:00	01:12:05:00	heat to your Garden on any
01:12:05:00	01:12:05:00	scale?
01:12:05:00	01:12:08:00	I Recommend fire.
01:12:08:00	01:12:09:00	But we know that fire will work
01:12:09:00	01:12:12:00	if you're managing Your
01:12:12:00	01:12:13:00	savanna, for instance or your
01:12:13:00	01:12:16:00	forest prescribed fire.
01:12:16:00	01:12:17:00	Interestingly did not have an
01:12:17:00	01:12:19:00	impact On the adult earthworms
01:12:19:00	01:12:21:00	because they can go down in
01:12:21:00	01:12:23:00	the soil.
01:12:23:00	01:12:24:00	So the very good heat buffer
01:12:24:00	01:12:27:00	but the cocoons Can't move.
01:12:27:00	01:12:28:00	The cocoons are what we're
01:12:28:00	01:12:30:00	focused on right now.
01:12:30:00	01:12:31:00	They're not able to move there.
01:12:31:00	01:12:35:00	They They did see a significant
01:12:35:00	01:12:38:00	reduction in And their ability
01:12:38:00	01:12:39:00	to produce earthworms after
01:12:39:00	01:12:42:00	just Really low a low creeping
01:12:42:00	01:12:46:00	fire And we found that with one
01:12:46:00	01:12:47:00	hundred and four degrees
01:12:47:00	01:12:47:00	Fahrenheit.
01:12:47:00	01:12:50:00	>> So Other ways of applying
01:12:50:00	01:12:53:00	heat in your yard Were thinking
01:12:53:00	01:12:54:00	about things like polarisation.
01:12:54:00	01:12:58:00	So putting down A clear plastic
01:12:58:00	01:12:58:00	over some areas of your garden
01:12:58:00	01:13:02:00	before The spring if you're
01:13:02:00	01:13:02:00	selling with this really work,
01:13:02:00	01:13:05:00	if you have the right Sort of
01:13:05:00	01:13:06:00	garden without a lot a lot of
01:13:06:00	01:13:08:00	shade maybe good Fitting sun
01:13:08:00	01:13:12:00	but it can heat up fast Used
01:13:12:00	01:13:13:00	clear plastic instead of black
01:13:13:00	01:13:16:00	plastic It actually heats up
01:13:16:00	01:13:20:00	more and You just do the that
01:13:20:00	01:13:21:00	we're kind of interested in
01:13:21:00	01:13:23:00	experimenting does it Does it
01:13:23:00	01:13:24:00	kill the cocoons and do you see
01:13:24:00	01:13:29:00	them in that Area the next year
01:13:29:00	01:13:30:00	We've talked about using
01:13:30:00	01:13:34:00	propane torches Finding a way
01:13:34:00	01:13:38:00	to steam sterilize Parts of
01:13:38:00	01:13:38:00	your yard.
01:13:38:00	01:13:41:00	>> Again, these all have Other
01:13:41:00	01:13:44:00	impacts to the soil biota right
01:13:44:00	01:13:45:00	.
01:13:45:00	01:13:46:00	But we know that this will work
01:13:46:00	01:13:48:00	for Jumping work because
01:13:48:00	01:13:48:00	they're at the surface.
01:13:48:00	01:13:51:00	>> It doesn't take a long
01:13:51:00	01:13:52:00	Amount of time to apply that
01:13:52:00	01:13:55:00	heat and Impact earthworms and
01:13:55:00	01:13:55:00	cocoons.
01:13:55:00	01:13:59:00	We know that heat will deal
01:13:59:00	01:13:59:00	Cocooned nuts.
01:13:59:00	01:14:00:00	>> That's the important thing.
01:14:00:00	01:14:01:00	And I think that's what we're
01:14:01:00	01:14:03:00	talking In terms of spreading
01:14:03:00	01:14:04:00	these things really easily
01:14:04:00	01:14:04:00	through cut through cut through
01:14:04:00	01:14:07:00	cocoons And other things to do
01:14:07:00	01:14:10:00	outside of heat would be Think
01:14:10:00	01:14:10:00	about either reducing your
01:14:10:00	01:14:14:00	mulch Again.
01:14:14:00	01:14:15:00	>> That's not always possible
01:14:15:00	01:14:18:00	and I understand that But
01:14:18:00	01:14:19:00	the mulch is the food source
01:14:19:00	01:14:21:00	for This invasive species.
01:14:21:00	01:14:25:00	So the more you apply
01:14:25:00	01:14:25:00	The larger the buffet for your
01:14:25:00	01:14:26:00	earthworms and you're not going
01:14:26:00	01:14:29:00	to go anywhere There if they're
01:14:29:00	01:14:32:00	being given given soil With
01:14:32:00	01:14:36:00	high it do What you can to
01:14:36:00	01:14:39:00	purchase your products from
01:14:39:00	01:14:40:00	Reputable sources if you don't
01:14:40:00	01:14:43:00	have them in your yard And
01:14:43:00	01:14:44:00	you've been buying mulch and
01:14:44:00	01:14:47:00	compost Products from a certain
01:14:47:00	01:14:49:00	nursery or store Keep doing
01:14:49:00	01:14:53:00	that.
01:14:53:00	01:14:54:00	>> Ask the questions to two
01:14:54:00	01:14:57:00	nurseries about something erm
01:14:57:00	01:14:57:00	They should know about them
01:14:57:00	01:14:58:00	think about other more sources
01:14:58:00	01:15:00:00	maybe there's things We can do
01:15:00:00	01:15:04:00	with pine needles hay native
01:15:04:00	01:15:05:00	Grass malls or some native
01:15:05:00	01:15:08:00	companies that sell Big blue
01:15:08:00	01:15:09:00	sell mulch again some of these
01:15:09:00	01:15:12:00	will have will Change your P H
01:15:12:00	01:15:15:00	probably but experimenting with
01:15:15:00	01:15:16:00	This excuse me in parts of your
01:15:16:00	01:15:19:00	garden at first To see what
01:15:19:00	01:15:19:00	kind of impact that that might
01:15:19:00	01:15:22:00	have grass Is much much
01:15:22:00	01:15:26:00	different organic matter source
01:15:26:00	01:15:27:00	Type than leaf do leads break
01:15:27:00	01:15:30:00	down really Quickly so it's
01:15:30:00	01:15:31:00	easier for them earthworms to
01:15:31:00	01:15:33:00	take that up versus other Types
01:15:33:00	01:15:34:00	of organic matter that I
01:15:34:00	01:15:35:00	mentioned this experiment with
01:15:35:00	01:15:37:00	application Turns fluoridation
01:15:37:00	01:15:41:00	steam tart and at the And I'll
01:15:41:00	01:15:42:00	be available for questions here
01:15:42:00	01:15:42:00	as well outside.
01:15:42:00	01:15:45:00	We'll talk More about that if
01:15:45:00	01:15:45:00	you're interested.
01:15:45:00	01:15:48:00	There are place places to Find
01:15:48:00	01:15:49:00	more information.
01:15:49:00	01:15:50:00	The DNR has a Web site now
01:15:50:00	01:15:52:00	dedicated to jumping worms
01:15:52:00	01:15:52:00	Hungry.
01:15:52:00	01:15:53:00	Information on there that we
01:15:53:00	01:15:56:00	try to keep up to date Our Web
01:15:56:00	01:15:56:00	site at the university
01:15:56:00	01:16:01:00	Princeton Madison Arboretum,
01:16:01:00	01:16:01:00	the Great Lakes Worm Watch has
01:16:01:00	01:16:03:00	a lot of information about
01:16:03:00	01:16:04:00	Earthworms in general has
01:16:04:00	01:16:07:00	the recipe for that mustard
01:16:07:00	01:16:07:00	Paw.
01:16:07:00	01:16:08:00	You can see more information
01:16:08:00	01:16:11:00	about that on that Web Site and
01:16:11:00	01:16:14:00	then of course I'm available To
01:16:14:00	01:16:15:00	give talks to groups or just
01:16:15:00	01:16:19:00	phone call that Sort of thing.
01:16:19:00	01:16:20:00	So a lot of information right
01:16:20:00	01:16:22:00	on time here And if there's
01:16:22:00	01:16:22:00	questions I'm happy to address
01:16:22:00	01:16:23:00	them.
01:16:23:00	01:16:39:00	Thank Very much As Yeah.
01:16:39:00	01:16:43:00	>> So for those of you who want
01:16:43:00	01:16:45:00	to stay in and asking questions
01:16:45:00	01:16:46:00	, I'll repeat the question.
01:16:46:00	01:16:47:00	The question here about about
01:16:47:00	01:16:50:00	Leaf Mountain Is it OK to
01:16:50:00	01:16:51:00	continue to learn to use Leaf
01:16:51:00	01:16:51:00	Mount?
01:16:51:00	01:16:52:00	The answer is yes.
01:16:52:00	01:16:54:00	If you know that it's free or
01:16:54:00	01:16:55:00	jumping worms.
01:16:55:00	01:16:58:00	So That's why I said if you can
01:16:58:00	01:16:58:00	use leaf mulch from your yard
01:16:58:00	01:17:01:00	that's The best.
01:17:01:00	01:17:02:00	Now if you already have jumping
01:17:02:00	01:17:05:00	worms on Your yard and they're
01:17:05:00	01:17:06:00	everywhere using infested leaf
01:17:06:00	01:17:08:00	mulch is not going Make it
01:17:08:00	01:17:08:00	worse.
01:17:08:00	01:17:12:00	Believe mountain probably One
01:17:12:00	01:17:13:00	of the top organic matter
01:17:13:00	01:17:16:00	sources that earthworms Love.
01:17:16:00	01:17:20:00	So if you're not sure If it's
01:17:20:00	01:17:24:00	infested and you don't want to
01:17:24:00	01:17:25:00	Add jumping worms to your sweet
01:17:25:00	01:17:27:00	of of Gardening.
01:17:27:00	01:17:28:00	>> I would not I would not take
01:17:28:00	01:17:30:00	leaf miles from other Sources
01:17:30:00	01:17:36:00	and bring it on.
01:17:36:00	01:17:36:00	>> Yeah.
01:17:36:00	01:17:40:00	Right.
01:17:40:00	01:17:41:00	>> The question was are jumping
01:17:41:00	01:17:44:00	worms moving into Heard a
01:17:44:00	01:17:44:00	commercial egg?
01:17:44:00	01:17:46:00	And the question is we don't we
01:17:46:00	01:17:48:00	don't think So yet.
01:17:48:00	01:17:49:00	I have no reports from from
01:17:49:00	01:17:51:00	farmers or others that, you
01:17:51:00	01:17:52:00	know, row crop egg is seeing
01:17:52:00	01:17:55:00	dumping worms.
01:17:55:00	01:17:56:00	It's likely not a very good
01:17:56:00	01:17:59:00	habitat for them because A lot
01:17:59:00	01:18:00:00	of it is, you know, their
01:18:00:00	01:18:02:00	annual crops with Very little
01:18:02:00	01:18:03:00	organic matter that staying on
01:18:03:00	01:18:06:00	the surface it's tilled every
01:18:06:00	01:18:07:00	Year there's herbicide applied.
01:18:07:00	01:18:11:00	>> So it does mean that that
01:18:11:00	01:18:11:00	they couldn't be there though.
01:18:11:00	01:18:13:00	But we haven't had any Reports.
01:18:13:00	01:18:14:00	We also haven't surveyed though
01:18:14:00	01:18:14:00	either.
01:18:14:00	01:18:18:00	So I think that's That it is it
01:18:18:00	01:18:20:00	is actually a good avenue for
01:18:20:00	01:18:20:00	Funding.
01:18:20:00	01:18:21:00	And so I think incorporating a
01:18:21:00	01:18:22:00	question about we're going to
01:18:22:00	01:18:25:00	look At these ag fields and
01:18:25:00	01:18:28:00	then other question Can be more
01:18:28:00	01:18:29:00	applied to two gardens and that
01:18:29:00	01:18:30:00	kind of thing is a good Way to
01:18:30:00	01:18:44:00	go.
01:18:44:00	01:18:45:00	All right.
01:18:45:00	01:18:48:00	Yeah.
01:18:48:00	01:18:49:00	So the question is how long do
01:18:49:00	01:18:52:00	they live Which I didn't really
01:18:52:00	01:18:53:00	address but they are annual
01:18:53:00	01:18:53:00	species.
01:18:53:00	01:18:54:00	>> So in theory they only Live
01:18:54:00	01:18:57:00	one year.
01:18:57:00	01:18:58:00	>> They potentially have two
01:18:58:00	01:19:01:00	generations per year.
01:19:01:00	01:19:03:00	>> So it takes them 70 days to
01:19:03:00	01:19:06:00	become from Egg to an adult
01:19:06:00	01:19:06:00	that can produce their own.
01:19:06:00	01:19:09:00	And so If we're talking about
01:19:09:00	01:19:12:00	hatching in late April then
01:19:12:00	01:19:13:00	Middle July they're producing
01:19:13:00	01:19:17:00	their own cocoons now And so
01:19:17:00	01:19:17:00	July, August, September,
01:19:17:00	01:19:20:00	October they Still that new
01:19:20:00	01:19:21:00	generation could be producing
01:19:21:00	01:19:23:00	cocoons again.
01:19:23:00	01:19:24:00	So.
01:19:24:00	01:19:28:00	But they're all Going to
01:19:28:00	01:19:32:00	they're all going to be None of
01:19:32:00	01:19:32:00	the adults of winter.
01:19:32:00	01:19:34:00	That's what I'm saying in A
01:19:34:00	01:19:35:00	normal winter season.
01:19:35:00	01:19:42:00	Know So when's the best time to
01:19:42:00	01:19:45:00	apply that mustard powder?
01:19:45:00	01:19:46:00	>> So if you're jumping worms,
01:19:46:00	01:19:49:00	I would say You know, it
01:19:49:00	01:19:50:00	depends on the year but late
01:19:50:00	01:19:53:00	June Mid you know, mid to mid
01:19:53:00	01:19:56:00	June to mid July that's When
01:19:56:00	01:19:57:00	you're gonna be able to see
01:19:57:00	01:19:57:00	them when they're getting close
01:19:57:00	01:19:58:00	to being adults and you can
01:19:58:00	01:20:03:00	actually see What you have.
01:20:03:00	01:20:03:00	>> Probably not.
01:20:03:00	01:20:03:00	Yeah.
01:20:03:00	01:20:05:00	I mean it all depends on
01:20:05:00	01:20:06:00	the year Though, right?
01:20:06:00	01:20:07:00	Like if we have a early
01:20:07:00	01:20:07:00	warming.
01:20:07:00	01:20:08:00	Now one thing to think about is
01:20:08:00	01:20:10:00	there's Research looking at our
01:20:10:00	01:20:13:00	winters Are becoming less cold
01:20:13:00	01:20:17:00	and so We do get these warm up,
01:20:17:00	01:20:18:00	you know, even into the 50s.
01:20:18:00	01:20:21:00	They can hatch and then if we
01:20:21:00	01:20:22:00	get a frost then they're going
01:20:22:00	01:20:24:00	to die.
01:20:24:00	01:20:25:00	So some of you know some of
01:20:25:00	01:20:25:00	this might.
01:20:25:00	01:20:28:00	In terms of invasive Species
01:20:28:00	01:20:29:00	might be a good thing if we get
01:20:29:00	01:20:32:00	this this warming.
01:20:32:00	01:20:33:00	They all hatch and then we get
01:20:33:00	01:20:36:00	a freezing and they all die And
01:20:36:00	01:20:37:00	that could that could reduce
01:20:37:00	01:20:37:00	population in some areas.
01:20:37:00	01:20:44:00	>> We're moving questions
01:20:44:00	01:28:22:00	outside But I definitely want
01:28:22:00	01:28:27:00	Maybe What are we going to talk
01:28:27:00	01:29:56:00	to him because that's Is.
01:29:56:00	01:30:07:00	Oh, right.
01:30:07:00	01:30:07:00	Everybody, I think I'll start
01:30:07:00	01:30:11:00	going here So we stay on time
01:30:11:00	01:30:11:00	if anybody trickles in that's
01:30:11:00	01:30:11:00	fine.
01:30:11:00	01:30:14:00	Just make Room forum.
01:30:14:00	01:30:15:00	Welcome home.
01:30:15:00	01:30:15:00	Next to you.
01:30:15:00	01:30:17:00	I mean I Read these
01:30:17:00	01:30:18:00	announcements here.
01:30:18:00	01:30:21:00	So thank you for attending This
01:30:21:00	01:30:22:00	seminar in an emergency.
01:30:22:00	01:30:25:00	Please Scramble like crazy just
01:30:25:00	01:30:29:00	getting Connelly's Slowly exit
01:30:29:00	01:30:32:00	the back rear entrance there
01:30:32:00	01:30:32:00	Behind you.
01:30:32:00	01:30:34:00	There's the doors and please go
01:30:34:00	01:30:37:00	outside Immediately turn off
01:30:37:00	01:30:39:00	all your electronic devices If
01:30:39:00	01:30:40:00	you want a silencer and put
01:30:40:00	01:30:41:00	them on vibrate or do whatever.
01:30:41:00	01:30:44:00	>> That Would be great if you
01:30:44:00	01:30:45:00	did not pick up an evaluation
01:30:45:00	01:30:48:00	raise your hand And this
01:30:48:00	01:30:48:00	gentleman and back here will
01:30:48:00	01:30:50:00	come around and give you One
01:30:50:00	01:30:51:00	and as you leave the room feel
01:30:51:00	01:30:52:00	free to put those evaluations
01:30:52:00	01:30:55:00	in a Little bin outside.
01:30:55:00	01:30:56:00	>> I think each of the doors
01:30:56:00	01:30:58:00	has a little bin back there And
01:30:58:00	01:30:58:00	I also have some rack cards,
01:30:58:00	01:30:59:00	some Green Bay Botanical Garden
01:30:59:00	01:31:00:00	if you want to pick one up for
01:31:00:00	01:31:02:00	our Different spring events
01:31:02:00	01:31:03:00	that we have going on there.
01:31:03:00	01:31:06:00	So thank you very Much and I
01:31:06:00	01:31:12:00	hope you enjoy the seminar.
01:31:12:00	01:31:13:00	>> All right.
01:31:13:00	01:31:14:00	>> Well, my name is Mark Clark.
01:31:14:00	01:31:15:00	I'm the director of
01:31:15:00	01:31:17:00	Horticulture Green Bay
01:31:17:00	01:31:17:00	Botanical Garden.
01:31:17:00	01:31:18:00	Has anybody been to Green Bay
01:31:18:00	01:31:20:00	Botanical Garden?
01:31:20:00	01:31:20:00	>> All right.
01:31:20:00	01:31:21:00	Almost everybody awesome.
01:31:21:00	01:31:21:00	That's great.
01:31:21:00	01:31:24:00	And I hope you've been to a lot
01:31:24:00	01:31:25:00	of these other gardens so feel
01:31:25:00	01:31:25:00	free.
01:31:25:00	01:31:27:00	Maybe the first Couple I'll be
01:31:27:00	01:31:28:00	like raise your hand if you've
01:31:28:00	01:31:29:00	been there so you can get a
01:31:29:00	01:31:31:00	gage of everyone And to some of
01:31:31:00	01:31:32:00	these other great gardens
01:31:32:00	01:31:32:00	throughout the state.
01:31:32:00	01:31:33:00	>> I wasn't able to get like
01:31:33:00	01:31:35:00	everyone But I got a fair
01:31:35:00	01:31:36:00	amount of garden so I'll also
01:31:36:00	01:31:39:00	have to go a Little bit fast to
01:31:39:00	01:31:40:00	get this in the amount of time
01:31:40:00	01:31:42:00	because there's 13 different
01:31:42:00	01:31:42:00	Gardens we're going to kind of
01:31:42:00	01:31:43:00	peruse.
01:31:43:00	01:31:46:00	>> So first a couple things.
01:31:46:00	01:31:49:00	>> This is not this kind
01:31:49:00	01:31:50:00	Tripping event.
01:31:50:00	01:31:54:00	So if you're into that I think
01:31:54:00	01:31:55:00	Zach Steinle, a former intern
01:31:55:00	01:31:56:00	at the Green Bay Botanical is
01:31:56:00	01:31:57:00	gonna Be talking about Fido
01:31:57:00	01:31:58:00	cannabinoid oils and hemp
01:31:58:00	01:32:01:00	production later In the day.
01:32:01:00	01:32:02:00	So feel free to check that out
01:32:02:00	01:32:03:00	at like 3 o'clock.
01:32:03:00	01:32:05:00	I think Also before you go on
01:32:05:00	01:32:08:00	your road trip you want have A
01:32:08:00	01:32:08:00	hearty breakfast.
01:32:08:00	01:32:12:00	>> Want to get your vehicle in
01:32:12:00	01:32:12:00	Order perhaps the green mobile
01:32:12:00	01:32:16:00	here You want to have your
01:32:16:00	01:32:16:00	itinerary.
01:32:16:00	01:32:17:00	>> We're going to start out
01:32:17:00	01:32:19:00	kind of it West of the lake out
01:32:19:00	01:32:20:00	in Manitowoc.
01:32:20:00	01:32:20:00	Head over to the Sheboygan
01:32:20:00	01:32:21:00	area.
01:32:21:00	01:32:23:00	We're going to Go down to
01:32:23:00	01:32:24:00	Milwaukee area burner botanical
01:32:24:00	01:32:26:00	or the Rotary in Janesville up
01:32:26:00	01:32:27:00	to Madison to a number of
01:32:27:00	01:32:30:00	gardens Over to Warsaw.
01:32:30:00	01:32:31:00	Quick.
01:32:31:00	01:32:32:00	I think we're also going back
01:32:32:00	01:32:34:00	to Oshkosh.
01:32:34:00	01:32:35:00	And then to Green Bay Botanical
01:32:35:00	01:32:35:00	Garden at the end.
01:32:35:00	01:32:37:00	>> So we're gonna Speedball and
01:32:37:00	01:32:38:00	also take the road less
01:32:38:00	01:32:38:00	traveled.
01:32:38:00	01:32:41:00	This is Kind of an interesting
01:32:41:00	01:32:42:00	hotel.
01:32:42:00	01:32:45:00	Remnants In ruins.
01:32:45:00	01:32:46:00	So check out some of
01:32:46:00	01:32:48:00	the different things along
01:32:48:00	01:32:48:00	The roadside there.
01:32:48:00	01:32:49:00	This is Maribel Cave's hotel
01:32:49:00	01:32:52:00	and also Bottle thing.
01:32:52:00	01:32:53:00	Take interesting travel
01:32:53:00	01:32:54:00	companions as my girlfriend
01:32:54:00	01:32:57:00	Jacqueline Hamming it up for
01:32:57:00	01:32:57:00	the camera that can make all
01:32:57:00	01:32:58:00	the difference in a road trip,
01:32:58:00	01:32:58:00	right?
01:32:58:00	01:32:59:00	You're companions.
01:32:59:00	01:33:03:00	>> So west of the Lake Gardens
01:33:03:00	01:33:03:00	.
01:33:03:00	01:33:04:00	Show of hands who's been there?
01:33:04:00	01:33:05:00	>> All right.
01:33:05:00	01:33:07:00	Awesome.
01:33:07:00	01:33:08:00	That is in Manitowoc,
01:33:08:00	01:33:08:00	Wisconsin.
01:33:08:00	01:33:11:00	Don Sizzler, director of
01:33:11:00	01:33:11:00	horticulture is here in
01:33:11:00	01:33:11:00	the crowd.
01:33:11:00	01:33:14:00	It's a great garden.
01:33:14:00	01:33:15:00	And the other thing I was gonna
01:33:15:00	01:33:16:00	do in a lot of my talks is are
01:33:16:00	01:33:18:00	the gardens we visit Tell a
01:33:18:00	01:33:19:00	little bit about some of
01:33:19:00	01:33:20:00	the newer things that I noticed
01:33:20:00	01:33:20:00	in the last year.
01:33:20:00	01:33:22:00	So They have this parking lot
01:33:22:00	01:33:23:00	expansion kind of a cool idea
01:33:23:00	01:33:25:00	here, right to use like Brick
01:33:25:00	01:33:26:00	to mark the handicap sites and
01:33:26:00	01:33:29:00	everything Kind of like this
01:33:29:00	01:33:30:00	because it was like a different
01:33:30:00	01:33:33:00	colored pavement marker.
01:33:33:00	01:33:34:00	So the other thing I'll do is
01:33:34:00	01:33:35:00	give you some ideas of things
01:33:35:00	01:33:36:00	you can bring to your own Car.
01:33:36:00	01:33:37:00	This is Xenia Zahara Starlight
01:33:37:00	01:33:38:00	Road was I believe a giant
01:33:38:00	01:33:41:00	masterplan And it was like a
01:33:41:00	01:33:42:00	live with pollinators and they
01:33:42:00	01:33:44:00	have these really cool Fuchsia
01:33:44:00	01:33:44:00	baskets.
01:33:44:00	01:33:46:00	>> So it's a really neat idea
01:33:46:00	01:33:48:00	of how to bring a GI enormous
01:33:48:00	01:33:49:00	Specimen plant to your yard
01:33:49:00	01:33:49:00	with these big chains hanging
01:33:49:00	01:33:50:00	up.
01:33:50:00	01:33:52:00	I really Love that fuchsia
01:33:52:00	01:33:53:00	collection that they have here
01:33:53:00	01:33:55:00	west of the Lake Garden's This
01:33:55:00	01:33:56:00	is kind of a funky plant or I
01:33:56:00	01:33:57:00	like it's kind of almost like
01:33:57:00	01:33:59:00	an Palisade flat planter of
01:33:59:00	01:34:03:00	begonias here along The wall of
01:34:03:00	01:34:06:00	the building This little garden
01:34:06:00	01:34:07:00	area I have a lot of shots of
01:34:07:00	01:34:10:00	so I'm just gonna kind Go
01:34:10:00	01:34:10:00	through it.
01:34:10:00	01:34:11:00	>> I like you because it's more
01:34:11:00	01:34:12:00	of a landscape size area.
01:34:12:00	01:34:14:00	You know that you would See
01:34:14:00	01:34:14:00	your own back patio or backyard
01:34:14:00	01:34:15:00	so you get some plant ideas of
01:34:15:00	01:34:17:00	what you might Do in that
01:34:17:00	01:34:17:00	furniture really makes it's
01:34:17:00	01:34:18:00	very it's actually comfortable
01:34:18:00	01:34:21:00	to Sell that stuff and the cool
01:34:21:00	01:34:23:00	thing is a lot of gardens have
01:34:23:00	01:34:25:00	Colored furniture, you know, as
01:34:25:00	01:34:25:00	a way to stand out in your
01:34:25:00	01:34:28:00	garden so Just like painting
01:34:28:00	01:34:29:00	something a different color
01:34:29:00	01:34:29:00	than you might normally think
01:34:29:00	01:34:30:00	can really make a difference In
01:34:30:00	01:34:30:00	the landscape.
01:34:30:00	01:34:34:00	>> This is a little pond area.
01:34:34:00	01:34:38:00	There's a conifer Garden here.
01:34:38:00	01:34:39:00	It's really interesting to see
01:34:39:00	01:34:39:00	like all these different
01:34:39:00	01:34:41:00	textures and colors of Conifers
01:34:41:00	01:34:42:00	kind of like a small little
01:34:42:00	01:34:43:00	thing that you can do in your
01:34:43:00	01:34:46:00	yard With just you know, five
01:34:46:00	01:34:46:00	different conifers make a
01:34:46:00	01:34:47:00	little different area that has
01:34:47:00	01:34:49:00	that Good color and the great
01:34:49:00	01:34:50:00	thing about it it's winter
01:34:50:00	01:34:50:00	interest.
01:34:50:00	01:34:53:00	It's all year long Mature
01:34:53:00	01:34:53:00	interest.
01:34:53:00	01:34:54:00	Think about putting something
01:34:54:00	01:34:54:00	outside your window where
01:34:54:00	01:34:56:00	you're actually A all winter
01:34:56:00	01:34:57:00	that way in the back part of
01:34:57:00	01:34:58:00	your yard where it's too cold
01:34:58:00	01:35:00:00	to even walk To have a great
01:35:00:00	01:35:01:00	rose garden here with
01:35:01:00	01:35:04:00	the hybrid tea roses And I
01:35:04:00	01:35:05:00	believe they're treated as
01:35:05:00	01:35:05:00	annuals so they're taken out
01:35:05:00	01:35:07:00	every year which is kind Of a
01:35:07:00	01:35:08:00	cool thing if you can afford to
01:35:08:00	01:35:09:00	do that here and you just have
01:35:09:00	01:35:11:00	to boom pull Them all.
01:35:11:00	01:35:12:00	Throw them away.
01:35:12:00	01:35:13:00	Start fresh next year.
01:35:13:00	01:35:15:00	>> Here's Jaclyn Color echoing
01:35:15:00	01:35:15:00	the planting scheme.
01:35:15:00	01:35:18:00	I think she did that Purpose
01:35:18:00	01:35:19:00	with her dress selection.
01:35:19:00	01:35:22:00	But another good point On road
01:35:22:00	01:35:23:00	tripping remember to wear
01:35:23:00	01:35:23:00	sunscreen.
01:35:23:00	01:35:24:00	Remember to wear your hat to
01:35:24:00	01:35:28:00	Protect your face.
01:35:28:00	01:35:29:00	The beds here at west of
01:35:29:00	01:35:30:00	the lake are just amazing with
01:35:30:00	01:35:32:00	all these annuals that They do
01:35:32:00	01:35:33:00	in these huge masses.
01:35:33:00	01:35:34:00	>> So that might not be
01:35:34:00	01:35:34:00	something you can do at your
01:35:34:00	01:35:35:00	own place but It's a place
01:35:35:00	01:35:36:00	where you can come and visit
01:35:36:00	01:35:37:00	this and then not have to do
01:35:37:00	01:35:37:00	all that work.
01:35:37:00	01:35:40:00	And with this kind of cardinal
01:35:40:00	01:35:42:00	and white color scheme Here
01:35:42:00	01:35:43:00	Wisconsin Badgers and if you
01:35:43:00	01:35:46:00	look on the Lake Michigan there
01:35:46:00	01:35:47:00	There is the SS badger making
01:35:47:00	01:35:48:00	its way across kind of in
01:35:48:00	01:35:52:00	the middle Of the screen there
01:35:52:00	01:35:52:00	.
01:35:52:00	01:35:53:00	>> So here's some more shots
01:35:53:00	01:35:54:00	just the beautiful color
01:35:54:00	01:35:57:00	palette And the amount of
01:35:57:00	01:35:57:00	annuals I have with this
01:35:57:00	01:36:00:00	picture here because they
01:36:00:00	01:36:01:00	Remind me of the movie
01:36:01:00	01:36:01:00	Crocodile Dundee or members
01:36:01:00	01:36:03:00	like you think that's a knife?
01:36:03:00	01:36:04:00	>> This is a knife.
01:36:04:00	01:36:05:00	Well, you think you have a
01:36:05:00	01:36:05:00	watering one.
01:36:05:00	01:36:08:00	That's Watering warned right
01:36:08:00	01:36:08:00	there.
01:36:08:00	01:36:09:00	Well, it casts two hands for
01:36:09:00	01:36:13:00	that thing Gave way back in
01:36:13:00	01:36:14:00	the bed with that guy.
01:36:14:00	01:36:15:00	So that's kind of an
01:36:15:00	01:36:15:00	interesting Thing because I
01:36:15:00	01:36:15:00	assume you're right.
01:36:15:00	01:36:16:00	You don't have to step into
01:36:16:00	01:36:16:00	the bed.
01:36:16:00	01:36:17:00	You can just put the wand right
01:36:17:00	01:36:20:00	way back In there.
01:36:20:00	01:36:21:00	Yeah.
01:36:21:00	01:36:22:00	Just I mean I have to go
01:36:22:00	01:36:22:00	through these guys faster than
01:36:22:00	01:36:24:00	I am probably Into.
01:36:24:00	01:36:25:00	There's the beautiful borrowed
01:36:25:00	01:36:28:00	view of Lake Michigan to Love
01:36:28:00	01:36:29:00	the lake and love how you can
01:36:29:00	01:36:30:00	look out over it.
01:36:30:00	01:36:31:00	>> And I was like to pretend
01:36:31:00	01:36:33:00	that I own this house when I go
01:36:33:00	01:36:33:00	here.
01:36:33:00	01:36:35:00	>> Don probably does when he
01:36:35:00	01:36:36:00	Exaggerate.
01:36:36:00	01:36:37:00	Another little idea from here
01:36:37:00	01:36:40:00	is hard Escaping with the rocks
01:36:40:00	01:36:40:00	you know the pattern colored
01:36:40:00	01:36:43:00	rocks instead of say Paver or a
01:36:43:00	01:36:44:00	brick or something that might
01:36:44:00	01:36:44:00	be maybe more expensive but you
01:36:44:00	01:36:47:00	can do These different patterns
01:36:47:00	01:36:47:00	and they also have these really
01:36:47:00	01:36:50:00	cool succulents here And like
01:36:50:00	01:36:51:00	kind of like a birdbath
01:36:51:00	01:36:51:00	elevated.
01:36:51:00	01:36:52:00	>> I like that idea because a
01:36:52:00	01:36:54:00	lot Succulents have that cool
01:36:54:00	01:36:54:00	texture.
01:36:54:00	01:36:55:00	You know they look but if
01:36:55:00	01:36:58:00	they're on The ground you
01:36:58:00	01:36:59:00	really don't get to see them so
01:36:59:00	01:37:00:00	much so as a way to elevate
01:37:00:00	01:37:01:00	them to your eyeball Level to
01:37:01:00	01:37:04:00	appreciate the succulents more
01:37:04:00	01:37:05:00	Some more succulents here's
01:37:05:00	01:37:06:00	the like the rocks again you
01:37:06:00	01:37:08:00	can see Making patterns that
01:37:08:00	01:37:09:00	you could do in your own yard
01:37:09:00	01:37:09:00	kind of easily more
01:37:09:00	01:37:12:00	contemporary look almost.
01:37:12:00	01:37:12:00	>> Yeah.
01:37:12:00	01:37:15:00	Here's it's really that swoop
01:37:15:00	01:37:16:00	Nike symbol almost looking
01:37:16:00	01:37:17:00	thing and then they have these
01:37:17:00	01:37:20:00	really cool greenhouses With
01:37:20:00	01:37:20:00	different succulent cacti and
01:37:20:00	01:37:21:00	things like that that you can
01:37:21:00	01:37:24:00	kind of look into And see
01:37:24:00	01:37:24:00	the whole collection.
01:37:24:00	01:37:25:00	So that's another aspect of
01:37:25:00	01:37:25:00	Western Lake also.
01:37:25:00	01:37:28:00	>> Free Admission.
01:37:28:00	01:37:29:00	So if you're going there it's a
01:37:29:00	01:37:31:00	little great stepping Stone to
01:37:31:00	01:37:32:00	Door County or Green Bay or
01:37:32:00	01:37:33:00	wherever where you can stop and
01:37:33:00	01:37:35:00	take a break, have awesome
01:37:35:00	01:37:35:00	bathrooms.
01:37:35:00	01:37:36:00	Always look for that in a
01:37:36:00	01:37:37:00	botanical garden.
01:37:37:00	01:37:39:00	Great bathrooms There as well.
01:37:39:00	01:37:40:00	They usually have a person
01:37:40:00	01:37:40:00	greeting you too.
01:37:40:00	01:37:43:00	It's really nice.
01:37:43:00	01:37:43:00	>> All right.
01:37:43:00	01:37:44:00	Christopher Farms and Gardens
01:37:44:00	01:37:45:00	this is a private garden
01:37:45:00	01:37:46:00	actually Not a public garden
01:37:46:00	01:37:47:00	but I wanted to zoom through it
01:37:47:00	01:37:51:00	quick Because you can go to
01:37:51:00	01:37:51:00	this thing called Juno Palooza
01:37:51:00	01:37:54:00	and get access To that garden.
01:37:54:00	01:37:55:00	>> It's on it's in Sheboygan.
01:37:55:00	01:37:57:00	Again on the Lake Christopher
01:37:57:00	01:37:58:00	farms and gardens.
01:37:58:00	01:38:02:00	I'll go Through it pretty fast
01:38:02:00	01:38:02:00	because you have to go to
01:38:02:00	01:38:05:00	Juneau palooza another event
01:38:05:00	01:38:06:00	Palooza is a fundraiser for
01:38:06:00	01:38:06:00	Meals on Wheels of Sheboygan
01:38:06:00	01:38:08:00	County.
01:38:08:00	01:38:09:00	So it's a really great event.
01:38:09:00	01:38:10:00	And Jay Christopher is one of
01:38:10:00	01:38:13:00	the co-found Leaders of
01:38:13:00	01:38:13:00	the Pampered Chef.
01:38:13:00	01:38:16:00	So he has these Really great
01:38:16:00	01:38:17:00	vegetable gardens preserving
01:38:17:00	01:38:20:00	honeybees.
01:38:20:00	01:38:21:00	He has a lot of great water
01:38:21:00	01:38:22:00	features there on the property.
01:38:22:00	01:38:24:00	This is this Land I was like to
01:38:24:00	01:38:25:00	say with ornamental plants and
01:38:25:00	01:38:25:00	native plants, you know, can't
01:38:25:00	01:38:28:00	we all Just get along
01:38:28:00	01:38:28:00	the unicorn, the mailer
01:38:28:00	01:38:31:00	together in perfect harmony
01:38:31:00	01:38:32:00	Floating forward to a bright
01:38:32:00	01:38:35:00	future Labyrinth garden that
01:38:35:00	01:38:35:00	this little labyrinth garden
01:38:35:00	01:38:37:00	which is kind of a contemplated
01:38:37:00	01:38:37:00	Spot there.
01:38:37:00	01:38:41:00	>> There's this really nice
01:38:41:00	01:38:42:00	water features like I mentioned
01:38:42:00	01:38:45:00	before, it's a great place for
01:38:45:00	01:38:46:00	entertaining and events and
01:38:46:00	01:38:46:00	things.
01:38:46:00	01:38:49:00	>> Jay also Has this greenhouse
01:38:49:00	01:38:49:00	here with the succulents and
01:38:49:00	01:38:51:00	other tropical plants.
01:38:51:00	01:38:52:00	It's a really giant property.
01:38:52:00	01:38:53:00	There's talk of I've heard of
01:38:53:00	01:38:56:00	it becoming A public garden and
01:38:56:00	01:38:57:00	it would make it the largest in
01:38:57:00	01:38:57:00	the state of Wisconsin.
01:38:57:00	01:39:01:00	I'm pretty sure it's 160 acres
01:39:01:00	01:39:02:00	.
01:39:02:00	01:39:02:00	>> Yeah.
01:39:02:00	01:39:03:00	And that's really the thing you
01:39:03:00	01:39:04:00	notice here from a design
01:39:04:00	01:39:06:00	perspective is The masses and
01:39:06:00	01:39:06:00	repetition of similar plants.
01:39:06:00	01:39:09:00	>> That's one of the Things I
01:39:09:00	01:39:09:00	noted kind of walking around
01:39:09:00	01:39:10:00	there.
01:39:10:00	01:39:13:00	>> Another pond by The house
01:39:13:00	01:39:13:00	and then again the borrowed
01:39:13:00	01:39:17:00	view of Lake Michigan And this
01:39:17:00	01:39:20:00	prairie planting here Great
01:39:20:00	01:39:21:00	Lake on a great state great
01:39:21:00	01:39:24:00	state on the great Whatever
01:39:24:00	01:39:24:00	that's used to be.
01:39:24:00	01:39:28:00	>> And then there's A lot of
01:39:28:00	01:39:28:00	interesting little sculptures
01:39:28:00	01:39:29:00	here too.
01:39:29:00	01:39:29:00	I always like this because I
01:39:29:00	01:39:31:00	wanted to do This the Green Bay
01:39:31:00	01:39:32:00	Botanical on our Belvedere
01:39:32:00	01:39:32:00	the Seattle commercial man.
01:39:32:00	01:39:35:00	>> I thought A great like photo
01:39:35:00	01:39:36:00	selfie station thing but we
01:39:36:00	01:39:38:00	never pulled it.
01:39:38:00	01:39:39:00	But they did it.
01:39:39:00	01:39:40:00	Christopher farms and gardens
01:39:40:00	01:39:45:00	so They beat us to the punch
01:39:45:00	01:39:46:00	Then they have a pretty nice
01:39:46:00	01:39:47:00	little Japanese garden.
01:39:47:00	01:39:49:00	>> I don't The best shots of it
01:39:49:00	01:39:50:00	but it has a little teahouse
01:39:50:00	01:39:53:00	and everything to Kind of a
01:39:53:00	01:39:54:00	corn crib grow some vines up
01:39:54:00	01:39:56:00	there maybe And then they have
01:39:56:00	01:39:57:00	this amphitheater outdoor
01:39:57:00	01:39:57:00	amphitheater entertainment
01:39:57:00	01:39:57:00	space.
01:39:57:00	01:40:00:00	So for that Event you kind of
01:40:00:00	01:40:01:00	end up there for dinner and a
01:40:01:00	01:40:04:00	concert And then then one of
01:40:04:00	01:40:04:00	the newer additions is this
01:40:04:00	01:40:07:00	huge um hostile Garden.
01:40:07:00	01:40:08:00	>> I think they call a J
01:40:08:00	01:40:10:00	drastic park whereas a Ton of
01:40:10:00	01:40:11:00	huge houses in these crazy
01:40:11:00	01:40:11:00	sculptures Velociraptor.
01:40:11:00	01:40:15:00	And This is the event then that
01:40:15:00	01:40:15:00	you could actually get access
01:40:15:00	01:40:18:00	to this garden to view it Even
01:40:18:00	01:40:19:00	though it is a private garden.
01:40:19:00	01:40:20:00	So they have their web or if
01:40:20:00	01:40:20:00	you Just Google that you can
01:40:20:00	01:40:24:00	get their Bookworm gardens.
01:40:24:00	01:40:25:00	>> I'm sure a lot of people
01:40:25:00	01:40:25:00	have been there.
01:40:25:00	01:40:28:00	It's Really cool.
01:40:28:00	01:40:29:00	It's a smaller garden.
01:40:29:00	01:40:30:00	It has all these little kind of
01:40:30:00	01:40:31:00	pocket gardens Going with
01:40:31:00	01:40:31:00	different books.
01:40:31:00	01:40:32:00	I thought this was a cool like
01:40:32:00	01:40:35:00	heart scape idea Where they put
01:40:35:00	01:40:36:00	the little colored pebbles and
01:40:36:00	01:40:36:00	stones into the concrete
01:40:36:00	01:40:39:00	something you could Do at home
01:40:39:00	01:40:40:00	to the bears.
01:40:40:00	01:40:42:00	>> Three bears In this area
01:40:42:00	01:40:43:00	here it gives you a good idea
01:40:43:00	01:40:46:00	for like an outdoor Kitchen
01:40:46:00	01:40:47:00	space it has the ruined look to
01:40:47:00	01:40:47:00	it.
01:40:47:00	01:40:48:00	So you only have half of
01:40:48:00	01:40:50:00	the heart Costs and then it has
01:40:50:00	01:40:53:00	some really good Amenities of
01:40:53:00	01:40:57:00	the storage, the cooking space
01:40:57:00	01:40:57:00	, the coffee machine and
01:40:57:00	01:40:58:00	everything out here.
01:40:58:00	01:40:59:00	>> So I think that's a cool
01:40:59:00	01:41:00:00	example for an outdoor Kitchen.
01:41:00:00	01:41:01:00	A lot of cool, you know, garden
01:41:01:00	01:41:02:00	areas and things.
01:41:02:00	01:41:04:00	They have a newer Bridge that
01:41:04:00	01:41:05:00	connects some of the roads that
01:41:05:00	01:41:06:00	used to be dead ends which I
01:41:06:00	01:41:08:00	didn't Put a picture in of
01:41:08:00	01:41:08:00	bookworm.
01:41:08:00	01:41:11:00	Great place, Koehler.
01:41:11:00	01:41:12:00	These water towers I don't
01:41:12:00	01:41:15:00	think they're like The War of
01:41:15:00	01:41:15:00	the Worlds.
01:41:15:00	01:41:16:00	Aliens like just the way
01:41:16:00	01:41:18:00	they're built every Mike was
01:41:18:00	01:41:19:00	one of those things.
01:41:19:00	01:41:22:00	>> But the village of Kolar Is
01:41:22:00	01:41:23:00	actually a botanical garden, a
01:41:23:00	01:41:25:00	PGA certified botanical garden
01:41:25:00	01:41:25:00	2004.
01:41:25:00	01:41:27:00	>> So if you go there, check it
01:41:27:00	01:41:27:00	out.
01:41:27:00	01:41:30:00	If you go to the shops, if you
01:41:30:00	01:41:30:00	go to a large cooler whistling
01:41:30:00	01:41:31:00	straits wherever they have some
01:41:31:00	01:41:33:00	pretty cool sculptures Inter
01:41:33:00	01:41:34:00	sprinkled with all
01:41:34:00	01:41:35:00	the plantings great tropical
01:41:35:00	01:41:38:00	plantings, containers and like
01:41:38:00	01:41:38:00	around the different buildings
01:41:38:00	01:41:41:00	just really nice horticulture
01:41:41:00	01:41:41:00	Work.
01:41:41:00	01:41:43:00	So it's a great place to check
01:41:43:00	01:41:43:00	out the plants when you're out
01:41:43:00	01:41:46:00	there doing Other things and
01:41:46:00	01:41:47:00	cooler have a little shot of
01:41:47:00	01:41:48:00	the domes.
01:41:48:00	01:41:49:00	>> You know, check those out.
01:41:49:00	01:41:50:00	It's a great time of the year.
01:41:50:00	01:41:52:00	>> It's winter, it's cold.
01:41:52:00	01:41:53:00	That's why you're here
01:41:53:00	01:41:54:00	hopefully to see all these
01:41:54:00	01:41:54:00	colorful images.
01:41:54:00	01:41:55:00	I just have a couple of shots
01:41:55:00	01:41:57:00	of The desert dome and
01:41:57:00	01:41:58:00	the tropical dome and there's
01:41:58:00	01:42:00:00	the show dome The sausage tree.
01:42:00:00	01:42:01:00	Perfect for the city of
01:42:01:00	01:42:03:00	Milwaukee.
01:42:03:00	01:42:04:00	Get your bratwurst here.
01:42:04:00	01:42:08:00	It's getting There's also a
01:42:08:00	01:42:09:00	really great aunt called Linden
01:42:09:00	01:42:12:00	Sculpture Garden Which I didn't
01:42:12:00	01:42:12:00	put any slides for.
01:42:12:00	01:42:13:00	>> That's right north of
01:42:13:00	01:42:14:00	Morecambe Brown Deer Road which
01:42:14:00	01:42:15:00	I couldn't even find my
01:42:15:00	01:42:16:00	pictures from because they're
01:42:16:00	01:42:18:00	so unorganized.
01:42:18:00	01:42:19:00	>> Burnham Botanical Gardens,
01:42:19:00	01:42:20:00	great place.
01:42:20:00	01:42:22:00	That's one of the I'd say
01:42:22:00	01:42:23:00	the big Four Gardens, you know
01:42:23:00	01:42:23:00	Berner Old Brook Rotary Green
01:42:23:00	01:42:26:00	Bay Botanical Maybe.
01:42:26:00	01:42:27:00	So they have some really great
01:42:27:00	01:42:30:00	annual plantings, great Bulbs.
01:42:30:00	01:42:30:00	>> They've really been getting
01:42:30:00	01:42:33:00	into that more.
01:42:33:00	01:42:35:00	This is a great picture I like
01:42:35:00	01:42:38:00	with the bold texture Of that
01:42:38:00	01:42:38:00	dark allocation with the kind
01:42:38:00	01:42:39:00	of looks like a quarry ops is
01:42:39:00	01:42:41:00	that fine Texture contrasting
01:42:41:00	01:42:42:00	in this you know a large garden
01:42:42:00	01:42:45:00	space it just shows You don't
01:42:45:00	01:42:46:00	need a lot of plants to like
01:42:46:00	01:42:47:00	have an impact into planting
01:42:47:00	01:42:48:00	And this is kind of cool
01:42:48:00	01:42:51:00	because it's this sedge here
01:42:51:00	01:42:52:00	With the lantana and
01:42:52:00	01:42:53:00	the petunia and kind of like
01:42:53:00	01:42:53:00	builds in the fall interest.
01:42:53:00	01:42:56:00	>> So I noticed that at a fair
01:42:56:00	01:42:57:00	amount of places and that's
01:42:57:00	01:42:58:00	something we do a green base
01:42:58:00	01:42:59:00	like we kind of build Some of
01:42:59:00	01:43:00:00	the fall interest in our annual
01:43:00:00	01:43:00:00	bed.
01:43:00:00	01:43:01:00	So we don't have to like flap
01:43:01:00	01:43:03:00	them out with Moms and Kale and
01:43:03:00	01:43:04:00	Astor's and things like that so
01:43:04:00	01:43:05:00	you can kind of try to
01:43:05:00	01:43:07:00	incorporate that From the start
01:43:07:00	01:43:07:00	of your planting.
01:43:07:00	01:43:11:00	Here's Ali um she birdie I bet
01:43:11:00	01:43:14:00	they left That alien foliage to
01:43:14:00	01:43:15:00	give you that cool texture, you
01:43:15:00	01:43:18:00	know into later Summer months
01:43:18:00	01:43:21:00	just a bold crazy tropical
01:43:21:00	01:43:22:00	Planting and kind of we're kind
01:43:22:00	01:43:22:00	of taking a spin through
01:43:22:00	01:43:22:00	the garden.
01:43:22:00	01:43:25:00	>> Here's just where they're
01:43:25:00	01:43:26:00	using a spider plant so you
01:43:26:00	01:43:27:00	could use an interior scape
01:43:27:00	01:43:29:00	plant In your plantings to give
01:43:29:00	01:43:30:00	you different textures, maybe
01:43:30:00	01:43:31:00	use some different plants that
01:43:31:00	01:43:32:00	you usually Use inside outside
01:43:32:00	01:43:33:00	and they're easy to propagate.
01:43:33:00	01:43:33:00	Right.
01:43:33:00	01:43:34:00	So you could save some Money.
01:43:34:00	01:43:39:00	Cool use of a you know, a giant
01:43:39:00	01:43:42:00	aloe Specimen in their
01:43:42:00	01:43:43:00	perennial garden just something
01:43:43:00	01:43:46:00	you could do in your own yard
01:43:46:00	01:43:47:00	If you have a something that
01:43:47:00	01:43:47:00	you'd like to.
01:43:47:00	01:43:48:00	Over winter and bring inside
01:43:48:00	01:43:49:00	you could kind of Throw it
01:43:49:00	01:43:50:00	outside for the summer months,
01:43:50:00	01:43:51:00	give it a little more light.
01:43:51:00	01:43:54:00	>> This rock garden quarry area
01:43:54:00	01:43:55:00	that kind of leads into a shade
01:43:55:00	01:43:57:00	garden Here and one of
01:43:57:00	01:43:58:00	the things that all gardens you
01:43:58:00	01:44:00:00	know as they age Sometimes you
01:44:00:00	01:44:01:00	have to think about renovating
01:44:01:00	01:44:01:00	and changing them and doing
01:44:01:00	01:44:02:00	things.
01:44:02:00	01:44:04:00	So what They've done in this
01:44:04:00	01:44:05:00	garden is taking out a fair
01:44:05:00	01:44:06:00	amount of some of these older
01:44:06:00	01:44:06:00	birch trees.
01:44:06:00	01:44:08:00	Now that we're starting to
01:44:08:00	01:44:08:00	decline just kind of from age
01:44:08:00	01:44:11:00	to open up the space Then of
01:44:11:00	01:44:12:00	course become more sunny.
01:44:12:00	01:44:13:00	But it's just something that
01:44:13:00	01:44:15:00	you Sometimes have to do.
01:44:15:00	01:44:16:00	You have to bite the bullet and
01:44:16:00	01:44:18:00	change areas that have grown
01:44:18:00	01:44:18:00	Older.
01:44:18:00	01:44:19:00	And here's a cool idea do it
01:44:19:00	01:44:22:00	yourself project that they Use
01:44:22:00	01:44:23:00	the stumps to kind of create
01:44:23:00	01:44:25:00	this little patio area here and
01:44:25:00	01:44:26:00	The other thing I saw in a
01:44:26:00	01:44:29:00	different DIY thing was Instead
01:44:29:00	01:44:30:00	of having to do the whole
01:44:30:00	01:44:31:00	excavation of a patio you can
01:44:31:00	01:44:34:00	just Throw the stone on top of
01:44:34:00	01:44:34:00	the ground, throw some gravel
01:44:34:00	01:44:35:00	or sand in between and just
01:44:35:00	01:44:37:00	like Use it immediately and
01:44:37:00	01:44:37:00	have a little you know, short
01:44:37:00	01:44:41:00	time patio Pop up patio even
01:44:41:00	01:44:44:00	what little succulent
01:44:44:00	01:44:45:00	Containers here you can see
01:44:45:00	01:44:45:00	that's a big thing.
01:44:45:00	01:44:46:00	>> You know where you just have
01:44:46:00	01:44:47:00	these succulents you hardly
01:44:47:00	01:44:48:00	Have to take care of them.
01:44:48:00	01:44:49:00	And then in the background you
01:44:49:00	01:44:50:00	can see the China lights
01:44:50:00	01:44:51:00	display being set.
01:44:51:00	01:44:52:00	So we're going to take a little
01:44:52:00	01:44:53:00	spin through that because a lot
01:44:53:00	01:44:55:00	of gardens have to have special
01:44:55:00	01:44:56:00	Events and things to raise
01:44:56:00	01:44:56:00	money to generate revenue to
01:44:56:00	01:44:59:00	keep their staff on, et cetera,
01:44:59:00	01:44:59:00	et cetera.
01:44:59:00	01:45:02:00	Here's a use of some Of these
01:45:02:00	01:45:03:00	other plants begonias annuals
01:45:03:00	01:45:06:00	amongst your shade garden.
01:45:06:00	01:45:07:00	So sometimes it's hard to get
01:45:07:00	01:45:08:00	color into a shade garden.
01:45:08:00	01:45:09:00	So think about using Some
01:45:09:00	01:45:10:00	annual plants in there or
01:45:10:00	01:45:10:00	something.
01:45:10:00	01:45:11:00	You know you have to water and
01:45:11:00	01:45:12:00	take care of them a little more
01:45:12:00	01:45:14:00	but You get those pops of color
01:45:14:00	01:45:17:00	in a shade garden, the rose
01:45:17:00	01:45:18:00	garden, the burner.
01:45:18:00	01:45:19:00	>> Now they have a pretty
01:45:19:00	01:45:20:00	substantial rose Garden so
01:45:20:00	01:45:21:00	that's worth checking out.
01:45:21:00	01:45:24:00	This is one of their wedding
01:45:24:00	01:45:25:00	Sites.
01:45:25:00	01:45:25:00	There are the tropical and
01:45:25:00	01:45:26:00	other annual plants in the back
01:45:26:00	01:45:26:00	of the building.
01:45:26:00	01:45:29:00	The only kind of rabbit you
01:45:29:00	01:45:31:00	like in your garden Like Medusa
01:45:31:00	01:45:32:00	is all that thing.
01:45:32:00	01:45:36:00	>> It's cast in stone And they
01:45:36:00	01:45:36:00	have a really nice erb garden
01:45:36:00	01:45:37:00	into it burner.
01:45:37:00	01:45:39:00	>> I really like Peggy does
01:45:39:00	01:45:39:00	their herb garden.
01:45:39:00	01:45:40:00	This is a cool combination.
01:45:40:00	01:45:42:00	The color echoing of The salvia
01:45:42:00	01:45:43:00	and the acid and Farah
01:45:43:00	01:45:44:00	the ornamental pepper at
01:45:44:00	01:45:47:00	the base Kind of a little
01:45:47:00	01:45:47:00	geometric triangle pattern
01:45:47:00	01:45:50:00	there And it changes every year
01:45:50:00	01:45:54:00	of course They had a little pop
01:45:54:00	01:45:55:00	up fairy garden there.
01:45:55:00	01:45:57:00	It was really Nice.
01:45:57:00	01:45:58:00	>> My mom's and some of these
01:45:58:00	01:45:58:00	pictures here you can.
01:45:58:00	01:46:01:00	She's usually Walking away from
01:46:01:00	01:46:01:00	me.
01:46:01:00	01:46:02:00	Not sure what that means
01:46:02:00	01:46:05:00	exactly but I'm taking
01:46:05:00	01:46:05:00	pictures.
01:46:05:00	01:46:08:00	>> She's like I'm moving On
01:46:08:00	01:46:08:00	the boardwalk that they have
01:46:08:00	01:46:09:00	here.
01:46:09:00	01:46:12:00	It's kind of goes Back here and
01:46:12:00	01:46:13:00	then they have this big sister
01:46:13:00	01:46:13:00	and this has grown up a lot
01:46:13:00	01:46:14:00	from this picture.
01:46:14:00	01:46:17:00	But They had this rainwater
01:46:17:00	01:46:18:00	harvesting system there which
01:46:18:00	01:46:18:00	is kind of neat to see.
01:46:18:00	01:46:19:00	It's grown a lot from these
01:46:19:00	01:46:20:00	pictures and the final thing is
01:46:20:00	01:46:23:00	they do some trialing Burner
01:46:23:00	01:46:23:00	there.
01:46:23:00	01:46:24:00	So this is the American rose
01:46:24:00	01:46:24:00	trial for sustainability.
01:46:24:00	01:46:27:00	They do A lot of trialing for
01:46:27:00	01:46:28:00	all America selections and then
01:46:28:00	01:46:28:00	different breeding companies.
01:46:28:00	01:46:31:00	So It's a great place to go in
01:46:31:00	01:46:32:00	this little.
01:46:32:00	01:46:33:00	I think it's two and a half
01:46:33:00	01:46:34:00	acre area To get some ideas of
01:46:34:00	01:46:35:00	like newer plants that are
01:46:35:00	01:46:36:00	coming out on the market.
01:46:36:00	01:46:38:00	So this is Wicked Witch which
01:46:38:00	01:46:39:00	is a newer one come in the last
01:46:39:00	01:46:41:00	couple of day a couple Years
01:46:41:00	01:46:42:00	and then I really like this one
01:46:42:00	01:46:43:00	for some reason at the moment
01:46:43:00	01:46:45:00	took the Picture, caught my eye
01:46:45:00	01:46:48:00	and then this is China lights
01:46:48:00	01:46:49:00	Which is one of their big
01:46:49:00	01:46:49:00	fundraisers.
01:46:49:00	01:46:50:00	They've done it for I think
01:46:50:00	01:46:52:00	three or Four years now.
01:46:52:00	01:46:53:00	But I'm just gonna give you a
01:46:53:00	01:46:56:00	little sneak peek During
01:46:56:00	01:46:57:00	the day and then kind of trans
01:46:57:00	01:46:59:00	dressing into the night here.
01:46:59:00	01:47:03:00	So it's definitely Something to
01:47:03:00	01:47:03:00	go check out.
01:47:03:00	01:47:04:00	It's usually in September or
01:47:04:00	01:47:05:00	sometimes into October a little
01:47:05:00	01:47:09:00	Bit.
01:47:09:00	01:47:10:00	>> This is in Milwaukee hails
01:47:10:00	01:47:23:00	corners.
01:47:23:00	01:47:24:00	>> All right.
01:47:24:00	01:47:25:00	So now we're gonna head over to
01:47:25:00	01:47:25:00	Rotary Botanical Gardens in
01:47:25:00	01:47:27:00	Janesville.
01:47:27:00	01:47:28:00	I'm sure a lot of you familiar
01:47:28:00	01:47:28:00	with it.
01:47:28:00	01:47:29:00	It's a great place.
01:47:29:00	01:47:31:00	They use a huge amount of
01:47:31:00	01:47:31:00	annuals there.
01:47:31:00	01:47:32:00	So that's the big showstopper
01:47:32:00	01:47:38:00	for them And I think Mark said
01:47:38:00	01:47:39:00	he does about are they used to
01:47:39:00	01:47:41:00	have about one hundred and
01:47:41:00	01:47:42:00	Fifty thousand annuals that
01:47:42:00	01:47:42:00	they'd put in.
01:47:42:00	01:47:46:00	So one Thing about this is it
01:47:46:00	01:47:46:00	takes a while to put all those
01:47:46:00	01:47:47:00	in there.
01:47:47:00	01:47:47:00	So think about you know,
01:47:47:00	01:47:49:00	visiting in July maybe you
01:47:49:00	01:47:49:00	know, when they've had a chance
01:47:49:00	01:47:50:00	to get established and
01:47:50:00	01:47:50:00	everything.
01:47:50:00	01:47:52:00	They also have some Spring
01:47:52:00	01:47:53:00	blooms which you see here and
01:47:53:00	01:47:54:00	you can see all they have these
01:47:54:00	01:47:56:00	kind of tour tours, these
01:47:56:00	01:47:57:00	different sculptural elements
01:47:57:00	01:47:58:00	to give you some different bowl
01:47:58:00	01:48:00:00	texture Contrast with all
01:48:00:00	01:48:03:00	the plants.
01:48:03:00	01:48:04:00	Here's their spring display.
01:48:04:00	01:48:08:00	So they have these bulbs kind
01:48:08:00	01:48:09:00	of bouquet here which is a
01:48:09:00	01:48:09:00	different way to plant them.
01:48:09:00	01:48:11:00	>> Just dig a hole And kind of
01:48:11:00	01:48:12:00	like Chuck a handful of 50 in
01:48:12:00	01:48:15:00	their This is one of my
01:48:15:00	01:48:18:00	favorite ones the sensual touch
01:48:18:00	01:48:18:00	Tulip.
01:48:18:00	01:48:19:00	>> It's like a peony to up with
01:48:19:00	01:48:21:00	fringed pedaling So it's kind
01:48:21:00	01:48:25:00	of something different And I
01:48:25:00	01:48:26:00	was like this idea where you
01:48:26:00	01:48:27:00	have like a little display of
01:48:27:00	01:48:28:00	what's In bloom.
01:48:28:00	01:48:30:00	>> We've always tried to do
01:48:30:00	01:48:30:00	that at our garden but haven't
01:48:30:00	01:48:32:00	gotten Around to it for some
01:48:32:00	01:48:32:00	reason.
01:48:32:00	01:48:36:00	And then Mark has a market now
01:48:36:00	01:48:38:00	Mike have all these really cool
01:48:38:00	01:48:39:00	Displays and their containers.
01:48:39:00	01:48:42:00	This giant locational It's
01:48:42:00	01:48:43:00	huge.
01:48:43:00	01:48:45:00	And the other great thing
01:48:45:00	01:48:46:00	Visiting all these gardens is
01:48:46:00	01:48:47:00	it gives you an opportunity
01:48:47:00	01:48:50:00	take cool photographs If you're
01:48:50:00	01:48:51:00	a photographer you see a lot of
01:48:51:00	01:48:51:00	pictures further out of people
01:48:51:00	01:48:54:00	taking Pictures.
01:48:54:00	01:48:57:00	Another cool thing I wrote is
01:48:57:00	01:48:58:00	Art projects I do with high
01:48:58:00	01:48:59:00	schoolers or kids where they
01:48:59:00	01:49:01:00	give them a plywood Dragonfly
01:49:01:00	01:49:02:00	and they have them decorate and
01:49:02:00	01:49:03:00	then they have it throughout
01:49:03:00	01:49:04:00	the grounds and sell them off,
01:49:04:00	01:49:05:00	you know, to make profit for
01:49:05:00	01:49:12:00	the garden.
01:49:12:00	01:49:12:00	>> This is an interesting idea
01:49:12:00	01:49:13:00	of a screen or a hedge.
01:49:13:00	01:49:14:00	>> You know, you could use a
01:49:14:00	01:49:16:00	grass Instead of a shrub.
01:49:16:00	01:49:17:00	You know, it's going to take it
01:49:17:00	01:49:18:00	a while to grow throughout
01:49:18:00	01:49:18:00	the season.
01:49:18:00	01:49:19:00	But It's just a different way
01:49:19:00	01:49:23:00	to screen an area Like this
01:49:23:00	01:49:23:00	planting here of just, you
01:49:23:00	01:49:26:00	know, the yucca In
01:49:26:00	01:49:27:00	the container is simple.
01:49:27:00	01:49:30:00	I call this simple elegance And
01:49:30:00	01:49:30:00	they have a really amazing
01:49:30:00	01:49:33:00	Japanese garden as far as I
01:49:33:00	01:49:34:00	Think it's only one in
01:49:34:00	01:49:35:00	the state of Wisconsin.
01:49:35:00	01:49:36:00	>> And it's pretty amazing
01:49:36:00	01:49:37:00	Especially in the spring here
01:49:37:00	01:49:38:00	you can see these red buds in
01:49:38:00	01:49:38:00	bloom.
01:49:38:00	01:49:41:00	You can see the use Manicure
01:49:41:00	01:49:41:00	plant materials, the different
01:49:41:00	01:49:45:00	elements of the Japanese Garden
01:49:45:00	01:49:45:00	, the lanterns and things
01:49:45:00	01:49:46:00	the water feature.
01:49:46:00	01:49:48:00	And this Shows you just how you
01:49:48:00	01:49:49:00	can use one plant to effect
01:49:49:00	01:49:52:00	the ferns here or the Ginger in
01:49:52:00	01:49:52:00	this picture.
01:49:52:00	01:49:53:00	You know, a mass of one plant
01:49:53:00	01:49:54:00	can be very effective in a
01:49:54:00	01:49:56:00	landscape You don't have to
01:49:56:00	01:49:57:00	have all this other random
01:49:57:00	01:49:59:00	stuff necessarily The gravel
01:49:59:00	01:49:59:00	garden.
01:49:59:00	01:50:03:00	>> So Janesville There's so
01:50:03:00	01:50:04:00	much to see in the springtime
01:50:04:00	01:50:04:00	with this garden.
01:50:04:00	01:50:04:00	Right.
01:50:04:00	01:50:05:00	And the bulbs they haven't come
01:50:05:00	01:50:07:00	back And see all the annuals
01:50:07:00	01:50:08:00	later on in the season.
01:50:08:00	01:50:11:00	This picture here shows you
01:50:11:00	01:50:12:00	something kind of interesting.
01:50:12:00	01:50:13:00	I call it like the color
01:50:13:00	01:50:15:00	echoing Between the structure,
01:50:15:00	01:50:16:00	the paint on that structure and
01:50:16:00	01:50:19:00	then the biologic The Japanese
01:50:19:00	01:50:19:00	maple there.
01:50:19:00	01:50:20:00	So it's a very I don't think
01:50:20:00	01:50:22:00	it's a really Nice design
01:50:22:00	01:50:23:00	feature there with the building
01:50:23:00	01:50:25:00	mirroring The plant material
01:50:25:00	01:50:29:00	colors Something you could do
01:50:29:00	01:50:30:00	in your own yard pretty easily.
01:50:30:00	01:50:31:00	>> I mean you could just throw
01:50:31:00	01:50:36:00	a bench in there And then hear
01:50:36:00	01:50:37:00	some more of the glorious
01:50:37:00	01:50:38:00	annuals exploding throughout
01:50:38:00	01:50:40:00	the grounds Just all these
01:50:40:00	01:50:41:00	different riots of color and
01:50:41:00	01:50:43:00	texture.
01:50:43:00	01:50:44:00	It's pretty spectacular place
01:50:44:00	01:50:47:00	to go Then this garden here has
01:50:47:00	01:50:50:00	always this kind of blue white
01:50:50:00	01:50:52:00	Color theme so it kind of
01:50:52:00	01:50:52:00	contrasts with some of
01:50:52:00	01:50:52:00	the other areas.
01:50:52:00	01:50:54:00	Again the Furniture throw a
01:50:54:00	01:50:55:00	little piece of furniture in
01:50:55:00	01:50:57:00	there that stands out Makes it
01:50:57:00	01:51:01:00	kind of be its own element Use
01:51:01:00	01:51:02:00	of, you know, statuary garden
01:51:02:00	01:51:04:00	art and they're just One subtle
01:51:04:00	01:51:05:00	sculpture can make a difference
01:51:05:00	01:51:08:00	in the garden This is there
01:51:08:00	01:51:09:00	something garden which is a
01:51:09:00	01:51:12:00	wedding site in This hedge
01:51:12:00	01:51:13:00	always gets eaten by deer too.
01:51:13:00	01:51:14:00	>> So it's kind of like a
01:51:14:00	01:51:18:00	please Hedge almost by the deer
01:51:18:00	01:51:19:00	The popcorn plant you probably
01:51:19:00	01:51:20:00	have heard of this or smell any
01:51:20:00	01:51:22:00	kind of smells like Popcorn.
01:51:22:00	01:51:23:00	>> So one thing I liked how
01:51:23:00	01:51:24:00	they put it next to the pathway
01:51:24:00	01:51:26:00	so that it's Not like way back
01:51:26:00	01:51:27:00	in the garden but you have to
01:51:27:00	01:51:27:00	try to like trample through
01:51:27:00	01:51:27:00	there.
01:51:27:00	01:51:29:00	It's like Putting those plants
01:51:29:00	01:51:30:00	with the fragrance and things
01:51:30:00	01:51:31:00	like that really close to where
01:51:31:00	01:51:33:00	you're actually Going to
01:51:33:00	01:51:34:00	interact with them so that you
01:51:34:00	01:51:36:00	do interact with them Random
01:51:36:00	01:51:40:00	sculpture thrown in there And
01:51:40:00	01:51:41:00	then this is the newer wellness
01:51:41:00	01:51:44:00	garden where it's just a Huge
01:51:44:00	01:51:45:00	amount of color.
01:51:45:00	01:51:46:00	>> But this image is need I
01:51:46:00	01:51:48:00	think that shows You like
01:51:48:00	01:51:48:00	the contrast of all the madness
01:51:48:00	01:51:49:00	of color on the edges and then
01:51:49:00	01:51:52:00	that simple Planting in
01:51:52:00	01:51:52:00	the middle of it.
01:51:52:00	01:51:53:00	So I kind of like that contrast
01:51:53:00	01:51:55:00	so that I have a lot of
01:51:55:00	01:51:56:00	pictures of this from last year
01:51:56:00	01:51:57:00	in a previous year I saw it.
01:51:57:00	01:51:59:00	So I kind of go through this as
01:51:59:00	01:52:02:00	a giant castor bean And then
01:52:02:00	01:52:03:00	here's like some of the again
01:52:03:00	01:52:05:00	of that like kind of fall Color
01:52:05:00	01:52:06:00	scheme almost mixed in there.
01:52:06:00	01:52:09:00	>> I really like this
01:52:09:00	01:52:10:00	Combination is just like, you
01:52:10:00	01:52:11:00	know, a solo show  comb with
01:52:11:00	01:52:13:00	this white gown Farina Just was
01:52:13:00	01:52:14:00	very simple but very boom it
01:52:14:00	01:52:17:00	really stands out a Lot.
01:52:17:00	01:52:17:00	Can has those Christmas colors
01:52:17:00	01:52:18:00	of red and green which we don't
01:52:18:00	01:52:20:00	think We all using in our
01:52:20:00	01:52:21:00	plantings as much in the summer
01:52:21:00	01:52:23:00	months but it's a great Across
01:52:23:00	01:52:24:00	the color we'll contrast
01:52:24:00	01:52:27:00	complimentary Giant cartoon in
01:52:27:00	01:52:31:00	their Eyeball plant.
01:52:31:00	01:52:32:00	>> You know kind of a simple
01:52:32:00	01:52:35:00	thing that you see For sale
01:52:35:00	01:52:35:00	with the biggest ashy looks
01:52:35:00	01:52:38:00	pretty good And then this guy's
01:52:38:00	01:52:42:00	getting right up in There with
01:52:42:00	01:52:42:00	this camera.
01:52:42:00	01:52:43:00	>> So we can all probably going
01:52:43:00	01:52:45:00	crazy with all These photograph
01:52:45:00	01:52:45:00	opportunities here and then
01:52:45:00	01:52:49:00	they have this undersea Guy
01:52:49:00	01:52:49:00	which I think has been
01:52:49:00	01:52:50:00	decommissioned maybe but it's
01:52:50:00	01:52:50:00	kind of a funky thing.
01:52:50:00	01:52:52:00	It's like You're in a living
01:52:52:00	01:52:56:00	aquarium.
01:52:56:00	01:52:56:00	>> All right then they had
01:52:56:00	01:52:57:00	these different gardens with
01:52:57:00	01:52:59:00	countries.
01:52:59:00	01:52:59:00	So I learned something.
01:52:59:00	01:53:00:00	This is the Russian garden and
01:53:00:00	01:53:03:00	I learned How they harvest
01:53:03:00	01:53:03:00	camel meal.
01:53:03:00	01:53:06:00	Does anyone know how they do it
01:53:06:00	01:53:06:00	?
01:53:06:00	01:53:07:00	>> They hack it but I'm just
01:53:07:00	01:53:14:00	like oh.
01:53:14:00	01:53:18:00	>> And Then they also have a
01:53:18:00	01:53:19:00	light a huge light show.
01:53:19:00	01:53:21:00	So they were starting to Set it
01:53:21:00	01:53:22:00	all up until September even so
01:53:22:00	01:53:22:00	it's kind of crazy like you
01:53:22:00	01:53:25:00	know, just all The effort that
01:53:25:00	01:53:26:00	goes into the different light
01:53:26:00	01:53:28:00	chosen exhibits and things That
01:53:28:00	01:53:28:00	gardens have.
01:53:28:00	01:53:29:00	So you know, you'll think of
01:53:29:00	01:53:30:00	them as a garden but don't
01:53:30:00	01:53:32:00	forget about all The other
01:53:32:00	01:53:33:00	events and things that they
01:53:33:00	01:53:33:00	have that you know are
01:53:33:00	01:53:33:00	interesting.
01:53:33:00	01:53:38:00	You know, parts Of a visit.
01:53:38:00	01:53:39:00	>> Yeah, I found this random
01:53:39:00	01:53:40:00	little skull hanging out there
01:53:40:00	01:53:42:00	so I was different Now just
01:53:42:00	01:53:43:00	getting it is cool of the day
01:53:43:00	01:53:44:00	and it was the day of the dead
01:53:44:00	01:53:45:00	by a different Mexico.
01:53:45:00	01:53:47:00	All right then Allen Centennial
01:53:47:00	01:53:47:00	Gardens up to Madison.
01:53:47:00	01:53:51:00	Well, this is a great little
01:53:51:00	01:53:52:00	garden on the campus of UW
01:53:52:00	01:53:54:00	Madison.
01:53:54:00	01:53:55:00	Ben Feud has been doing a lot
01:53:55:00	01:53:56:00	of great things there with his
01:53:56:00	01:53:56:00	staff.
01:53:56:00	01:53:57:00	They have this kind Of Dutch
01:53:57:00	01:53:58:00	wave style garden that is
01:53:58:00	01:54:01:00	outside.
01:54:01:00	01:54:02:00	It's 30 years old.
01:54:02:00	01:54:02:00	>> So that's they're
01:54:02:00	01:54:05:00	celebrating That these are some
01:54:05:00	01:54:08:00	crazy containers that they Used
01:54:08:00	01:54:09:00	to have back in the day with
01:54:09:00	01:54:09:00	just a specimen.
01:54:09:00	01:54:10:00	So you can see where like a
01:54:10:00	01:54:12:00	similar material Container with
01:54:12:00	01:54:13:00	different specimens can be a
01:54:13:00	01:54:16:00	great planting in a garden And
01:54:16:00	01:54:19:00	I really like what they do,
01:54:19:00	01:54:20:00	Alan is like activating
01:54:20:00	01:54:20:00	the space with these different
01:54:20:00	01:54:23:00	events and partnerships, things
01:54:23:00	01:54:23:00	like that.
01:54:23:00	01:54:25:00	>> So it's a lot of times a
01:54:25:00	01:54:25:00	garden is almost like a
01:54:25:00	01:54:27:00	backdrop for different Events
01:54:27:00	01:54:28:00	or things that are going on in
01:54:28:00	01:54:28:00	your life.
01:54:28:00	01:54:29:00	So think about how you can Use
01:54:29:00	01:54:33:00	that garden that way.
01:54:33:00	01:54:34:00	>> They have these really great
01:54:34:00	01:54:34:00	signs too.
01:54:34:00	01:54:36:00	I like that because it kind of
01:54:36:00	01:54:38:00	shows you And tells you and
01:54:38:00	01:54:38:00	educate you without having to
01:54:38:00	01:54:41:00	have a person there or a docent
01:54:41:00	01:54:41:00	There.
01:54:41:00	01:54:42:00	So they did some air speeding
01:54:42:00	01:54:43:00	around this and then they piped
01:54:43:00	01:54:44:00	it looks like some side you're
01:54:44:00	01:54:45:00	on there and Saw a lot of that
01:54:45:00	01:54:45:00	at Albert too.
01:54:45:00	01:54:47:00	We have kind of like a living
01:54:47:00	01:54:49:00	mulch, you know of these
01:54:49:00	01:54:49:00	smudges or grasses and things
01:54:49:00	01:54:50:00	around the base of your trees
01:54:50:00	01:54:52:00	so you don't Close to him and
01:54:52:00	01:54:55:00	damage the roads either that
01:54:55:00	01:54:56:00	Really great gravel alpine
01:54:56:00	01:54:56:00	garden.
01:54:56:00	01:54:59:00	>> I'd say that one's The best
01:54:59:00	01:55:00:00	in the state of Wisconsin with
01:55:00:00	01:55:03:00	the spine of these rocks Put up
01:55:03:00	01:55:03:00	like this and all these great
01:55:03:00	01:55:06:00	little alpine plants The hyper
01:55:06:00	01:55:07:00	two foot troughs.
01:55:07:00	01:55:08:00	I like this idea where you can
01:55:08:00	01:55:11:00	just have your hyper Too far
01:55:11:00	01:55:11:00	out into the garden and maybe
01:55:11:00	01:55:12:00	over winter it's somewhere in a
01:55:12:00	01:55:15:00	gradual Do something also there
01:55:15:00	01:55:16:00	but then you can just plop it
01:55:16:00	01:55:16:00	out there in your garden and
01:55:16:00	01:55:18:00	you could do The same thing
01:55:18:00	01:55:19:00	with something that you might
01:55:19:00	01:55:19:00	over winter.
01:55:19:00	01:55:21:00	You know instead of replanting
01:55:21:00	01:55:22:00	You just find a little spot for
01:55:22:00	01:55:23:00	it in your yard.
01:55:23:00	01:55:25:00	Great little combination here
01:55:25:00	01:55:26:00	of Rattlesnake Master and
01:55:26:00	01:55:29:00	Verbena Ben-Ari So so self
01:55:29:00	01:55:30:00	seeding annual with the native
01:55:30:00	01:55:32:00	plants There's this little
01:55:32:00	01:55:36:00	kitchen garden area The swan
01:55:36:00	01:55:36:00	plants a lot of people's
01:55:36:00	01:55:39:00	favorite plants In our garden
01:55:39:00	01:55:40:00	and they love that thing.
01:55:40:00	01:55:42:00	This looks like Biscuits
01:55:42:00	01:55:45:00	amaranth or some other cultivar
01:55:45:00	01:55:46:00	And then I found this little
01:55:46:00	01:55:47:00	area last year that I like
01:55:47:00	01:55:50:00	those kind of almost Like a
01:55:50:00	01:55:51:00	little I don't know I call it
01:55:51:00	01:55:53:00	like a Islamic chapel a little
01:55:53:00	01:55:54:00	Area with that design but it
01:55:54:00	01:55:55:00	had this container here with
01:55:55:00	01:55:57:00	these Floating flowers.
01:55:57:00	01:55:58:00	So I thought that was a cool
01:55:58:00	01:55:58:00	idea.
01:55:58:00	01:56:01:00	I've seen it as Chanticleer To
01:56:01:00	01:56:01:00	where the interns would do a
01:56:01:00	01:56:02:00	little like display in there.
01:56:02:00	01:56:03:00	That's like a way that you
01:56:03:00	01:56:05:00	could Take your flowers or day
01:56:05:00	01:56:06:00	lilies especially that only
01:56:06:00	01:56:08:00	lasted a and kind of like Have
01:56:08:00	01:56:09:00	a way to showcase them and do a
01:56:09:00	01:56:09:00	little floral display with
01:56:09:00	01:56:12:00	the plants in Your garden you
01:56:12:00	01:56:13:00	know almost every day or every
01:56:13:00	01:56:15:00	week in your in your garden
01:56:15:00	01:56:16:00	Obviously something has to hold
01:56:16:00	01:56:21:00	water but there are A lot of
01:56:21:00	01:56:22:00	pots like that And then this is
01:56:22:00	01:56:23:00	gonna be a new garden there.
01:56:23:00	01:56:26:00	>> So I saw the signage And
01:56:26:00	01:56:27:00	thought I would share that with
01:56:27:00	01:56:27:00	you to come and check that out.
01:56:27:00	01:56:28:00	This garden again is free.
01:56:28:00	01:56:29:00	You can just Walk onto it.
01:56:29:00	01:56:30:00	You know, if you're in
01:56:30:00	01:56:31:00	the campus of Madison or in
01:56:31:00	01:56:33:00	the area And they have a booth
01:56:33:00	01:56:34:00	out that you can check out
01:56:34:00	01:56:37:00	their activities for this year
01:56:37:00	01:56:37:00	Rack chopped in half.
01:56:37:00	01:56:41:00	Just Wanted to throw that in
01:56:41:00	01:56:44:00	there and then the fire hydrant
01:56:44:00	01:56:44:00	Contrasting color combination
01:56:44:00	01:56:48:00	of red and green Oak Brook
01:56:48:00	01:56:51:00	Botanical Garden Jeff Whupping
01:56:51:00	01:56:52:00	Is here in the crowd a director
01:56:52:00	01:56:52:00	of horticulture.
01:56:52:00	01:56:55:00	Amazing Garden, right?
01:56:55:00	01:56:56:00	It's spectacular.
01:56:56:00	01:56:57:00	They have all these great
01:56:57:00	01:56:59:00	containers.
01:56:59:00	01:57:00:00	I really like this sense of
01:57:00:00	01:57:01:00	arrival and entry when you get
01:57:01:00	01:57:03:00	there with all the containers
01:57:03:00	01:57:04:00	Like this is really interesting
01:57:04:00	01:57:06:00	how they used logs, the birch
01:57:06:00	01:57:07:00	things we do that in our garden
01:57:07:00	01:57:08:00	too.
01:57:08:00	01:57:10:00	>> We scavenge Random
01:57:10:00	01:57:11:00	materials, you know.
01:57:11:00	01:57:12:00	So if you have to remove a tree
01:57:12:00	01:57:14:00	or something, think about
01:57:14:00	01:57:15:00	Saving a piece of it to add to
01:57:15:00	01:57:17:00	your container design This is
01:57:17:00	01:57:22:00	the fruit je I want to see
01:57:22:00	01:57:22:00	learning center that's gonna be
01:57:22:00	01:57:25:00	completed this year so That's a
01:57:25:00	01:57:26:00	new thing to come check out an
01:57:26:00	01:57:27:00	old brick botanical gardens it
01:57:27:00	01:57:28:00	was under Construction when I
01:57:28:00	01:57:29:00	went there so I was enjoy
01:57:29:00	01:57:32:00	seeing like how Things are
01:57:32:00	01:57:33:00	getting built and what's
01:57:33:00	01:57:33:00	happening around there, how
01:57:33:00	01:57:35:00	you're trying To protect this
01:57:35:00	01:57:35:00	tree.
01:57:35:00	01:57:39:00	>> There's great information
01:57:39:00	01:57:39:00	about monarchs and the Bulls
01:57:39:00	01:57:43:00	Conservatory Has a butterfly
01:57:43:00	01:57:43:00	exhibit that I'm sure a lot of
01:57:43:00	01:57:44:00	you are familiar with and if
01:57:44:00	01:57:46:00	you're not come check That out.
01:57:46:00	01:57:47:00	Here's more shots of
01:57:47:00	01:57:50:00	the construction So that it's
01:57:50:00	01:57:50:00	gonna be exciting to see
01:57:50:00	01:57:53:00	the finished product of that
01:57:53:00	01:57:54:00	And you can see all the things
01:57:54:00	01:57:55:00	that you have to do is
01:57:55:00	01:57:57:00	the horticulture staff To work
01:57:57:00	01:57:58:00	around that and figure out what
01:57:58:00	01:57:59:00	you're gonna say, what you're
01:57:59:00	01:58:01:00	gonna not Be able to save and
01:58:01:00	01:58:01:00	how you're gonna replanted.
01:58:01:00	01:58:02:00	>> So that's always exciting.
01:58:02:00	01:58:05:00	The Succulents you can see
01:58:05:00	01:58:05:00	that's a trend succulents
01:58:05:00	01:58:08:00	everywhere I like I really like
01:58:08:00	01:58:09:00	this planting here is more of a
01:58:09:00	01:58:11:00	contemporary thing.
01:58:11:00	01:58:12:00	>> It's simple elegance with
01:58:12:00	01:58:13:00	just a couple of things the box
01:58:13:00	01:58:16:00	words and the Hekmat grass but
01:58:16:00	01:58:16:00	it looks really nice with just
01:58:16:00	01:58:19:00	those two things Combined with
01:58:19:00	01:58:19:00	that sculpture they have great
01:58:19:00	01:58:23:00	interpretive Signs that Oberg
01:58:23:00	01:58:24:00	sell you a bill to find your
01:58:24:00	01:58:29:00	way back to the visitor center
01:58:29:00	01:58:29:00	.
01:58:29:00	01:58:31:00	>> Yeah and then Holbrook has
01:58:31:00	01:58:34:00	this Event called Gleam which
01:58:34:00	01:58:35:00	is an outdoor night light
01:58:35:00	01:58:38:00	exhibit so It's not a holiday
01:58:38:00	01:58:38:00	thing but it's in like
01:58:38:00	01:58:39:00	September ish.
01:58:39:00	01:58:40:00	>> October ish, right Jeff?
01:58:40:00	01:58:41:00	So they have different artists
01:58:41:00	01:58:45:00	install lights and Then you go
01:58:45:00	01:58:45:00	and interact with the garden at
01:58:45:00	01:58:46:00	night.
01:58:46:00	01:58:47:00	So it's a different way to see
01:58:47:00	01:58:48:00	that space And last year it had
01:58:48:00	01:58:50:00	neon.
01:58:50:00	01:58:55:00	I don't want that Kind of a
01:58:55:00	01:58:59:00	crazy thing At all because this
01:58:59:00	01:59:00:00	hedge was overgrown so they had
01:59:00:00	01:59:02:00	to remove it.
01:59:02:00	01:59:03:00	>> So every time just like we
01:59:03:00	01:59:06:00	said it burner as Our gardens
01:59:06:00	01:59:07:00	are getting older we've have to
01:59:07:00	01:59:09:00	revitalize and renovate them.
01:59:09:00	01:59:10:00	So what they did with all parts
01:59:10:00	01:59:13:00	of the Cornice moss hedge was
01:59:13:00	01:59:14:00	incorporate them into their
01:59:14:00	01:59:17:00	design.
01:59:17:00	01:59:18:00	So that was kind of funky is
01:59:18:00	01:59:18:00	the familiars used here you can
01:59:18:00	01:59:20:00	see This photographer again is
01:59:20:00	01:59:21:00	getting up in there getting a
01:59:21:00	01:59:24:00	shot And this isn't from a
01:59:24:00	01:59:25:00	previous year it was this water
01:59:25:00	01:59:29:00	cauldron Fountain The sunken
01:59:29:00	01:59:30:00	garden at Oak Brook.
01:59:30:00	01:59:33:00	>> These are some Old pictures
01:59:33:00	01:59:34:00	I found because I was like I
01:59:34:00	01:59:35:00	need more pictures of old brick
01:59:35:00	01:59:36:00	and I think this is like from
01:59:36:00	01:59:37:00	2000 Twelve or something like
01:59:37:00	01:59:37:00	that.
01:59:37:00	01:59:38:00	But it's kind of neat to see
01:59:38:00	01:59:41:00	how you use those sculptures Or
01:59:41:00	01:59:44:00	an art element in the garden.
01:59:44:00	01:59:48:00	>> There's another shot And
01:59:48:00	01:59:49:00	then Oberg is kind of getting
01:59:49:00	01:59:51:00	famous for these gravel gardens
01:59:51:00	01:59:52:00	If their booth at Oberg they
01:59:52:00	01:59:52:00	can explain it a lot better
01:59:52:00	01:59:55:00	than I can but in essence Have
01:59:55:00	01:59:56:00	like four or five inches of
01:59:56:00	01:59:56:00	angular gravel that you put
01:59:56:00	01:59:59:00	down And then you take your
01:59:59:00	02:00:00:00	perennial and then you move
02:00:00:00	02:00:02:00	the gravel Aside and plant
02:00:02:00	02:00:03:00	the base of the perennial
02:00:03:00	02:00:04:00	touching the soil and then
02:00:04:00	02:00:06:00	the gravel Becomes your mulch.
02:00:06:00	02:00:07:00	So the idea is that we'd sees
02:00:07:00	02:00:10:00	it fall on top the First thing
02:00:10:00	02:00:11:00	that comes out is the radical
02:00:11:00	02:00:12:00	the root it can't germinate,
02:00:12:00	02:00:13:00	the root grows But it never
02:00:13:00	02:00:14:00	gets to the soil.
02:00:14:00	02:00:15:00	So then the weeds he dies so it
02:00:15:00	02:00:17:00	never Really can get
02:00:17:00	02:00:17:00	established.
02:00:17:00	02:00:18:00	So the idea is that you don't
02:00:18:00	02:00:21:00	have to do so much weeding
02:00:21:00	02:00:21:00	Which is a good thing.
02:00:21:00	02:00:22:00	Right.
02:00:22:00	02:00:23:00	And then the thing you have to
02:00:23:00	02:00:24:00	do I mean it's wise it's kind
02:00:24:00	02:00:25:00	of in the Springtime clean up
02:00:25:00	02:00:25:00	that dead, you know, debris and
02:00:25:00	02:00:28:00	foliage and not let it Make a
02:00:28:00	02:00:29:00	layer of compost on top because
02:00:29:00	02:00:30:00	then the weed seeds could grow
02:00:30:00	02:00:32:00	in their So that's my take of
02:00:32:00	02:00:32:00	it.
02:00:32:00	02:00:35:00	>> But Jeff can tell you a lot
02:00:35:00	02:00:36:00	Better what it's all about.
02:00:36:00	02:00:36:00	But they have this really great
02:00:36:00	02:00:37:00	garden there and there's a lot
02:00:37:00	02:00:39:00	of gravel Gardens there.
02:00:39:00	02:00:40:00	So it's an interesting way to
02:00:40:00	02:00:41:00	think about changing your
02:00:41:00	02:00:43:00	landscape And you can see here
02:00:43:00	02:00:43:00	this is just showing the same
02:00:43:00	02:00:46:00	area but how it changes
02:00:46:00	02:00:47:00	Throughout the season in
02:00:47:00	02:00:47:00	celebrating the seed as I call
02:00:47:00	02:00:50:00	the celebrating senescence Or
02:00:50:00	02:00:51:00	the death of the plant its
02:00:51:00	02:00:53:00	lifecycle.
02:00:53:00	02:00:57:00	>> So here's just a bunch
02:00:57:00	02:00:58:00	Different shots again
02:00:58:00	02:01:01:00	the furniture In this area here
02:01:01:00	02:01:02:00	just shows you again a simple
02:01:02:00	02:01:05:00	planting That has a lot of
02:01:05:00	02:01:05:00	effect with the different
02:01:05:00	02:01:06:00	textures and contrasts of
02:01:06:00	02:01:08:00	the arbor Vida with the prairie
02:01:08:00	02:01:15:00	drop seed or sage Then they
02:01:15:00	02:01:16:00	have a really great herb garden
02:01:16:00	02:01:16:00	here too.
02:01:16:00	02:01:20:00	>> You can see Where you know
02:01:20:00	02:01:20:00	their staff has made these
02:01:20:00	02:01:21:00	really neat willow fences
02:01:21:00	02:01:26:00	Sculptures, the birdhouse
02:01:26:00	02:01:26:00	gourd, this little partner
02:01:26:00	02:01:30:00	garden something you Do in your
02:01:30:00	02:01:30:00	own yard the artichoke,
02:01:30:00	02:01:33:00	the Paul Paul largest tree
02:01:33:00	02:01:34:00	fruit native to the United
02:01:34:00	02:01:36:00	States.
02:01:36:00	02:01:37:00	>> Well that thing and then I
02:01:37:00	02:01:40:00	felt came across this little
02:01:40:00	02:01:41:00	Kind of like back area at Oak
02:01:41:00	02:01:42:00	Brook last year that I really
02:01:42:00	02:01:45:00	found intriguing Where it made
02:01:45:00	02:01:45:00	me think of like a little
02:01:45:00	02:01:47:00	Edwardian case or something
02:01:47:00	02:01:48:00	Like that.
02:01:48:00	02:01:49:00	But it was just a bunch of you
02:01:49:00	02:01:51:00	know, like random rocks, bricks
02:01:51:00	02:01:52:00	, plants things off to
02:01:52:00	02:01:52:00	the side.
02:01:52:00	02:01:53:00	So I thought that was kind of
02:01:53:00	02:01:55:00	like a cool Little niche
02:01:55:00	02:01:58:00	vignette thing that a person
02:01:58:00	02:01:59:00	Could do in their own yard
02:01:59:00	02:02:00:00	pretty easily and it looks
02:02:00:00	02:02:03:00	really neat And here's again
02:02:03:00	02:02:05:00	the use of these different
02:02:05:00	02:02:06:00	Stages and grasses kind of
02:02:06:00	02:02:07:00	underneath the roots of a tree
02:02:07:00	02:02:10:00	so You have to mow around it.
02:02:10:00	02:02:12:00	>> It kind of adds habitat
02:02:12:00	02:02:13:00	Larger scale of it the Thai
02:02:13:00	02:02:17:00	pavilion that's an Amazing
02:02:17:00	02:02:17:00	the only one the United States
02:02:17:00	02:02:20:00	it's spectacular Just to see
02:02:20:00	02:02:21:00	that and all the tropical
02:02:21:00	02:02:23:00	plants around it.
02:02:23:00	02:02:25:00	>> Here are some of these
02:02:25:00	02:02:25:00	humongous elephant years and
02:02:25:00	02:02:28:00	other tropical Castor beans.
02:02:28:00	02:02:29:00	It gives you ideas of what you
02:02:29:00	02:02:32:00	could do.
02:02:32:00	02:02:32:00	You know, that's pretty
02:02:32:00	02:02:33:00	amazing.
02:02:33:00	02:02:33:00	But the other great thing is
02:02:33:00	02:02:35:00	you don't have All the work.
02:02:35:00	02:02:36:00	You just come to the public
02:02:36:00	02:02:39:00	garden, enjoy it, go get lunch
02:02:39:00	02:02:39:00	, relax.
02:02:39:00	02:02:40:00	You know, Wisconsin is really
02:02:40:00	02:02:43:00	blessed in our public gardens
02:02:43:00	02:02:44:00	The Rose Garden here it's a
02:02:44:00	02:02:44:00	more of a contemporary rose
02:02:44:00	02:02:46:00	garden with a lot of perennials
02:02:46:00	02:02:47:00	Shrub roses mixed in there.
02:02:47:00	02:02:48:00	I really love these planting
02:02:48:00	02:02:50:00	pockets where You leave space
02:02:50:00	02:02:51:00	in a heart escape for some
02:02:51:00	02:02:54:00	plant materials to soften it so
02:02:54:00	02:02:54:00	That again something that a
02:02:54:00	02:02:57:00	person could do them selves
02:02:57:00	02:03:01:00	Succulents.
02:03:01:00	02:03:05:00	Here's The use of a specimen
02:03:05:00	02:03:06:00	plant you know in a container.
02:03:06:00	02:03:09:00	Just one simple thing Makes a
02:03:09:00	02:03:10:00	big difference and it's a plant
02:03:10:00	02:03:10:00	that you can then over winter
02:03:10:00	02:03:12:00	in your house You know this at
02:03:12:00	02:03:13:00	this garden here I think is
02:03:13:00	02:03:13:00	amazing.
02:03:13:00	02:03:16:00	>> But what I like to think
02:03:16:00	02:03:17:00	About is like instead of a fire
02:03:17:00	02:03:17:00	pit.
02:03:17:00	02:03:20:00	How about a planting Pit?
02:03:20:00	02:03:21:00	How in the middle of your heart
02:03:21:00	02:03:23:00	skip planting pit They have
02:03:23:00	02:03:24:00	something like that at
02:03:24:00	02:03:27:00	the arboretum to then there's
02:03:27:00	02:03:27:00	This container garden where
02:03:27:00	02:03:28:00	they're sunk right into
02:03:28:00	02:03:30:00	the water feature
02:03:30:00	02:03:30:00	The conservatory.
02:03:30:00	02:03:31:00	>> I just have a couple of
02:03:31:00	02:03:34:00	shots so you don't forget About
02:03:34:00	02:03:35:00	that especially in the winter
02:03:35:00	02:03:35:00	months if you want a place to
02:03:35:00	02:03:38:00	go to get rejuvenated To see
02:03:38:00	02:03:39:00	some greenery, check out
02:03:39:00	02:03:39:00	the bowls conservatory.
02:03:39:00	02:03:41:00	There's the Butterfly show.
02:03:41:00	02:03:45:00	You know in the summer months.
02:03:45:00	02:03:46:00	>> Here's some of our staff
02:03:46:00	02:03:48:00	contemplating life The attack
02:03:48:00	02:03:49:00	for all of the Education
02:03:49:00	02:03:53:00	Department's I don't know what
02:03:53:00	02:03:53:00	it is.
02:03:53:00	02:03:54:00	>> I just saw the sign.
02:03:54:00	02:03:56:00	I thought it was crazy.
02:03:56:00	02:03:56:00	Yeah.
02:03:56:00	02:03:59:00	Then the university Wisconsin
02:03:59:00	02:04:00:00	Madison has a lot of little,
02:04:00:00	02:04:01:00	you know, landscaped areas
02:04:01:00	02:04:03:00	pocket gardens.
02:04:03:00	02:04:04:00	We found this like Botany
02:04:04:00	02:04:06:00	Garden had been revitalized I
02:04:06:00	02:04:07:00	think in the last number of
02:04:07:00	02:04:07:00	years.
02:04:07:00	02:04:08:00	So it's just right on campus
02:04:08:00	02:04:10:00	kind of Chamberlain Hall and
02:04:10:00	02:04:13:00	University and it's kind Laid
02:04:13:00	02:04:14:00	out by family but really nice,
02:04:14:00	02:04:17:00	you know, hard Escape elements,
02:04:17:00	02:04:18:00	sculptural elements had some
02:04:18:00	02:04:20:00	annuals thrown in There and
02:04:20:00	02:04:21:00	then it has, you know, a
02:04:21:00	02:04:24:00	teaching side to The families
02:04:24:00	02:04:28:00	of plant materials magnolias.
02:04:28:00	02:04:33:00	Supposedly a tree Grafted from
02:04:33:00	02:04:33:00	Sir Isaac Newton's apple that
02:04:33:00	02:04:34:00	fell on his head.
02:04:34:00	02:04:36:00	>> So I was hoping To be
02:04:36:00	02:04:36:00	enlightened.
02:04:36:00	02:04:37:00	I think it did more damage than
02:04:37:00	02:04:39:00	good.
02:04:39:00	02:04:40:00	And then this is kind of an
02:04:40:00	02:04:44:00	interesting Little staircase.
02:04:44:00	02:04:45:00	There were sick you know, these
02:04:45:00	02:04:47:00	concrete steppers Carolyn Tower
02:04:47:00	02:04:47:00	swing by that if you're walking
02:04:47:00	02:04:50:00	around campus Has a really nice
02:04:50:00	02:04:54:00	little annual planting Then
02:04:54:00	02:04:54:00	this was a funky new addition
02:04:54:00	02:04:55:00	thing that I thought would be
02:04:55:00	02:04:58:00	great for grown hops And then
02:04:58:00	02:05:02:00	there's the W W A Station in
02:05:02:00	02:05:02:00	Madison too on the west side of
02:05:02:00	02:05:03:00	town kind of south of
02:05:03:00	02:05:05:00	the beltline that really It's
02:05:05:00	02:05:06:00	kind of you know a trial garden
02:05:06:00	02:05:07:00	so you can get ideas of new
02:05:07:00	02:05:09:00	plants Coming out on
02:05:09:00	02:05:09:00	the market.
02:05:09:00	02:05:10:00	>> All right.
02:05:10:00	02:05:12:00	>> Now we're headed back north
02:05:12:00	02:05:13:00	To Sheboygan Painter Center and
02:05:13:00	02:05:16:00	Gardens Oshkosh my dad Oshkosh.
02:05:16:00	02:05:20:00	Yes, we've already Been there.
02:05:20:00	02:05:21:00	We're going to Oshkosh.
02:05:21:00	02:05:21:00	Has everyone here anyone anyone
02:05:21:00	02:05:24:00	invented this garden?
02:05:24:00	02:05:24:00	All right, great.
02:05:24:00	02:05:25:00	Yeah.
02:05:25:00	02:05:26:00	>> So I mean they have like a
02:05:26:00	02:05:27:00	great Display of spring bulbs
02:05:27:00	02:05:28:00	and they've been adding
02:05:28:00	02:05:31:00	different displays To the newer
02:05:31:00	02:05:32:00	buildings and if you've been
02:05:32:00	02:05:33:00	there in the last year, you
02:05:33:00	02:05:35:00	know that they have A sunken
02:05:35:00	02:05:35:00	garden and then they're working
02:05:35:00	02:05:36:00	on some other gardens that
02:05:36:00	02:05:38:00	parking Lot expansion and
02:05:38:00	02:05:39:00	there's a kind of like a white
02:05:39:00	02:05:39:00	garden.
02:05:39:00	02:05:41:00	So these are Just some cool
02:05:41:00	02:05:45:00	combinations.
02:05:45:00	02:05:45:00	Here's the sunken garden.
02:05:45:00	02:05:46:00	>> This was the tulip display
02:05:46:00	02:05:47:00	last year.
02:05:47:00	02:05:51:00	I Think I really liked
02:05:51:00	02:05:52:00	the color combination that
02:05:52:00	02:05:52:00	Sheila Lasky picked there.
02:05:52:00	02:05:55:00	You know the problem when I
02:05:55:00	02:05:56:00	went there was these double
02:05:56:00	02:05:58:00	flowering teeny tulips get So
02:05:58:00	02:05:59:00	heavy and they had a rainstorm
02:05:59:00	02:06:00:00	and they just all flopped to
02:06:00:00	02:06:02:00	the ground Unfortunately.
02:06:02:00	02:06:03:00	>> But like the combination
02:06:03:00	02:06:06:00	chosen was great Color.
02:06:06:00	02:06:07:00	I called the brick and
02:06:07:00	02:06:07:00	the other hard escape elements.
02:06:07:00	02:06:08:00	So it's a really great
02:06:08:00	02:06:10:00	selection.
02:06:10:00	02:06:11:00	There's some awesome container
02:06:11:00	02:06:13:00	plantings, the bathroom Hello
02:06:13:00	02:06:14:00	bringing the flowers in.
02:06:14:00	02:06:15:00	That's just a really great
02:06:15:00	02:06:17:00	little Bouquet.
02:06:17:00	02:06:18:00	You know, to greet you in
02:06:18:00	02:06:20:00	the restroom facility Again
02:06:20:00	02:06:20:00	simple elegance.
02:06:20:00	02:06:25:00	>> This is a nice Combination
02:06:25:00	02:06:26:00	where this magnolia color
02:06:26:00	02:06:28:00	echoes the crab apple blossom.
02:06:28:00	02:06:29:00	So when you're picking your
02:06:29:00	02:06:29:00	individual plants, make sure
02:06:29:00	02:06:30:00	you think about those things
02:06:30:00	02:06:31:00	like when Does it bloom?
02:06:31:00	02:06:32:00	What's the exact color?
02:06:32:00	02:06:33:00	Can you make some of these
02:06:33:00	02:06:34:00	little combinations and your
02:06:34:00	02:06:39:00	designs And let them know now
02:06:39:00	02:06:39:00	Where they're at summer?
02:06:39:00	02:06:40:00	Here's the newer garden area.
02:06:40:00	02:06:42:00	I think this was Just this
02:06:42:00	02:06:43:00	summer where it was just, you
02:06:43:00	02:06:44:00	know, recently planted with Ali
02:06:44:00	02:06:46:00	Millennium Miss Campus.
02:06:46:00	02:06:47:00	This is kind of like a soft
02:06:47:00	02:06:50:00	pastel garden And it's adjacent
02:06:50:00	02:06:51:00	to this kind of wedding area a
02:06:51:00	02:06:53:00	little bit past There.
02:06:53:00	02:06:54:00	>> And then this was this was
02:06:54:00	02:06:57:00	the sunken garden this year And
02:06:57:00	02:06:58:00	this is again that idea of like
02:06:58:00	02:06:59:00	these colors are very, you
02:06:59:00	02:07:01:00	know, autumnal.
02:07:01:00	02:07:02:00	So they're kind of building
02:07:02:00	02:07:03:00	that interest, you know, for
02:07:03:00	02:07:05:00	summer and Fall so they don't
02:07:05:00	02:07:08:00	have to switch everything out
02:07:08:00	02:07:09:00	And the different texture of
02:07:09:00	02:07:10:00	the grasses into sprinkled in
02:07:10:00	02:07:12:00	there Random little angel
02:07:12:00	02:07:15:00	figurines were kind of Like
02:07:15:00	02:07:16:00	tucked away.
02:07:16:00	02:07:17:00	>> So a little thing for people
02:07:17:00	02:07:19:00	to find or kids even Another
02:07:19:00	02:07:22:00	great container planting Like
02:07:22:00	02:07:23:00	these close up shots of some of
02:07:23:00	02:07:26:00	these giant leaves like this.
02:07:26:00	02:07:27:00	This is a neat idea.
02:07:27:00	02:07:28:00	Like a it's a dragonfly made
02:07:28:00	02:07:29:00	out of Containers.
02:07:29:00	02:07:31:00	So that was in the children's
02:07:31:00	02:07:34:00	area there Some ornamental
02:07:34:00	02:07:34:00	edibles that they have in
02:07:34:00	02:07:38:00	the back area, some butterflies
02:07:38:00	02:07:40:00	hanging out there.
02:07:40:00	02:07:41:00	>> All right.
02:07:41:00	02:07:42:00	Now we're gonna head up to Monk
02:07:42:00	02:07:42:00	Gardens quick.
02:07:42:00	02:07:45:00	>> This is kind of a garden
02:07:45:00	02:07:46:00	under construction.
02:07:46:00	02:07:47:00	It's like one of the youngest
02:07:47:00	02:07:48:00	public Gardens.
02:07:48:00	02:07:49:00	So I think they're hiring a
02:07:49:00	02:07:50:00	director of horticulture if
02:07:50:00	02:07:52:00	anybody Wants a job up there,
02:07:52:00	02:07:53:00	it's paying pretty good
02:07:53:00	02:07:53:00	actually.
02:07:53:00	02:07:53:00	Check it out.
02:07:53:00	02:07:56:00	>> P.J., it's in Warsaw.
02:07:56:00	02:07:57:00	>> It's a kind of on the north
02:07:57:00	02:08:00:00	ish side of Warsaw, Wisconsin.
02:08:00:00	02:08:00:00	Yeah.
02:08:00:00	02:08:04:00	So like I said, it's still
02:08:04:00	02:08:05:00	really being built.
02:08:05:00	02:08:05:00	But one of the things they do
02:08:05:00	02:08:07:00	have is this really nice
02:08:07:00	02:08:07:00	Pavilion.
02:08:07:00	02:08:08:00	It has the restroom facilities.
02:08:08:00	02:08:11:00	It's a rental space For outdoor
02:08:11:00	02:08:11:00	activities.
02:08:11:00	02:08:12:00	We had a little garden group
02:08:12:00	02:08:12:00	that went up there.
02:08:12:00	02:08:15:00	They Catered it in but they
02:08:15:00	02:08:16:00	also have this wood burning
02:08:16:00	02:08:16:00	pizza area.
02:08:16:00	02:08:18:00	So that's kind of neat.
02:08:18:00	02:08:19:00	And the other thing I noticed
02:08:19:00	02:08:22:00	is they have Really great
02:08:22:00	02:08:22:00	partnership with the Hmong
02:08:22:00	02:08:23:00	community there.
02:08:23:00	02:08:23:00	There's a lot of Hmong
02:08:23:00	02:08:25:00	gardeners there so they're kind
02:08:25:00	02:08:26:00	Trying to like, you know, build
02:08:26:00	02:08:26:00	bridges between their
02:08:26:00	02:08:29:00	communities and show, you know,
02:08:29:00	02:08:29:00	the Vegetable growing skills
02:08:29:00	02:08:33:00	and the tradition of the Hmong
02:08:33:00	02:08:34:00	That we're taking care of this
02:08:34:00	02:08:34:00	garden there and that's
02:08:34:00	02:08:36:00	prevalent in their community
02:08:36:00	02:08:37:00	And then they have this area
02:08:37:00	02:08:38:00	here that's going to become a
02:08:38:00	02:08:40:00	hostile garden.
02:08:40:00	02:08:41:00	So that's like, you know, under
02:08:41:00	02:08:42:00	construction you can see this
02:08:42:00	02:08:44:00	right now is just A chunk of
02:08:44:00	02:08:45:00	woods that will become a
02:08:45:00	02:08:48:00	hostile garden and In
02:08:48:00	02:08:49:00	the background of this you can
02:08:49:00	02:08:50:00	see kind of this area here that
02:08:50:00	02:08:51:00	little Tree house area that's
02:08:51:00	02:08:52:00	like one of their more
02:08:52:00	02:08:53:00	developed structures on
02:08:53:00	02:08:53:00	the Property right now.
02:08:53:00	02:09:01:00	>> So if you're in Wausau I
02:09:01:00	02:09:02:00	mean the Hmong Gardens still
02:09:02:00	02:09:03:00	has a lot of work to do.
02:09:03:00	02:09:05:00	>> It's worth stopping by.
02:09:05:00	02:09:05:00	But check out the Yankee what's
02:09:05:00	02:09:06:00	an art museum when you're there
02:09:06:00	02:09:08:00	because They have a really
02:09:08:00	02:09:09:00	great display.
02:09:09:00	02:09:10:00	And when we were there they had
02:09:10:00	02:09:12:00	this display of birds Like
02:09:12:00	02:09:13:00	the personality of birds.
02:09:13:00	02:09:14:00	So it wasn't just like a little
02:09:14:00	02:09:15:00	anatomically correct Bird.
02:09:15:00	02:09:16:00	It was like images of
02:09:16:00	02:09:19:00	the essence Of the bird.
02:09:19:00	02:09:21:00	>> So this one is the essence
02:09:21:00	02:09:23:00	of the goose and Seemed really
02:09:23:00	02:09:24:00	accurate to me.
02:09:24:00	02:09:30:00	I was hissing Attacking you And
02:09:30:00	02:09:33:00	then this was a very sad One.
02:09:33:00	02:09:34:00	>> Yeah.
02:09:34:00	02:09:37:00	Now Green Bay Botanical Garden.
02:09:37:00	02:09:38:00	>> All right.
02:09:38:00	02:09:41:00	So you know, you Like to talk
02:09:41:00	02:09:42:00	about your garden more than
02:09:42:00	02:09:42:00	anybody else's.
02:09:42:00	02:09:45:00	So Just getting we're running
02:09:45:00	02:09:45:00	out of time but we're doing
02:09:45:00	02:09:46:00	that.
02:09:46:00	02:09:49:00	So When I'm welcome to you
02:09:49:00	02:09:50:00	here, if you come up to Lambeau
02:09:50:00	02:09:52:00	or anything else, make sure you
02:09:52:00	02:09:52:00	come back Green Bay Botanical
02:09:52:00	02:09:53:00	Garden.
02:09:53:00	02:09:55:00	This is like sprinkling some Of
02:09:55:00	02:09:56:00	our new things this monument
02:09:56:00	02:09:57:00	sign we're excited about to get
02:09:57:00	02:09:59:00	people in And we're a little
02:09:59:00	02:10:02:00	crazy at our botanical garden.
02:10:02:00	02:10:03:00	But you know, all these all of
02:10:03:00	02:10:04:00	our gardens really rely on
02:10:04:00	02:10:06:00	their staff Interns, volunteers
02:10:06:00	02:10:06:00	to make it go.
02:10:06:00	02:10:09:00	It takes a huge amount of
02:10:09:00	02:10:10:00	People and dedication of
02:10:10:00	02:10:10:00	everyone to make these
02:10:10:00	02:10:14:00	organizations go and All of you
02:10:14:00	02:10:14:00	who are members and volunteers
02:10:14:00	02:10:17:00	and you know, helping Promote
02:10:17:00	02:10:17:00	them by going to events and
02:10:17:00	02:10:18:00	things are so important because
02:10:18:00	02:10:21:00	we're pretty Rich in the state
02:10:21:00	02:10:21:00	of Wisconsin in terms of
02:10:21:00	02:10:23:00	botanical gardens I would say.
02:10:23:00	02:10:25:00	So here's a little bit of our
02:10:25:00	02:10:27:00	spring garden.
02:10:27:00	02:10:29:00	You know, we put we put a lot
02:10:29:00	02:10:30:00	of emphasis on our spring
02:10:30:00	02:10:32:00	garden And a lot of events and
02:10:32:00	02:10:33:00	we have over 300000 spring
02:10:33:00	02:10:35:00	blooming bulbs.
02:10:35:00	02:10:37:00	>> You know, we think it's a
02:10:37:00	02:10:38:00	one of the largest displays in
02:10:38:00	02:10:39:00	the state So we flip out what
02:10:39:00	02:10:40:00	we do is we plant our bulbs in
02:10:40:00	02:10:43:00	front In our annulus in front
02:10:43:00	02:10:44:00	of our structures and then we
02:10:44:00	02:10:46:00	actually take them Out of
02:10:46:00	02:10:47:00	the ground, dry them and reuse
02:10:47:00	02:10:47:00	them amongst the perennials
02:10:47:00	02:10:50:00	the next fall.
02:10:50:00	02:10:51:00	So we've been saving them since
02:10:51:00	02:10:57:00	2006.
02:10:57:00	02:10:58:00	>> So this is just kind of a
02:10:58:00	02:11:00:00	little Tour through the garden
02:11:00:00	02:11:00:00	.
02:11:00:00	02:11:04:00	>> This This combo I really
02:11:04:00	02:11:05:00	like it's the Frito Larry
02:11:05:00	02:11:08:00	Imperialist Lumia Maxima, that
02:11:08:00	02:11:08:00	fertile area, that tall yellow
02:11:08:00	02:11:10:00	guy and then below it's Tahiti
02:11:10:00	02:11:11:00	Daffodil.
02:11:11:00	02:11:12:00	And then we have grape hyacinth
02:11:12:00	02:11:12:00	there too.
02:11:12:00	02:11:14:00	So like a lot of bulbs are
02:11:14:00	02:11:15:00	Ground cover almost.
02:11:15:00	02:11:16:00	So this kind of elevates
02:11:16:00	02:11:18:00	the floral display above Color
02:11:18:00	02:11:19:00	goes down and they bloom at
02:11:19:00	02:11:22:00	the similar time.
02:11:22:00	02:11:23:00	Here's where we inter sprinkle
02:11:23:00	02:11:23:00	the bulbs amongst
02:11:23:00	02:11:25:00	the perennials And then our
02:11:25:00	02:11:25:00	newer gardens.
02:11:25:00	02:11:26:00	>> This is actually built in
02:11:26:00	02:11:29:00	2010 the King Shade Garden.
02:11:29:00	02:11:30:00	We actually now will design
02:11:30:00	02:11:30:00	the bulbs into the garden and
02:11:30:00	02:11:32:00	plant That fall.
02:11:32:00	02:11:33:00	So we put 11000 daffodils into
02:11:33:00	02:11:36:00	this garden And then our new
02:11:36:00	02:11:37:00	grand garden I think we put
02:11:37:00	02:11:40:00	almost I want to say 33
02:11:40:00	02:11:40:00	Thousand miniature daffodils
02:11:40:00	02:11:43:00	and grape hyacinth then this Is
02:11:43:00	02:11:43:00	led into Magnolia Hybridized
02:11:43:00	02:11:44:00	our international
02:11:44:00	02:11:47:00	extraordinaire Who's passed
02:11:47:00	02:11:48:00	away now but he's donated a
02:11:48:00	02:11:49:00	huge amount of magnolias to our
02:11:49:00	02:11:51:00	gardens So we have those
02:11:51:00	02:11:52:00	blooming as well and we're
02:11:52:00	02:11:54:00	actually a nationally
02:11:54:00	02:11:54:00	Recognized collection of
02:11:54:00	02:11:54:00	Magnolia.
02:11:54:00	02:11:58:00	>> So it's only peace yet
02:11:58:00	02:11:58:00	Garden in the state of
02:11:58:00	02:11:59:00	Wisconsin.
02:11:59:00	02:11:59:00	And strangely it's for
02:11:59:00	02:12:02:00	magnolias Which is kind of
02:12:02:00	02:12:05:00	random.
02:12:05:00	02:12:09:00	>> So hopefully you Come and
02:12:09:00	02:12:09:00	visit us.
02:12:09:00	02:12:10:00	There's little fliers come to
02:12:10:00	02:12:12:00	our booth at 226 Hopefully you
02:12:12:00	02:12:13:00	know these guys hopefully
02:12:13:00	02:12:13:00	they're just looking at where
02:12:13:00	02:12:16:00	to go next to the garden And
02:12:16:00	02:12:17:00	not just on their phones.
02:12:17:00	02:12:20:00	There's a lot to see But these
02:12:20:00	02:12:21:00	are some of our events we have
02:12:21:00	02:12:22:00	you know, it's really great
02:12:22:00	02:12:24:00	because We actually practically
02:12:24:00	02:12:25:00	give our garden away for free.
02:12:25:00	02:12:27:00	It's free admission for Moms on
02:12:27:00	02:12:28:00	Mother's Day and free admission
02:12:28:00	02:12:30:00	for everyone on National Public
02:12:30:00	02:12:34:00	Turns with that Friday.
02:12:34:00	02:12:35:00	>> But we're doing a lot of
02:12:35:00	02:12:35:00	other things.
02:12:35:00	02:12:36:00	We have our summer displays.
02:12:36:00	02:12:37:00	We're renovating our parking
02:12:37:00	02:12:38:00	lot.
02:12:38:00	02:12:39:00	We added a new sidewalk to get
02:12:39:00	02:12:41:00	more parking for our concerts
02:12:41:00	02:12:42:00	Series and then we have we take
02:12:42:00	02:12:43:00	everything we learn from all
02:12:43:00	02:12:45:00	the other gardens We visited
02:12:45:00	02:12:46:00	just like you do and bring it
02:12:46:00	02:12:47:00	to our backyard.
02:12:47:00	02:12:50:00	Green Bay Botanical And so we
02:12:50:00	02:12:50:00	have a lot of tropical and
02:12:50:00	02:12:50:00	annual displays.
02:12:50:00	02:12:53:00	We do About 20000 annuals so
02:12:53:00	02:12:57:00	not as nearly As much as some
02:12:57:00	02:12:57:00	other places but we kind of
02:12:57:00	02:12:58:00	strategically place them
02:12:58:00	02:13:00:00	amongst our perennials And
02:13:00:00	02:13:01:00	shrubs and trees and things.
02:13:01:00	02:13:02:00	>> So we have you know, this
02:13:02:00	02:13:03:00	lily here it's oriented Really
02:13:03:00	02:13:07:00	where it's color echoing
02:13:07:00	02:13:07:00	the Castor bean.
02:13:07:00	02:13:11:00	>> Some crazy stuff here
02:13:11:00	02:13:15:00	The kana This angel wings.
02:13:15:00	02:13:16:00	Dusty Miller was a newer thing
02:13:16:00	02:13:19:00	the last couple Years and we
02:13:19:00	02:13:20:00	have a lot of native plants
02:13:20:00	02:13:23:00	incorporated Into our gardens
02:13:23:00	02:13:23:00	now too.
02:13:23:00	02:13:26:00	So it's a way to show natives
02:13:26:00	02:13:27:00	Native eyes other pollinator
02:13:27:00	02:13:28:00	attracting plants together In
02:13:28:00	02:13:33:00	happy harmony Rattlesnake
02:13:33:00	02:13:33:00	master with a guest Ashley for
02:13:33:00	02:13:34:00	Nicholas.
02:13:34:00	02:13:37:00	>> And then there's a Daily in
02:13:37:00	02:13:37:00	the back Rocket City daily.
02:13:37:00	02:13:38:00	So that's like your ornamental
02:13:38:00	02:13:40:00	plant kind Mixed with your
02:13:40:00	02:13:43:00	natives.
02:13:43:00	02:13:44:00	>> And then here's our tropical
02:13:44:00	02:13:45:00	display beds in front of our
02:13:45:00	02:13:47:00	structures And our annual
02:13:47:00	02:13:51:00	display beds We have we have an
02:13:51:00	02:13:52:00	herb garden as well with his
02:13:52:00	02:13:54:00	partner garden here Colorful
02:13:54:00	02:13:58:00	large Garden Dutchman's pipe.
02:13:58:00	02:14:00:00	>> We have a really nice
02:14:00:00	02:14:01:00	Cottage garden.
02:14:01:00	02:14:02:00	>> Lindsay gave a talk on
02:14:02:00	02:14:04:00	cartage gardening yesterday
02:14:04:00	02:14:09:00	Selfie station Up and coming
02:14:09:00	02:14:09:00	thing.
02:14:09:00	02:14:12:00	We've also been adding Of
02:14:12:00	02:14:12:00	sculptures to the garden over
02:14:12:00	02:14:13:00	the last number of years to
02:14:13:00	02:14:15:00	just have a different Element
02:14:15:00	02:14:18:00	for everyone that visits
02:14:18:00	02:14:23:00	Collating them with Hugo, a new
02:14:23:00	02:14:23:00	sculpture installation that
02:14:23:00	02:14:24:00	just was installed toward
02:14:24:00	02:14:26:00	the end Of the year last year
02:14:26:00	02:14:27:00	our Upper Rose Garden we have
02:14:27:00	02:14:30:00	hybrid teams Flora Flora
02:14:30:00	02:14:31:00	Bundles, David Austen English
02:14:31:00	02:14:33:00	Roses Up in there.
02:14:33:00	02:14:34:00	>> This is Rainbow Sorbet which
02:14:34:00	02:14:35:00	is one of my favorites.
02:14:35:00	02:14:36:00	It's really, you know, disease
02:14:36:00	02:14:40:00	With those glossy leaves I lose
02:14:40:00	02:14:41:00	those got hit by a cottonwood
02:14:41:00	02:14:44:00	tree last year so we had Very
02:14:44:00	02:14:44:00	rough that guy.
02:14:44:00	02:14:48:00	>> Luckily no one was injured.
02:14:48:00	02:14:48:00	Chris OVERGAARD in
02:14:48:00	02:14:49:00	the Belvedere and the tropical
02:14:49:00	02:14:52:00	paradise We have a daily
02:14:52:00	02:14:55:00	repository where work with
02:14:55:00	02:14:55:00	the American Hammer Ocala
02:14:55:00	02:14:56:00	Society, the host of society
02:14:56:00	02:14:57:00	they have display gardens at
02:14:57:00	02:14:59:00	Green Bay Botanical.
02:14:59:00	02:15:00:00	>> We had this nature connects
02:15:00:00	02:15:02:00	art with Lego Exhibit two years
02:15:02:00	02:15:06:00	ago twenty eighteen and Then in
02:15:06:00	02:15:07:00	twenty twenty one we're gonna
02:15:07:00	02:15:10:00	bring this exhibit hall washed
02:15:10:00	02:15:11:00	Ashore which is art with
02:15:11:00	02:15:13:00	plastic Scavenged from
02:15:13:00	02:15:14:00	the ocean.
02:15:14:00	02:15:17:00	>> Yeah so it's gonna be pretty
02:15:17:00	02:15:17:00	Exciting there'll be I think
02:15:17:00	02:15:18:00	it's eight sculptures made out
02:15:18:00	02:15:20:00	of plastic and The exciting
02:15:20:00	02:15:21:00	thing is that we're gonna
02:15:21:00	02:15:22:00	they're all from the ocean but
02:15:22:00	02:15:24:00	we're gonna get One commission
02:15:24:00	02:15:25:00	that'll be a sturgeon a lake
02:15:25:00	02:15:28:00	sturgeon for from Great Lakes
02:15:28:00	02:15:29:00	Garbage so it'll be
02:15:29:00	02:15:29:00	the unveiling of Stanley
02:15:29:00	02:15:32:00	the sturgeon Come and see and
02:15:32:00	02:15:35:00	20 21 Green Bay Botanical This
02:15:35:00	02:15:36:00	is that kind of a cool idea you
02:15:36:00	02:15:38:00	could do it like What cookies?
02:15:38:00	02:15:40:00	>> You know where you chop up a
02:15:40:00	02:15:40:00	tree.
02:15:40:00	02:15:41:00	We made a little path of them.
02:15:41:00	02:15:42:00	It's decomposed Over say five
02:15:42:00	02:15:43:00	years but we kind of reused all
02:15:43:00	02:15:46:00	these little wood cookies to
02:15:46:00	02:15:47:00	Make a path in our child's
02:15:47:00	02:15:47:00	garden bathroom of
02:15:47:00	02:15:48:00	the children's garden
02:15:48:00	02:15:50:00	the hobbit house Won the second
02:15:50:00	02:15:50:00	best bathroom in the United
02:15:50:00	02:15:53:00	States in this contest.
02:15:53:00	02:15:54:00	Yeah, we talked about making
02:15:54:00	02:15:58:00	our toilet Seats gold like my
02:15:58:00	02:15:58:00	precious but we didn't get
02:15:58:00	02:16:00:00	around to doing that Spring
02:16:00:00	02:16:04:00	house rune of the Shay Garden
02:16:04:00	02:16:05:00	this is a few years after it
02:16:05:00	02:16:07:00	was installed this growing And
02:16:07:00	02:16:08:00	a lot since then and then in
02:16:08:00	02:16:09:00	fall it looks pretty
02:16:09:00	02:16:12:00	spectacular And that king shade
02:16:12:00	02:16:13:00	garden too we had this genuine
02:16:13:00	02:16:16:00	pavilion Which you'll see in a
02:16:16:00	02:16:19:00	little bit here I call this
02:16:19:00	02:16:20:00	the There you have the Thai
02:16:20:00	02:16:20:00	pavilion in Madison.
02:16:20:00	02:16:21:00	>> I call this the Amish
02:16:21:00	02:16:24:00	pavilion A great many botanical
02:16:24:00	02:16:25:00	gardens.
02:16:25:00	02:16:29:00	It's made out of recycled barn
02:16:29:00	02:16:29:00	Timber.
02:16:29:00	02:16:30:00	It was two barns and then it
02:16:30:00	02:16:31:00	became our our structure here.
02:16:31:00	02:16:32:00	So It used to be a wedding site
02:16:32:00	02:16:32:00	but we've actually stopped
02:16:32:00	02:16:35:00	using it as a Wedding site now
02:16:35:00	02:16:35:00	and then we have this council
02:16:35:00	02:16:36:00	ring that looks back to our
02:16:36:00	02:16:38:00	garden And then last year we
02:16:38:00	02:16:39:00	had a butterfly exhibit which
02:16:39:00	02:16:39:00	we're gonna have again and
02:16:39:00	02:16:42:00	reprise This year with
02:16:42:00	02:16:42:00	Butterflies of North America.
02:16:42:00	02:16:43:00	So that runs June through
02:16:43:00	02:16:45:00	August.
02:16:45:00	02:16:46:00	It's free with admission.
02:16:46:00	02:16:49:00	So we built it all Ourselves.
02:16:49:00	02:16:49:00	It's like an in-house exhibit
02:16:49:00	02:16:50:00	and then we hatched all these
02:16:50:00	02:16:53:00	guys From Chrysalis and usually
02:16:53:00	02:16:56:00	we get about Three hundred a
02:16:56:00	02:16:57:00	week and they last they live
02:16:57:00	02:17:00:00	about two weeks inside Here so
02:17:00:00	02:17:01:00	there can be, you know, 500,
02:17:01:00	02:17:01:00	600 butterflies and that
02:17:01:00	02:17:04:00	structure surrounding You and
02:17:04:00	02:17:04:00	there's a little feeding
02:17:04:00	02:17:05:00	stations where we let everyone
02:17:05:00	02:17:08:00	interact with the butterflies.
02:17:08:00	02:17:12:00	So come check it out.
02:17:12:00	02:17:12:00	There's Jaclyn same dress,
02:17:12:00	02:17:19:00	different day.
02:17:19:00	02:17:19:00	>> All right.
02:17:19:00	02:17:22:00	>> I guess I want In trouble
02:17:22:00	02:17:25:00	for that one probably Because
02:17:25:00	02:17:26:00	we painted this gazebo kind of
02:17:26:00	02:17:29:00	that rotary Idea to match
02:17:29:00	02:17:30:00	the maples in the background.
02:17:30:00	02:17:33:00	They changed that color,
02:17:33:00	02:17:33:00	the matador maples like they're
02:17:33:00	02:17:34:00	kind of like autumn blaze but a
02:17:34:00	02:17:36:00	different cultivar.
02:17:36:00	02:17:37:00	So in the fall there'll be that
02:17:37:00	02:17:38:00	little pop or they color echo
02:17:38:00	02:17:40:00	that Woodland garden has a new
02:17:40:00	02:17:41:00	heart escape due to all
02:17:41:00	02:17:43:00	the weddings down There and
02:17:43:00	02:17:44:00	then I want to share this with
02:17:44:00	02:17:44:00	you.
02:17:44:00	02:17:45:00	>> I think I'm getting I'm
02:17:45:00	02:17:45:00	still okay.
02:17:45:00	02:17:47:00	I'm The grandma and this is
02:17:47:00	02:17:48:00	really our newest construction
02:17:48:00	02:17:50:00	and We used eleven thousand
02:17:50:00	02:17:51:00	perennials and they're of
02:17:51:00	02:17:54:00	native Native vase and
02:17:54:00	02:17:55:00	pollinator plants, a thousand
02:17:55:00	02:17:58:00	trees and shrubs.
02:17:58:00	02:17:59:00	It's really coming into its own
02:17:59:00	02:17:59:00	now that it's the third year
02:17:59:00	02:18:01:00	those plants have been in
02:18:01:00	02:18:01:00	There.
02:18:01:00	02:18:02:00	It's an outdoor amphitheater.
02:18:02:00	02:18:03:00	It's where we moved all our
02:18:03:00	02:18:03:00	concerts to.
02:18:03:00	02:18:05:00	We have a lot of Events there
02:18:05:00	02:18:06:00	free concerts for members on
02:18:06:00	02:18:08:00	Thursdays and we have a concert
02:18:08:00	02:18:09:00	Series that's going to be
02:18:09:00	02:18:10:00	Fridays this year.
02:18:10:00	02:18:11:00	So if you're like in
02:18:11:00	02:18:12:00	the neighborhood or Stopping up
02:18:12:00	02:18:13:00	to door county, think about
02:18:13:00	02:18:14:00	stopping by there and checking
02:18:14:00	02:18:16:00	out a concert On your way up.
02:18:16:00	02:18:18:00	You know this is kind of a neat
02:18:18:00	02:18:19:00	show with all These grasses
02:18:19:00	02:18:20:00	there because prairies we're
02:18:20:00	02:18:23:00	really mostly grass Neue New
02:18:23:00	02:18:24:00	Jersey tea with little blue
02:18:24:00	02:18:27:00	stem The rattlesnake master one
02:18:27:00	02:18:30:00	of our favorite plants Attracts
02:18:30:00	02:18:31:00	one hundred eighty five
02:18:31:00	02:18:31:00	different insects according to
02:18:31:00	02:18:34:00	Dr. John Healthy Illinois
02:18:34:00	02:18:36:00	Wildflower dot org I think it
02:18:36:00	02:18:40:00	is The latter actress going on
02:18:40:00	02:18:43:00	this crazy Fascination you know
02:18:43:00	02:18:44:00	just a natural mutation on this
02:18:44:00	02:18:47:00	flower.
02:18:47:00	02:18:48:00	>> And then we also have this
02:18:48:00	02:18:49:00	match Mitt Garden which I don't
02:18:49:00	02:18:50:00	think of a lot of pictures of
02:18:50:00	02:18:50:00	but That's another wedding
02:18:50:00	02:18:53:00	sited our garden Another new
02:18:53:00	02:18:57:00	sculpture fountain Just a
02:18:57:00	02:18:58:00	random combination with this
02:18:58:00	02:19:02:00	dye at This green ball that's a
02:19:02:00	02:19:02:00	really funky plant.
02:19:02:00	02:19:03:00	>> You know, it's hard to find
02:19:03:00	02:19:05:00	it for sale But it's just kind
02:19:05:00	02:19:05:00	of a really funky interesting
02:19:05:00	02:19:08:00	texture to add to a container.
02:19:08:00	02:19:09:00	Here's where we have a little
02:19:09:00	02:19:12:00	ornamental Edible thing with
02:19:12:00	02:19:18:00	midnight snack.
02:19:18:00	02:19:19:00	>> All right.
02:19:19:00	02:19:20:00	You never know what's going to
02:19:20:00	02:19:23:00	show up at your garden And we
02:19:23:00	02:19:24:00	do some trialing to we did this
02:19:24:00	02:19:26:00	trial for American to it was
02:19:26:00	02:19:27:00	Flower child we do all America
02:19:27:00	02:19:28:00	selection trialing for
02:19:28:00	02:19:30:00	ornamental From seed and
02:19:30:00	02:19:31:00	vegetative and then we do
02:19:31:00	02:19:33:00	the American Rose trial for
02:19:33:00	02:19:34:00	Sustainability to some of these
02:19:34:00	02:19:35:00	things are behind the scenes
02:19:35:00	02:19:37:00	are Kind of weird to access but
02:19:37:00	02:19:38:00	you can still check out like
02:19:38:00	02:19:41:00	these in ground trials These
02:19:41:00	02:19:41:00	container ones are kind of
02:19:41:00	02:19:42:00	behind the scenes and we're
02:19:42:00	02:19:44:00	also doing this Millennial
02:19:44:00	02:19:45:00	trial for the Department of
02:19:45:00	02:19:45:00	Natural Resources to look into
02:19:45:00	02:19:48:00	the invasiveness Because
02:19:48:00	02:19:48:00	they're kind of investigating.
02:19:48:00	02:19:49:00	There you go.
02:19:49:00	02:19:52:00	The body And our 40 list of
02:19:52:00	02:19:53:00	invasive species are restricted
02:19:53:00	02:19:56:00	prohibited Species.
02:19:56:00	02:19:57:00	Well, they're looking at some
02:19:57:00	02:19:58:00	of the millennials as part of
02:19:58:00	02:20:03:00	the next phase of That and
02:20:03:00	02:20:04:00	Yeah, you might come across
02:20:04:00	02:20:07:00	Sunny the garden cat if you get
02:20:07:00	02:20:07:00	Back by us.
02:20:07:00	02:20:08:00	>> Here's a guy who was rescued
02:20:08:00	02:20:11:00	from a compost Pile during our
02:20:11:00	02:20:12:00	garden of lights three years
02:20:12:00	02:20:13:00	ago and he is now our official
02:20:13:00	02:20:17:00	mascot And therapy cat.
02:20:17:00	02:20:18:00	>> Yeah this is just by our
02:20:18:00	02:20:21:00	building of random stuff.
02:20:21:00	02:20:22:00	This is behind the scenes.
02:20:22:00	02:20:23:00	I took a picture of that.
02:20:23:00	02:20:25:00	>> I thought Look like you'll
02:20:25:00	02:20:26:00	grass or something you'd see
02:20:26:00	02:20:28:00	like you know in the ocean This
02:20:28:00	02:20:32:00	is our compost Pile.
02:20:32:00	02:20:33:00	>> Look at that.
02:20:33:00	02:20:33:00	How beautiful that thing is.
02:20:33:00	02:20:35:00	It's amazing.
02:20:35:00	02:20:36:00	I was gonna say size like you
02:20:36:00	02:20:41:00	know So in conclusion before
02:20:41:00	02:20:45:00	It's too late Think about
02:20:45:00	02:20:46:00	visiting the botanical gardens
02:20:46:00	02:20:49:00	of the state of Wisconsin.
02:20:49:00	02:20:50:00	>> Get out your walking stick.
02:20:50:00	02:20:51:00	Get on your kilt and get out
02:20:51:00	02:20:54:00	there And check them out and
02:20:54:00	02:20:54:00	support him.
02:20:54:00	02:20:55:00	And thank you so much for
02:20:55:00	02:20:57:00	coming out Here and have a
02:20:57:00	02:21:04:00	great rest of the day as As Yes
02:21:04:00	02:21:04:00	sir.
02:21:04:00	02:21:11:00	>> Yeah.
02:21:11:00	02:21:12:00	>> The gentleman asked if
02:21:12:00	02:21:15:00	there's a list of all
02:21:15:00	02:21:16:00	the Gardens and you know what?
02:21:16:00	02:21:17:00	I don't have a list but you can
02:21:17:00	02:21:19:00	Google Just gardens of
02:21:19:00	02:21:20:00	the state of Wisconsin probably
02:21:20:00	02:21:23:00	there used to be That kind of a
02:21:23:00	02:21:23:00	brochure that was made together
02:21:23:00	02:21:24:00	with a different botanical
02:21:24:00	02:21:26:00	gardens.
02:21:26:00	02:21:27:00	It was a hand out that was
02:21:27:00	02:21:28:00	given out a different way
02:21:28:00	02:21:30:00	stations and things like that
02:21:30:00	02:21:31:00	That maybe we need to
02:21:31:00	02:21:31:00	reconsider, you know, doing to
02:21:31:00	02:43:48:00	promote them all again OK.
02:43:48:00	02:43:51:00	All right, let's try again.
02:43:51:00	02:43:55:00	Hi, welcome Garden next ball.
02:43:55:00	02:43:56:00	You came in through the back
02:43:56:00	02:43:58:00	doors.
02:43:58:00	02:43:59:00	There are also doors in
02:43:59:00	02:44:00:00	the front in case we would need
02:44:00:00	02:44:01:00	to make an emergency Exit.
02:44:01:00	02:44:03:00	If your phone isn't off yet,
02:44:03:00	02:44:05:00	please make it be So.
02:44:05:00	02:44:06:00	You should have gotten an
02:44:06:00	02:44:10:00	evaluation as you came In.
02:44:10:00	02:44:11:00	If not we can give you one.
02:44:11:00	02:44:13:00	Please fill Those out and leave
02:44:13:00	02:44:13:00	those off.
02:44:13:00	02:44:16:00	That helps us a lot to plan for
02:44:16:00	02:44:17:00	Next year.
02:44:17:00	02:44:17:00	We're looking forward to
02:44:17:00	02:44:19:00	hearing about trees Around
02:44:19:00	02:44:20:00	the Midwest.
02:44:20:00	02:44:27:00	Thanks.
02:44:27:00	02:44:27:00	>> I could.
02:44:27:00	02:44:28:00	All right.
02:44:28:00	02:44:31:00	Welcome.
02:44:31:00	02:44:31:00	Oh, OK.
02:44:31:00	02:44:35:00	This is being recorded so
02:44:35:00	02:44:36:00	there's no pressure on me here
02:44:36:00	02:44:47:00	at All.
02:44:47:00	02:44:47:00	>> Welcome.
02:44:47:00	02:44:48:00	Today we're going to talk a
02:44:48:00	02:44:50:00	little bit about how trees
02:44:50:00	02:44:51:00	Built the Midwest.
02:44:51:00	02:44:52:00	My name is Jay Dampier and I'm
02:44:52:00	02:44:54:00	with The University of
02:44:54:00	02:44:55:00	Wisconsin Madison Division of
02:44:55:00	02:44:58:00	Extension.
02:44:58:00	02:44:59:00	I have a background in trees.
02:44:59:00	02:45:00:00	I got a bunch of degrees and in
02:45:00:00	02:45:01:00	trees I have some training in
02:45:01:00	02:45:05:00	social sciences But I'm going
02:45:05:00	02:45:06:00	to warn you I have no training
02:45:06:00	02:45:08:00	in history and I figured I can
02:45:08:00	02:45:09:00	talk about history today.
02:45:09:00	02:45:12:00	So we'll see how good I do.
02:45:12:00	02:45:13:00	>> So we got five trees we're
02:45:13:00	02:45:16:00	going to talk about for sure.
02:45:16:00	02:45:17:00	>> We'll get to four depending
02:45:17:00	02:45:18:00	on time I'm watching my watch.
02:45:18:00	02:45:20:00	I don't Upset the people I PBS
02:45:20:00	02:45:23:00	a garden expo if You don't know
02:45:23:00	02:45:24:00	you do not want to upset those
02:45:24:00	02:45:25:00	folks at all.
02:45:25:00	02:45:28:00	>> So I want to keep them in
02:45:28:00	02:45:28:00	their good graces.
02:45:28:00	02:45:30:00	So five trees but Going to
02:45:30:00	02:45:31:00	cover for today the first tree
02:45:31:00	02:45:34:00	is Opposite Lee branch.
02:45:34:00	02:45:35:00	>> So this is the main stem
02:45:35:00	02:45:37:00	here Opposite branching are
02:45:37:00	02:45:41:00	trees and shrubs Branches that
02:45:41:00	02:45:42:00	come directly from the lateral
02:45:42:00	02:45:44:00	branches Come directly off.
02:45:44:00	02:45:45:00	That means them.
02:45:45:00	02:45:48:00	OK, not to be confused That's
02:45:48:00	02:45:49:00	opposite and my writing is not
02:45:49:00	02:45:49:00	very good.
02:45:49:00	02:45:53:00	Not to be confused with
02:45:53:00	02:45:55:00	alternate branching Which those
02:45:55:00	02:45:56:00	branches will come off at
02:45:56:00	02:45:59:00	separate spots.
02:45:59:00	02:46:00:00	>> So with opposite branching
02:46:00:00	02:46:01:00	you will have two lateral
02:46:01:00	02:46:03:00	branches coming From the same
02:46:03:00	02:46:04:00	spot.
02:46:04:00	02:46:05:00	So by a show of hands and if
02:46:05:00	02:46:07:00	you're watching This at home
02:46:07:00	02:46:07:00	you can raise your hand to it's
02:46:07:00	02:46:10:00	OK who here has Heard the term
02:46:10:00	02:46:11:00	raise your hands.
02:46:11:00	02:46:12:00	>> Mad horse as it's related to
02:46:12:00	02:46:15:00	tree IDC a few hands not too
02:46:15:00	02:46:15:00	many.
02:46:15:00	02:46:18:00	OK so Mad horse m a d and then
02:46:18:00	02:46:21:00	the word Horse opposite
02:46:21:00	02:46:25:00	branching trees Are mad horse
02:46:25:00	02:46:28:00	maple ashes dogwood Horse
02:46:28:00	02:46:32:00	chestnut everything else
02:46:32:00	02:46:33:00	Everything else is alternate.
02:46:33:00	02:46:36:00	>> So the first Tree the first
02:46:36:00	02:46:37:00	hint of the first tree that
02:46:37:00	02:46:37:00	we're talking about today is it
02:46:37:00	02:46:39:00	is one of those mad horse Trees
02:46:39:00	02:46:39:00	.
02:46:39:00	02:46:44:00	It's one of those four trees
02:46:44:00	02:46:45:00	The next little bit of a
02:46:45:00	02:46:46:00	tentacle botanical terminology
02:46:46:00	02:46:48:00	I'm gonna share With you is
02:46:48:00	02:46:54:00	simple Versus compound leaf
02:46:54:00	02:46:55:00	Compound please.
02:46:55:00	02:46:56:00	>> A simple leaf if you
02:46:56:00	02:46:56:00	consider a simple leaf is
02:46:56:00	02:46:58:00	basically Here's that branch
02:46:58:00	02:47:02:00	again and it has one Leaf stem
02:47:02:00	02:47:02:00	and one leaf blade doesn't
02:47:02:00	02:47:06:00	always have To look like a
02:47:06:00	02:47:06:00	weird oval.
02:47:06:00	02:47:07:00	It could be different shapes
02:47:07:00	02:47:08:00	but it's basically one leaf
02:47:08:00	02:47:09:00	stem with one leaf Leaf blade
02:47:09:00	02:47:13:00	compound leaves Have that leaf
02:47:13:00	02:47:16:00	stem barely stem so to speak
02:47:16:00	02:47:17:00	Continues on and it has little
02:47:17:00	02:47:18:00	leaflets which come off of that
02:47:18:00	02:47:21:00	main That main axis or that
02:47:21:00	02:47:24:00	main leaf stem.
02:47:24:00	02:47:25:00	>> Now some people may confuse
02:47:25:00	02:47:28:00	this as perhaps A branch with a
02:47:28:00	02:47:29:00	bunch of little leafs on it
02:47:29:00	02:47:30:00	the way you can tell that a
02:47:30:00	02:47:31:00	compound Leaf is in fact a
02:47:31:00	02:47:32:00	compound leaf is because when
02:47:32:00	02:47:35:00	fall comes around That whole
02:47:35:00	02:47:36:00	structure drops off here just
02:47:36:00	02:47:39:00	like If you have a little
02:47:39:00	02:47:40:00	single leafed tree or shrub
02:47:40:00	02:47:42:00	that Leaf comes off.
02:47:42:00	02:47:43:00	>> So it's a compound leaf.
02:47:43:00	02:47:45:00	So we're talking a plant that
02:47:45:00	02:47:46:00	Is opposite branched compound
02:47:46:00	02:47:49:00	leaves.
02:47:49:00	02:47:50:00	Are there any guesses?
02:47:50:00	02:47:56:00	>> Ash, you read my notes.
02:47:56:00	02:47:57:00	So the first tree we're talking
02:47:57:00	02:48:00:00	about today is the ash tree And
02:48:00:00	02:48:03:00	this particular one here is A
02:48:03:00	02:48:03:00	green ash.
02:48:03:00	02:48:07:00	>> These ash trees are widely
02:48:07:00	02:48:08:00	Planted throughout much of
02:48:08:00	02:48:08:00	the Midwest.
02:48:08:00	02:48:09:00	>> They're really tough tree.
02:48:09:00	02:48:11:00	They do incredibly well in
02:48:11:00	02:48:12:00	urban settings.
02:48:12:00	02:48:14:00	Also This particular species of
02:48:14:00	02:48:18:00	ash is also used for wildlife
02:48:18:00	02:48:19:00	Values like wildlife, like a
02:48:19:00	02:48:20:00	deer like it which I know as as
02:48:20:00	02:48:22:00	somebody Trying to grow plants
02:48:22:00	02:48:23:00	that may not be a good thing.
02:48:23:00	02:48:25:00	It also is Great in parks and
02:48:25:00	02:48:29:00	in industry In street tree
02:48:29:00	02:48:30:00	plantings because it provides a
02:48:30:00	02:48:30:00	nice shade.
02:48:30:00	02:48:31:00	>> And like I said, they're
02:48:31:00	02:48:33:00	really Tough in the sense that
02:48:33:00	02:48:36:00	typically urban settings Are a
02:48:36:00	02:48:40:00	little bit harsher to two to
02:48:40:00	02:48:41:00	the Trees and they do well
02:48:41:00	02:48:44:00	under those harsh conditions.
02:48:44:00	02:48:47:00	>> Another ash tree Is
02:48:47:00	02:48:48:00	the white ash in white ash are
02:48:48:00	02:48:51:00	probably best known.
02:48:51:00	02:48:52:00	>> One of the things you're
02:48:52:00	02:48:52:00	best known for is this
02:48:52:00	02:48:53:00	beautiful fall color that you
02:48:53:00	02:48:55:00	get Bronze purposely while fall
02:48:55:00	02:48:55:00	foliage.
02:48:55:00	02:48:59:00	The trees Are again used in
02:48:59:00	02:49:02:00	parks and street trees And
02:49:02:00	02:49:03:00	there again there are very
02:49:03:00	02:49:06:00	beautiful tree When it comes to
02:49:06:00	02:49:06:00	products.
02:49:06:00	02:49:07:00	>> There's a number of forest
02:49:07:00	02:49:09:00	products that are used With use
02:49:09:00	02:49:10:00	by ash like bats and various
02:49:10:00	02:49:14:00	other tool Handles and things
02:49:14:00	02:49:14:00	like that.
02:49:14:00	02:49:17:00	Also ash trees Because of
02:49:17:00	02:49:18:00	the structure of their leaves
02:49:18:00	02:49:21:00	they tend to allow some light
02:49:21:00	02:49:22:00	To come through which allows
02:49:22:00	02:49:23:00	turf grass to grow a little bit
02:49:23:00	02:49:25:00	better Under ash trees relative
02:49:25:00	02:49:26:00	to Other trees.
02:49:26:00	02:49:31:00	>> Price So you're thinking why
02:49:31:00	02:49:32:00	is this guy talking what
02:49:32:00	02:49:34:00	asterix?
02:49:34:00	02:49:35:00	>> Because we have a problem.
02:49:35:00	02:49:37:00	Don't.
02:49:37:00	02:49:38:00	OK.
02:49:38:00	02:49:38:00	I'm getting there.
02:49:38:00	02:49:42:00	I'm getting And yeah we're
02:49:42:00	02:49:42:00	getting there.
02:49:42:00	02:49:45:00	But the story the ash tree
02:49:45:00	02:49:46:00	Starts off by the story of this
02:49:46:00	02:49:46:00	tree.
02:49:46:00	02:49:50:00	>> This is the American elm and
02:49:50:00	02:49:52:00	these were widely planted In
02:49:52:00	02:49:56:00	the early part of the nineteen
02:49:56:00	02:49:57:00	Hundred like 1928 are sorry
02:49:57:00	02:49:58:00	late eighteen hundred early
02:49:58:00	02:50:00:00	twenty Late eighteen hundreds
02:50:00:00	02:50:03:00	early nineteen hundreds And
02:50:03:00	02:50:04:00	these were again they were
02:50:04:00	02:50:05:00	planted for their beautiful
02:50:05:00	02:50:06:00	structure.
02:50:06:00	02:50:07:00	You can see here this this
02:50:07:00	02:50:10:00	cathedral type look they Did
02:50:10:00	02:50:11:00	well in urban settings they
02:50:11:00	02:50:14:00	were a tough treat In 1928
02:50:14:00	02:50:15:00	there is this little virus that
02:50:15:00	02:50:18:00	came And called the Dutch Elm
02:50:18:00	02:50:21:00	Disease which again many
02:50:21:00	02:50:22:00	Listeners will understand we'll
02:50:22:00	02:50:23:00	know something about that Joan
02:50:23:00	02:50:23:00	disease.
02:50:23:00	02:50:25:00	First of all It wasn't from
02:50:25:00	02:50:25:00	the Netherlands.
02:50:25:00	02:50:28:00	You may not have known that
02:50:28:00	02:50:29:00	It's actually from Asia but
02:50:29:00	02:50:32:00	this particular disease Came in
02:50:32:00	02:50:36:00	in 18 and 80 1928 And it didn't
02:50:36:00	02:50:37:00	really start decimating
02:50:37:00	02:50:40:00	the urban Elm population.
02:50:40:00	02:50:41:00	>> So probably like the 50s or
02:50:41:00	02:50:41:00	so.
02:50:41:00	02:50:43:00	So it was in North America it
02:50:43:00	02:50:44:00	was kind of there.
02:50:44:00	02:50:45:00	>> Some trees were dying but it
02:50:45:00	02:50:47:00	really Took off sometime around
02:50:47:00	02:50:48:00	the mid 50s.
02:50:48:00	02:50:51:00	And one of the big things That
02:50:51:00	02:50:52:00	made this disease so successful
02:50:52:00	02:50:55:00	were That there were two
02:50:55:00	02:50:56:00	primary vectors that were
02:50:56:00	02:50:58:00	involved in The decimation of
02:50:58:00	02:51:02:00	the tree vector number one Or
02:51:02:00	02:51:02:00	at least the word vector.
02:51:02:00	02:51:05:00	>> Basically these little
02:51:05:00	02:51:09:00	Beetles, Alan bark Beetles
02:51:09:00	02:51:10:00	would travel from tree to tree
02:51:10:00	02:51:13:00	eating the trees, doing their
02:51:13:00	02:51:14:00	Thing and the virus would hitch
02:51:14:00	02:51:18:00	a ride On them and go from tree
02:51:18:00	02:51:18:00	to tree that way.
02:51:18:00	02:51:20:00	>> So that's one mechanism In
02:51:20:00	02:51:21:00	the way that the virus move
02:51:21:00	02:51:21:00	from tree to tree.
02:51:21:00	02:51:24:00	Secondarily, you saw that
02:51:24:00	02:51:25:00	picture of the street trees,
02:51:25:00	02:51:25:00	right?
02:51:25:00	02:51:28:00	They also Traveled under
02:51:28:00	02:51:28:00	the ground.
02:51:28:00	02:51:29:00	So if you have elm trees that
02:51:29:00	02:51:31:00	are relatively Close to each
02:51:31:00	02:51:32:00	other, those roots will come
02:51:32:00	02:51:35:00	together And graft together.
02:51:35:00	02:51:36:00	And that disease will go from
02:51:36:00	02:51:39:00	one Individual tree to another
02:51:39:00	02:51:40:00	individual tree under
02:51:40:00	02:51:40:00	the ground.
02:51:40:00	02:51:44:00	So Just a matter of time before
02:51:44:00	02:51:44:00	you had street trees if you had
02:51:44:00	02:51:47:00	one or two trees On a street
02:51:47:00	02:51:47:00	that had that much these even
02:51:47:00	02:51:48:00	if there wasn't a lot of beetle
02:51:48:00	02:51:51:00	population, there's a good
02:51:51:00	02:51:51:00	chance over time as those roots
02:51:51:00	02:51:54:00	start to graft that You're
02:51:54:00	02:51:55:00	going to get some serious
02:51:55:00	02:51:55:00	problems.
02:51:55:00	02:51:59:00	>> So Dutch Elm starts to die.
02:51:59:00	02:51:59:00	>> Everything is going along
02:51:59:00	02:52:00:00	just fine.
02:52:00:00	02:52:02:00	The Elms Dying in order to say
02:52:02:00	02:52:03:00	OK, we need to replace this
02:52:03:00	02:52:03:00	these dying trees or something
02:52:03:00	02:52:05:00	else Ashe steps in.
02:52:05:00	02:52:09:00	So we start Over planting ash
02:52:09:00	02:52:09:00	trees through many of
02:52:09:00	02:52:12:00	the communities in the Midwest
02:52:12:00	02:52:12:00	.
02:52:12:00	02:52:13:00	This publication from
02:52:13:00	02:52:16:00	the Arnold Aubrey Arboretum In
02:52:16:00	02:52:17:00	82 lists 12 trees and gets
02:52:17:00	02:52:20:00	which tree is on that list.
02:52:20:00	02:52:21:00	>> We kind of repeated history
02:52:21:00	02:52:21:00	again here.
02:52:21:00	02:52:24:00	>> So We over planted an elm
02:52:24:00	02:52:28:00	tree that was great For its
02:52:28:00	02:52:28:00	time then a disease eye disease
02:52:28:00	02:52:29:00	came in.
02:52:29:00	02:52:32:00	Then we We to find other
02:52:32:00	02:52:32:00	replacement some communities
02:52:32:00	02:52:35:00	over planted ash And now we're
02:52:35:00	02:52:35:00	facing that same problem again.
02:52:35:00	02:52:39:00	So this would be A me kind of
02:52:39:00	02:52:39:00	advocating for urban foresters
02:52:39:00	02:52:42:00	and a lot of urban Farmers are
02:52:42:00	02:52:42:00	doing this now is really
02:52:42:00	02:52:43:00	planting very diverse force
02:52:43:00	02:52:45:00	setting.
02:52:45:00	02:52:47:00	>> So now you if it is these
02:52:47:00	02:52:47:00	some exotic disease or insect
02:52:47:00	02:52:50:00	comes Basically it's not going
02:52:50:00	02:52:51:00	to take the hook, you know, 40
02:52:51:00	02:52:53:00	percent a year Urban tree
02:52:53:00	02:52:53:00	canopy might take out 2 percent
02:52:53:00	02:52:57:00	which is a lot better To deal
02:52:57:00	02:52:57:00	with.
02:52:57:00	02:53:01:00	So going back to the ash, this
02:53:01:00	02:53:01:00	might be a little crater that
02:53:01:00	02:53:04:00	some of you may Recognize
02:53:04:00	02:53:05:00	the emerald ash borer.
02:53:05:00	02:53:08:00	>> It came into the US In 2000
02:53:08:00	02:53:11:00	and two in double check Yep.
02:53:11:00	02:53:14:00	2002 in Detroit, Michigan.
02:53:14:00	02:53:15:00	>> They're not exactly sure how
02:53:15:00	02:53:18:00	it came in but it came in and
02:53:18:00	02:53:19:00	By 2008 we found it in
02:53:19:00	02:53:19:00	Wisconsin.
02:53:19:00	02:53:23:00	>> This is a photograph Of an
02:53:23:00	02:53:23:00	adult.
02:53:23:00	02:53:24:00	The adults are typically about
02:53:24:00	02:53:27:00	half an inch by About an eighth
02:53:27:00	02:53:30:00	of an inch in width.
02:53:30:00	02:53:33:00	>> The adults aren't the major
02:53:33:00	02:53:34:00	Destructive life stage of
02:53:34:00	02:53:34:00	the critter.
02:53:34:00	02:53:37:00	>> It's actually the Larval
02:53:37:00	02:53:37:00	stage.
02:53:37:00	02:53:38:00	So this here's a photograph of
02:53:38:00	02:53:41:00	an elm tree That was this is
02:53:41:00	02:53:41:00	dead.
02:53:41:00	02:53:44:00	Now as you might imagine What
02:53:44:00	02:53:48:00	happens is the elm LA are
02:53:48:00	02:53:48:00	the Dutch those that jump.
02:53:48:00	02:53:52:00	>> What am I talking about,
02:53:52:00	02:53:52:00	Admiral Asmaa?
02:53:52:00	02:53:55:00	The emerald ash borer Larvae
02:53:55:00	02:53:56:00	will feed underneath the bark
02:53:56:00	02:53:59:00	eating that conductive Tissue.
02:53:59:00	02:54:00:00	>> You see all these little
02:54:00:00	02:54:00:00	little trails.
02:54:00:00	02:54:03:00	So these are each one of these
02:54:03:00	02:54:03:00	Trails can report represents a
02:54:03:00	02:54:07:00	larva that has went through in
02:54:07:00	02:54:07:00	Fed this conductive tissue.
02:54:07:00	02:54:08:00	Now these conductive tissues
02:54:08:00	02:54:11:00	are really important In plants
02:54:11:00	02:54:12:00	as you might imagine because
02:54:12:00	02:54:12:00	that's where the water
02:54:12:00	02:54:14:00	nutrients Move up and down
02:54:14:00	02:54:15:00	the tree.
02:54:15:00	02:54:18:00	So when you block that Ability
02:54:18:00	02:54:19:00	for the tree to move fluids and
02:54:19:00	02:54:21:00	nutrients up and down the tree
02:54:21:00	02:54:22:00	, that tree eventually ceases
02:54:22:00	02:54:22:00	to exist.
02:54:22:00	02:54:26:00	>> So just to give you an
02:54:26:00	02:54:26:00	example of how serious this
02:54:26:00	02:54:28:00	insect can be, this photograph
02:54:28:00	02:54:29:00	was taken by Dan Hermes who's
02:54:29:00	02:54:32:00	one of The leading emerald ash
02:54:32:00	02:54:33:00	borer researchers.
02:54:33:00	02:54:36:00	He was at the Ohio State.
02:54:36:00	02:54:37:00	Now he's at Davey Tree and this
02:54:37:00	02:54:39:00	was taken in 2006, OK.
02:54:39:00	02:54:40:00	This is before we really had a
02:54:40:00	02:54:41:00	good handle on this particular
02:54:41:00	02:54:43:00	critter.
02:54:43:00	02:54:46:00	>> That's the after picture In
02:54:46:00	02:54:47:00	case you're wondering.
02:54:47:00	02:54:48:00	No, that isn't in October or
02:54:48:00	02:54:50:00	November when The leaves have
02:54:50:00	02:54:51:00	dropped.
02:54:51:00	02:54:51:00	>> That's that's August and
02:54:51:00	02:54:54:00	that's only Three years later.
02:54:54:00	02:54:58:00	So and again, this is before we
02:54:58:00	02:54:58:00	really had any good treatment
02:54:58:00	02:55:01:00	strategies available to Us at
02:55:01:00	02:55:02:00	the time.
02:55:02:00	02:55:03:00	>> So and it caught us off
02:55:03:00	02:55:04:00	guard as a new tree care people
02:55:04:00	02:55:05:00	In urban foresters.
02:55:05:00	02:55:05:00	So within three years this
02:55:05:00	02:55:09:00	critter can If it goes
02:55:09:00	02:55:09:00	unchecked knock out local
02:55:09:00	02:55:09:00	populations of ash.
02:55:09:00	02:55:12:00	So it is Really serious serious
02:55:12:00	02:55:13:00	problem.
02:55:13:00	02:55:16:00	>> So this is the point of
02:55:16:00	02:55:17:00	the conversation where if you
02:55:17:00	02:55:19:00	own an ash tree or Perhaps you
02:55:19:00	02:55:20:00	live in your park or there's an
02:55:20:00	02:55:21:00	ash tree, this is where you
02:55:21:00	02:55:23:00	start feeling Depressed.
02:55:23:00	02:55:24:00	>> All right.
02:55:24:00	02:55:25:00	>> So what can we do?
02:55:25:00	02:55:27:00	Well, one thing is We can cut
02:55:27:00	02:55:27:00	it down.
02:55:27:00	02:55:30:00	That's a legitimate response In
02:55:30:00	02:55:31:00	some municipalities.
02:55:31:00	02:55:32:00	They will pick and choose
02:55:32:00	02:55:35:00	winners, losers and if there's
02:55:35:00	02:55:35:00	maybe an ashtray that's in
02:55:35:00	02:55:38:00	decline, you might tag it To to
02:55:38:00	02:55:38:00	be removed.
02:55:38:00	02:55:39:00	And then in other cases there
02:55:39:00	02:55:41:00	might be some really brilliant
02:55:41:00	02:55:42:00	Beautiful ash trees and they
02:55:42:00	02:55:42:00	may decide to save it.
02:55:42:00	02:55:44:00	And there are some things we
02:55:44:00	02:55:47:00	Can do to save ash trees.
02:55:47:00	02:55:48:00	>> Another option some
02:55:48:00	02:55:48:00	municipalities use.
02:55:48:00	02:55:49:00	This is a photograph from
02:55:49:00	02:55:52:00	Princeton, Wisconsin is they
02:55:52:00	02:55:53:00	just wanted to raise public
02:55:53:00	02:55:55:00	awareness.
02:55:55:00	02:55:56:00	So the idea is that there's a
02:55:56:00	02:55:57:00	few different reasons why you
02:55:57:00	02:55:58:00	might want to do this.
02:55:58:00	02:55:59:00	This particular campaign
02:55:59:00	02:56:02:00	happened prior to the insect
02:56:02:00	02:56:03:00	Arriving in Princeton.
02:56:03:00	02:56:04:00	It's there now but it wasn't
02:56:04:00	02:56:06:00	there four years.
02:56:06:00	02:56:07:00	And this has to do probably a
02:56:07:00	02:56:08:00	little bit to do with politics
02:56:08:00	02:56:10:00	because If one year you have
02:56:10:00	02:56:13:00	the urban parks and parks and
02:56:13:00	02:56:14:00	Rec budget being this, then all
02:56:14:00	02:56:17:00	of a sudden you have 80 Ash
02:56:17:00	02:56:18:00	trees dead and you got to do
02:56:18:00	02:56:19:00	something with that.
02:56:19:00	02:56:21:00	>> It helps get the Taxpayers
02:56:21:00	02:56:21:00	ready as well as the local
02:56:21:00	02:56:22:00	government decision makers
02:56:22:00	02:56:25:00	ready For that and gets them
02:56:25:00	02:56:26:00	thinking about how are we going
02:56:26:00	02:56:26:00	to deal with this pest.
02:56:26:00	02:56:31:00	Prior To it actually coming.
02:56:31:00	02:56:32:00	>> The other thing too I do
02:56:32:00	02:56:32:00	want to mention I'm not going
02:56:32:00	02:56:34:00	to give any recommendation
02:56:34:00	02:56:35:00	Right here but there are
02:56:35:00	02:56:38:00	chemicals available so Tree
02:56:38:00	02:56:39:00	care professionals do have a
02:56:39:00	02:56:40:00	couple tools in their toolbox.
02:56:40:00	02:56:42:00	One Is soiled ranches so they
02:56:42:00	02:56:43:00	can treat the chemical treat
02:56:43:00	02:56:46:00	the ground Right around
02:56:46:00	02:56:47:00	the base of the ash tree.
02:56:47:00	02:56:51:00	>> Those chemicals then Get
02:56:51:00	02:56:52:00	drawn up through the roots into
02:56:52:00	02:56:52:00	that conductive tissue we just
02:56:52:00	02:56:53:00	mentioned And that prevents
02:56:53:00	02:56:54:00	the insect from continuing on.
02:56:54:00	02:56:57:00	Also Arbus can also inject
02:56:57:00	02:56:58:00	the trees and they directly
02:56:58:00	02:57:00:00	drill and inject The tree and
02:57:00:00	02:57:01:00	then that chemical will get
02:57:01:00	02:57:01:00	into place and protect
02:57:01:00	02:57:02:00	the tree.
02:57:02:00	02:57:04:00	>> And depending on
02:57:04:00	02:57:05:00	the formulation you could get
02:57:05:00	02:57:06:00	multiple years of protection
02:57:06:00	02:57:08:00	prior To having to go in and
02:57:08:00	02:57:11:00	and treat again.
02:57:11:00	02:57:12:00	So here I'm putting on my
02:57:12:00	02:57:15:00	horticulturalist Now as a UW
02:57:15:00	02:57:16:00	extension person we have tons
02:57:16:00	02:57:19:00	of resources Available.
02:57:19:00	02:57:20:00	>> So if you have an earth ash
02:57:20:00	02:57:21:00	tree we have a great little two
02:57:21:00	02:57:22:00	page Fact sheet.
02:57:22:00	02:57:23:00	>> There's a QR code here so if
02:57:23:00	02:57:24:00	you have your camera feel free
02:57:24:00	02:57:27:00	to take A snap of that or you
02:57:27:00	02:57:28:00	could just simply search it is
02:57:28:00	02:57:30:00	my Ash tree worth saving UW
02:57:30:00	02:57:30:00	extension Madison something
02:57:30:00	02:57:33:00	like that.
02:57:33:00	02:57:34:00	You'll get that you'll get that
02:57:34:00	02:57:37:00	fact sheet and we have a bunch
02:57:37:00	02:57:37:00	Other resources available as
02:57:37:00	02:57:38:00	well.
02:57:38:00	02:57:41:00	>> One of my colleagues Laura
02:57:41:00	02:57:41:00	Jill has created alternative
02:57:41:00	02:57:42:00	trees to ash.
02:57:42:00	02:57:45:00	So there's A number of really
02:57:45:00	02:57:45:00	good resources available that
02:57:45:00	02:57:48:00	we have through UW Madison.
02:57:48:00	02:57:52:00	>> Let's move on to tree Number
02:57:52:00	02:57:55:00	four or maybe three.
02:57:55:00	02:57:56:00	>> All right.
02:57:56:00	02:57:59:00	So this one here is also
02:57:59:00	02:58:02:00	Opposite branched right?
02:58:02:00	02:58:03:00	>> So we know that it's what we
02:58:03:00	02:58:06:00	know it's mad and That horse.
02:58:06:00	02:58:07:00	Right.
02:58:07:00	02:58:08:00	So I'll tell you right now I'm
02:58:08:00	02:58:09:00	not going to give you another
02:58:09:00	02:58:09:00	ash.
02:58:09:00	02:58:10:00	So It's a D or horse.
02:58:10:00	02:58:10:00	All right.
02:58:10:00	02:58:13:00	>> The leaves Are simple.
02:58:13:00	02:58:15:00	So remember what I said was
02:58:15:00	02:58:17:00	simple leaf.
02:58:17:00	02:58:18:00	So it's basically a little
02:58:18:00	02:58:19:00	roost, a little leaf stem and a
02:58:19:00	02:58:20:00	blade.
02:58:20:00	02:58:21:00	Now this particular tree's
02:58:21:00	02:58:22:00	blade does not look like that
02:58:22:00	02:58:24:00	at all.
02:58:24:00	02:58:25:00	It's more like this.
02:58:25:00	02:58:26:00	And this is a test of my
02:58:26:00	02:58:27:00	inability to draw.
02:58:27:00	02:58:34:00	>> I think I heard it Is a
02:58:34:00	02:58:35:00	Somebody said OK, I'm not going
02:58:35:00	02:58:36:00	to be subjected anymore of this
02:58:36:00	02:58:38:00	terrible drag is it is Sugar
02:58:38:00	02:58:42:00	maple to be exact Our state
02:58:42:00	02:58:42:00	tree.
02:58:42:00	02:58:45:00	So the sugar maple was Became
02:58:45:00	02:58:49:00	our street tree in 1893.
02:58:49:00	02:58:51:00	>> And it was it was put to a
02:58:51:00	02:58:52:00	vote with Wisconsin
02:58:52:00	02:58:53:00	Schoolchildren and other trees
02:58:53:00	02:58:57:00	in the running where I double
02:58:57:00	02:58:57:00	check my notes here Oaks Pines
02:58:57:00	02:58:58:00	Elms were also some other
02:58:58:00	02:59:00:00	favorites But the maple tree
02:59:00:00	02:59:01:00	won out during the state
02:59:01:00	02:59:04:00	centennial In 1948.
02:59:04:00	02:59:05:00	The tree was put to a vote
02:59:05:00	02:59:08:00	again This kind of local
02:59:08:00	02:59:12:00	politics joke it was had A
02:59:12:00	02:59:12:00	recall vote and it won.
02:59:12:00	02:59:13:00	I know maybe that's a bad joke.
02:59:13:00	02:59:16:00	I Know it's I'm going to get in
02:59:16:00	02:59:16:00	trouble for that.
02:59:16:00	02:59:17:00	>> Don't write me nasty
02:59:17:00	02:59:17:00	e-mails.
02:59:17:00	02:59:19:00	But it one again because in
02:59:19:00	02:59:22:00	1948 The legislature also came
02:59:22:00	02:59:26:00	up with some other symbols As
02:59:26:00	02:59:26:00	well.
02:59:26:00	02:59:27:00	>> So the state bird and there
02:59:27:00	02:59:28:00	was a state flower and a few
02:59:28:00	02:59:29:00	other symbols of The state at
02:59:29:00	02:59:30:00	that time the state tree was
02:59:30:00	02:59:33:00	put up to a vote again And it
02:59:33:00	02:59:34:00	was again accepted as the state
02:59:34:00	02:59:39:00	tree for The state of Wisconsin
02:59:39:00	02:59:39:00	.
02:59:39:00	02:59:40:00	It is a Maine it is a main
02:59:40:00	02:59:43:00	component In the hardwoods of
02:59:43:00	02:59:44:00	the northeast U.S. but also a
02:59:44:00	02:59:47:00	key component In parts of
02:59:47:00	02:59:48:00	different forest with
02:59:48:00	02:59:48:00	throughout Wisconsin.
02:59:48:00	02:59:49:00	>> So if you go to the drift
02:59:49:00	02:59:51:00	list area Drift less area if
02:59:51:00	02:59:51:00	you go to areas of Door County
02:59:51:00	02:59:52:00	there's parts of the north
02:59:52:00	02:59:54:00	woods, many counties throughout
02:59:54:00	02:59:55:00	the state I know of people who
02:59:55:00	02:59:58:00	tap Sugar maple either just for
02:59:58:00	03:00:01:00	themselves as farms or for
03:00:01:00	03:00:02:00	Selling as kind of a side
03:00:02:00	03:00:02:00	cottage business.
03:00:02:00	03:00:05:00	So Sugar Maple is truly In many
03:00:05:00	03:00:06:00	parts of the state.
03:00:06:00	03:00:09:00	It is an excellent Park tree
03:00:09:00	03:00:09:00	for parks.
03:00:09:00	03:00:12:00	It's an excellent tree For
03:00:12:00	03:00:13:00	either specimen trees or lawns.
03:00:13:00	03:00:17:00	>> It's a shade tree.
03:00:17:00	03:00:18:00	And sometimes people will ask
03:00:18:00	03:00:18:00	well what's a shade tree?
03:00:18:00	03:00:21:00	Aren't all trees Shade right?
03:00:21:00	03:00:22:00	So the shade of every tree is a
03:00:22:00	03:00:22:00	shade tree.
03:00:22:00	03:00:25:00	>> One of the kind of general
03:00:25:00	03:00:25:00	definitions that we use for
03:00:25:00	03:00:28:00	strange Shade trees are there
03:00:28:00	03:00:28:00	roughly as tall as they are
03:00:28:00	03:00:28:00	wide.
03:00:28:00	03:00:32:00	>> So Whereas if you think of a
03:00:32:00	03:00:32:00	nice little narrow column there
03:00:32:00	03:00:33:00	tree sure that produces a
03:00:33:00	03:00:35:00	little Bit a shade too.
03:00:35:00	03:00:36:00	But it's not something you're
03:00:36:00	03:00:36:00	going to drag a lawn chair
03:00:36:00	03:00:39:00	under And sit under under
03:00:39:00	03:00:39:00	the shade so shade tree
03:00:39:00	03:00:43:00	beautiful And also certainly it
03:00:43:00	03:00:43:00	has beautiful fall color as
03:00:43:00	03:00:43:00	well.
03:00:43:00	03:00:47:00	>> So how do you think Sugar
03:00:47:00	03:00:49:00	Maple built the Midwest?
03:00:49:00	03:00:50:00	So we kind of hinted at it a
03:00:50:00	03:00:51:00	little bit.
03:00:51:00	03:00:53:00	There is the Urban plantings.
03:00:53:00	03:00:54:00	You know, in certain situations
03:00:54:00	03:00:56:00	urban plantings are great.
03:00:56:00	03:00:57:00	Sugar maple.
03:00:57:00	03:00:58:00	You have to be careful in urban
03:00:58:00	03:00:58:00	settings though because they
03:00:58:00	03:01:01:00	don't do Well in where the soil
03:01:01:00	03:01:01:00	is compacted.
03:01:01:00	03:01:03:00	They don't do Well.
03:01:03:00	03:01:04:00	There's salt nearby.
03:01:04:00	03:01:05:00	And if you happen to be in an
03:01:05:00	03:01:07:00	area where there's a lot of
03:01:07:00	03:01:08:00	Pollution, they won't do real
03:01:08:00	03:01:08:00	well there either.
03:01:08:00	03:01:09:00	So if those conditions aren't
03:01:09:00	03:01:11:00	met, sugar maples can be a
03:01:11:00	03:01:12:00	great park tree or a great
03:01:12:00	03:01:15:00	specimen tree If you have
03:01:15:00	03:01:15:00	enough space to the house one
03:01:15:00	03:01:16:00	of them.
03:01:16:00	03:01:19:00	So that aside I think I heard
03:01:19:00	03:01:22:00	somebody whisper maple
03:01:22:00	03:01:23:00	Sugaring, right.
03:01:23:00	03:01:25:00	>> Maple sugar is An incredibly
03:01:25:00	03:01:29:00	important Industry in
03:01:29:00	03:01:29:00	the state.
03:01:29:00	03:01:32:00	>> So in Wisconsin allowed
03:01:32:00	03:01:33:00	Alone there are 7 million
03:01:33:00	03:01:36:00	dollars in sugar sugar Maple
03:01:36:00	03:01:37:00	production per year.
03:01:37:00	03:01:38:00	>> These are numbers from
03:01:38:00	03:01:38:00	the USDA.
03:01:38:00	03:01:39:00	>> We don't really think Of
03:01:39:00	03:01:40:00	ourselves as a sugar maple leaf
03:01:40:00	03:01:41:00	state but there are pockets
03:01:41:00	03:01:43:00	where it is commercially Viable
03:01:43:00	03:01:44:00	.
03:01:44:00	03:01:46:00	When you add up Wisconsin with
03:01:46:00	03:01:47:00	Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota
03:01:47:00	03:01:51:00	and Ohio and There all those
03:01:51:00	03:01:51:00	productions with Wisconsin
03:01:51:00	03:01:54:00	we're now looking at about 20
03:01:54:00	03:01:55:00	Million dollars in production.
03:01:55:00	03:01:56:00	>> So it's not insignificant.
03:01:56:00	03:01:58:00	>> Perhaps we're not Vermont
03:01:58:00	03:01:59:00	but it's not insignificant.
03:01:59:00	03:02:02:00	Vermont's Hits around a hundred
03:02:02:00	03:02:05:00	and forty sorry four hundred
03:02:05:00	03:02:08:00	Five hundred forty sorry 54
03:02:08:00	03:02:09:00	Million dollars in production.
03:02:09:00	03:02:10:00	>> And then when you compare
03:02:10:00	03:02:13:00	that to the entire U.S.
03:02:13:00	03:02:13:00	production we're looking at one
03:02:13:00	03:02:16:00	hundred forty one.
03:02:16:00	03:02:17:00	So our region about 20 only I
03:02:17:00	03:02:19:00	got that right about 20 million
03:02:19:00	03:02:24:00	Vermont 54 million And one
03:02:24:00	03:02:25:00	hundred forty one million for
03:02:25:00	03:02:25:00	the entire nation.
03:02:25:00	03:02:27:00	>> So We certainly contribute
03:02:27:00	03:02:31:00	into that overall supply.
03:02:31:00	03:02:32:00	So how did we learn about sugar
03:02:32:00	03:02:37:00	maple The first place?
03:02:37:00	03:02:37:00	Absolutely.
03:02:37:00	03:02:38:00	The First Nations people of
03:02:38:00	03:02:40:00	the US and Depending on where
03:02:40:00	03:02:41:00	the settlers first learned this
03:02:41:00	03:02:41:00	information they may have
03:02:41:00	03:02:44:00	learned it as Settlers in New
03:02:44:00	03:02:45:00	England learned how to do it
03:02:45:00	03:02:46:00	and then brought that knowledge
03:02:46:00	03:02:47:00	with them To the Midwest when
03:02:47:00	03:02:48:00	Western expansion and we
03:02:48:00	03:02:51:00	started moving west Or if they
03:02:51:00	03:02:52:00	didn't have that knowledge.
03:02:52:00	03:02:54:00	There is a good likelihood that
03:02:54:00	03:02:55:00	They may have learned from
03:02:55:00	03:02:55:00	the First Nations people in
03:02:55:00	03:02:58:00	Wisconsin or other other States
03:02:58:00	03:02:59:00	which are states now in
03:02:59:00	03:03:01:00	the Midwest.
03:03:01:00	03:03:02:00	>> So what are some other
03:03:02:00	03:03:03:00	economic contribution sugar
03:03:03:00	03:03:06:00	maple Make to the economy other
03:03:06:00	03:03:08:00	ways that Sugar Maple builds
03:03:08:00	03:03:09:00	the Economy in Wisconsin?
03:03:09:00	03:03:13:00	>> Hardwoods tons of.
03:03:13:00	03:03:14:00	>> Yeah, there's tons of
03:03:14:00	03:03:17:00	products That come from from
03:03:17:00	03:03:17:00	Maplewood.
03:03:17:00	03:03:20:00	So you think the hardwood
03:03:20:00	03:03:21:00	Flooring is often the one that
03:03:21:00	03:03:21:00	comes first to mind?
03:03:21:00	03:03:24:00	>> Furniture Veneer, you know,
03:03:24:00	03:03:24:00	gun stocks, tool handles
03:03:24:00	03:03:28:00	there's A number of things that
03:03:28:00	03:03:30:00	we use Sugar Maple would for
03:03:30:00	03:03:31:00	Instruments is another one.
03:03:31:00	03:03:31:00	Guitars and various other
03:03:31:00	03:03:34:00	stringed instruments.
03:03:34:00	03:03:35:00	So it really is an important
03:03:35:00	03:03:38:00	tree species for some Of our
03:03:38:00	03:03:39:00	products that we use our wood
03:03:39:00	03:03:41:00	products.
03:03:41:00	03:03:42:00	>> There's one other one.
03:03:42:00	03:03:45:00	Have you ever heard of the term
03:03:45:00	03:03:45:00	Leaf peepers?
03:03:45:00	03:03:46:00	>> I see a few nods.
03:03:46:00	03:03:52:00	OK, Leaf peepers Fall color.
03:03:52:00	03:03:55:00	>> Tourism is an important
03:03:55:00	03:03:56:00	Industry in this state.
03:03:56:00	03:03:56:00	>> Very important.
03:03:56:00	03:04:00:00	Like 13 billion billion with a
03:04:00:00	03:04:00:00	B dollars.
03:04:00:00	03:04:03:00	>> Important.
03:04:03:00	03:04:04:00	I wasn't able to find any
03:04:04:00	03:04:05:00	estimates as to how much of
03:04:05:00	03:04:10:00	that is used In in in leaf
03:04:10:00	03:04:10:00	Peeping.
03:04:10:00	03:04:12:00	But it is an important piece of
03:04:12:00	03:04:14:00	the overall Tourism and
03:04:14:00	03:04:15:00	spending expenditures in our
03:04:15:00	03:04:19:00	state When you add up, you
03:04:19:00	03:04:20:00	know, day trips for gas and
03:04:20:00	03:04:22:00	hotels maybe In restaurants.
03:04:22:00	03:04:23:00	>> Often I've talked to some
03:04:23:00	03:04:26:00	bed and breakfast Owners in
03:04:26:00	03:04:26:00	areas where there's a lot of
03:04:26:00	03:04:27:00	fall color and they're certain
03:04:27:00	03:04:30:00	weeks where They're packed
03:04:30:00	03:04:31:00	solid and it's largely due to
03:04:31:00	03:04:32:00	the leaf peepers.
03:04:32:00	03:04:33:00	>> I want to point your
03:04:33:00	03:04:34:00	direction point you to this Web
03:04:34:00	03:04:34:00	site.
03:04:34:00	03:04:37:00	>> This is a fantastic Web site
03:04:37:00	03:04:37:00	by the Department of Tourism
03:04:37:00	03:04:38:00	here in Wisconsin.
03:04:38:00	03:04:41:00	It's travel Wisconsin dot com
03:04:41:00	03:04:44:00	slash fall dash color Dash
03:04:44:00	03:04:44:00	report.
03:04:44:00	03:04:47:00	>> And this tracks the progress
03:04:47:00	03:04:48:00	Fall color during the season.
03:04:48:00	03:04:49:00	If you go to the Web site right
03:04:49:00	03:04:51:00	now, it's going to be all brown
03:04:51:00	03:04:52:00	At some point they're going to
03:04:52:00	03:04:53:00	get this passed peak right.
03:04:53:00	03:04:57:00	You see that On the screen At
03:04:57:00	03:04:58:00	some point late summer they're
03:04:58:00	03:04:59:00	going to reset that probably
03:04:59:00	03:05:01:00	late summer and that's Gonna be
03:05:01:00	03:05:01:00	all green.
03:05:01:00	03:05:02:00	>> And then as the fall color
03:05:02:00	03:05:05:00	happens during Season, those
03:05:05:00	03:05:05:00	different counties light up
03:05:05:00	03:05:06:00	different colors so you can
03:05:06:00	03:05:09:00	plan your day Trips or if you
03:05:09:00	03:05:10:00	want to do a weekend getaway
03:05:10:00	03:05:11:00	and you want to coordinate that
03:05:11:00	03:05:13:00	with fall Color change, maybe
03:05:13:00	03:05:13:00	do some hiking.
03:05:13:00	03:05:16:00	That's a great little Resource
03:05:16:00	03:05:16:00	to you.
03:05:16:00	03:05:17:00	So if you've never used that
03:05:17:00	03:05:17:00	before.
03:05:17:00	03:05:20:00	I highly encourage you to To to
03:05:20:00	03:05:20:00	to check that out.
03:05:20:00	03:05:24:00	>> Moving On to tree number
03:05:24:00	03:05:24:00	next one.
03:05:24:00	03:05:27:00	>> Three.
03:05:27:00	03:05:27:00	We'll see.
03:05:27:00	03:05:31:00	So the first two trees Were
03:05:31:00	03:05:31:00	opposite branched right?
03:05:31:00	03:05:34:00	This one is alternate As I
03:05:34:00	03:05:34:00	mentioned.
03:05:34:00	03:05:38:00	Mad horse trees.
03:05:38:00	03:05:39:00	Pretty much everything else is
03:05:39:00	03:05:41:00	the deciduous trees Are not
03:05:41:00	03:05:41:00	that.
03:05:41:00	03:05:42:00	So we know it's not in maple
03:05:42:00	03:05:45:00	ash dogwood or Our horse
03:05:45:00	03:05:45:00	chestnut.
03:05:45:00	03:05:46:00	>> So that leaves pretty much
03:05:46:00	03:05:47:00	everything else, right?
03:05:47:00	03:05:48:00	The .
03:05:48:00	03:05:49:00	So it's opposite.
03:05:49:00	03:05:49:00	Ah sorry.
03:05:49:00	03:05:52:00	It's alternate Branched I
03:05:52:00	03:05:53:00	might've said opposite before I
03:05:53:00	03:05:53:00	misspoke.
03:05:53:00	03:05:56:00	And there The leaves are
03:05:56:00	03:05:56:00	simple.
03:05:56:00	03:05:57:00	OK.
03:05:57:00	03:05:58:00	So it's one leaf stock and it's
03:05:58:00	03:05:59:00	a Leaf like that.
03:05:59:00	03:06:00:00	Now I'm an attempt to draw it's
03:06:00:00	03:06:03:00	sort of the Way it's supposed
03:06:03:00	03:06:04:00	to look.
03:06:04:00	03:06:05:00	>> If I don't mess up here.
03:06:05:00	03:06:06:00	>> There.
03:06:06:00	03:06:07:00	It's double sought to think of
03:06:07:00	03:06:10:00	double serrated double Sawtooth
03:06:10:00	03:06:14:00	leaf and It's not a good
03:06:14:00	03:06:18:00	drawing But if you if you
03:06:18:00	03:06:18:00	figured that out.
03:06:18:00	03:06:21:00	>> Let's talk after Probably
03:06:21:00	03:06:22:00	the most showy characteristic
03:06:22:00	03:06:22:00	and probably the most important
03:06:22:00	03:06:25:00	characteristic This particular
03:06:25:00	03:06:26:00	tree is that it has a white
03:06:26:00	03:06:28:00	bark.
03:06:28:00	03:06:29:00	>> You guys are good.
03:06:29:00	03:06:30:00	Yeah, I know.
03:06:30:00	03:06:33:00	And there's the white
03:06:33:00	03:06:33:00	exfoliating bark that's very
03:06:33:00	03:06:36:00	beautiful for winter in dreads
03:06:36:00	03:06:36:00	.
03:06:36:00	03:06:36:00	Yes.
03:06:36:00	03:06:40:00	>> White birch White birch is
03:06:40:00	03:06:40:00	an important tree in
03:06:40:00	03:06:44:00	the Midwest For a couple of
03:06:44:00	03:06:44:00	reasons.
03:06:44:00	03:06:45:00	>> One, it does provide really
03:06:45:00	03:06:48:00	beautiful Winter interest in
03:06:48:00	03:06:48:00	your in your yards and gardens.
03:06:48:00	03:06:51:00	>> One of the Challenges with
03:06:51:00	03:06:52:00	this particular tree is it
03:06:52:00	03:06:53:00	really is a more northern
03:06:53:00	03:06:56:00	species.
03:06:56:00	03:06:57:00	When I see northern species I
03:06:57:00	03:06:58:00	mean like northern lake zone to
03:06:58:00	03:06:59:00	candidate northern Species.
03:06:59:00	03:07:02:00	There are cultivars that are A
03:07:02:00	03:07:03:00	little better suited to to do
03:07:03:00	03:07:03:00	well here.
03:07:03:00	03:07:04:00	>> But whereas a natural
03:07:04:00	03:07:07:00	growing White birch up in maybe
03:07:07:00	03:07:10:00	northern Minnesota May live 60
03:07:10:00	03:07:14:00	to 80 years Here you might get
03:07:14:00	03:07:15:00	20 years they just don't do as
03:07:15:00	03:07:17:00	well in the Warmer in
03:07:17:00	03:07:17:00	the warmer climates but they
03:07:17:00	03:07:21:00	are Beautiful and they are a
03:07:21:00	03:07:24:00	really nice tree if You're
03:07:24:00	03:07:25:00	willing to deal with
03:07:25:00	03:07:25:00	the problems that come with
03:07:25:00	03:07:26:00	Birch and there are some
03:07:26:00	03:07:28:00	there's more and There's
03:07:28:00	03:07:28:00	different leaf miners and
03:07:28:00	03:07:29:00	there's different things that
03:07:29:00	03:07:32:00	just create Challenges for
03:07:32:00	03:07:32:00	somebody who wants to grow a
03:07:32:00	03:07:35:00	birch.
03:07:35:00	03:07:36:00	>> Let's take a little jump
03:07:36:00	03:07:36:00	back in history now.
03:07:36:00	03:07:39:00	I'm going to play A little
03:07:39:00	03:07:39:00	picture association game with
03:07:39:00	03:07:43:00	you So we have the state of
03:07:43:00	03:07:43:00	Wisconsin.
03:07:43:00	03:07:44:00	>> Very good.
03:07:44:00	03:07:46:00	You're paying attention.
03:07:46:00	03:07:48:00	I'm very happy to see that
03:07:48:00	03:07:56:00	That's a birch tree Top hat I'm
03:07:56:00	03:07:57:00	hearing a rodent name whispers
03:07:57:00	03:08:01:00	from the audience Beavers 
03:08:01:00	03:08:01:00	badgers.
03:08:01:00	03:08:03:00	>> Oh, I wish it was a vax
03:08:03:00	03:08:07:00	Beavers.
03:08:07:00	03:08:08:00	>> Are we seeing the connection
03:08:08:00	03:08:09:00	yet?
03:08:09:00	03:08:11:00	Well we'll we'll we'll get To
03:08:11:00	03:08:11:00	it.
03:08:11:00	03:08:12:00	So back a century or two ago,
03:08:12:00	03:08:15:00	one of the primary economies In
03:08:15:00	03:08:16:00	many parts of this part of
03:08:16:00	03:08:19:00	the world in the Midwest Is
03:08:19:00	03:08:19:00	the fur trade.
03:08:19:00	03:08:23:00	So French Wagers would work
03:08:23:00	03:08:26:00	with the First Nations People
03:08:26:00	03:08:27:00	though the original habitat of
03:08:27:00	03:08:30:00	the area and they would Trap 
03:08:30:00	03:08:33:00	which would then be processed
03:08:33:00	03:08:34:00	Into top hats.
03:08:34:00	03:08:38:00	>> The reason why top hats Are
03:08:38:00	03:08:38:00	really important back in we're
03:08:38:00	03:08:41:00	talking like the 16 50s to 1850
03:08:41:00	03:08:41:00	roughly.
03:08:41:00	03:08:42:00	So for about a 200 year period
03:08:42:00	03:08:45:00	is when A fur trade was a
03:08:45:00	03:08:46:00	really big deal.
03:08:46:00	03:08:49:00	And parts of the Midwest Also
03:08:49:00	03:08:50:00	in large vast areas of Canada
03:08:50:00	03:08:53:00	as well Birch or sorry not
03:08:53:00	03:08:57:00	Birch Fur  fur can be shaved
03:08:57:00	03:09:00:00	from the pelts And pressed into
03:09:00:00	03:09:01:00	a fault which then is able to
03:09:01:00	03:09:03:00	be made Into these beautiful
03:09:03:00	03:09:04:00	historic looking top hats.
03:09:04:00	03:09:07:00	>> The reason one Of the main
03:09:07:00	03:09:08:00	reasons why this was such an
03:09:08:00	03:09:11:00	important technology of the Day
03:09:11:00	03:09:12:00	was that those hats were
03:09:12:00	03:09:12:00	waterproof and this was in a
03:09:12:00	03:09:15:00	day Before Gore attacks or
03:09:15:00	03:09:15:00	these fancy new chemistries
03:09:15:00	03:09:18:00	that we have these Waterproof
03:09:18:00	03:09:18:00	clothing.
03:09:18:00	03:09:19:00	This was one of the very few
03:09:19:00	03:09:21:00	things that they could use To
03:09:21:00	03:09:22:00	keep their heads dry.
03:09:22:00	03:09:23:00	And if folks were farming, if
03:09:23:00	03:09:26:00	folks Where we think of top
03:09:26:00	03:09:26:00	hats now was a very fancy Manzi
03:09:26:00	03:09:29:00	thing that people Wear.
03:09:29:00	03:09:30:00	>> I don't know like weddings
03:09:30:00	03:09:30:00	or something there.
03:09:30:00	03:09:32:00	I don't Know if anybody wears
03:09:32:00	03:09:32:00	top hats anymore.
03:09:32:00	03:09:36:00	But back then they were used to
03:09:36:00	03:09:36:00	protect their heads from
03:09:36:00	03:09:37:00	the rain.
03:09:37:00	03:09:40:00	Also that Rain would keep a
03:09:40:00	03:09:40:00	little bit of the sun off too
03:09:40:00	03:09:41:00	and that sort of thing.
03:09:41:00	03:09:46:00	>> So The comment was maybe
03:09:46:00	03:09:46:00	those folks are worrying  hats.
03:09:46:00	03:09:49:00	Yeah.
03:09:49:00	03:09:50:00	I don't think so.
03:09:50:00	03:09:51:00	In this case they should be
03:09:51:00	03:09:51:00	though.
03:09:51:00	03:09:52:00	>> Dang it.
03:09:52:00	03:09:53:00	The Voyagers were a poor class
03:09:53:00	03:09:53:00	of likely.
03:09:53:00	03:09:54:00	>> The likelihood of them
03:09:54:00	03:09:57:00	wearing top Hats is probably a
03:09:57:00	03:09:57:00	little lower.
03:09:57:00	03:09:57:00	Yeah.
03:09:57:00	03:09:59:00	Yeah.
03:09:59:00	03:10:00:00	So this is not an original
03:10:00:00	03:10:01:00	photograph.
03:10:01:00	03:10:03:00	This is pre digital photography
03:10:03:00	03:10:03:00	.
03:10:03:00	03:10:04:00	And actually you can see that
03:10:04:00	03:10:05:00	little pull cord.
03:10:05:00	03:10:07:00	You can Tell also.
03:10:07:00	03:10:08:00	Back then they didn't have
03:10:08:00	03:10:10:00	the life life saving air
03:10:10:00	03:10:11:00	Inflatable thing is that these
03:10:11:00	03:10:14:00	got these these reactors have.
03:10:14:00	03:10:15:00	So now we're building
03:10:15:00	03:10:15:00	the connection now.
03:10:15:00	03:10:18:00	So Back during this time period
03:10:18:00	03:10:22:00	we didn't have highways, we had
03:10:22:00	03:10:22:00	rivers and rivers were
03:10:22:00	03:10:25:00	the highways of the day Back
03:10:25:00	03:10:26:00	then they wouldn't have cars.
03:10:26:00	03:10:29:00	>> They had canoes Made of
03:10:29:00	03:10:32:00	everyone birch bark.
03:10:32:00	03:10:33:00	>> You got it.
03:10:33:00	03:10:36:00	So this was a massive Industry.
03:10:36:00	03:10:37:00	So what would happen is they
03:10:37:00	03:10:40:00	had the primary Location in
03:10:40:00	03:10:40:00	Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
03:10:40:00	03:10:43:00	And that may not be exactly
03:10:43:00	03:10:44:00	Where it is but somewhere in
03:10:44:00	03:10:48:00	there and then Voice your
03:10:48:00	03:10:48:00	consumers would go through
03:10:48:00	03:10:51:00	the Great Lakes And can you can
03:10:51:00	03:10:52:00	you can you can you can you.
03:10:52:00	03:10:55:00	>> And They would.
03:10:55:00	03:10:56:00	There would be some of that
03:10:56:00	03:10:56:00	would come to Green Bay.
03:10:56:00	03:10:58:00	There was a there was a trading
03:10:58:00	03:11:01:00	posting in Green Bay.
03:11:01:00	03:11:02:00	Others would continue on and
03:11:02:00	03:11:03:00	follow the north shore of Lake
03:11:03:00	03:11:05:00	Superior And some would go into
03:11:05:00	03:11:08:00	the superior area and then also
03:11:08:00	03:11:09:00	Some would.
03:11:09:00	03:11:10:00	And then often this wasn't be
03:11:10:00	03:11:11:00	one group of people like they
03:11:11:00	03:11:13:00	would be Trading things off and
03:11:13:00	03:11:14:00	different people would be
03:11:14:00	03:11:14:00	the long haul.
03:11:14:00	03:11:16:00	Some would be the interior in
03:11:16:00	03:11:16:00	the In the forests and that
03:11:16:00	03:11:17:00	sort of thing.
03:11:17:00	03:11:19:00	And then from what's now
03:11:19:00	03:11:20:00	Current day, Thunder Bay,
03:11:20:00	03:11:21:00	Ontario, Canada there was
03:11:21:00	03:11:22:00	another route and they had go
03:11:22:00	03:11:24:00	through all Canada like they
03:11:24:00	03:11:24:00	just be everywhere.
03:11:24:00	03:11:27:00	And and I Have to give you a
03:11:27:00	03:11:28:00	disclaimer this map may not be
03:11:28:00	03:11:29:00	exactly accurate.
03:11:29:00	03:11:31:00	But you get the idea.
03:11:31:00	03:11:32:00	>> So within the Midwest we saw
03:11:32:00	03:11:35:00	areas Of fur trade happening in
03:11:35:00	03:11:38:00	the Duluth superior area.
03:11:38:00	03:11:39:00	You'd certainly seen it in
03:11:39:00	03:11:39:00	the north woods.
03:11:39:00	03:11:42:00	So Green Bay and Y Through
03:11:42:00	03:11:42:00	here.
03:11:42:00	03:11:43:00	And then also along the road
03:11:43:00	03:11:44:00	you'd also see some through
03:11:44:00	03:11:45:00	what's Current in Michigan and
03:11:45:00	03:11:46:00	along there.
03:11:46:00	03:11:49:00	So a really important industry
03:11:49:00	03:11:53:00	That was occurring If you're
03:11:53:00	03:11:54:00	interested in learning a little
03:11:54:00	03:11:56:00	more about the fur Trade,
03:11:56:00	03:12:00:00	the Wisconsin horticulture
03:12:00:00	03:12:03:00	Horticulture historic office,
03:12:03:00	03:12:04:00	Wisconsin Historical Society.
03:12:04:00	03:12:07:00	>> Sorry that's Got hurt.
03:12:07:00	03:12:08:00	Horticulture on the Mind has a
03:12:08:00	03:12:11:00	really great resource And if
03:12:11:00	03:12:12:00	you just either searched it
03:12:12:00	03:12:12:00	French Fur Trade Wisconsin
03:12:12:00	03:12:15:00	historical historical Society
03:12:15:00	03:12:16:00	you'll find some really great
03:12:16:00	03:12:18:00	resources that get into more of
03:12:18:00	03:12:18:00	the Stories.
03:12:18:00	03:12:19:00	Not a whole lot on on birch
03:12:19:00	03:12:22:00	trees roll But doesn't really
03:12:22:00	03:12:23:00	need general knowledge and it
03:12:23:00	03:12:24:00	really gives you a real sense
03:12:24:00	03:12:26:00	of What's been happening on
03:12:26:00	03:12:27:00	these lands for many, many,
03:12:27:00	03:12:29:00	many generations.
03:12:29:00	03:12:33:00	Let's move on to tree Number
03:12:33:00	03:12:34:00	right for now.
03:12:34:00	03:12:34:00	Right.
03:12:34:00	03:12:34:00	OK.
03:12:34:00	03:12:37:00	And hopefully not The last one
03:12:37:00	03:12:37:00	.
03:12:37:00	03:12:38:00	>> What I have till you.
03:12:38:00	03:12:40:00	We I think we got Time.
03:12:40:00	03:12:41:00	I think we got time.
03:12:41:00	03:12:44:00	So this next tree Again is
03:12:44:00	03:12:45:00	alternately branched which
03:12:45:00	03:12:48:00	really tells you nothing.
03:12:48:00	03:12:49:00	The leaves are simple in my
03:12:49:00	03:12:52:00	drawing Ability will tell you
03:12:52:00	03:12:56:00	nothing but it has fruit On it
03:12:56:00	03:12:56:00	and the fruit.
03:12:56:00	03:12:58:00	This is a cross section of
03:12:58:00	03:13:02:00	Fruit and it has five little
03:13:02:00	03:13:03:00	Chambered compartments with
03:13:03:00	03:13:07:00	typically One or two seeds in
03:13:07:00	03:13:07:00	there.
03:13:07:00	03:13:10:00	And I guess Apple you got an
03:13:10:00	03:13:13:00	apple is an incredibly
03:13:13:00	03:13:14:00	Important species to
03:13:14:00	03:13:14:00	the Midwest.
03:13:14:00	03:13:23:00	>> Believe it or not.
03:13:23:00	03:13:24:00	All right.
03:13:24:00	03:13:27:00	So but The question I have is
03:13:27:00	03:13:28:00	where did the domestic apple
03:13:28:00	03:13:30:00	originate from?
03:13:30:00	03:13:33:00	>> This is from the apple tree
03:13:33:00	03:13:34:00	.
03:13:34:00	03:13:35:00	>> There's always somebody in
03:13:35:00	03:13:35:00	the crowd.
03:13:35:00	03:13:38:00	Yeah, the apple fruit red
03:13:38:00	03:13:39:00	rising from the apple tree.
03:13:39:00	03:13:42:00	Yeah, This is the first and
03:13:42:00	03:13:43:00	only tree on this list that
03:13:43:00	03:13:45:00	isn't a native Of North
03:13:45:00	03:13:45:00	America, Central Asia,
03:13:45:00	03:13:49:00	Kazakhstan.
03:13:49:00	03:13:49:00	>> Yes.
03:13:49:00	03:13:50:00	So it originally that's where
03:13:50:00	03:13:53:00	in It's it's a pretty big thing
03:13:53:00	03:13:54:00	out there like.
03:13:54:00	03:13:55:00	>> I've seen photographs of
03:13:55:00	03:13:57:00	Apple festivals.
03:13:57:00	03:13:57:00	It's a huge thing.
03:13:57:00	03:13:58:00	That's where the origins of our
03:13:58:00	03:14:00:00	current Apple Come today come
03:14:00:00	03:14:00:00	from today.
03:14:00:00	03:14:01:00	And the really interesting
03:14:01:00	03:14:04:00	thing about The apples genetics
03:14:04:00	03:14:08:00	is that it is incredibly Broad
03:14:08:00	03:14:08:00	we'll say.
03:14:08:00	03:14:11:00	So if you take Seed out of that
03:14:11:00	03:14:12:00	apple that you purchase at
03:14:12:00	03:14:13:00	the store and planted in New
03:14:13:00	03:14:15:00	Rachel, germinate it.
03:14:15:00	03:14:16:00	>> Are you going to get that
03:14:16:00	03:14:18:00	same thing growing Like if I
03:14:18:00	03:14:19:00	get a red delicious.
03:14:19:00	03:14:20:00	>> I don't know why you need a
03:14:20:00	03:14:20:00	red delicious.
03:14:20:00	03:14:22:00	Let's say you eat regulations
03:14:22:00	03:14:23:00	And you planted and it comes up
03:14:23:00	03:14:23:00	or you don't get a red
03:14:23:00	03:14:23:00	delicious.
03:14:23:00	03:14:26:00	You're not Nuts because of that
03:14:26:00	03:14:27:00	genetic variability.
03:14:27:00	03:14:30:00	There's just so broad Which in
03:14:30:00	03:14:31:00	some ways if you're an apple
03:14:31:00	03:14:33:00	breeder could be kind of handy
03:14:33:00	03:14:34:00	Because what you can do is as
03:14:34:00	03:14:34:00	you plant those trees some
03:14:34:00	03:14:37:00	weren't Going to generate some
03:14:37:00	03:14:38:00	aren't going to do well in your
03:14:38:00	03:14:39:00	geography but some are going to
03:14:39:00	03:14:41:00	do really Well.
03:14:41:00	03:14:42:00	And those are ones that you can
03:14:42:00	03:14:44:00	then select for for your your
03:14:44:00	03:14:44:00	Local geography.
03:14:44:00	03:14:45:00	Maybe they're cold hardy or if
03:14:45:00	03:14:48:00	you're in a warmer area maybe
03:14:48:00	03:14:49:00	This deal better with the heat
03:14:49:00	03:14:49:00	and that sort of thing.
03:14:49:00	03:14:52:00	And so for example, just kind
03:14:52:00	03:14:53:00	of give you a little
03:14:53:00	03:14:55:00	illustration Where you find
03:14:55:00	03:14:56:00	apples in the world today.
03:14:56:00	03:14:58:00	You all heard of Fuji Apple,
03:14:58:00	03:14:59:00	right?
03:14:59:00	03:15:02:00	>> Give that was developed In
03:15:02:00	03:15:02:00	Japan.
03:15:02:00	03:15:03:00	Japan.
03:15:03:00	03:15:03:00	>> Right.
03:15:03:00	03:15:06:00	How about Arkansas?
03:15:06:00	03:15:07:00	Now you may not see that
03:15:07:00	03:15:10:00	everywhere in the grocery
03:15:10:00	03:15:11:00	Stories but I know there's some
03:15:11:00	03:15:11:00	growers in the state that grow
03:15:11:00	03:15:12:00	so black.
03:15:12:00	03:15:13:00	>> It's a great apple Ida Red.
03:15:13:00	03:15:17:00	I hope How about this one?
03:15:17:00	03:15:18:00	This one I bet you nobody knows
03:15:18:00	03:15:19:00	this one.
03:15:19:00	03:15:23:00	>> The bloody Plowman Scotland
03:15:23:00	03:15:24:00	.
03:15:24:00	03:15:24:00	I don't know why those Scots
03:15:24:00	03:15:27:00	are just a tough bite on
03:15:27:00	03:15:27:00	Actually.
03:15:27:00	03:15:30:00	I think that particular One was
03:15:30:00	03:15:31:00	named if you cut into it I've
03:15:31:00	03:15:32:00	never actually seen one in
03:15:32:00	03:15:32:00	person.
03:15:32:00	03:15:34:00	If you cut into that apple If
03:15:34:00	03:15:35:00	it's a white fleshed fruit with
03:15:35:00	03:15:38:00	all those red Kind of bloody
03:15:38:00	03:15:39:00	looking design and it's really
03:15:39:00	03:15:42:00	quite striking and Slightly
03:15:42:00	03:15:42:00	creepy so.
03:15:42:00	03:15:46:00	>> So that's Very Billie really
03:15:46:00	03:15:46:00	does help breeders in finding
03:15:46:00	03:15:50:00	species that Could be good for
03:15:50:00	03:15:52:00	your local area.
03:15:52:00	03:15:53:00	That being said, if you're
03:15:53:00	03:15:56:00	trying to breed a really
03:15:56:00	03:15:57:00	Delicious apple, it's very
03:15:57:00	03:15:57:00	tricky.
03:15:57:00	03:16:01:00	So the way Breeders and proper
03:16:01:00	03:16:04:00	gators and those kind of folks
03:16:04:00	03:16:05:00	Deal with that is it's by a
03:16:05:00	03:16:05:00	term called grafting.
03:16:05:00	03:16:06:00	Some of you I'm sure are
03:16:06:00	03:16:08:00	familiar with Grafting some
03:16:08:00	03:16:11:00	maybe not so well the way We
03:16:11:00	03:16:12:00	propagate apples is we will
03:16:12:00	03:16:14:00	have a root stock.
03:16:14:00	03:16:15:00	>> So basically the roots cut
03:16:15:00	03:16:16:00	off the top so to speak and
03:16:16:00	03:16:19:00	then Whatever apple we want,
03:16:19:00	03:16:20:00	we'll take a cutting from that
03:16:20:00	03:16:22:00	apple.
03:16:22:00	03:16:23:00	If I want a liberty I'll take a
03:16:23:00	03:16:26:00	little bit of wood But on it
03:16:26:00	03:16:27:00	grafted on attach it to a root
03:16:27:00	03:16:30:00	stock And then over time if I'm
03:16:30:00	03:16:31:00	lucky in it in the graft takes
03:16:31:00	03:16:33:00	I will Then have in many years
03:16:33:00	03:16:34:00	from now or a few years from
03:16:34:00	03:16:35:00	now I'll have a tree producing
03:16:35:00	03:16:37:00	that Liberty apple which is a
03:16:37:00	03:16:40:00	really great thing we Like
03:16:40:00	03:16:41:00	liberty apples.
03:16:41:00	03:16:43:00	Now when you go to the nursery
03:16:43:00	03:16:44:00	You will often see apples with
03:16:44:00	03:16:47:00	the tag something like semi
03:16:47:00	03:16:48:00	Dwarf dwarf standard and that
03:16:48:00	03:16:51:00	is really pointing to the Root
03:16:51:00	03:16:52:00	stock.
03:16:52:00	03:16:53:00	>> So we select root stock for
03:16:53:00	03:16:55:00	a number of characteristic.
03:16:55:00	03:16:57:00	>> One of them is controlling
03:16:57:00	03:17:00:00	the size of the tree.
03:17:00:00	03:17:01:00	>> Also there's other things
03:17:01:00	03:17:02:00	that are going on such as
03:17:02:00	03:17:03:00	disease resistance or certain
03:17:03:00	03:17:03:00	Soil.
03:17:03:00	03:17:04:00	Some root stocks tend to do
03:17:04:00	03:17:04:00	better and Sandy versus you
03:17:04:00	03:17:07:00	know a little less Well more
03:17:07:00	03:17:07:00	lonely.
03:17:07:00	03:17:08:00	>> And that sort of thing.
03:17:08:00	03:17:10:00	So the dwarf root stock tend to
03:17:10:00	03:17:10:00	Tend to grow somewhere.
03:17:10:00	03:17:11:00	>> Again, these are all
03:17:11:00	03:17:14:00	ballpark Somewhere in the eight
03:17:14:00	03:17:15:00	foot eight to 10 foot range so
03:17:15:00	03:17:18:00	dwarfing Stock.
03:17:18:00	03:17:19:00	>> And typically you're going
03:17:19:00	03:17:19:00	to need to stay stake them,
03:17:19:00	03:17:20:00	stake them to give it some sort
03:17:20:00	03:17:21:00	of Support because when they
03:17:21:00	03:17:22:00	start to bear those apples are
03:17:22:00	03:17:25:00	so Heavy just going to pull to
03:17:25:00	03:17:26:00	the ground and snap that little
03:17:26:00	03:17:28:00	little Plant semi dwarf tends
03:17:28:00	03:17:32:00	to be Somewhere in the 12 to 15
03:17:32:00	03:17:36:00	foot range something Like that.
03:17:36:00	03:17:37:00	>> And then standard is like
03:17:37:00	03:17:39:00	the full apple Is pretty much
03:17:39:00	03:17:40:00	what you would expect a full
03:17:40:00	03:17:43:00	apple to grow A lot of
03:17:43:00	03:17:44:00	homeowners the semi dwarf is a
03:17:44:00	03:17:47:00	pretty Popular one because
03:17:47:00	03:17:48:00	they're big enough that you
03:17:48:00	03:17:50:00	might get a little bit of shade
03:17:50:00	03:17:51:00	But you don't have to deal with
03:17:51:00	03:17:52:00	staking and making sure that
03:17:52:00	03:17:54:00	the staking in the In their
03:17:54:00	03:17:54:00	connections aren't gurgling
03:17:54:00	03:17:55:00	your tree and that sort of
03:17:55:00	03:17:55:00	thing.
03:17:55:00	03:17:59:00	>> And those are also pretty
03:17:59:00	03:17:59:00	nice but they take up a lot of
03:17:59:00	03:18:00:00	space and they also take a heck
03:18:00:00	03:18:02:00	of a lot Time to to bear fruit
03:18:02:00	03:18:02:00	whereas with dwarf it might be
03:18:02:00	03:18:05:00	two Or three years after
03:18:05:00	03:18:06:00	planting you might get your
03:18:06:00	03:18:08:00	first apple dwarf might Be a
03:18:08:00	03:18:09:00	little bit longer than that and
03:18:09:00	03:18:12:00	I don't know maybe five Years
03:18:12:00	03:18:13:00	and then standards could be
03:18:13:00	03:18:13:00	somewhere in the ballpark of a
03:18:13:00	03:18:16:00	lot longer, maybe 10.
03:18:16:00	03:18:17:00	I don't know the exact years.
03:18:17:00	03:18:20:00	>> So you see the two Y Axes
03:18:20:00	03:18:20:00	here.
03:18:20:00	03:18:21:00	So on the left here you see
03:18:21:00	03:18:23:00	that the feet and then on
03:18:23:00	03:18:24:00	the Right you see
03:18:24:00	03:18:24:00	the percentages.
03:18:24:00	03:18:28:00	So If you have a tree that
03:18:28:00	03:18:28:00	generally grows really big it
03:18:28:00	03:18:30:00	might be a little over 20 foot
03:18:30:00	03:18:31:00	even on a standard or might be
03:18:31:00	03:18:32:00	a little bit bigger on
03:18:32:00	03:18:33:00	the higher end of that range
03:18:33:00	03:18:34:00	for The semi door.
03:18:34:00	03:18:35:00	Makes sense.
03:18:35:00	03:18:37:00	>> I had to get That
03:18:37:00	03:18:38:00	horticultural stuff out of my
03:18:38:00	03:18:39:00	mind out of my out to me.
03:18:39:00	03:18:39:00	Now we're going to talk a
03:18:39:00	03:18:41:00	little bit about the History.
03:18:41:00	03:18:42:00	>> OK.
03:18:42:00	03:18:44:00	>> So got a couple Questions
03:18:44:00	03:18:45:00	for you.
03:18:45:00	03:18:46:00	>> I'm going to need some apple
03:18:46:00	03:18:49:00	varieties And I'd like you to
03:18:49:00	03:18:52:00	raise your hand if you've ever
03:18:52:00	03:18:52:00	Had one.
03:18:52:00	03:18:53:00	OK.
03:18:53:00	03:18:55:00	And at home Feel free.
03:18:55:00	03:18:56:00	It's OK.
03:18:56:00	03:18:59:00	Rave First kiss.
03:18:59:00	03:19:02:00	>> Those ones are coming to
03:19:02:00	03:19:02:00	the Market.
03:19:02:00	03:19:06:00	Their new snow sweet.
03:19:06:00	03:19:07:00	>> OK.
03:19:07:00	03:19:07:00	That's Star.
03:19:07:00	03:19:09:00	Yeah, that's one My favorite
03:19:09:00	03:19:10:00	early varieties.
03:19:10:00	03:19:13:00	>> Sweet Tango.
03:19:13:00	03:19:14:00	Here's one I believe there's
03:19:14:00	03:19:15:00	one grower in Wisconsin that
03:19:15:00	03:19:22:00	grows them Frostbite Sweet 16
03:19:22:00	03:19:27:00	Carlson And Honey Crisp ex vic.
03:19:27:00	03:19:30:00	>> That's what I Expected.
03:19:30:00	03:19:30:00	Almost all the hands went up.
03:19:30:00	03:19:34:00	>> We can Thank the breeders.
03:19:34:00	03:19:34:00	There there's some apple
03:19:34:00	03:19:35:00	breeders in the Midwest we can
03:19:35:00	03:19:37:00	thank Them for those species
03:19:37:00	03:19:38:00	are those varieties and many,
03:19:38:00	03:19:40:00	many More.
03:19:40:00	03:19:41:00	>> The university Minnesota has
03:19:41:00	03:19:45:00	a very robust And strong apple
03:19:45:00	03:19:45:00	breeding program.
03:19:45:00	03:19:48:00	And if it wasn't for Them, we
03:19:48:00	03:19:48:00	wouldn't have those apple
03:19:48:00	03:19:49:00	varieties today.
03:19:49:00	03:19:52:00	>> I reached out to the breeder
03:19:52:00	03:19:55:00	of the Honey Crisp As I got
03:19:55:00	03:19:56:00	into this bit of an email
03:19:56:00	03:19:57:00	dialog and told them what I was
03:19:57:00	03:19:57:00	doing here.
03:19:57:00	03:19:59:00	So he shared Information with
03:19:59:00	03:19:59:00	me.
03:19:59:00	03:20:00:00	And so the story of the Honey
03:20:00:00	03:20:02:00	Crisp but I want to Talk about
03:20:02:00	03:20:03:00	that because it's depending on
03:20:03:00	03:20:03:00	the numbers you look at it's
03:20:03:00	03:20:06:00	might be the fifth Top selling
03:20:06:00	03:20:07:00	apple in the nation or sixth or
03:20:07:00	03:20:07:00	fourth.
03:20:07:00	03:20:10:00	It's A pretty popular apple
03:20:10:00	03:20:11:00	because it's it's crunchy.
03:20:11:00	03:20:13:00	>> It's fairly sweet.
03:20:13:00	03:20:14:00	There's certainly sweeter ones
03:20:14:00	03:20:15:00	out there and just an all
03:20:15:00	03:20:17:00	around Real nice apple.
03:20:17:00	03:20:20:00	So back in the 60s
03:20:20:00	03:20:21:00	The Minnesota breeding program
03:20:21:00	03:20:24:00	they crossed a few apples And
03:20:24:00	03:20:25:00	they had you know, they
03:20:25:00	03:20:28:00	basically they Had the honey
03:20:28:00	03:20:29:00	crisp on their lot but they
03:20:29:00	03:20:29:00	didn't know it.
03:20:29:00	03:20:32:00	This went on for 20 years then
03:20:32:00	03:20:32:00	in 79.
03:20:32:00	03:20:35:00	David Bedford Is the breeder
03:20:35:00	03:20:36:00	that I was e-mailing.
03:20:36:00	03:20:39:00	He started in 79 And those
03:20:39:00	03:20:40:00	trees were actually the Honey
03:20:40:00	03:20:43:00	Krispies Raki slated to Be cut
03:20:43:00	03:20:44:00	down to be removed because it
03:20:44:00	03:20:44:00	wasn't performing well.
03:20:44:00	03:20:46:00	They weren't they?
03:20:46:00	03:20:47:00	It just wasn't doing what they
03:20:47:00	03:20:48:00	were expecting it to do.
03:20:48:00	03:20:50:00	And but For a couple of years
03:20:50:00	03:20:51:00	he said let's just wait.
03:20:51:00	03:20:52:00	Let's just wait.
03:20:52:00	03:20:54:00	And then in 83 He had his first
03:20:54:00	03:20:57:00	chance to taste this apple and
03:20:57:00	03:20:58:00	Often breeders they'll give
03:20:58:00	03:20:58:00	little codes.
03:20:58:00	03:20:59:00	>> They won't actually give you
03:20:59:00	03:21:01:00	the name of that.
03:21:01:00	03:21:02:00	They don't know if it's gonna
03:21:02:00	03:21:02:00	be a commercially viable plant.
03:21:02:00	03:21:05:00	So if you Go to the grocery
03:21:05:00	03:21:06:00	store, if you go and you ask
03:21:06:00	03:21:12:00	for a M and 1 7 1 1 First of
03:21:12:00	03:21:13:00	all the clicks and I think
03:21:13:00	03:21:16:00	you're a  second.
03:21:16:00	03:21:17:00	>> Well that was actually what
03:21:17:00	03:21:18:00	the honey crisp name was before
03:21:18:00	03:21:20:00	it became Market before it was
03:21:20:00	03:21:20:00	put on the market.
03:21:20:00	03:21:23:00	>> So at that Point because
03:21:23:00	03:21:24:00	those see those those trees
03:21:24:00	03:21:27:00	would have been bred by Seed.
03:21:27:00	03:21:27:00	>> Right.
03:21:27:00	03:21:28:00	They're doing crossings.
03:21:28:00	03:21:30:00	They started the asexual
03:21:30:00	03:21:31:00	Graphing, you know, new
03:21:31:00	03:21:31:00	production of it.
03:21:31:00	03:21:34:00	We have a winner here, guys and
03:21:34:00	03:21:35:00	then they start ramping up and
03:21:35:00	03:21:37:00	trying to find growers To then
03:21:37:00	03:21:38:00	produce the honey crisp and
03:21:38:00	03:21:41:00	back then we're Talking like in
03:21:41:00	03:21:42:00	the 80s and you know, basically
03:21:42:00	03:21:45:00	a lot of grocers Would say we
03:21:45:00	03:21:45:00	want the red one, we want
03:21:45:00	03:21:46:00	the green one and we want
03:21:46:00	03:21:46:00	the gold one.
03:21:46:00	03:21:49:00	And That was good enough.
03:21:49:00	03:21:49:00	All right.
03:21:49:00	03:21:50:00	So our apple diversity like
03:21:50:00	03:21:52:00	when I was a kid I hated apples
03:21:52:00	03:21:52:00	like apples were not my thing.
03:21:52:00	03:21:55:00	Now they become my thing
03:21:55:00	03:21:56:00	Because there is so much righty
03:21:56:00	03:21:57:00	that is now, you know, entering
03:21:57:00	03:21:59:00	market and is like a
03:21:59:00	03:22:00:00	Orchardists who are really
03:22:00:00	03:22:04:00	getting into Priding, you know,
03:22:04:00	03:22:06:00	these these various varieties.
03:22:06:00	03:22:07:00	So in the email exchange with
03:22:07:00	03:22:11:00	David I want to ask him because
03:22:11:00	03:22:12:00	I've seen some numbers now
03:22:12:00	03:22:12:00	curious what he was going to
03:22:12:00	03:22:13:00	say.
03:22:13:00	03:22:15:00	>> So I asked them I said so
03:22:15:00	03:22:17:00	for every time you do one Of
03:22:17:00	03:22:18:00	these crises right where you're
03:22:18:00	03:22:19:00	trying to think oh this apple
03:22:19:00	03:22:21:00	and this apple might work.
03:22:21:00	03:22:22:00	I asked him what's
03:22:22:00	03:22:22:00	the probability of actually
03:22:22:00	03:22:23:00	getting something getting a
03:22:23:00	03:22:25:00	winner, getting something of be
03:22:25:00	03:22:25:00	market market viable?
03:22:25:00	03:22:26:00	He says it's one in ten
03:22:26:00	03:22:28:00	thousand Roughly.
03:22:28:00	03:22:29:00	And that's in a controlled
03:22:29:00	03:22:32:00	breeding situation.
03:22:32:00	03:22:33:00	So they're controlling a lot of
03:22:33:00	03:22:33:00	things.
03:22:33:00	03:22:36:00	If you tried that at home And
03:22:36:00	03:22:37:00	you planted a seed and you got
03:22:37:00	03:22:41:00	something that tasted good, you
03:22:41:00	03:22:41:00	just won the lottery because
03:22:41:00	03:22:42:00	I've seen numbers as high as
03:22:42:00	03:22:44:00	like And I don't know how
03:22:44:00	03:22:45:00	accurate these are but I've
03:22:45:00	03:22:46:00	seen them as high as one in 60
03:22:46:00	03:22:48:00	thousand And I'm not sure how
03:22:48:00	03:22:48:00	accurate that is.
03:22:48:00	03:22:49:00	>> But I've seen numbers that
03:22:49:00	03:22:51:00	high but In their controlled
03:22:51:00	03:22:52:00	situation one in 20, one in ten
03:22:52:00	03:22:52:00	thousand.
03:22:52:00	03:22:55:00	So it's It's it's a lot of
03:22:55:00	03:22:55:00	work.
03:22:55:00	03:22:56:00	It's a lot of failing.
03:22:56:00	03:22:58:00	And once in a while you hit A
03:22:58:00	03:22:59:00	homerun.
03:22:59:00	03:23:01:00	I did want to share a Video
03:23:01:00	03:23:03:00	with you but I wasn't able to
03:23:03:00	03:23:06:00	get the rights Because this is
03:23:06:00	03:23:06:00	being recorded.
03:23:06:00	03:23:09:00	>> But what I did provide Is
03:23:09:00	03:23:10:00	there is the link to
03:23:10:00	03:23:11:00	the YouTube link to it.
03:23:11:00	03:23:13:00	>> Or if you just simply Google
03:23:13:00	03:23:14:00	have we engineered the perfect
03:23:14:00	03:23:17:00	Apple And it's kind of
03:23:17:00	03:23:18:00	the story of the Minnesota
03:23:18:00	03:23:21:00	breeding program As it's
03:23:21:00	03:23:21:00	centered around the honey crisp
03:23:21:00	03:23:22:00	apple gets into a little bit of
03:23:22:00	03:23:25:00	history.
03:23:25:00	03:23:25:00	It's just a really wonderful
03:23:25:00	03:23:26:00	little four minute video and I
03:23:26:00	03:23:28:00	encourage you to Take a look at
03:23:28:00	03:23:29:00	that at some point because it's
03:23:29:00	03:23:30:00	it really is a nice little nice
03:23:30:00	03:23:34:00	Video.
03:23:34:00	03:23:34:00	>> All right.
03:23:34:00	03:23:35:00	Now where to go a little
03:23:35:00	03:23:37:00	further back in history now
03:23:37:00	03:23:40:00	Johnny Appleseed was A
03:23:40:00	03:23:44:00	fictitious character, a Disney
03:23:44:00	03:23:48:00	character, a man of myth and a
03:23:48:00	03:23:51:00	legend.
03:23:51:00	03:23:52:00	>> I'm hearing a lot of yeses
03:23:52:00	03:23:55:00	for the third one, OK?
03:23:55:00	03:23:56:00	>> Yeah, but he wasn't Disney
03:23:56:00	03:23:58:00	character to any Wise.
03:23:58:00	03:23:59:00	There's at nineteen 40
03:23:59:00	03:24:02:00	something A little cartoon of
03:24:02:00	03:24:03:00	Johnny Appleseed.
03:24:03:00	03:24:03:00	Yeah.
03:24:03:00	03:24:04:00	So he was actually a real
03:24:04:00	03:24:06:00	person.
03:24:06:00	03:24:07:00	It was kind of surprising to me
03:24:07:00	03:24:08:00	the first time I realized it
03:24:08:00	03:24:09:00	wasn't just some fable Of this
03:24:09:00	03:24:10:00	person who brought apple seeds
03:24:10:00	03:24:13:00	wherever He went.
03:24:13:00	03:24:14:00	>> I wasn't able to confirm
03:24:14:00	03:24:17:00	the image Of Johnny Appleseed
03:24:17:00	03:24:18:00	as having the rights to use it
03:24:18:00	03:24:21:00	but I Will tell you if you can
03:24:21:00	03:24:22:00	imagine if you do an image
03:24:22:00	03:24:24:00	search And you type Johnny
03:24:24:00	03:24:25:00	Appleseed and you see a little
03:24:25:00	03:24:29:00	line drawing A guy with a hat
03:24:29:00	03:24:29:00	with a little thing, a little
03:24:29:00	03:24:31:00	ball cap standing very Lanky
03:24:31:00	03:24:32:00	guy line drawing black and
03:24:32:00	03:24:32:00	white.
03:24:32:00	03:24:35:00	>> That's The tree.
03:24:35:00	03:24:36:00	That's the image I wanted to
03:24:36:00	03:24:36:00	put there.
03:24:36:00	03:24:39:00	>> So just imagine He's very
03:24:39:00	03:24:40:00	happy looking and in being an
03:24:40:00	03:24:43:00	apple Guy and it's a nice
03:24:43:00	03:24:43:00	little picture.
03:24:43:00	03:24:47:00	>> So as we established apple
03:24:47:00	03:24:50:00	seeds don't propagate True to
03:24:50:00	03:24:51:00	their parents right now this
03:24:51:00	03:24:53:00	guy's name is Johnny Appleseed
03:24:53:00	03:24:57:00	not Johnny are his Nickname is
03:24:57:00	03:25:01:00	not Johnny Apple Graft right.
03:25:01:00	03:25:02:00	>> So what's up?
03:25:02:00	03:25:03:00	>> Why why why why do you do
03:25:03:00	03:25:04:00	some grafting?
03:25:04:00	03:25:05:00	You get some really good
03:25:05:00	03:25:05:00	apples, right.
03:25:05:00	03:25:08:00	That cartoon from the late 40s
03:25:08:00	03:25:09:00	that shows Johnny Appleseed
03:25:09:00	03:25:10:00	dancing around in the trees and
03:25:10:00	03:25:12:00	apples Going here and there and
03:25:12:00	03:25:12:00	singing nice little songs.
03:25:12:00	03:25:15:00	There's birds That's false.
03:25:15:00	03:25:19:00	>> He didn't bring these lovely
03:25:19:00	03:25:20:00	Table ready varieties to
03:25:20:00	03:25:20:00	the frontier.
03:25:20:00	03:25:24:00	>> He Brought seeds that were
03:25:24:00	03:25:27:00	germinated And who knows what
03:25:27:00	03:25:27:00	you got.
03:25:27:00	03:25:28:00	Maybe you got some that were
03:25:28:00	03:25:28:00	palatable.
03:25:28:00	03:25:31:00	Maybe It didn't what Johnny
03:25:31:00	03:25:34:00	Appleseed brought to
03:25:34:00	03:25:35:00	the Frontier was.
03:25:35:00	03:25:38:00	>> He Brought the primary
03:25:38:00	03:25:38:00	ingredient to hard cider.
03:25:38:00	03:25:39:00	You got it.
03:25:39:00	03:25:39:00	That's right.
03:25:39:00	03:25:42:00	And with the hard cider now you
03:25:42:00	03:25:44:00	think hard Cider Puritans.
03:25:44:00	03:25:45:00	>> But here's the thing.
03:25:45:00	03:25:49:00	>> Hard Cider would be
03:25:49:00	03:25:52:00	healthier for you And I tell
03:25:52:00	03:25:52:00	myself this all the time.
03:25:52:00	03:25:55:00	>> It's Hard.
03:25:55:00	03:25:56:00	Cider is healthier for you.
03:25:56:00	03:25:57:00	>> Well, this is true then
03:25:57:00	03:25:59:00	creek Water.
03:25:59:00	03:26:00:00	I'm not gonna go drink some
03:26:00:00	03:26:02:00	creek water, you know, across
03:26:02:00	03:26:03:00	the Street from where I live.
03:26:03:00	03:26:06:00	>> So back then you know Our
03:26:06:00	03:26:07:00	ideas of, you know, clean water
03:26:07:00	03:26:09:00	sources and things like that
03:26:09:00	03:26:10:00	Darren as far as developed as
03:26:10:00	03:26:11:00	they work today.
03:26:11:00	03:26:12:00	>> So if you were making a tea
03:26:12:00	03:26:14:00	on the frontier You'd be fine
03:26:14:00	03:26:14:00	cause any microbes would have
03:26:14:00	03:26:16:00	been boiled off and killed but
03:26:16:00	03:26:18:00	If you had a cider that is also
03:26:18:00	03:26:21:00	shelf Stable because
03:26:21:00	03:26:21:00	the alcohol is a preservative
03:26:21:00	03:26:24:00	you can then if you had An
03:26:24:00	03:26:25:00	abundance of apples you could
03:26:25:00	03:26:26:00	use them for mentum.
03:26:26:00	03:26:28:00	>> And now you have A source of
03:26:28:00	03:26:29:00	calories in source of some
03:26:29:00	03:26:32:00	nutrients that can Store for
03:26:32:00	03:26:32:00	greater lengths of time.
03:26:32:00	03:26:36:00	>> Back then Typically people
03:26:36:00	03:26:36:00	can have apple juice who would
03:26:36:00	03:26:39:00	we call apple juice Unless we
03:26:39:00	03:26:40:00	just just right then because
03:26:40:00	03:26:40:00	there was no way of preserving
03:26:40:00	03:26:43:00	that In any real really good
03:26:43:00	03:26:43:00	way.
03:26:43:00	03:26:47:00	Besides why not fermented.
03:26:47:00	03:26:47:00	>> Right.
03:26:47:00	03:26:47:00	So.
03:26:47:00	03:26:51:00	>> So now Talking about Johnny
03:26:51:00	03:26:54:00	Appleseed back in 1792 in Ohio
03:26:54:00	03:26:58:00	there Was this deal that was
03:26:58:00	03:26:59:00	struck up between some
03:26:59:00	03:27:01:00	developers and pioneers If
03:27:01:00	03:27:02:00	anybody was willing to go
03:27:02:00	03:27:06:00	further beyond Where
03:27:06:00	03:27:07:00	the settlements were in Ohio,
03:27:07:00	03:27:09:00	they would be granted A hundred
03:27:09:00	03:27:10:00	acres of land to homestead with
03:27:10:00	03:27:13:00	a few catches In one of them
03:27:13:00	03:27:16:00	was that they needed To
03:27:16:00	03:27:20:00	basically demonstrate That they
03:27:20:00	03:27:21:00	were going to homestead it.
03:27:21:00	03:27:22:00	>> It wasn't just a land grab
03:27:22:00	03:27:23:00	and would come back at some of
03:27:23:00	03:27:24:00	later Time or try selling it.
03:27:24:00	03:27:27:00	They were required To plant 50
03:27:27:00	03:27:31:00	apple trees and 20 Peach to
03:27:31:00	03:27:32:00	double check here 20 peach
03:27:32:00	03:27:35:00	trees.
03:27:35:00	03:27:36:00	>> That was a symbol that they
03:27:36:00	03:27:38:00	were planning to stay.
03:27:38:00	03:27:39:00	When I moved to my house in
03:27:39:00	03:27:42:00	Princeton, Wisconsin, types are
03:27:42:00	03:27:43:00	Planting apple trees with
03:27:43:00	03:27:43:00	the idea like this is a symbol.
03:27:43:00	03:27:44:00	I'm going to be here for a
03:27:44:00	03:27:44:00	while.
03:27:44:00	03:27:45:00	I want to see these Apples
03:27:45:00	03:27:46:00	fruit.
03:27:46:00	03:27:46:00	So I kind of get that.
03:27:46:00	03:27:50:00	So What Johnny Appleseed did
03:27:50:00	03:27:50:00	you in his actual name is
03:27:50:00	03:27:51:00	Johnny Chow.
03:27:51:00	03:27:53:00	Our John Chapman With Johnny
03:27:53:00	03:27:54:00	Appleseed produce he would
03:27:54:00	03:27:57:00	anticipate Where the next wave
03:27:57:00	03:28:00:00	of settlement would happen.
03:28:00:00	03:28:01:00	>> He would start propagating
03:28:01:00	03:28:05:00	by seed And you'd have these
03:28:05:00	03:28:05:00	apple trees ready for when
03:28:05:00	03:28:08:00	the pioneers came And that was
03:28:08:00	03:28:08:00	a business form that was his
03:28:08:00	03:28:11:00	kind of business model.
03:28:11:00	03:28:12:00	The other piece, you know, I
03:28:12:00	03:28:13:00	still haven't answered is well
03:28:13:00	03:28:14:00	what why was he propagating by
03:28:14:00	03:28:15:00	Seed and not grafting, right?
03:28:15:00	03:28:16:00	>> Well he was he his.
03:28:16:00	03:28:19:00	He Was a part of a religion
03:28:19:00	03:28:20:00	called the Sweden Borg and
03:28:20:00	03:28:22:00	Church and They had a really
03:28:22:00	03:28:22:00	strong connection with nature.
03:28:22:00	03:28:23:00	>> That's part of their belief
03:28:23:00	03:28:25:00	system.
03:28:25:00	03:28:26:00	And he felt that by grafting a
03:28:26:00	03:28:27:00	tree you are actually causing
03:28:27:00	03:28:30:00	damage To the tree and harming
03:28:30:00	03:28:30:00	the tree.
03:28:30:00	03:28:33:00	So he forbid the use Of
03:28:33:00	03:28:33:00	grafting.
03:28:33:00	03:28:34:00	So that was really his his
03:28:34:00	03:28:37:00	approach was With the with
03:28:37:00	03:28:37:00	that.
03:28:37:00	03:28:39:00	So that's why he propagated See
03:28:39:00	03:28:44:00	primarily Putting on my
03:28:44:00	03:28:44:00	horticulturalist hat again.
03:28:44:00	03:28:46:00	>> There might be a few Folks
03:28:46:00	03:28:47:00	who do home an apple orchard
03:28:47:00	03:28:48:00	thing or perhaps a few folks
03:28:48:00	03:28:51:00	that might think About doing
03:28:51:00	03:28:51:00	happy home apple auctioning is
03:28:51:00	03:28:55:00	a great resource We have with
03:28:55:00	03:28:55:00	the UW Madison extension if you
03:28:55:00	03:28:58:00	just simply Google UW extension
03:28:58:00	03:28:59:00	growing apples in Wisconsin
03:28:59:00	03:29:02:00	you'll find 20 ish or so page
03:29:02:00	03:29:06:00	PDA Super helpful gets it
03:29:06:00	03:29:09:00	really will get you started To
03:29:09:00	03:29:10:00	come talk to me at the booth
03:29:10:00	03:29:10:00	after I can tell you some
03:29:10:00	03:29:13:00	tricks on low To no spray which
03:29:13:00	03:29:14:00	uses bags and some tricks that
03:29:14:00	03:29:17:00	I've Figured out and I've got
03:29:17:00	03:29:18:00	it figured out somebody else
03:29:18:00	03:29:18:00	figured them out.
03:29:18:00	03:29:20:00	>> I tried them it Worked so we
03:29:20:00	03:29:21:00	can talk a little bit about
03:29:21:00	03:29:24:00	that as well.
03:29:24:00	03:29:24:00	All right.
03:29:24:00	03:29:27:00	I think I have time for Our
03:29:27:00	03:29:31:00	last Tree.
03:29:31:00	03:29:32:00	>> So this one is the first
03:29:32:00	03:29:38:00	evergreen So you know how I
03:29:38:00	03:29:38:00	mentioned alternate branching,
03:29:38:00	03:29:38:00	right?
03:29:38:00	03:29:39:00	>> And I also mentioned
03:29:39:00	03:29:42:00	alternate To assert opposite
03:29:42:00	03:29:42:00	alternate.
03:29:42:00	03:29:45:00	There is also Another one I
03:29:45:00	03:29:46:00	haven't talked about yet and
03:29:46:00	03:29:46:00	that's world.
03:29:46:00	03:29:47:00	>> So whereas the opposite
03:29:47:00	03:29:49:00	branching Has two branches
03:29:49:00	03:29:50:00	coming from the same spot on
03:29:50:00	03:29:51:00	that means STEM alternate
03:29:51:00	03:29:52:00	Alternate is only one branch
03:29:52:00	03:29:53:00	world has more than two.
03:29:53:00	03:29:58:00	So might be something like that
03:29:58:00	03:29:59:00	.
03:29:59:00	03:29:59:00	>> You guys are good.
03:29:59:00	03:30:00:00	You guys are good.
03:30:00:00	03:30:03:00	I'm hearing pine Being white
03:30:03:00	03:30:03:00	pine hemlock.
03:30:03:00	03:30:04:00	I love hemlock.
03:30:04:00	03:30:06:00	We Can talk about that later.
03:30:06:00	03:30:07:00	I did a bit of research on him
03:30:07:00	03:30:08:00	like a few years ago.
03:30:08:00	03:30:11:00	The Pine Pine is an important
03:30:11:00	03:30:13:00	contributor To the Wisconsin
03:30:13:00	03:30:13:00	economy currently.
03:30:13:00	03:30:17:00	>> So whether it's The five
03:30:17:00	03:30:18:00	needle pine white pine nice
03:30:18:00	03:30:18:00	easy way to remember White Pine
03:30:18:00	03:30:24:00	is Five letters by w h i t
03:30:24:00	03:30:28:00	The rare pine to Read.
03:30:28:00	03:30:29:00	>> It's only 10 years as a bad
03:30:29:00	03:30:29:00	joke.
03:30:29:00	03:30:32:00	Sorry Red pine are only two
03:30:32:00	03:30:35:00	needles needle pines And these
03:30:35:00	03:30:36:00	planes are really important.
03:30:36:00	03:30:39:00	>> They do well on sand flats.
03:30:39:00	03:30:40:00	There is a history that I don't
03:30:40:00	03:30:41:00	think I can jump into right now
03:30:41:00	03:30:43:00	with the Conservation course
03:30:43:00	03:30:44:00	throughout the state where they
03:30:44:00	03:30:44:00	were recent you know during
03:30:44:00	03:30:45:00	the Depression era.
03:30:45:00	03:30:47:00	They were reforest and sand
03:30:47:00	03:30:48:00	sandy plains to many parts of
03:30:48:00	03:30:50:00	the state many Parts of
03:30:50:00	03:30:51:00	the U.S. quite frankly.
03:30:51:00	03:30:54:00	>> The pines tend to Really
03:30:54:00	03:30:55:00	well and sandy soils where a
03:30:55:00	03:30:55:00	lot of other things don't
03:30:55:00	03:30:58:00	really grow that well Whereas
03:30:58:00	03:30:59:00	you can develop a really nice
03:30:59:00	03:30:59:00	pine plantation.
03:30:59:00	03:31:02:00	This is An image from up in
03:31:02:00	03:31:02:00	northern part of Wisconsin.
03:31:02:00	03:31:05:00	This is A 35 year old
03:31:05:00	03:31:06:00	plantation and it's some.
03:31:06:00	03:31:06:00	Yeah.
03:31:06:00	03:31:08:00	There's It's really quite
03:31:08:00	03:31:09:00	beautiful just walking if you
03:31:09:00	03:31:12:00	ever had the opportunity Just
03:31:12:00	03:31:13:00	to walk into one of these
03:31:13:00	03:31:14:00	middle aged or older growth
03:31:14:00	03:31:16:00	pine Plantations once you get
03:31:16:00	03:31:19:00	past like the straight rows
03:31:19:00	03:31:20:00	That part kind of feels a
03:31:20:00	03:31:20:00	little weird.
03:31:20:00	03:31:21:00	>> But if you walk on a bit of
03:31:21:00	03:31:24:00	an angle That those lines tend
03:31:24:00	03:31:24:00	to kind of go away a little
03:31:24:00	03:31:25:00	bit.
03:31:25:00	03:31:27:00	>> So I'm gonna ask you a
03:31:27:00	03:31:28:00	little bit about how Pines and
03:31:28:00	03:31:30:00	Forestry Contribute to
03:31:30:00	03:31:34:00	the Wisconsin economy.
03:31:34:00	03:31:35:00	>> So the first question I
03:31:35:00	03:31:36:00	heard logging industry you got
03:31:36:00	03:31:37:00	it.
03:31:37:00	03:31:38:00	>> The first question is can we
03:31:38:00	03:31:42:00	have 72 counties In the state?
03:31:42:00	03:31:43:00	How many do you think have
03:31:43:00	03:31:46:00	forestry As their primary
03:31:46:00	03:31:46:00	industry?
03:31:46:00	03:31:49:00	>> Realizing that we Do
03:31:49:00	03:31:50:00	actually have a lot of ag land.
03:31:50:00	03:31:51:00	We have a lot of urban areas in
03:31:51:00	03:31:55:00	some parts And he guesses
03:31:55:00	03:31:56:00	Quarter 30 it's actually less
03:31:56:00	03:31:58:00	than that 15.
03:31:58:00	03:31:59:00	>> It's actually 10 counties.
03:31:59:00	03:32:01:00	Yeah, but there's a lot Of
03:32:01:00	03:32:05:00	trees in those 10 counties.
03:32:05:00	03:32:06:00	Another question how does
03:32:06:00	03:32:08:00	Wisconsin as a state rank In
03:32:08:00	03:32:12:00	paper producing in the US
03:32:12:00	03:32:12:00	First?
03:32:12:00	03:32:13:00	>> That was a shocker to me.
03:32:13:00	03:32:15:00	>> I always thought we'd be
03:32:15:00	03:32:16:00	somewhere out West.
03:32:16:00	03:32:17:00	So Wisconsin is the top paper
03:32:17:00	03:32:20:00	producer In of all the States
03:32:20:00	03:32:23:00	which yeah that's That really
03:32:23:00	03:32:23:00	surprised me.
03:32:23:00	03:32:26:00	>> For every job Forestry
03:32:26:00	03:32:27:00	produces how many additional
03:32:27:00	03:32:27:00	jobs?
03:32:27:00	03:32:31:00	>> So Let's say you have like
03:32:31:00	03:32:32:00	your this fellow bunch your
03:32:32:00	03:32:35:00	operator and And like if bypass
03:32:35:00	03:32:36:00	you have to buy fuel.
03:32:36:00	03:32:38:00	How many spinoff jobs so For
03:32:38:00	03:32:38:00	every forestry job.
03:32:38:00	03:32:39:00	How many spinoff jobs?
03:32:39:00	03:32:42:00	I'll give you One point five
03:32:42:00	03:32:43:00	one point seven or one point
03:32:43:00	03:32:45:00	nine One point seven.
03:32:45:00	03:32:49:00	>> It's It's it's still quite a
03:32:49:00	03:32:49:00	bit.
03:32:49:00	03:32:50:00	It makes an important impact on
03:32:50:00	03:32:51:00	the economy.
03:32:51:00	03:32:53:00	The last one in dollars.
03:32:53:00	03:32:56:00	How much Does Wisconsin export
03:32:56:00	03:32:57:00	in force products
03:32:57:00	03:33:00:00	internationally?
03:33:00:00	03:33:01:00	>> I'll give you a hint.
03:33:01:00	03:33:01:00	It's in the billions.
03:33:01:00	03:33:03:00	It's in the low billions.
03:33:03:00	03:33:04:00	It's a lot isn't it's two point
03:33:04:00	03:33:07:00	two billion and these Numbers
03:33:07:00	03:33:08:00	from the DNR I grab there a
03:33:08:00	03:33:08:00	couple of years old so it may
03:33:08:00	03:33:09:00	have changed a little bit.
03:33:09:00	03:33:11:00	This is 2000 Six numbers but it
03:33:11:00	03:33:13:00	really is important for
03:33:13:00	03:33:15:00	Contribution to our state as a
03:33:15:00	03:33:15:00	whole.
03:33:15:00	03:33:18:00	We often talk about as being
03:33:18:00	03:33:18:00	dairy and cheese state.
03:33:18:00	03:33:19:00	>> Right.
03:33:19:00	03:33:22:00	I think we Call the dairy and
03:33:22:00	03:33:23:00	trees state because there
03:33:23:00	03:33:25:00	really is a pretty Significant
03:33:25:00	03:33:25:00	contribution that trees provide
03:33:25:00	03:33:29:00	to our state.
03:33:29:00	03:33:30:00	>> I'm going to fly through a
03:33:30:00	03:33:31:00	few slides and and first I
03:33:31:00	03:33:34:00	can't Jump into too much but I
03:33:34:00	03:33:34:00	really want to show these and I
03:33:34:00	03:33:35:00	think I got a little bit of
03:33:35:00	03:33:36:00	time to do this So few years
03:33:36:00	03:33:40:00	ago I got a chance to visit A
03:33:40:00	03:33:41:00	Harvard forest and there was
03:33:41:00	03:33:44:00	some folks from the British
03:33:44:00	03:33:44:00	Forestry Association.
03:33:44:00	03:33:45:00	>> That's a terrible British
03:33:45:00	03:33:49:00	accent Stars there and is kind
03:33:49:00	03:33:51:00	of hanging around and I knew
03:33:51:00	03:33:52:00	they were going on a tour and I
03:33:52:00	03:33:53:00	said something really nice
03:33:53:00	03:33:55:00	about the queen And I told them
03:33:55:00	03:33:56:00	that I was originally from
03:33:56:00	03:33:59:00	Canada and so they Let me join
03:33:59:00	03:34:00:00	their tour and it was great.
03:34:00:00	03:34:03:00	>> So I got a chance to meet
03:34:03:00	03:34:04:00	them here a little bit about 40
03:34:04:00	03:34:07:00	practices In England but one of
03:34:07:00	03:34:10:00	probably the gems of
03:34:10:00	03:34:11:00	The Harvard Forest is they have
03:34:11:00	03:34:11:00	a little museum.
03:34:11:00	03:34:13:00	>> It's not very big And they
03:34:13:00	03:34:14:00	have these beautiful dioramas.
03:34:14:00	03:34:17:00	So this is not a painting.
03:34:17:00	03:34:18:00	This is a three dimensional
03:34:18:00	03:34:21:00	display.
03:34:21:00	03:34:22:00	So this picture depicts and
03:34:22:00	03:34:25:00	reason I'm Talking about this
03:34:25:00	03:34:25:00	is this.
03:34:25:00	03:34:26:00	Also why don't these next few
03:34:26:00	03:34:29:00	slides talks How for succession
03:34:29:00	03:34:29:00	happens here in Wisconsin in
03:34:29:00	03:34:33:00	the Midwest When you have pine
03:34:33:00	03:34:33:00	and mixed woods and that sort
03:34:33:00	03:34:34:00	of thing.
03:34:34:00	03:34:36:00	>> So this Virtually you no not
03:34:36:00	03:34:39:00	much touched forest Pre
03:34:39:00	03:34:40:00	settlement forest and then
03:34:40:00	03:34:44:00	the settlers Start to come and
03:34:44:00	03:34:44:00	buy 1740.
03:34:44:00	03:34:46:00	There's a lot of land Clearing
03:34:46:00	03:34:47:00	that happens.
03:34:47:00	03:34:50:00	People start attempting In some
03:34:50:00	03:34:51:00	cases successfully, some pieces
03:34:51:00	03:34:54:00	not very successfully To grow
03:34:54:00	03:34:55:00	food and grow crops in New
03:34:55:00	03:34:55:00	England.
03:34:55:00	03:34:58:00	The problem with New England is
03:34:58:00	03:34:59:00	the soils aren't great and that
03:34:59:00	03:35:02:00	rock wall kind of Has to find
03:35:02:00	03:35:03:00	it is tons of rocks is very
03:35:03:00	03:35:06:00	rocky So in many parts of New
03:35:06:00	03:35:07:00	England and it's actually
03:35:07:00	03:35:08:00	interesting because even today
03:35:08:00	03:35:09:00	There's parts you can go to New
03:35:09:00	03:35:10:00	England and you're walking
03:35:10:00	03:35:11:00	through which feels like a
03:35:11:00	03:35:13:00	forest That's a memorial a
03:35:13:00	03:35:14:00	memorial like it's been there
03:35:14:00	03:35:16:00	for years And you'll come
03:35:16:00	03:35:17:00	across a rock a stone rock wall
03:35:17:00	03:35:18:00	in the middle of this forest
03:35:18:00	03:35:20:00	and it's feels Like am I in
03:35:20:00	03:35:20:00	Narnia?
03:35:20:00	03:35:21:00	>> Where's the lamp post?
03:35:21:00	03:35:22:00	It feels really weird when that
03:35:22:00	03:35:23:00	happens.
03:35:23:00	03:35:25:00	So they continue on by the by
03:35:25:00	03:35:28:00	in 1830 In many parts of New
03:35:28:00	03:35:28:00	England.
03:35:28:00	03:35:30:00	>> It's peak ag production
03:35:30:00	03:35:31:00	Where they're trying really
03:35:31:00	03:35:32:00	hard at this point.
03:35:32:00	03:35:35:00	>> Also is when the West Starts
03:35:35:00	03:35:35:00	opening up and there's rumors
03:35:35:00	03:35:39:00	and stories of better Land out
03:35:39:00	03:35:42:00	West said by 1850 You see a New
03:35:42:00	03:35:43:00	England farm abandonment.
03:35:43:00	03:35:46:00	>> So these farmers Now are now
03:35:46:00	03:35:50:00	moving to places such as Ohio,
03:35:50:00	03:35:50:00	Wisconsin, Michigan new
03:35:50:00	03:35:53:00	defining places Now settle and
03:35:53:00	03:35:54:00	try to get better ag land.
03:35:54:00	03:35:58:00	>> At that same time as they
03:35:58:00	03:36:00:00	abandon the fields The soil is
03:36:00:00	03:36:01:00	left bare with mineral soil
03:36:01:00	03:36:04:00	which Creates an excellent
03:36:04:00	03:36:08:00	seedbed for white pine.
03:36:08:00	03:36:11:00	>> So by 1910 the white pine
03:36:11:00	03:36:12:00	Start to get to the point where
03:36:12:00	03:36:13:00	they can now be harvested and
03:36:13:00	03:36:15:00	back And one of the primary
03:36:15:00	03:36:19:00	products that were that white
03:36:19:00	03:36:20:00	Pine were made of white pine of
03:36:20:00	03:36:20:00	this size.
03:36:20:00	03:36:21:00	These are being Avey 56 year
03:36:21:00	03:36:23:00	old White Pines Not huge yet as
03:36:23:00	03:36:26:00	they be used as a box boards.
03:36:26:00	03:36:27:00	>> So I like basically, you
03:36:27:00	03:36:28:00	know, decent for car gated
03:36:28:00	03:36:30:00	cardboard That uses box sports
03:36:30:00	03:36:31:00	and I'd like to think that
03:36:31:00	03:36:33:00	maybe there is a farmer Who was
03:36:33:00	03:36:34:00	new was there?
03:36:34:00	03:36:35:00	>> He moved up to the Midwest.
03:36:35:00	03:36:37:00	They ordered something From out
03:36:37:00	03:36:38:00	east and then the trees from
03:36:38:00	03:36:41:00	their land made it out to them
03:36:41:00	03:36:41:00	.
03:36:41:00	03:36:42:00	I have no way of proving that
03:36:42:00	03:36:43:00	but I like that that romantic
03:36:43:00	03:36:44:00	notion that Maybe some of
03:36:44:00	03:36:45:00	the tree from that farmer's
03:36:45:00	03:36:46:00	land made it to their house
03:36:46:00	03:36:48:00	when they Ordering stuff and
03:36:48:00	03:36:51:00	then what happens After that
03:36:51:00	03:36:52:00	white pine logging.
03:36:52:00	03:36:55:00	>> Now you have some hardwood
03:36:55:00	03:36:56:00	Trees that came in coming from
03:36:56:00	03:36:56:00	sucker growth.
03:36:56:00	03:36:59:00	There'd be other species That
03:36:59:00	03:37:00:00	would seed in and because you
03:37:00:00	03:37:01:00	didn't have that nice mineral
03:37:01:00	03:37:03:00	bed that the white pine Did
03:37:03:00	03:37:04:00	well in the deciduous trees
03:37:04:00	03:37:06:00	really started to Invade
03:37:06:00	03:37:07:00	the area.
03:37:07:00	03:37:11:00	And then by 1930 you Have this
03:37:11:00	03:37:12:00	primarily deciduous forest and
03:37:12:00	03:37:14:00	now you Think of many parts of
03:37:14:00	03:37:15:00	the north what are the other
03:37:15:00	03:37:17:00	northeast as Deciduous forests
03:37:17:00	03:37:18:00	with pine as well.
03:37:18:00	03:37:21:00	>> And that has part That is
03:37:21:00	03:37:22:00	part of the story of of
03:37:22:00	03:37:25:00	the succession In the Northeast
03:37:25:00	03:37:25:00	.
03:37:25:00	03:37:26:00	>> And the real connection here
03:37:26:00	03:37:28:00	that I'm talking about Is these
03:37:28:00	03:37:32:00	processes those are the same
03:37:32:00	03:37:33:00	Those ecological processes how
03:37:33:00	03:37:33:00	force succession occurs.
03:37:33:00	03:37:36:00	>> So when we do forest land
03:37:36:00	03:37:40:00	and it's a clear Cut area on us
03:37:40:00	03:37:41:00	on a sandy soil natural
03:37:41:00	03:37:44:00	succession Will often if there
03:37:44:00	03:37:45:00	is a seed source nearby will
03:37:45:00	03:37:47:00	see that often Seed back with
03:37:47:00	03:37:47:00	pine.
03:37:47:00	03:37:48:00	>> Sometimes you gotta do some
03:37:48:00	03:37:48:00	planting as well.
03:37:48:00	03:37:51:00	So I just believe this year if
03:37:51:00	03:37:54:00	you just Googled Harvard Forest
03:37:54:00	03:37:54:00	dioramas you're gonna get that
03:37:54:00	03:37:58:00	there's the QR Code.
03:37:58:00	03:37:59:00	>> Also they have a nice little
03:37:59:00	03:37:59:00	book as well.
03:37:59:00	03:38:00:00	>> It's like a coffee table
03:38:00:00	03:38:02:00	book Which it's a wonderful
03:38:02:00	03:38:03:00	little book just to read
03:38:03:00	03:38:05:00	the stories and see The actual
03:38:05:00	03:38:05:00	photographs in of the dioramas.
03:38:05:00	03:38:09:00	>> So I'm going to close
03:38:09:00	03:38:10:00	because I don't want to get
03:38:10:00	03:38:12:00	those folks At PBS mad at me.
03:38:12:00	03:38:16:00	>> I have five 10 more minutes.
03:38:16:00	03:38:19:00	Oh, my watch is running Fast.
03:38:19:00	03:38:21:00	Okay, well then you got me for
03:38:21:00	03:38:21:00	another 10 minutes, folks.
03:38:21:00	03:38:25:00	Seven more minutes.
03:38:25:00	03:38:25:00	>> OK.
03:38:25:00	03:38:26:00	All right.
03:38:26:00	03:38:29:00	Well so We'll just summarize
03:38:29:00	03:38:30:00	here with a few things.
03:38:30:00	03:38:32:00	So in Summation, ash trees hit
03:38:32:00	03:38:36:00	our Historically important and
03:38:36:00	03:38:37:00	are at risk throughout
03:38:37:00	03:38:40:00	Wisconsin And this is really a
03:38:40:00	03:38:41:00	chance it really is an
03:38:41:00	03:38:43:00	important part of our History
03:38:43:00	03:38:43:00	in the Midwest.
03:38:43:00	03:38:44:00	Ash trees they're becoming less
03:38:44:00	03:38:47:00	important for obvious Reasons.
03:38:47:00	03:38:48:00	I would say if you ever see an
03:38:48:00	03:38:50:00	ash tray in a nursery Question
03:38:50:00	03:38:54:00	that nursery person's Knowledge
03:38:54:00	03:38:54:00	.
03:38:54:00	03:38:55:00	Sugar maples claim to fame in
03:38:55:00	03:38:58:00	Wisconsin is greater Than just
03:38:58:00	03:38:58:00	sirup.
03:38:58:00	03:38:59:00	>> We have products wood
03:38:59:00	03:39:01:00	products as well as Maple sirup
03:39:01:00	03:39:02:00	Or sorry maple serve as well as
03:39:02:00	03:39:05:00	the fall color in tourism.
03:39:05:00	03:39:05:00	White birch has an important
03:39:05:00	03:39:08:00	role for nearly Two centuries
03:39:08:00	03:39:09:00	in many parts of North America
03:39:09:00	03:39:12:00	and the Midwest Relating to
03:39:12:00	03:39:15:00	the benchmark canoe Johnny
03:39:15:00	03:39:19:00	Appleseed brought  To
03:39:19:00	03:39:23:00	the Midwest and some Wisconsin
03:39:23:00	03:39:23:00	Folks think that's a pretty
03:39:23:00	03:39:24:00	cool idea and it's I think it's
03:39:24:00	03:39:25:00	really cool too because there's
03:39:25:00	03:39:27:00	a lot Of work being done in
03:39:27:00	03:39:27:00	hard cider is now with new hard
03:39:27:00	03:39:30:00	cider varieties and Colleagues
03:39:30:00	03:39:30:00	throughout the Midwest are
03:39:30:00	03:39:31:00	doing some real important work
03:39:31:00	03:39:31:00	in that.
03:39:31:00	03:39:34:00	>> So And then finally pine
03:39:34:00	03:39:37:00	forests over time are Dynamic
03:39:37:00	03:39:41:00	and very interesting and
03:39:41:00	03:39:41:00	Wisconsin is an important
03:39:41:00	03:39:44:00	player as It relates to forest
03:39:44:00	03:39:45:00	products and certainly paper
03:39:45:00	03:39:48:00	being number one.
03:39:48:00	03:39:49:00	>> There's a couple of slides
03:39:49:00	03:39:52:00	so I'm part The UW extension
03:39:52:00	03:39:55:00	and we have offices in All 72
03:39:55:00	03:39:55:00	counties.
03:39:55:00	03:39:56:00	So if you're not from Dane
03:39:56:00	03:39:59:00	County maybe You're in a
03:39:59:00	03:40:00:00	different county.
03:40:00:00	03:40:01:00	Maybe you drove to get here or
03:40:01:00	03:40:01:00	maybe you're staying overnight
03:40:01:00	03:40:02:00	for the weekend.
03:40:02:00	03:40:03:00	I'd encourage you to check out
03:40:03:00	03:40:04:00	the go dot whisk that to you
03:40:04:00	03:40:07:00	slash That code there 5 5 1 TDY
03:40:07:00	03:40:10:00	that'll get you to our staff
03:40:10:00	03:40:11:00	Directory from there you can
03:40:11:00	03:40:12:00	filter out by your county and
03:40:12:00	03:40:14:00	you'll Get the staff director
03:40:14:00	03:40:15:00	of your county even if you
03:40:15:00	03:40:18:00	don't Find somebody who has a
03:40:18:00	03:40:21:00	question on that directory that
03:40:21:00	03:40:22:00	They say they have
03:40:22:00	03:40:22:00	the expertise that can answer
03:40:22:00	03:40:22:00	your question.
03:40:22:00	03:40:25:00	>> Call the office anyway
03:40:25:00	03:40:25:00	because they're often
03:40:25:00	03:40:28:00	the conduit to get to The folks
03:40:28:00	03:40:29:00	you need.
03:40:29:00	03:40:30:00	They may know of a colleague.
03:40:30:00	03:40:30:00	Three counties over that can
03:40:30:00	03:40:31:00	answer your tree Question or
03:40:31:00	03:40:32:00	answer your vegetable growing
03:40:32:00	03:40:33:00	question or whatever it may be.
03:40:33:00	03:40:36:00	>> So That's first good place
03:40:36:00	03:40:36:00	to stop.
03:40:36:00	03:40:38:00	>> On the other side We've
03:40:38:00	03:40:39:00	built a an events calendar and
03:40:39:00	03:40:43:00	it's some it's Took a while but
03:40:43:00	03:40:43:00	it's pretty good.
03:40:43:00	03:40:45:00	>> So if you go to that go out
03:40:45:00	03:40:49:00	west To use flash F G I B Z S.
03:40:49:00	03:40:51:00	>> From there you will find all
03:40:51:00	03:40:54:00	the extension events That are
03:40:54:00	03:40:54:00	happening related to
03:40:54:00	03:40:54:00	horticulture throughout
03:40:54:00	03:40:55:00	the state.
03:40:55:00	03:40:58:00	>> So the two good places
03:40:58:00	03:40:59:00	especially now we have a lot of
03:40:59:00	03:41:00:00	master gardeners that work
03:41:00:00	03:41:01:00	Throughout the state and they
03:41:01:00	03:41:01:00	have various programs spring
03:41:01:00	03:41:02:00	into gardening and all these
03:41:02:00	03:41:05:00	kinds Things at the local
03:41:05:00	03:41:05:00	levels.
03:41:05:00	03:41:06:00	>> They should be appearing in
03:41:06:00	03:41:09:00	that calendar So you can check
03:41:09:00	03:41:10:00	and see if there's one of these
03:41:10:00	03:41:11:00	day programs at the local level
03:41:11:00	03:41:12:00	You may want to check out also
03:41:12:00	03:41:15:00	for folks that are here In
03:41:15:00	03:41:16:00	the room today.
03:41:16:00	03:41:17:00	>> There is a little feedback
03:41:17:00	03:41:17:00	form.
03:41:17:00	03:41:18:00	I'd love it if you gave me
03:41:18:00	03:41:20:00	feedback Good and bad.
03:41:20:00	03:41:21:00	I like to hear critical
03:41:21:00	03:41:21:00	feedback that makes me better.
03:41:21:00	03:41:23:00	If you're Joining via video or
03:41:23:00	03:41:24:00	on the broadcast.
03:41:24:00	03:41:27:00	Use QR codes.
03:41:27:00	03:41:28:00	>> I'd love to a little bit of
03:41:28:00	03:41:28:00	feedback through through that
03:41:28:00	03:41:29:00	way as well.
03:41:29:00	03:41:30:00	>> Also if you're on social
03:41:30:00	03:41:34:00	media I am at AJ Plants Plants
03:41:34:00	03:41:34:00	on Twitter again on Instagram.
03:41:34:00	03:41:37:00	>> It's Jay plants plants again
03:41:37:00	03:41:38:00	And that is all for me.
03:41:38:00	03:41:41:00	I will be around here also I
03:41:41:00	03:41:42:00	will be at the UW extension
03:41:42:00	03:41:45:00	booth in the trade hall And
03:41:45:00	03:41:46:00	c'mon and we can chat a bit
03:41:46:00	03:41:46:00	more about trees or whatever
03:41:46:00	03:41:49:00	you want to chat About and have
03:41:49:00	03:41:50:00	a great rest of garden expo.
03:41:50:00	03:41:53:00	Thank you.
03:41:53:00	03:42:18:00	>> An I haven't but I I'm not
03:42:18:00	03:42:19:00	I'm not based in Madison but I
03:42:19:00	03:42:22:00	but I Maybe Madison and I make
03:42:22:00	03:42:23:00	it from Madison quite a bit.
03:42:23:00	03:42:35:00	Hey, you're going Yeah.
03:42:35:00	03:42:36:00	Yeah definitely.
03:42:36:00	03:42:40:00	No I can because What I do when
03:42:40:00	03:42:40:00	one night when I'm working on
03:42:40:00	03:42:41:00	my site when I come to campus I
03:42:41:00	03:42:44:00	try To bundle my days with as
03:42:44:00	03:42:44:00	many meetings as possible.
03:42:44:00	03:42:50:00	So Yeah.
03:42:50:00	03:42:50:00	Yeah.
03:42:50:00	03:42:51:00	So.
03:42:51:00	03:42:52:00	So what I could do is I'd be
03:42:52:00	03:42:53:00	happy to, you know, schedule
03:42:53:00	03:42:53:00	presentation.
03:42:53:00	03:42:54:00	I can book up some other
03:42:54:00	03:42:54:00	meetings during the day.
03:42:54:00	03:43:03:00	Oh I would be happy You know
03:43:03:00	03:43:04:00	you talking about.
03:43:04:00	03:43:05:00	No I even just gave you do This
03:43:05:00	03:43:13:00	gave me American cannot I am
03:43:13:00	03:43:13:00	Free.
03:43:13:00	03:43:19:00	Oh my God Ok.
03:43:19:00	03:43:19:00	Yeah.
03:43:19:00	03:43:33:00	That's another I don't know
03:43:33:00	03:43:34:00	It's my daughter.
03:43:34:00	03:43:35:00	She's making funny faces at me.
03:43:35:00	03:43:37:00	Yeah I got you got away.
03:43:37:00	03:43:41:00	I don't know the trade show
03:43:41:00	03:43:45:00	there is Department of Botany
03:43:45:00	03:43:45:00	Herbarium.
03:43:45:00	03:43:45:00	Yeah.
03:43:45:00	03:43:48:00	You have to look on on the map
03:43:48:00	03:43:49:00	and I suspect they would have a
03:43:49:00	03:43:52:00	pretty good As in the native
03:43:52:00	03:43:52:00	populations.
03:43:52:00	03:43:52:00	Yeah.
03:43:52:00	03:43:57:00	It's What it is.
03:43:57:00	03:44:01:00	It's You.
03:44:01:00	03:44:02:00	You have your program I think
03:44:02:00	03:44:02:00	you could find it.
03:44:02:00	03:44:08:00	You know what?
03:44:08:00	03:44:11:00	If you want to meet me at
03:44:11:00	03:44:12:00	the Extension booth a big red
03:44:12:00	03:44:16:00	extension booth If you catch me
03:44:16:00	03:44:16:00	there.
03:44:16:00	03:44:17:00	We always get.
03:44:17:00	03:44:17:00	Yeah, I think you're right.
03:44:17:00	03:44:26:00	This is just Over To me.
03:44:26:00	03:44:33:00	Oh yeah yeah yeah.
03:44:33:00	03:44:34:00	Let's see if we can find
03:44:34:00	03:44:37:00	the right here.
03:44:37:00	03:44:38:00	So give me my dance right here.
03:44:38:00	03:44:41:00	Well you United about that
03:44:41:00	03:44:41:00	right now.
03:44:41:00	03:44:44:00	Yeah.
03:44:44:00	03:44:47:00	That was based Right here
03:44:47:00	03:44:47:00	right.
03:44:47:00	03:45:01:00	Variant.
03:45:01:00	03:45:01:00	Oh yeah.
03:45:01:00	03:45:06:00	What I would say about
03:45:06:00	03:45:06:00	the apartment developments in
03:45:06:00	03:45:06:00	the right direction.
03:45:06:00	03:45:08:00	Thank you.
03:45:08:00	03:45:09:00	My apologies.
03:45:09:00	03:45:12:00	One more time.
03:45:12:00	03:45:16:00	Oh You were supposed to be like
03:45:16:00	03:45:19:00	oh I think That's my 15 minute
03:45:19:00	03:45:19:00	warning.
03:45:19:00	03:45:20:00	Okay.
03:45:20:00	03:45:23:00	A lot of You guys didn't grab
03:45:23:00	03:45:24:00	the shepherd's crux of it
03:45:24:00	03:45:25:00	during the presentation.
03:45:25:00	03:45:26:00	Everybody, thank you.
03:45:26:00	03:45:29:00	Yes.
03:45:29:00	03:45:33:00	Station.
03:45:33:00	03:45:35:00	OK, OK.
03:45:35:00	03:45:39:00	Oh gosh.
03:45:39:00	03:45:41:00	Oh, Wow.
03:45:41:00	03:45:44:00	Yeah.
03:45:44:00	03:45:48:00	Yeah.
03:45:48:00	03:45:59:00	Right.
03:45:59:00	03:46:00:00	Right.
03:46:00:00	03:46:00:00	Right.
03:46:00:00	03:46:01:00	You know that for me and
03:46:01:00	03:46:02:00	started right.
03:46:02:00	03:46:07:00	We're on beer.
03:46:07:00	03:46:07:00	Oh sure.
03:46:07:00	03:46:07:00	Yep.
03:46:07:00	03:46:08:00	Yep.
03:46:08:00	03:46:11:00	Yeah.
03:46:11:00	03:46:19:00	Oh my God.
03:46:19:00	03:46:23:00	What were they getting
03:46:23:00	03:46:26:00	the right local or Bringing.
03:46:26:00	03:46:27:00	OK I get it.
03:46:27:00	03:46:30:00	I got Yeah.
03:46:30:00	03:46:30:00	You know something?
03:46:30:00	03:46:31:00	Me too.
03:46:31:00	03:46:31:00	Yeah.
03:46:31:00	03:46:31:00	Wow.
03:46:31:00	03:46:33:00	Yeah.
03:46:33:00	03:46:34:00	I know when I was when I was.
03:46:34:00	03:46:37:00	That's why I Know the answer to
03:46:37:00	03:46:37:00	it.
03:46:37:00	03:46:38:00	So where were you in New York?
03:46:38:00	03:46:41:00	Oh, right on near the border
03:46:41:00	03:46:44:00	there I was I I spent five
03:46:44:00	03:46:45:00	years on the other side of
03:46:45:00	03:46:48:00	the state Just north of
03:46:48:00	03:46:48:00	the city doing extension work
03:46:48:00	03:46:48:00	there.
03:46:48:00	03:46:51:00	Years ago like 20 years ago.
03:46:51:00	03:46:51:00	Yeah.
03:46:51:00	03:46:54:00	So you're pretty close.
03:46:54:00	03:46:55:00	Yeah.
03:46:55:00	03:46:55:00	Yeah, yeah exactly.
03:46:55:00	03:46:56:00	It's a beautiful area.
03:46:56:00	03:46:57:00	A lot of pine.
03:46:57:00	03:47:01:00	Yeah I think we're already
03:47:01:00	03:47:01:00	here.
03:47:01:00	03:47:08:00	Great city.
03:47:08:00	03:47:11:00	Stop, stop There.
03:47:11:00	03:47:11:00	OK.
03:47:11:00	03:47:20:00	So Steve Sorry You final Cause
03:47:20:00	03:47:25:00	when You're there it's
03:47:25:00	03:47:29:00	partially because So many white
03:47:29:00	03:47:30:00	guys I've been there.
03:47:30:00	03:47:30:00	It's true.
03:47:30:00	03:47:32:00	You know?
03:47:32:00	03:47:32:00	You know.
03:47:32:00	03:47:36:00	So yeah they've been late or
03:47:36:00	03:47:37:00	You know I mean again I know
03:47:37:00	03:47:37:00	those original as well even I
03:47:37:00	03:47:39:00	don't know If this was a part
03:47:39:00	03:47:40:00	of the US but here in Canada
03:47:40:00	03:47:43:00	they would claim those Biggest
03:47:43:00	03:47:44:00	white pints is the queen owning
03:47:44:00	03:47:46:00	them Masks for ships.
03:47:46:00	03:47:47:00	Yeah.
03:47:47:00	03:47:53:00	I mean there were huge Trees in
03:47:53:00	03:47:54:00	that area.
03:47:54:00	03:47:58:00	Yeah but those Was about
03:47:58:00	03:47:58:00	the cutting edge though.
03:47:58:00	03:47:59:00	Yeah.
03:47:59:00	03:47:59:00	Yeah.
03:47:59:00	03:48:00:00	That's part of our When you
03:48:00:00	03:48:04:00	were talking about hybrid cars
03:48:04:00	03:48:05:00	You know maybe I should know if
03:48:05:00	03:48:06:00	I could find some more local
03:48:06:00	03:48:08:00	stories.
03:48:08:00	03:48:08:00	Yeah.
03:48:08:00	03:48:09:00	I was struggling so I had to
03:48:09:00	03:48:10:00	check that out.
03:48:10:00	03:48:22:00	Check out Obviously area I'm
03:48:22:00	03:48:22:00	here.
03:48:22:00	03:48:27:00	I was like I really like it.
03:48:27:00	03:48:27:00	Yeah.
03:48:27:00	03:48:27:00	That's great.
03:48:27:00	03:48:30:00	I could Yeah.
03:48:30:00	03:48:30:00	Yes I have.
03:48:30:00	03:48:31:00	So how are you doing?
03:48:31:00	03:48:33:00	Good.
03:48:33:00	03:48:34:00	Good.
03:48:34:00	03:48:34:00	I ended up leaving it.
03:48:34:00	03:48:36:00	Oh OK.
03:48:36:00	03:48:37:00	Exactly right.
03:48:37:00	03:48:37:00	OK.
03:48:37:00	03:48:41:00	OK.
03:48:41:00	03:48:41:00	Oh right.
03:48:41:00	03:48:42:00	Right Trekkies.
03:48:42:00	03:48:42:00	Thank you.
03:48:42:00	03:48:42:00	OK.
03:48:42:00	03:48:43:00	Yeah.
03:48:43:00	03:48:43:00	Good.
03:48:43:00	03:48:44:00	So what are you doing there?
03:48:44:00	03:48:52:00	I'm To get a bit there.
03:48:52:00	03:48:52:00	How is it?
03:48:52:00	03:48:54:00	Just Great office.
03:48:54:00	03:48:55:00	Yeah there's a bit of a plant
03:48:55:00	03:48:56:00	you can actually do.
03:48:56:00	03:48:58:00	Yeah.
03:48:58:00	03:48:58:00	Yeah.
03:48:58:00	03:48:59:00	And it's just.
03:48:59:00	03:48:59:00	OK.
03:48:59:00	03:49:00:00	Yeah.
03:49:00:00	03:49:08:00	I mean right now you're Like Oh
03:49:08:00	03:49:13:00	my god I suspect they may be
03:49:13:00	03:49:16:00	making you go Partnership.
03:49:16:00	03:49:16:00	Oh.
03:49:16:00	03:49:19:00	I know you totally.
03:49:19:00	03:49:20:00	Well the benefits.
03:49:20:00	03:49:20:00	Yeah yeah.
03:49:20:00	03:49:21:00	Yeah.
03:49:21:00	03:49:23:00	I'm wondering is there another
03:49:23:00	03:49:26:00	talk topics that you're Shoot.
03:49:26:00	03:49:27:00	Yeah I think I better go.
03:49:27:00	03:49:30:00	Two years.
03:49:30:00	03:49:31:00	Oh really?
03:49:31:00	03:49:32:00	What what were you doing?
03:49:32:00	03:49:33:00	Oh you know I don't remember I
03:49:33:00	03:49:38:00	gave You were at that you had a
03:49:38:00	03:49:39:00	head nurse you back then.
03:49:39:00	03:49:39:00	I was OK.
03:49:39:00	03:49:45:00	Yeah I was in sea manager OK
03:49:45:00	03:49:49:00	Six talks and tried to Some
03:49:49:00	03:49:50:00	great things for sure.
03:49:50:00	03:49:53:00	I was the worst First trimester
03:49:53:00	03:49:57:00	so no I had to lay Off.
03:49:57:00	03:49:57:00	Oh my gosh.
03:49:57:00	03:49:58:00	Yeah I think you just can't do
03:49:58:00	03:49:58:00	it right.
03:49:58:00	03:50:01:00	I didn't what I thought was
03:50:01:00	03:50:02:00	like.
03:50:02:00	03:50:02:00	All right.
03:50:02:00	03:50:04:00	I'll take Because I want to
03:50:04:00	03:50:05:00	your company you get a little
03:50:05:00	03:50:08:00	exposure, right?
03:50:08:00	03:50:08:00	Like that's like after after
03:50:08:00	03:50:09:00	the fact.
03:50:09:00	03:50:09:00	Right.
03:50:09:00	03:50:10:00	Right.
03:50:10:00	03:50:11:00	Exactly.
03:50:11:00	03:50:19:00	Just Same So I'm Party.
03:50:19:00	03:50:19:00	Yeah.
03:50:19:00	03:50:23:00	Right.
03:50:23:00	03:50:23:00	Yeah.
03:50:23:00	03:50:23:00	Yeah.
03:50:23:00	03:50:24:00	Yeah.
03:50:24:00	03:50:24:00	Exactly right.
03:50:24:00	03:51:46:00	So There's still Around My
03:51:46:00	03:51:47:00	Capacity right.
03:51:47:00	03:51:54:00	Obviously I have With like Some
03:51:54:00	03:51:54:00	like.
03:51:54:00	03:51:55:00	All right.
03:51:55:00	03:51:55:00	Yeah.
03:51:55:00	03:52:03:00	Yeah exactly right.
03:52:03:00	03:52:10:00	Ha ha ha Livestock people did
03:52:10:00	03:52:10:00	do some plant stuff.
03:52:10:00	03:52:13:00	I'm making sure I got a And I'm
03:52:13:00	03:52:14:00	going to make sure I was your
03:52:14:00	03:52:14:00	boy.
03:52:14:00	03:52:15:00	That was so fun.
03:52:15:00	03:52:18:00	Sorry I shouted out a few times
03:52:18:00	03:52:20:00	will edit my voice out.
03:52:20:00	03:52:21:00	Well just I said that like when
03:52:21:00	03:52:22:00	you had 10 minutes and I said
03:52:22:00	03:52:25:00	you still 10 minutes we'll
03:52:25:00	03:52:27:00	think I oh yeah we'll take that
03:52:27:00	03:52:28:00	You don't know but that was
03:52:28:00	03:52:28:00	great.
03:52:28:00	03:52:31:00	Thank you.
03:52:31:00	03:52:32:00	Where is that voice coming
03:52:32:00	03:52:32:00	from?
03:52:32:00	03:52:32:00	Oh.
03:52:32:00	04:01:58:00	Let me turn this So quick.
04:01:58:00	04:01:58:00	You're gonna do this for us.
04:01:58:00	04:02:01:00	OK, so Goldie so wake I just
04:02:01:00	04:02:01:00	have an announcement to make.
04:02:01:00	04:02:04:00	>> Welcome and thank you for
04:02:04:00	04:02:05:00	Attending the seminar in an
04:02:05:00	04:02:05:00	emergency.
04:02:05:00	04:02:08:00	Please exit quickly and Calmly
04:02:08:00	04:02:09:00	through the front or rear
04:02:09:00	04:02:09:00	entrance.
04:02:09:00	04:02:12:00	The volunteer is Pointing out
04:02:12:00	04:02:12:00	the direction of where you need
04:02:12:00	04:02:16:00	to be exiting an Immediately go
04:02:16:00	04:02:16:00	outside.
04:02:16:00	04:02:17:00	Please turn off all of your
04:02:17:00	04:02:19:00	electronic devices.
04:02:19:00	04:02:20:00	If you did not pick up an
04:02:20:00	04:02:21:00	evaluation please raise your
04:02:21:00	04:02:22:00	hand.
04:02:22:00	04:02:26:00	Anybody Ok.
04:02:26:00	04:02:27:00	>> Just need a couple
04:02:27:00	04:02:27:00	evaluations.
04:02:27:00	04:02:30:00	I think she's coming in With
04:02:30:00	04:02:34:00	those and completed evaluations
04:02:34:00	04:02:35:00	Can be placed in the bin at
04:02:35:00	04:02:36:00	the back as you exit.
04:02:36:00	04:02:37:00	Thank you and enjoy This
04:02:37:00	04:02:37:00	seminar.
04:02:37:00	04:02:44:00	>> So signally slug wake had Go
04:02:44:00	04:02:45:00	hunting you get a guy who any
04:02:45:00	04:02:46:00	or Khalili Azizi you get so
04:02:46:00	04:02:48:00	soon a Day like Mahoney would
04:02:48:00	04:02:49:00	get the loader only the agony
04:02:49:00	04:02:49:00	would get you home.
04:02:49:00	04:02:52:00	Georgia The local wanted again.
04:02:52:00	04:02:53:00	Hello everyone.
04:02:53:00	04:02:55:00	I just Introduced myself in
04:02:55:00	04:02:56:00	your native language.
04:02:56:00	04:02:57:00	My own native name is Heiko
04:02:57:00	04:02:59:00	honey And my English name is
04:02:59:00	04:03:00:00	Lee as icy.
04:03:00:00	04:03:02:00	I'm Oneida and I'm Clan and I'm
04:03:02:00	04:03:03:00	from the place of the Ducks.
04:03:03:00	04:03:06:00	>> The Girl is a Greek.
04:03:06:00	04:03:07:00	You're used to your while yet
04:03:07:00	04:03:09:00	New York's Only a tiger.
04:03:09:00	04:03:10:00	>> My name is Laura Manthey and
04:03:10:00	04:03:12:00	I'm also from United Nation And
04:03:12:00	04:03:12:00	she's my mom.
04:03:12:00	04:03:17:00	>> So we're gonna talk to you
04:03:17:00	04:03:20:00	today about Oh hey look to
04:03:20:00	04:03:24:00	the corn co-operative that we
04:03:24:00	04:03:24:00	Collectively put together in
04:03:24:00	04:03:27:00	Oneida and then also just
04:03:27:00	04:03:28:00	Native food ways in a broader
04:03:28:00	04:03:28:00	sense.
04:03:28:00	04:03:31:00	And then before we Get started,
04:03:31:00	04:03:32:00	I just want to make a
04:03:32:00	04:03:33:00	recognition that we're on a
04:03:33:00	04:03:35:00	whole chunk ancestral land And
04:03:35:00	04:03:35:00	we're walking with our
04:03:35:00	04:03:38:00	ancestors and that This is
04:03:38:00	04:03:39:00	really their their place that
04:03:39:00	04:03:40:00	they took care for a really
04:03:40:00	04:03:42:00	long Time.
04:03:42:00	04:03:43:00	So we just like to make that
04:03:43:00	04:03:43:00	recognition before we get
04:03:43:00	04:03:44:00	started.
04:03:44:00	04:03:46:00	So that's us the star there.
04:03:46:00	04:03:49:00	And then you can See number 20
04:03:49:00	04:03:50:00	over and what's now New York.
04:03:50:00	04:03:53:00	That's our original Territory
04:03:53:00	04:03:54:00	for the whole new show near
04:03:54:00	04:03:54:00	the Iroquois Confederacy.
04:03:54:00	04:03:57:00	So that's Where our people are
04:03:57:00	04:03:58:00	originally from.
04:03:58:00	04:04:00:00	So we're going to give you A
04:04:00:00	04:04:01:00	short history lesson and then
04:04:01:00	04:04:02:00	we'll get to the rest of
04:04:02:00	04:04:04:00	the program about Growing food.
04:04:04:00	04:04:05:00	>> So in a broader sense we're
04:04:05:00	04:04:08:00	from This place called Turtle
04:04:08:00	04:04:08:00	Island which is North America.
04:04:08:00	04:04:12:00	>> And This is where corn first
04:04:12:00	04:04:12:00	made its appearance according
04:04:12:00	04:04:15:00	to archeological Records ten
04:04:15:00	04:04:16:00	thousand years ago.
04:04:16:00	04:04:16:00	And that's about when food
04:04:16:00	04:04:19:00	started Being grown in
04:04:19:00	04:04:19:00	the Fertile Crescent.
04:04:19:00	04:04:20:00	So just to give you an idea of
04:04:20:00	04:04:23:00	time And when we're starting in
04:04:23:00	04:04:25:00	this historical us Timeline.
04:04:25:00	04:04:29:00	So these two Major developments
04:04:29:00	04:04:30:00	had a really big impact, right?
04:04:30:00	04:04:33:00	There was A really big impact
04:04:33:00	04:04:34:00	in Europe and Eurasia from
04:04:34:00	04:04:35:00	the Fertile Crescent and then
04:04:35:00	04:04:37:00	also A huge impact in
04:04:37:00	04:04:37:00	the Americas as that corn
04:04:37:00	04:04:41:00	spread across The continents.
04:04:41:00	04:04:44:00	So Sure.
04:04:44:00	04:04:45:00	So this is the Hiawatha flag.
04:04:45:00	04:04:48:00	This is Our original way of
04:04:48:00	04:04:51:00	recognizing each other in
04:04:51:00	04:04:52:00	The Confederacy.
04:04:52:00	04:04:55:00	So what this wampum belt
04:04:55:00	04:04:56:00	Signifies are the five nations
04:04:56:00	04:04:56:00	that are part of
04:04:56:00	04:04:58:00	the Confederacy.
04:04:58:00	04:05:02:00	So there's Seneca is one box,
04:05:02:00	04:05:03:00	yoga is one box.
04:05:03:00	04:05:06:00	The tree in the center is not
04:05:06:00	04:05:07:00	On a dog nation.
04:05:07:00	04:05:08:00	And then this box next to it is
04:05:08:00	04:05:10:00	united Nation.
04:05:10:00	04:05:11:00	And in the last box is Mohawk
04:05:11:00	04:05:14:00	Nation and The Tusk Aurora
04:05:14:00	04:05:15:00	people are also part of our
04:05:15:00	04:05:17:00	Confederacy.
04:05:17:00	04:05:18:00	They came after this belt was
04:05:18:00	04:05:20:00	created.
04:05:20:00	04:05:21:00	>> OK.
04:05:21:00	04:05:25:00	>> So the Oneida people are
04:05:25:00	04:05:26:00	originally in our language is
04:05:26:00	04:05:29:00	the only Guy which means
04:05:29:00	04:05:29:00	the people of the Standing
04:05:29:00	04:05:29:00	Stone.
04:05:29:00	04:05:32:00	So you might Hear us use those
04:05:32:00	04:05:32:00	terms interchangeably.
04:05:32:00	04:05:35:00	You might hear us use Holden
04:05:35:00	04:05:36:00	Tony and Iroquois used
04:05:36:00	04:05:38:00	interchangeably Iroquois as
04:05:38:00	04:05:39:00	the French word for us and
04:05:39:00	04:05:40:00	Haudenosaunee is our word for
04:05:40:00	04:05:43:00	ourselves And our Haudenosaunee
04:05:43:00	04:05:46:00	identity is really tied to Our
04:05:46:00	04:05:47:00	corn and our foods.
04:05:47:00	04:05:48:00	It shows she shows up in our
04:05:48:00	04:05:50:00	creation story Many of our
04:05:50:00	04:05:51:00	other oral traditions and our
04:05:51:00	04:05:54:00	ceremonies With her two sisters
04:05:54:00	04:05:55:00	the beans and the squash.
04:05:55:00	04:05:58:00	>> So here's a beautiful
04:05:58:00	04:05:59:00	depiction from an artist called
04:05:59:00	04:06:02:00	Dawn Dark Mountain And what
04:06:02:00	04:06:03:00	she's showing is how the corn,
04:06:03:00	04:06:05:00	the beans and The squash grow
04:06:05:00	04:06:05:00	together.
04:06:05:00	04:06:08:00	>> So you may have know of this
04:06:08:00	04:06:09:00	System.
04:06:09:00	04:06:10:00	So we plant the corn first and
04:06:10:00	04:06:13:00	then we Wait for it to grow up
04:06:13:00	04:06:14:00	a little bit and then we plant
04:06:14:00	04:06:15:00	the beans to grow around
04:06:15:00	04:06:16:00	the corn Stalk as it's growing.
04:06:16:00	04:06:17:00	And then last the squash seeds
04:06:17:00	04:06:17:00	go in.
04:06:17:00	04:06:20:00	And what they do is provide
04:06:20:00	04:06:23:00	shade to the plants To keep
04:06:23:00	04:06:23:00	the morning dew in.
04:06:23:00	04:06:27:00	They suppress The weeds and
04:06:27:00	04:06:28:00	the little  leaves on the vines
04:06:28:00	04:06:31:00	keep the raccoons away.
04:06:31:00	04:06:34:00	Raccoons have Really tender
04:06:34:00	04:06:35:00	little pores so they don't like
04:06:35:00	04:06:38:00	to touch those prickles.
04:06:38:00	04:06:42:00	So this system might in Modern
04:06:42:00	04:06:42:00	day be called the companion
04:06:42:00	04:06:45:00	planting might also be Called
04:06:45:00	04:06:49:00	low tail organic biodiverse And
04:06:49:00	04:06:49:00	harmonized.
04:06:49:00	04:06:50:00	So we're basically the hipsters
04:06:50:00	04:06:55:00	of regenerative Agriculture.
04:06:55:00	04:06:56:00	>> So here's another beautiful
04:06:56:00	04:06:59:00	painting and this one hangs In
04:06:59:00	04:07:00:00	Auburn Hills Center at the seed
04:07:00:00	04:07:00:00	of our government.
04:07:00:00	04:07:02:00	>> The Native Business
04:07:02:00	04:07:03:00	Committee and this is a
04:07:03:00	04:07:06:00	depiction of the turtle And we
04:07:06:00	04:07:07:00	have 13 ceremonies that we
04:07:07:00	04:07:07:00	practiced throughout the year
04:07:07:00	04:07:10:00	and there's 13 spots on
04:07:10:00	04:07:11:00	the back of the turtle.
04:07:11:00	04:07:14:00	And then there's 28 Little
04:07:14:00	04:07:15:00	pieces of the turtle shell
04:07:15:00	04:07:17:00	around the outside And that
04:07:17:00	04:07:18:00	would be the 28 days.
04:07:18:00	04:07:19:00	And that is the calendar
04:07:19:00	04:07:21:00	the ceremonial Calendar that we
04:07:21:00	04:07:26:00	follow throughout the year.
04:07:26:00	04:07:27:00	>> So our calendar starts mid
04:07:27:00	04:07:28:00	winters which would have just
04:07:28:00	04:07:29:00	happened And then it moves into
04:07:29:00	04:07:32:00	a maple season and then goes
04:07:32:00	04:07:32:00	Around the seasonal calendar.
04:07:32:00	04:07:35:00	So strawberries come.
04:07:35:00	04:07:36:00	That's my favorite ceremony
04:07:36:00	04:07:37:00	because we have a lot of
04:07:37:00	04:07:40:00	strawberries And then it goes
04:07:40:00	04:07:40:00	all the way through to the fall
04:07:40:00	04:07:41:00	to hunting season harvest
04:07:41:00	04:07:43:00	season And then back around
04:07:43:00	04:07:44:00	again.
04:07:44:00	04:07:47:00	So we With the turtle
04:07:47:00	04:07:48:00	the turtle is one of our clans.
04:07:48:00	04:07:50:00	You might remember also Turtle
04:07:50:00	04:07:51:00	Island is where we're from.
04:07:51:00	04:07:54:00	And then there is Bear Clan And
04:07:54:00	04:07:55:00	Wolf clan.
04:07:55:00	04:07:55:00	So Werewolf Clan I mean we
04:07:55:00	04:07:56:00	inherit that through our
04:07:56:00	04:07:58:00	mothers.
04:07:58:00	04:07:59:00	So in our we are world view.
04:07:59:00	04:08:00:00	We are what our mothers are.
04:08:00:00	04:08:02:00	So my mother is Oneida and
04:08:02:00	04:08:03:00	she's both plans.
04:08:03:00	04:08:05:00	So I'm Oneida and I love.
04:08:05:00	04:08:06:00	So here what we have is a
04:08:06:00	04:08:10:00	beautiful Picture of village
04:08:10:00	04:08:10:00	life.
04:08:10:00	04:08:11:00	So I want everyone to close
04:08:11:00	04:08:12:00	your eyes for a minute And
04:08:12:00	04:08:16:00	imagine a place that We forgot
04:08:16:00	04:08:20:00	to warn you she Might cry.
04:08:20:00	04:08:21:00	>> That happens a lot when we
04:08:21:00	04:08:24:00	talk about This stuff.
04:08:24:00	04:08:24:00	We think it's the ancestral
04:08:24:00	04:08:25:00	memories coming back.
04:08:25:00	04:08:28:00	It can Be really hard to talk
04:08:28:00	04:08:28:00	about this.
04:08:28:00	04:08:29:00	Don't make me cry.
04:08:29:00	04:08:31:00	OK, So this kind of depicts
04:08:31:00	04:08:35:00	the magical agricultural Way of
04:08:35:00	04:08:35:00	life in our villages and
04:08:35:00	04:08:36:00	the food was always made and
04:08:36:00	04:08:39:00	readily available.
04:08:39:00	04:08:40:00	So we had the one bowl one
04:08:40:00	04:08:40:00	spoon concept so the food was
04:08:40:00	04:08:42:00	there for you When you were
04:08:42:00	04:08:43:00	ready to eat it was available
04:08:43:00	04:08:45:00	to the whole community
04:08:45:00	04:08:46:00	Everybody 8 everybody had
04:08:46:00	04:08:46:00	shelter.
04:08:46:00	04:08:50:00	Everybody got medicinal Care.
04:08:50:00	04:08:51:00	Everybody had a place within
04:08:51:00	04:08:51:00	the community.
04:08:51:00	04:08:53:00	We also really Valued
04:08:53:00	04:08:53:00	individual gifts.
04:08:53:00	04:08:54:00	So your whatever makes your
04:08:54:00	04:08:57:00	heart Sing.
04:08:57:00	04:08:58:00	There was time for that to be
04:08:58:00	04:08:58:00	expressed as well.
04:08:58:00	04:09:00:00	So everyone's Gifts had a place
04:09:00:00	04:09:01:00	within the village.
04:09:01:00	04:09:04:00	Anthropologists now estimate
04:09:04:00	04:09:05:00	that we worked about a 12 hour
04:09:05:00	04:09:08:00	work week Which sounds awesome.
04:09:08:00	04:09:11:00	>> The restless time we spent
04:09:11:00	04:09:12:00	Recreation, art, politics
04:09:12:00	04:09:16:00	taking care of our families And
04:09:16:00	04:09:17:00	cultivating those gifts that we
04:09:17:00	04:09:19:00	had.
04:09:19:00	04:09:23:00	>> So the women were largely in
04:09:23:00	04:09:23:00	Charge of managing
04:09:23:00	04:09:24:00	the agricultural system.
04:09:24:00	04:09:24:00	They essentially ran
04:09:24:00	04:09:26:00	the economy Because the corn
04:09:26:00	04:09:27:00	was our economy.
04:09:27:00	04:09:30:00	And so you can see here This
04:09:30:00	04:09:30:00	longhouse.
04:09:30:00	04:09:31:00	That's who we are the people of
04:09:31:00	04:09:34:00	the longhouse the Haudenosaunee
04:09:34:00	04:09:34:00	This longhouse would have been
04:09:34:00	04:09:35:00	run by the matriarch of
04:09:35:00	04:09:37:00	the family.
04:09:37:00	04:09:38:00	>> She's the eldest clan
04:09:38:00	04:09:41:00	mother, the clan mothers Then
04:09:41:00	04:09:42:00	decide who the chiefs are.
04:09:42:00	04:09:43:00	The chiefs sit on a council and
04:09:43:00	04:09:45:00	they make decisions For
04:09:45:00	04:09:45:00	the community.
04:09:45:00	04:09:46:00	They're making bad decisions.
04:09:46:00	04:09:49:00	They get chiefs.
04:09:49:00	04:09:50:00	It's not as complicated as
04:09:50:00	04:09:50:00	impeaching someone.
04:09:50:00	04:09:51:00	You just tell them they're Not
04:09:51:00	04:09:51:00	the chief anymore.
04:09:51:00	04:09:55:00	>> So this council
04:09:55:00	04:09:56:00	the separation of powers was
04:09:56:00	04:09:59:00	actually The basis for the U.S.
04:09:59:00	04:10:00:00	Constitution.
04:10:00:00	04:10:01:00	The founding fathers spent time
04:10:01:00	04:10:03:00	with Recognize our democracy
04:10:03:00	04:10:04:00	and the power in that.
04:10:04:00	04:10:06:00	And that is kind of What we
04:10:06:00	04:10:07:00	ended up with today.
04:10:07:00	04:10:08:00	What they forgot about was that
04:10:08:00	04:10:10:00	balance between Men and women.
04:10:10:00	04:10:11:00	And that's what we're starting
04:10:11:00	04:10:12:00	to see now is our return to
04:10:12:00	04:10:14:00	returning To that balance
04:10:14:00	04:10:15:00	because we're always going to
04:10:15:00	04:10:17:00	return to balance no Matter
04:10:17:00	04:10:18:00	what harmony is the direction
04:10:18:00	04:10:21:00	that the universe goes towards
04:10:21:00	04:10:21:00	.
04:10:21:00	04:10:22:00	>> So this village every 20
04:10:22:00	04:10:24:00	years would pick up and move To
04:10:24:00	04:10:25:00	a new location.
04:10:25:00	04:10:26:00	So three years out they would
04:10:26:00	04:10:28:00	go cite a new village And start
04:10:28:00	04:10:29:00	preparing it for the people to
04:10:29:00	04:10:30:00	move and everybody would
04:10:30:00	04:10:33:00	relocate To that village
04:10:33:00	04:10:33:00	allowing this area to rest and
04:10:33:00	04:10:36:00	return to its Natural state.
04:10:36:00	04:10:37:00	And so we would make a circuit
04:10:37:00	04:10:40:00	around our territory And by
04:10:40:00	04:10:41:00	the time we made it back around
04:10:41:00	04:10:42:00	to that original place we would
04:10:42:00	04:10:45:00	start over Again and build a
04:10:45:00	04:10:45:00	new village.
04:10:45:00	04:10:46:00	So that was what you would
04:10:46:00	04:10:47:00	maybe call today's sustainable
04:10:47:00	04:10:48:00	Development in thinking about
04:10:48:00	04:10:51:00	the future.
04:10:51:00	04:10:52:00	>> So here what we have is
04:10:52:00	04:10:53:00	another picture of our
04:10:53:00	04:10:55:00	cornfields and You see there is
04:10:55:00	04:10:58:00	some youth up high on this
04:10:58:00	04:10:59:00	Platform and what everyone in
04:10:59:00	04:10:59:00	the village had a job.
04:10:59:00	04:11:03:00	And you know, teenagers like to
04:11:03:00	04:11:03:00	stay up all night.
04:11:03:00	04:11:05:00	So give teenagers a job And
04:11:05:00	04:11:06:00	their job is to go up there and
04:11:06:00	04:11:07:00	sit and watch over
04:11:07:00	04:11:09:00	the cornfield And more.
04:11:09:00	04:11:11:00	And if there is any danger
04:11:11:00	04:11:11:00	coming or if the raccoons are
04:11:11:00	04:11:14:00	coming Make could use their bow
04:11:14:00	04:11:15:00	and arrow and you know, get rid
04:11:15:00	04:11:17:00	of them or a slingshot They
04:11:17:00	04:11:18:00	could chase the deer away and
04:11:18:00	04:11:20:00	then everyone worked Like
04:11:20:00	04:11:21:00	peacefully in harmony and
04:11:21:00	04:11:21:00	everyone owned the food.
04:11:21:00	04:11:25:00	So There's no ownership.
04:11:25:00	04:11:25:00	This is not my field.
04:11:25:00	04:11:27:00	This is not my seat.
04:11:27:00	04:11:28:00	This is not my anything.
04:11:28:00	04:11:29:00	It belongs to everyone
04:11:29:00	04:11:29:00	together.
04:11:29:00	04:11:32:00	So What I learned from this is
04:11:32:00	04:11:35:00	when we started our group.
04:11:35:00	04:11:36:00	We'll get to that in a little
04:11:36:00	04:11:37:00	bit.
04:11:37:00	04:11:38:00	But I had to do colonize my
04:11:38:00	04:11:39:00	mind.
04:11:39:00	04:11:39:00	I had to stop thinking that
04:11:39:00	04:11:40:00	this part of the field was mine
04:11:40:00	04:11:43:00	and this corn Was mine.
04:11:43:00	04:11:44:00	I had to my friend had remind
04:11:44:00	04:11:45:00	me that we're going to pool our
04:11:45:00	04:11:46:00	seeds together.
04:11:46:00	04:11:47:00	We're gonna grow this corn
04:11:47:00	04:11:48:00	together, we're going to
04:11:48:00	04:11:48:00	harvest together and we're
04:11:48:00	04:11:51:00	going to eat together.
04:11:51:00	04:11:52:00	So it's just a different way to
04:11:52:00	04:11:52:00	think about it.
04:11:52:00	04:11:54:00	So there's a community Garden
04:11:54:00	04:11:55:00	and then there's a communal
04:11:55:00	04:11:55:00	garden.
04:11:55:00	04:11:58:00	And so the work that We do is
04:11:58:00	04:12:00:00	communal.
04:12:00:00	04:12:02:00	>> So the word for that we have
04:12:02:00	04:12:04:00	Four Corners or nuts which
04:12:04:00	04:12:05:00	Means she sustains us and it's
04:12:05:00	04:12:08:00	very similar that to the word
04:12:08:00	04:12:09:00	That we have for mother's milk.
04:12:09:00	04:12:10:00	So we really have this really
04:12:10:00	04:12:12:00	close bonded relationship To
04:12:12:00	04:12:13:00	the corn and we've said that
04:12:13:00	04:12:14:00	the health of our people is
04:12:14:00	04:12:17:00	reflected In the health of our
04:12:17:00	04:12:17:00	corn.
04:12:17:00	04:12:18:00	So what we try to do is make
04:12:18:00	04:12:20:00	sure that we're doing right By
04:12:20:00	04:12:21:00	the corn so that we can
04:12:21:00	04:12:21:00	continue taking care of her and
04:12:21:00	04:12:24:00	she can continue taking Care of
04:12:24:00	04:12:25:00	us and the corn could not
04:12:25:00	04:12:25:00	survive without us.
04:12:25:00	04:12:28:00	>> If a Corn cob fell to
04:12:28:00	04:12:29:00	the ground and started to grow
04:12:29:00	04:12:31:00	all of the seeds Would sprout
04:12:31:00	04:12:32:00	at the same time and choke each
04:12:32:00	04:12:32:00	other out.
04:12:32:00	04:12:33:00	There's over one hundred seeds
04:12:33:00	04:12:35:00	on each Corn cob so she needs
04:12:35:00	04:12:36:00	us to keep going and we need
04:12:36:00	04:12:37:00	her to keep going.
04:12:37:00	04:12:38:00	She Sustains us.
04:12:38:00	04:12:42:00	Is her name.
04:12:42:00	04:12:43:00	>> So this is a picture of our
04:12:43:00	04:12:45:00	trade routes back in The day
04:12:45:00	04:12:45:00	and today.
04:12:45:00	04:12:49:00	And you can see from our little
04:12:49:00	04:12:50:00	area up here in what's now New
04:12:50:00	04:12:50:00	York.
04:12:50:00	04:12:52:00	It Stretched all the way down
04:12:52:00	04:12:56:00	through what's now Mexico And
04:12:56:00	04:12:57:00	into South America and all
04:12:57:00	04:12:58:00	the way west and up into Alaska
04:12:58:00	04:13:00:00	even.
04:13:00:00	04:13:01:00	So this is the extent to which
04:13:01:00	04:13:03:00	that we had Abundance to trade.
04:13:03:00	04:13:07:00	And this was how we
04:13:07:00	04:13:07:00	Collaborated with our
04:13:07:00	04:13:10:00	neighbors, the Cherokee and our
04:13:10:00	04:13:10:00	Distant brothers,
04:13:10:00	04:13:11:00	the Seminoles.
04:13:11:00	04:13:12:00	We all share the same games and
04:13:12:00	04:13:14:00	even we practice The alligator
04:13:14:00	04:13:14:00	dance.
04:13:14:00	04:13:15:00	Well, there's no alligators in
04:13:15:00	04:13:16:00	New York.
04:13:16:00	04:13:19:00	We Learn that dance from them
04:13:19:00	04:13:19:00	when we were trading with them
04:13:19:00	04:13:20:00	all the way down in Florida.
04:13:20:00	04:13:22:00	So this just shows the extent
04:13:22:00	04:13:22:00	to which the economies were
04:13:22:00	04:13:25:00	here and thriving Prior to
04:13:25:00	04:13:26:00	colonial contact.
04:13:26:00	04:13:28:00	And these same trade rules Were
04:13:28:00	04:13:29:00	then turned into what we now
04:13:29:00	04:13:32:00	have is the US Highway system.
04:13:32:00	04:13:35:00	So those same trails became Our
04:13:35:00	04:13:38:00	highways.
04:13:38:00	04:13:39:00	So then there was disruption to
04:13:39:00	04:13:43:00	our steady state and We are we
04:13:43:00	04:13:43:00	had to deal with
04:13:43:00	04:13:44:00	the introduction of a foreign
04:13:44:00	04:13:47:00	religion Jumped guns, germs and
04:13:47:00	04:13:49:00	steel and that was really
04:13:49:00	04:13:50:00	Detrimental to our community.
04:13:50:00	04:13:51:00	>> So what happened was when
04:13:51:00	04:13:53:00	people lose Faith in our
04:13:53:00	04:13:54:00	traditional teachings and they
04:13:54:00	04:13:55:00	go to another way of practicing
04:13:55:00	04:13:58:00	religion, they lose their faith
04:13:58:00	04:13:59:00	in the government and they lose
04:13:59:00	04:14:01:00	their faith In the medicines.
04:14:01:00	04:14:05:00	So one one reaction, one action
04:14:05:00	04:14:05:00	had a many, many reactions in
04:14:05:00	04:14:06:00	our community.
04:14:06:00	04:14:09:00	And so our Group is trying to
04:14:09:00	04:14:12:00	get back to our steady state.
04:14:12:00	04:14:13:00	>> The second major disruption
04:14:13:00	04:14:16:00	was relocation.
04:14:16:00	04:14:18:00	>> So we fought on the side of
04:14:18:00	04:14:18:00	the colonies in
04:14:18:00	04:14:20:00	the revolutionary War.
04:14:20:00	04:14:21:00	Yet after the war we did not
04:14:21:00	04:14:23:00	have territory in our original
04:14:23:00	04:14:24:00	Lands and had to move.
04:14:24:00	04:14:27:00	So some of us moved to Canada
04:14:27:00	04:14:28:00	And some of us moved to
04:14:28:00	04:14:31:00	the Michigan Territory which is
04:14:31:00	04:14:32:00	Now Wisconsin in this boat
04:14:32:00	04:14:33:00	called the Walk on the Water.
04:14:33:00	04:14:35:00	That boat on its return journey
04:14:35:00	04:14:39:00	sunk so That kind of tells you
04:14:39:00	04:14:40:00	the conditions that we were in
04:14:40:00	04:14:42:00	when we made that journey over
04:14:42:00	04:14:42:00	.
04:14:42:00	04:14:43:00	Nonetheless we saw the need to
04:14:43:00	04:14:44:00	bring our foods with us.
04:14:44:00	04:14:47:00	So we brought Our seeds with
04:14:47:00	04:14:47:00	us.
04:14:47:00	04:14:48:00	We brought our ceremonies with
04:14:48:00	04:14:48:00	us.
04:14:48:00	04:14:49:00	We bought our language with us.
04:14:49:00	04:14:50:00	All of that was still
04:14:50:00	04:14:51:00	relatively intact throughout
04:14:51:00	04:14:55:00	this relocation Period.
04:14:55:00	04:14:57:00	>> So now we are reduced to
04:14:57:00	04:15:00:00	sixty five Thousand acres from
04:15:00:00	04:15:01:00	a five thousand dollar or five
04:15:01:00	04:15:04:00	thousand acre area That we
04:15:04:00	04:15:04:00	negotiated with the tribes that
04:15:04:00	04:15:05:00	were already in Wisconsin.
04:15:05:00	04:15:07:00	That would be the Menominee,
04:15:07:00	04:15:07:00	the Potawatomi and the whole
04:15:07:00	04:15:07:00	chunk.
04:15:07:00	04:15:11:00	And through Land deals that
04:15:11:00	04:15:14:00	were made without us included
04:15:14:00	04:15:15:00	Through three process we
04:15:15:00	04:15:16:00	reduced to the current sixty
04:15:16:00	04:15:19:00	five thousand acres We have
04:15:19:00	04:15:19:00	now.
04:15:19:00	04:15:20:00	That was further reduced after
04:15:20:00	04:15:22:00	the land allotment Process and
04:15:22:00	04:15:23:00	land was taxed when we didn't
04:15:23:00	04:15:26:00	have money to pay the taxes And
04:15:26:00	04:15:27:00	people were able to sell their
04:15:27:00	04:15:27:00	land.
04:15:27:00	04:15:30:00	So night a Wisconsin was
04:15:30:00	04:15:31:00	reduced to twenty two acres of
04:15:31:00	04:15:37:00	land Then the boarding school
04:15:37:00	04:15:41:00	era and this concept Was to
04:15:41:00	04:15:42:00	kill the Indian to save
04:15:42:00	04:15:42:00	the man.
04:15:42:00	04:15:44:00	>> And this took place from 86
04:15:44:00	04:15:45:00	Until 1972 when parents finally
04:15:45:00	04:15:49:00	gained The right to not send
04:15:49:00	04:15:50:00	their children off reservation
04:15:50:00	04:15:50:00	if they didn't want to.
04:15:50:00	04:15:52:00	It was mandatory for over 100
04:15:52:00	04:15:53:00	years.
04:15:53:00	04:15:56:00	So in that time Those children
04:15:56:00	04:15:57:00	who were essentially kidnaped
04:15:57:00	04:15:59:00	from home Did not have any
04:15:59:00	04:16:00:00	contact with their parents so
04:16:00:00	04:16:01:00	they could not be taught
04:16:01:00	04:16:03:00	the traditions And
04:16:03:00	04:16:03:00	the teachings.
04:16:03:00	04:16:04:00	They could not speak their own
04:16:04:00	04:16:05:00	language and they were
04:16:05:00	04:16:07:00	converted Christianity.
04:16:07:00	04:16:08:00	So when they returned back to
04:16:08:00	04:16:08:00	their communities there was
04:16:08:00	04:16:11:00	this gap Of communication and
04:16:11:00	04:16:12:00	of knowledge and of
04:16:12:00	04:16:12:00	understanding.
04:16:12:00	04:16:14:00	And That gap has kind of
04:16:14:00	04:16:15:00	continued on.
04:16:15:00	04:16:16:00	And what we're doing now is
04:16:16:00	04:16:21:00	trying To close that again.
04:16:21:00	04:16:24:00	>> So now it's 1976 and Some
04:16:24:00	04:16:25:00	amazing women decided that they
04:16:25:00	04:16:28:00	needed and figure out a way To
04:16:28:00	04:16:29:00	keep the lights on at our new
04:16:29:00	04:16:29:00	civic center.
04:16:29:00	04:16:32:00	That Was created through grant
04:16:32:00	04:16:33:00	money but they didn't have a
04:16:33:00	04:16:36:00	way to keep the utilities
04:16:36:00	04:16:36:00	Running.
04:16:36:00	04:16:37:00	So they started a bingo game
04:16:37:00	04:16:37:00	because they were Christian
04:16:37:00	04:16:39:00	women and they went To church
04:16:39:00	04:16:40:00	and their church had a bingo
04:16:40:00	04:16:40:00	game.
04:16:40:00	04:16:43:00	So they figured if churches can
04:16:43:00	04:16:43:00	Have bingo and they're
04:16:43:00	04:16:44:00	sovereign then tribes should be
04:16:44:00	04:16:45:00	able to have bingo too.
04:16:45:00	04:16:47:00	So there's A really great book
04:16:47:00	04:16:47:00	out there if you want to learn
04:16:47:00	04:16:48:00	more about that called
04:16:48:00	04:16:50:00	The Bingo Queens of when And
04:16:50:00	04:16:51:00	that's how gaming started in
04:16:51:00	04:16:51:00	Wisconsin.
04:16:51:00	04:16:53:00	So with those gaming Dollars we
04:16:53:00	04:16:54:00	were able to invest in
04:16:54:00	04:16:58:00	infrastructure, invest in our
04:16:58:00	04:16:59:00	people, invest in our land and
04:16:59:00	04:17:01:00	really Recreate an integrated
04:17:01:00	04:17:02:00	food system.
04:17:02:00	04:17:09:00	>> So I'm just gonna take you
04:17:09:00	04:17:12:00	on a little virtual tour of
04:17:12:00	04:17:12:00	Oneida.
04:17:12:00	04:17:13:00	>> This is our apple orchard.
04:17:13:00	04:17:16:00	We also have a bison and bee
04:17:16:00	04:17:16:00	farm.
04:17:16:00	04:17:20:00	We Have John Hancock which is
04:17:20:00	04:17:21:00	our organic farm that grows our
04:17:21:00	04:17:23:00	white corn And other organic
04:17:23:00	04:17:24:00	fruits and vegetables and
04:17:24:00	04:17:26:00	raises chickens And then our
04:17:26:00	04:17:27:00	cannery is in the middle there
04:17:27:00	04:17:28:00	you can see some youth getting
04:17:28:00	04:17:32:00	together To learn how to make
04:17:32:00	04:17:32:00	apple chips and dried
04:17:32:00	04:17:33:00	strawberries.
04:17:33:00	04:17:33:00	Mean they make a whole Variety
04:17:33:00	04:17:34:00	of different products that end
04:17:34:00	04:17:35:00	up better on the market.
04:17:35:00	04:17:38:00	Here's our aquaponics project
04:17:38:00	04:17:38:00	that we got started.
04:17:38:00	04:17:41:00	And That's the farmer's market
04:17:41:00	04:17:42:00	that goes on Thursdays every
04:17:42:00	04:17:44:00	Thursday.
04:17:44:00	04:17:45:00	So on.
04:17:45:00	04:17:48:00	This has taken a lot of work To
04:17:48:00	04:17:52:00	develop from having Just four
04:17:52:00	04:17:55:00	employees in 1976 to Today
04:17:55:00	04:17:56:00	having this huge integrated
04:17:56:00	04:17:56:00	food system.
04:17:56:00	04:17:57:00	And it was because those gaming
04:17:57:00	04:18:00:00	dollars Created a cash economy
04:18:00:00	04:18:00:00	where there was none.
04:18:00:00	04:18:04:00	There Was essentially no
04:18:04:00	04:18:05:00	employment and no cash on
04:18:05:00	04:18:08:00	the reservation Prior to that.
04:18:08:00	04:18:08:00	So that's really been our
04:18:08:00	04:18:10:00	success is taking that Money
04:18:10:00	04:18:11:00	and investing it back into our
04:18:11:00	04:18:14:00	people.
04:18:14:00	04:18:16:00	>> So a lot of folks have had
04:18:16:00	04:18:16:00	backyard gardens.
04:18:16:00	04:18:19:00	Ever since we moved to Oneida
04:18:19:00	04:18:20:00	and it was a really great way
04:18:20:00	04:18:22:00	for us to Survive especially
04:18:22:00	04:18:25:00	when the depression came along
04:18:25:00	04:18:26:00	People had to survive and grow
04:18:26:00	04:18:27:00	their own food.
04:18:27:00	04:18:28:00	>> So we still have people that
04:18:28:00	04:18:29:00	Backyard garden in Oneida and
04:18:29:00	04:18:30:00	really small plots.
04:18:30:00	04:18:33:00	And the difficulty Is when
04:18:33:00	04:18:34:00	you're trying to grow corn you
04:18:34:00	04:18:34:00	have to have at least 100 corn
04:18:34:00	04:18:37:00	plants so that they Pollinate
04:18:37:00	04:18:37:00	each other.
04:18:37:00	04:18:38:00	But the raccoons are vicious in
04:18:38:00	04:18:41:00	our community And they will
04:18:41:00	04:18:42:00	come and take your entire plot
04:18:42:00	04:18:42:00	out in one night.
04:18:42:00	04:18:45:00	So We decided that maybe we
04:18:45:00	04:18:46:00	should grow together and go
04:18:46:00	04:18:48:00	back to the old way Growing so
04:18:48:00	04:18:49:00	that we would grow more corn.
04:18:49:00	04:18:50:00	The animals can eat and
04:18:50:00	04:18:52:00	the people can eat too.
04:18:52:00	04:18:56:00	The other Issue with a backyard
04:18:56:00	04:18:57:00	garden is that if you're
04:18:57:00	04:18:57:00	growing in a really small space
04:18:57:00	04:18:59:00	it's really hard To keep your
04:18:59:00	04:18:59:00	soil vital.
04:18:59:00	04:19:02:00	And so we started out With
04:19:02:00	04:19:03:00	doing a white corn and soil
04:19:03:00	04:19:04:00	health workshop just to get
04:19:04:00	04:19:06:00	some an understanding In
04:19:06:00	04:19:07:00	the community about how to
04:19:07:00	04:19:08:00	build that soil back up because
04:19:08:00	04:19:10:00	corn is very Nutrient intensive
04:19:10:00	04:19:10:00	.
04:19:10:00	04:19:11:00	And so we had this little soil
04:19:11:00	04:19:11:00	workshop.
04:19:11:00	04:19:14:00	We were surprised we're over 70
04:19:14:00	04:19:15:00	people showed up from
04:19:15:00	04:19:15:00	the community.
04:19:15:00	04:19:18:00	We sent This mailer out to
04:19:18:00	04:19:19:00	everybody and at the end of
04:19:19:00	04:19:21:00	that presentation We asked if
04:19:21:00	04:19:22:00	anybody was interested in
04:19:22:00	04:19:22:00	growing corn together because
04:19:22:00	04:19:25:00	all of Our backyard plots kept
04:19:25:00	04:19:26:00	getting wiped out and 10
04:19:26:00	04:19:29:00	families stayed And that was
04:19:29:00	04:19:30:00	the beginning of oh hey look.
04:19:30:00	04:19:31:00	Which means among the corn
04:19:31:00	04:19:32:00	stocks Which is our
04:19:32:00	04:19:32:00	cooperative.
04:19:32:00	04:19:36:00	>> So my husband And I were at
04:19:36:00	04:19:37:00	the gas station one day and
04:19:37:00	04:19:40:00	Bill Reward who runs For each
04:19:40:00	04:19:41:00	program in our community said
04:19:41:00	04:19:43:00	hey, I heard you're getting
04:19:43:00	04:19:43:00	Some community members together
04:19:43:00	04:19:44:00	to grow some corn and we'd
04:19:44:00	04:19:47:00	really like to Offer some land
04:19:47:00	04:19:48:00	for you to use.
04:19:48:00	04:19:49:00	And we were so excited because
04:19:49:00	04:19:51:00	we had no Land to grow on.
04:19:51:00	04:19:51:00	And he just solved a huge
04:19:51:00	04:19:54:00	problem that our group had So
04:19:54:00	04:19:58:00	we were able to get together As
04:19:58:00	04:19:59:00	a group and really just figure
04:19:59:00	04:20:00:00	out how are we going to grow
04:20:00:00	04:20:00:00	corn.
04:20:00:00	04:20:02:00	>> So Our first meeting was in
04:20:02:00	04:20:03:00	March and we were planting in
04:20:03:00	04:20:03:00	May.
04:20:03:00	04:20:06:00	We had to get a tractor.
04:20:06:00	04:20:07:00	We had to get a plow.
04:20:07:00	04:20:08:00	We had to get seeds.
04:20:08:00	04:20:09:00	We had to all of these
04:20:09:00	04:20:09:00	logistical Things before we
04:20:09:00	04:20:10:00	could plant and we pulled it
04:20:10:00	04:20:10:00	off.
04:20:10:00	04:20:11:00	And we're very strong Group to
04:20:11:00	04:20:15:00	this day.
04:20:15:00	04:20:16:00	So we quickly outgrew that
04:20:16:00	04:20:20:00	first Plot of land and we're
04:20:20:00	04:20:20:00	looking around the nation for
04:20:20:00	04:20:21:00	some more land.
04:20:21:00	04:20:23:00	We went To the United Land
04:20:23:00	04:20:24:00	Commission and we asked them if
04:20:24:00	04:20:26:00	they had any more land for And
04:20:26:00	04:20:27:00	they said well yeah but you
04:20:27:00	04:20:28:00	have to enter in the bidding
04:20:28:00	04:20:30:00	process just like everyone Else
04:20:30:00	04:20:30:00	.
04:20:30:00	04:20:31:00	We have thousands of acres of
04:20:31:00	04:20:34:00	land that get leased out to
04:20:34:00	04:20:34:00	Farmers every year.
04:20:34:00	04:20:35:00	The bidding starts at 150 an
04:20:35:00	04:20:38:00	acre and We were thinking we
04:20:38:00	04:20:38:00	don't have one hundred fifty
04:20:38:00	04:20:39:00	dollars an acre every year and
04:20:39:00	04:20:41:00	we're not even Gonna sell
04:20:41:00	04:20:42:00	the corn so we're not going to
04:20:42:00	04:20:45:00	make any money to pay That 150.
04:20:45:00	04:20:45:00	And once we explained that we
04:20:45:00	04:20:48:00	were a community group and that
04:20:48:00	04:20:49:00	We were growing for
04:20:49:00	04:20:49:00	the community, they completely
04:20:49:00	04:20:50:00	changed their story.
04:20:50:00	04:20:53:00	They allowed Us access to
04:20:53:00	04:20:55:00	another 18 acres and that's
04:20:55:00	04:20:56:00	We've been growing on as well.
04:20:56:00	04:20:57:00	So we have two different plots.
04:20:57:00	04:21:00:00	And they completely change
04:21:00:00	04:21:03:00	the laws of land access.
04:21:03:00	04:21:04:00	So if you are a community group
04:21:04:00	04:21:05:00	you're growing traditional
04:21:05:00	04:21:07:00	foods you can Access land at
04:21:07:00	04:21:09:00	night for free now.
04:21:09:00	04:21:11:00	>> So the first we we've
04:21:11:00	04:21:14:00	written Many grants together
04:21:14:00	04:21:15:00	and the first grant that we
04:21:15:00	04:21:17:00	wrote together was a Sara Grant
04:21:17:00	04:21:18:00	And what we wanted to do was a
04:21:18:00	04:21:21:00	modern application of A
04:21:21:00	04:21:21:00	traditional fertilizer.
04:21:21:00	04:21:25:00	>> So when we Were living in
04:21:25:00	04:21:26:00	village life and we did
04:21:26:00	04:21:28:00	the Three Sisters Mound system
04:21:28:00	04:21:29:00	, the corn would be planted on
04:21:29:00	04:21:30:00	top of a fish that's buried
04:21:30:00	04:21:33:00	underground And we wanted to
04:21:33:00	04:21:34:00	replicate that but we couldn't
04:21:34:00	04:21:35:00	figure out how to get the fish
04:21:35:00	04:21:36:00	Into the ground because we knew
04:21:36:00	04:21:37:00	the raccoons would come back
04:21:37:00	04:21:40:00	and take out the fish.
04:21:40:00	04:21:41:00	So we came up with an idea to
04:21:41:00	04:21:44:00	use fish emulsion instead.
04:21:44:00	04:21:47:00	So we got a lot of big 500
04:21:47:00	04:21:48:00	Gallon sprayer and we put five
04:21:48:00	04:21:49:00	gallons efficient ocean and we
04:21:49:00	04:21:52:00	fill it up with water And we
04:21:52:00	04:21:53:00	just sprayed the fish mulch and
04:21:53:00	04:21:55:00	right onto the corn and I can
04:21:55:00	04:21:55:00	Tell you from the backyard
04:21:55:00	04:21:59:00	demonstrations that we did In
04:21:59:00	04:22:00:00	the health of the corn and when
04:22:00:00	04:22:01:00	we did the demonstration in
04:22:01:00	04:22:03:00	the field We left some of
04:22:03:00	04:22:04:00	the corn, didn't get any fish
04:22:04:00	04:22:04:00	emulsion.
04:22:04:00	04:22:06:00	>> The corn that Got the fish
04:22:06:00	04:22:07:00	she was tall.
04:22:07:00	04:22:10:00	The stocks were dark green,
04:22:10:00	04:22:11:00	the leaves were dark green and
04:22:11:00	04:22:12:00	the cubs were really big and
04:22:12:00	04:22:14:00	where the Corn did not get that
04:22:14:00	04:22:15:00	extra fertilizer they were
04:22:15:00	04:22:17:00	light green And spindly and a
04:22:17:00	04:22:18:00	lot of them didn't even throw a
04:22:18:00	04:22:18:00	Cobb.
04:22:18:00	04:22:21:00	So when a corn plant Is about
04:22:21:00	04:22:22:00	this big it sends us little
04:22:22:00	04:22:25:00	feelers out and it tries to
04:22:25:00	04:22:25:00	Figure out how many nutrients
04:22:25:00	04:22:26:00	are around it, decide if it's
04:22:26:00	04:22:28:00	even going to throw a carb or
04:22:28:00	04:22:28:00	Not.
04:22:28:00	04:22:29:00	>> And then even if it doesn't
04:22:29:00	04:22:30:00	make a cub it's still doing its
04:22:30:00	04:22:32:00	duty Because it makes
04:22:32:00	04:22:33:00	the pollen that another corn
04:22:33:00	04:22:39:00	plant will need.
04:22:39:00	04:22:40:00	So we had a lot of success that
04:22:40:00	04:22:41:00	first year we grew the three
04:22:41:00	04:22:43:00	acres.
04:22:43:00	04:22:44:00	It's really hard for animals to
04:22:44:00	04:22:44:00	wipe out three entire acres so
04:22:44:00	04:22:46:00	we got a good Harvest
04:22:46:00	04:22:47:00	the following year we planted
04:22:47:00	04:22:47:00	six acres.
04:22:47:00	04:22:51:00	We got Way in over our head and
04:22:51:00	04:22:51:00	then we had to go hand harvest
04:22:51:00	04:22:54:00	that six acres.
04:22:54:00	04:22:55:00	So it took a lot of a lot of
04:22:55:00	04:22:58:00	hard work From everybody to go
04:22:58:00	04:22:58:00	out there and do that.
04:22:58:00	04:22:59:00	And now we're back down to four
04:22:59:00	04:23:01:00	acres.
04:23:01:00	04:23:02:00	So this is us out there weeding
04:23:02:00	04:23:05:00	in our Little field we hand
04:23:05:00	04:23:08:00	weed after it's to do with Corn
04:23:08:00	04:23:09:00	is too tall to cultivate.
04:23:09:00	04:23:12:00	And so we initially Set it up.
04:23:12:00	04:23:13:00	We said okay, everybody go out
04:23:13:00	04:23:15:00	and weed the field and then you
04:23:15:00	04:23:16:00	Walk out there and there's 90
04:23:16:00	04:23:17:00	rows of corn and you're like
04:23:17:00	04:23:19:00	where do I even start?
04:23:19:00	04:23:20:00	So then we decided OK,
04:23:20:00	04:23:21:00	everybody gets to adopt a
04:23:21:00	04:23:23:00	couple Rows.
04:23:23:00	04:23:24:00	You go there you see a little
04:23:24:00	04:23:25:00	nametag on the row.
04:23:25:00	04:23:26:00	You know that's The one you're
04:23:26:00	04:23:27:00	supposed to go out and weeds.
04:23:27:00	04:23:28:00	So that was really successful.
04:23:28:00	04:23:30:00	We had an extremely Clean field
04:23:30:00	04:23:31:00	and integrated pest management
04:23:31:00	04:23:34:00	person came out to look At our
04:23:34:00	04:23:35:00	field.
04:23:35:00	04:23:35:00	He had never seen a cleaner
04:23:35:00	04:23:36:00	cornfield in his life.
04:23:36:00	04:23:38:00	So We put a lot of hard work in
04:23:38:00	04:23:39:00	that year we harvested 10000
04:23:39:00	04:23:41:00	pounds of corn.
04:23:41:00	04:23:42:00	This is a little joke that we
04:23:42:00	04:23:45:00	have that There is no child
04:23:45:00	04:23:45:00	labor.
04:23:45:00	04:23:46:00	>> It's just passing on
04:23:46:00	04:23:46:00	traditions.
04:23:46:00	04:23:49:00	>> So This is Delilah.
04:23:49:00	04:23:50:00	She's out there helping us pick
04:23:50:00	04:23:52:00	the stones out of the field.
04:23:52:00	04:23:53:00	>> This is how we spray
04:23:53:00	04:23:54:00	the fisher motion with
04:23:54:00	04:23:57:00	the tractor And tank and then
04:23:57:00	04:23:59:00	mom.
04:23:59:00	04:24:01:00	>> So this is a example of a
04:24:01:00	04:24:03:00	really good year where Mother
04:24:03:00	04:24:04:00	Nature is agreeing with us.
04:24:04:00	04:24:05:00	The animals are agreeing with
04:24:05:00	04:24:05:00	us.
04:24:05:00	04:24:07:00	We have enough nutrients in
04:24:07:00	04:24:08:00	the ground and the corn stalks
04:24:08:00	04:24:11:00	are About 16 feet tall.
04:24:11:00	04:24:12:00	>> That's my husband standing
04:24:12:00	04:24:15:00	next to them with a ruler.
04:24:15:00	04:24:15:00	We have friends in Mexico.
04:24:15:00	04:24:16:00	So we have to show off about
04:24:16:00	04:24:18:00	how much corn that we grow
04:24:18:00	04:24:19:00	Every year.
04:24:19:00	04:24:20:00	Some of the cobs head for our
04:24:20:00	04:24:22:00	soft stalks For cobs on them
04:24:22:00	04:24:23:00	which is really unusual.
04:24:23:00	04:24:24:00	Usually they only have one cob
04:24:24:00	04:24:25:00	on them.
04:24:25:00	04:24:27:00	People ask us how come we don't
04:24:27:00	04:24:30:00	use a combine because Our corn
04:24:30:00	04:24:30:00	is heirloom variety open
04:24:30:00	04:24:30:00	pollinated.
04:24:30:00	04:24:34:00	So that means That corn can
04:24:34:00	04:24:36:00	throw a cob at any height
04:24:36:00	04:24:37:00	Wherever she wants to put it is
04:24:37:00	04:24:38:00	where it goes.
04:24:38:00	04:24:41:00	So when you drive Down
04:24:41:00	04:24:41:00	the highway and you see
04:24:41:00	04:24:44:00	the fields of corn that maybe
04:24:44:00	04:24:45:00	Genetically modified or maybe a
04:24:45:00	04:24:48:00	hybrid variety all Those carbs
04:24:48:00	04:24:49:00	or saluting you at the same
04:24:49:00	04:24:50:00	height all the way down
04:24:50:00	04:24:52:00	the field So that machinery can
04:24:52:00	04:24:53:00	come through and collect that
04:24:53:00	04:24:53:00	really easily.
04:24:53:00	04:24:55:00	Our cordons Soft when it gets
04:24:55:00	04:24:56:00	picked.
04:24:56:00	04:24:57:00	So if you put a machine on it,
04:24:57:00	04:24:59:00	it's going to crush the Kernels
04:24:59:00	04:24:59:00	.
04:24:59:00	04:25:00:00	It has a very high moisture
04:25:00:00	04:25:00:00	rate.
04:25:00:00	04:25:02:00	It's about 50 percent moisture
04:25:02:00	04:25:03:00	Coming off of the field.
04:25:03:00	04:25:06:00	So we really have to Do things
04:25:06:00	04:25:07:00	with traditional foods,
04:25:07:00	04:25:07:00	the traditional ways if you
04:25:07:00	04:25:10:00	want to have success With
04:25:10:00	04:25:10:00	Harvest.
04:25:10:00	04:25:11:00	>> So we can't put this in a
04:25:11:00	04:25:14:00	corn crib and we can't Put it
04:25:14:00	04:25:14:00	in a dryer.
04:25:14:00	04:25:15:00	We have to follow our
04:25:15:00	04:25:17:00	traditional ways.
04:25:17:00	04:25:21:00	>> Here's Some pictures of us
04:25:21:00	04:25:21:00	harvesting.
04:25:21:00	04:25:24:00	We put about 75 percent of our
04:25:24:00	04:25:25:00	Time in the years in this or
04:25:25:00	04:25:25:00	one month of harvesting.
04:25:25:00	04:25:28:00	So We hand harvest everything
04:25:28:00	04:25:29:00	we loaded up in our baskets,
04:25:29:00	04:25:32:00	put it in The truck and I bring
04:25:32:00	04:25:33:00	it back to the barn.
04:25:33:00	04:25:34:00	That's where we husk it.
04:25:34:00	04:25:36:00	You have to Get the same day.
04:25:36:00	04:25:36:00	It's so wet.
04:25:36:00	04:25:37:00	If you don't then it all molds
04:25:37:00	04:25:39:00	and then All that work for
04:25:39:00	04:25:40:00	nothing.
04:25:40:00	04:25:40:00	So we husk it all.
04:25:40:00	04:25:43:00	We lay it All out and then we
04:25:43:00	04:25:43:00	get to breeding and we breed.
04:25:43:00	04:25:47:00	Sometimes 65 calves on a braid.
04:25:47:00	04:25:50:00	This year we had a really bad
04:25:50:00	04:25:51:00	Harvest because of all the rain
04:25:51:00	04:25:53:00	so we only did 35 35 cobs.
04:25:53:00	04:25:54:00	>> Our yield went from ten
04:25:54:00	04:25:58:00	thousand pounds Of corn down to
04:25:58:00	04:25:58:00	1000 pounds.
04:25:58:00	04:26:02:00	>> So we Took a gigantic step
04:26:02:00	04:26:02:00	backwards.
04:26:02:00	04:26:03:00	So we have to figure out how to
04:26:03:00	04:26:05:00	work With all this water.
04:26:05:00	04:26:06:00	And our group is trying to
04:26:06:00	04:26:08:00	figure out if we should go back
04:26:08:00	04:26:09:00	To the mound system and make a
04:26:09:00	04:26:13:00	mound about Six feet round and
04:26:13:00	04:26:16:00	maybe a foot and a half tall So
04:26:16:00	04:26:17:00	that the corn can still grow.
04:26:17:00	04:26:20:00	But the water won't be invading
04:26:20:00	04:26:20:00	The fields.
04:26:20:00	04:26:21:00	We had a really hard time even
04:26:21:00	04:26:23:00	getting into the fields This
04:26:23:00	04:26:24:00	year my husband broke the axle
04:26:24:00	04:26:27:00	on his truck twice trying To
04:26:27:00	04:26:27:00	get back there.
04:26:27:00	04:26:31:00	So we just have To work with
04:26:31:00	04:26:32:00	what we have.
04:26:32:00	04:26:33:00	>> And a lot of the farmers in
04:26:33:00	04:26:35:00	Wisconsin Had the same problem.
04:26:35:00	04:26:36:00	All I think all the hemp fields
04:26:36:00	04:26:38:00	failed this year because It was
04:26:38:00	04:26:39:00	too much moisture.
04:26:39:00	04:26:41:00	So knowing what we know about
04:26:41:00	04:26:42:00	the Water, you know we have 43
04:26:42:00	04:26:43:00	inches of rain snow last year.
04:26:43:00	04:26:46:00	They're expecting To beat that
04:26:46:00	04:26:46:00	this year.
04:26:46:00	04:26:49:00	We have to be flexible And we
04:26:49:00	04:26:50:00	have to be able to work with
04:26:50:00	04:26:52:00	what we have.
04:26:52:00	04:26:54:00	>> So this is an example of a
04:26:54:00	04:26:54:00	cornbread.
04:26:54:00	04:26:57:00	>> You can see This is one of
04:26:57:00	04:26:58:00	our good years are nice and
04:26:58:00	04:26:58:00	long and beautiful.
04:26:58:00	04:27:01:00	The cornbread from our first
04:27:01:00	04:27:04:00	year were pretty sad but you
04:27:04:00	04:27:05:00	Know, if we give it the right
04:27:05:00	04:27:06:00	love and we take care of her
04:27:06:00	04:27:07:00	the right way, she should
04:27:07:00	04:27:08:00	definitely Return the favor.
04:27:08:00	04:27:09:00	And so when we're going through
04:27:09:00	04:27:12:00	and Asking and handling all of
04:27:12:00	04:27:15:00	these carbs individually, we're
04:27:15:00	04:27:15:00	selecting out the seeds.
04:27:15:00	04:27:16:00	So this is a really good
04:27:16:00	04:27:19:00	example of a seed Cob.
04:27:19:00	04:27:19:00	It's that nice straight rows
04:27:19:00	04:27:22:00	it's got eight rows.
04:27:22:00	04:27:23:00	There's no dance.
04:27:23:00	04:27:24:00	There's no discoloration or
04:27:24:00	04:27:24:00	anything like that.
04:27:24:00	04:27:26:00	We store these seeds in jars in
04:27:26:00	04:27:27:00	different people's houses all
04:27:27:00	04:27:30:00	over the community So that if a
04:27:30:00	04:27:30:00	catastrophe happens there's
04:27:30:00	04:27:34:00	some redundancy there.
04:27:34:00	04:27:35:00	And then we also make sure we
04:27:35:00	04:27:38:00	put the year on air because
04:27:38:00	04:27:39:00	Seeds become more resilient.
04:27:39:00	04:27:40:00	If you stress then they Become
04:27:40:00	04:27:41:00	more resilient.
04:27:41:00	04:27:42:00	So the seeds from this year who
04:27:42:00	04:27:45:00	made it through all that Rain,
04:27:45:00	04:27:45:00	they're going to be more
04:27:45:00	04:27:46:00	resistant to rain the next
04:27:46:00	04:27:46:00	couple of years.
04:27:46:00	04:27:48:00	So we're Making sure that we're
04:27:48:00	04:27:49:00	making those good records so
04:27:49:00	04:27:51:00	that we know which seeds Are
04:27:51:00	04:27:52:00	able to deal with different
04:27:52:00	04:27:55:00	conditions.
04:27:55:00	04:27:56:00	>> So it's not all just work.
04:27:56:00	04:27:59:00	We also use the Corn husks to
04:27:59:00	04:27:59:00	make crafting items.
04:27:59:00	04:28:00:00	We make corn hostels.
04:28:00:00	04:28:03:00	We make moccasins from the corn
04:28:03:00	04:28:03:00	husks.
04:28:03:00	04:28:05:00	We make masks for ceremonies
04:28:05:00	04:28:06:00	And mats for the longhouse.
04:28:06:00	04:28:10:00	>> Everything Is really
04:28:10:00	04:28:11:00	important for us to teach
04:28:11:00	04:28:11:00	the youth that are working with
04:28:11:00	04:28:12:00	us.
04:28:12:00	04:28:14:00	This year Lee and I wrote
04:28:14:00	04:28:15:00	another grant through
04:28:15:00	04:28:15:00	the Native American Agriculture
04:28:15:00	04:28:18:00	Fund And we'll be working with
04:28:18:00	04:28:19:00	youth in our community to teach
04:28:19:00	04:28:21:00	them not only how To grow
04:28:21:00	04:28:22:00	the corn and care for it but
04:28:22:00	04:28:23:00	how to cook it as well.
04:28:23:00	04:28:25:00	So when I meet with the Kids
04:28:25:00	04:28:26:00	this this last couple of weeks
04:28:26:00	04:28:26:00	I've been meeting with all
04:28:26:00	04:28:29:00	the youth groups Bring a bag of
04:28:29:00	04:28:30:00	shelled corn and a bag of
04:28:30:00	04:28:33:00	hardwood Ashes and I say, you
04:28:33:00	04:28:34:00	know, if I give you these, what
04:28:34:00	04:28:34:00	are you going to do with them?
04:28:34:00	04:28:36:00	And they always Tell me I'm
04:28:36:00	04:28:37:00	going to give them to my
04:28:37:00	04:28:38:00	grandma because grandma knows
04:28:38:00	04:28:40:00	how to cook the corn The old
04:28:40:00	04:28:40:00	way.
04:28:40:00	04:28:41:00	And I said when you're done
04:28:41:00	04:28:42:00	with the end of this year
04:28:42:00	04:28:44:00	you're Going to be able to cook
04:28:44:00	04:28:47:00	for your grandma.
04:28:47:00	04:28:47:00	>> Okay.
04:28:47:00	04:28:51:00	So Right about January February
04:28:51:00	04:28:55:00	we start checking The moisture
04:28:55:00	04:28:56:00	, make sure the moisture is
04:28:56:00	04:28:56:00	down so it's ready for storage
04:28:56:00	04:28:58:00	so we don't have Any of those
04:28:58:00	04:28:59:00	mold issues.
04:28:59:00	04:29:00:00	We want to get it down to 11
04:29:00:00	04:29:03:00	percent And then we weigh all
04:29:03:00	04:29:03:00	the breads and then we start
04:29:03:00	04:29:06:00	talking about distribution And
04:29:06:00	04:29:07:00	so are this cooperative of
04:29:07:00	04:29:07:00	people.
04:29:07:00	04:29:08:00	Everybody kind of puts in
04:29:08:00	04:29:10:00	different amounts Of effort and
04:29:10:00	04:29:11:00	then we also have the community
04:29:11:00	04:29:11:00	to think about.
04:29:11:00	04:29:13:00	So every year We decide
04:29:13:00	04:29:14:00	together how to distribute that
04:29:14:00	04:29:16:00	corn amongst ourselves and then
04:29:16:00	04:29:17:00	Also provide it to
04:29:17:00	04:29:20:00	the community.
04:29:20:00	04:29:21:00	So this is the corn all dried
04:29:21:00	04:29:21:00	up.
04:29:21:00	04:29:24:00	Then we shell it.
04:29:24:00	04:29:25:00	Then we went to it and then
04:29:25:00	04:29:26:00	it's ready for cooking.
04:29:26:00	04:29:26:00	So this is like the slowest
04:29:26:00	04:29:27:00	Food ever.
04:29:27:00	04:29:31:00	You boil the corn with hardwood
04:29:31:00	04:29:34:00	ashes to next Analyze it and
04:29:34:00	04:29:35:00	that takes off the whole.
04:29:35:00	04:29:36:00	And also fortifies it with
04:29:36:00	04:29:38:00	niacin Down south.
04:29:38:00	04:29:39:00	They would use call for
04:29:39:00	04:29:39:00	the same process, the same
04:29:39:00	04:29:42:00	technology Stretches across
04:29:42:00	04:29:43:00	the Americas and to cook a
04:29:43:00	04:29:45:00	flint corn to be To eat.
04:29:45:00	04:29:46:00	So once it's in that cooked
04:29:46:00	04:29:55:00	then you can put it into For
04:29:55:00	04:29:56:00	long term storage so we have a
04:29:56:00	04:29:57:00	cannery that has Commercial
04:29:57:00	04:29:58:00	grade dehydrate areas and we
04:29:58:00	04:30:01:00	can do 80 pounds of corn In one
04:30:01:00	04:30:02:00	day and get it in and dehydrate
04:30:02:00	04:30:03:00	it all night.
04:30:03:00	04:30:05:00	And then when I put it in
04:30:05:00	04:30:06:00	the jar to store it, it's it's
04:30:06:00	04:30:06:00	good for indefinitely.
04:30:06:00	04:30:09:00	You can use it For a really
04:30:09:00	04:30:09:00	long time.
04:30:09:00	04:30:12:00	So we use the corn on a variety
04:30:12:00	04:30:13:00	Of ways.
04:30:13:00	04:30:14:00	I'm going to show you the next
04:30:14:00	04:30:14:00	slide.
04:30:14:00	04:30:15:00	So at the top looks like to
04:30:15:00	04:30:16:00	Molly's.
04:30:16:00	04:30:16:00	And those are actually wedding
04:30:16:00	04:30:17:00	cakes.
04:30:17:00	04:30:19:00	One of the group members Got
04:30:19:00	04:30:20:00	married and that's a white corn
04:30:20:00	04:30:21:00	mix with strawberries and it's
04:30:21:00	04:30:23:00	boiled.
04:30:23:00	04:30:24:00	It's very delicious.
04:30:24:00	04:30:25:00	It's like a strawberry to
04:30:25:00	04:30:25:00	Molly.
04:30:25:00	04:30:27:00	If you could think of that Next
04:30:27:00	04:30:27:00	to that is something called
04:30:27:00	04:30:28:00	corn mush.
04:30:28:00	04:30:29:00	>> You take the corn and you
04:30:29:00	04:30:31:00	put On a cookie sheet and you
04:30:31:00	04:30:32:00	bake it in the oven at 250 for
04:30:32:00	04:30:34:00	30 minutes and then you Grind
04:30:34:00	04:30:35:00	it up and you cook it kind of
04:30:35:00	04:30:35:00	like oatmeal, put it in some
04:30:35:00	04:30:38:00	boiling water and stirred Up a
04:30:38:00	04:30:38:00	lot of fruit to it.
04:30:38:00	04:30:39:00	You can put nuts and maple
04:30:39:00	04:30:42:00	sirup and it's delicious And we
04:30:42:00	04:30:43:00	also make a flower out of
04:30:43:00	04:30:43:00	the hold corn and we can make
04:30:43:00	04:30:45:00	that to make Banana bread.
04:30:45:00	04:30:46:00	Then you have some corn soup
04:30:46:00	04:30:49:00	with the beans And the pork
04:30:49:00	04:30:50:00	meat or you can use smoked
04:30:50:00	04:30:53:00	turkey When you eat the corn
04:30:53:00	04:30:54:00	and the beans and the squash
04:30:54:00	04:30:54:00	together you're making a
04:30:54:00	04:30:57:00	perfect protein, you're getting
04:30:57:00	04:30:58:00	the good amino acids that you
04:30:58:00	04:30:58:00	need for your body.
04:30:58:00	04:31:00:00	We've also Came up with a corn
04:31:00:00	04:31:01:00	fritter recipe.
04:31:01:00	04:31:04:00	And then in the bags Some like
04:31:04:00	04:31:05:00	corn dumplings that you could
04:31:05:00	04:31:08:00	use in soup.
04:31:08:00	04:31:09:00	>> So on the rez
04:31:09:00	04:31:11:00	the reservation My mom's corn
04:31:11:00	04:31:12:00	bread and corn soup is famous
04:31:12:00	04:31:15:00	and people Ask her for
04:31:15:00	04:31:16:00	the recipe and she used to just
04:31:16:00	04:31:19:00	write down the ingredients And
04:31:19:00	04:31:20:00	now when people ask her for
04:31:20:00	04:31:20:00	the recipe she says well first
04:31:20:00	04:31:23:00	you have to plant A seed.
04:31:23:00	04:31:24:00	>> So it's changed our
04:31:24:00	04:31:26:00	relationship Beyond just a bowl
04:31:26:00	04:31:27:00	of food to all of those
04:31:27:00	04:31:30:00	processes That we have in our
04:31:30:00	04:31:31:00	ceremonies and our teachings.
04:31:31:00	04:31:32:00	>> We're now we're carrying
04:31:32:00	04:31:34:00	them out And so our spiritual
04:31:34:00	04:31:35:00	relationship with the corn is
04:31:35:00	04:31:38:00	that much stronger.
04:31:38:00	04:31:39:00	>> So this is our lovely friend
04:31:39:00	04:31:42:00	Twilight And she we rent our
04:31:42:00	04:31:43:00	barn from her and this is some
04:31:43:00	04:31:45:00	beadwork That we all made
04:31:45:00	04:31:46:00	collectively all evening had
04:31:46:00	04:31:47:00	all of the men put a few
04:31:47:00	04:31:49:00	stitches On this project.
04:31:49:00	04:31:53:00	So these are cuffs in a collar
04:31:53:00	04:31:53:00	.
04:31:53:00	04:31:54:00	So we're recreating trade where
04:31:54:00	04:31:57:00	bartering with each Other and
04:31:57:00	04:31:58:00	we're meeting each other's
04:31:58:00	04:31:58:00	needs with the gifts that we
04:31:58:00	04:31:58:00	have.
04:31:58:00	04:32:05:00	>> So beyond our own community
04:32:05:00	04:32:05:00	even we've been participating
04:32:05:00	04:32:07:00	in something called breeding
04:32:07:00	04:32:08:00	Sacred which I have the honor
04:32:08:00	04:32:09:00	of being on there coordinating
04:32:09:00	04:32:11:00	committee And basically it's
04:32:11:00	04:32:12:00	just gatherings of native corn
04:32:12:00	04:32:15:00	growers in this picture Down in
04:32:15:00	04:32:16:00	Black River Falls with
04:32:16:00	04:32:16:00	the whole chunk.
04:32:16:00	04:32:17:00	And so there's a whole young
04:32:17:00	04:32:19:00	people There's Ojibwe people
04:32:19:00	04:32:19:00	there, there's Oneida people
04:32:19:00	04:32:19:00	there.
04:32:19:00	04:32:22:00	There must have been, you know,
04:32:22:00	04:32:23:00	10 or 20 different tribes
04:32:23:00	04:32:23:00	represented.
04:32:23:00	04:32:26:00	We showed them how we breed Our
04:32:26:00	04:32:26:00	corn.
04:32:26:00	04:32:27:00	They showed us how they cook
04:32:27:00	04:32:28:00	their corn in a pit
04:32:28:00	04:32:28:00	underground.
04:32:28:00	04:32:30:00	We had all kinds of different
04:32:30:00	04:32:30:00	traditional workshops pop up
04:32:30:00	04:32:33:00	just organically Just by
04:32:33:00	04:32:34:00	getting together and having
04:32:34:00	04:32:35:00	that space to share with each
04:32:35:00	04:32:35:00	other.
04:32:35:00	04:32:38:00	And then in the lower right you
04:32:38:00	04:32:39:00	can see all of the different
04:32:39:00	04:32:39:00	corn.
04:32:39:00	04:32:40:00	So that's actually All
04:32:40:00	04:32:41:00	Haudenosaunee corn varieties.
04:32:41:00	04:32:44:00	There's more than 20 Varieties
04:32:44:00	04:32:45:00	of Haudenosaunee Corn.
04:32:45:00	04:32:46:00	We are just growing the white
04:32:46:00	04:32:48:00	corn right now Actually last
04:32:48:00	04:32:49:00	year.
04:32:49:00	04:32:49:00	We tried to grow the calico
04:32:49:00	04:32:51:00	blue and it was really hard
04:32:51:00	04:32:52:00	Because of the rain but we're
04:32:52:00	04:32:53:00	gonna try it again.
04:32:53:00	04:32:56:00	And all of these varieties have
04:32:56:00	04:32:56:00	different purposes.
04:32:56:00	04:33:00:00	They Have different medicinal
04:33:00:00	04:33:02:00	needs for us and we use them At
04:33:02:00	04:33:03:00	different times of the year for
04:33:03:00	04:33:03:00	different ceremonies.
04:33:03:00	04:33:06:00	And so having all These
04:33:06:00	04:33:07:00	varieties maintained is really
04:33:07:00	04:33:09:00	crucial to not just having That
04:33:09:00	04:33:10:00	food but having that spiritual
04:33:10:00	04:33:10:00	connection as well.
04:33:10:00	04:33:14:00	Because if You have a song for
04:33:14:00	04:33:15:00	something but you don't have
04:33:15:00	04:33:15:00	that food anymore, you don't
04:33:15:00	04:33:17:00	have that connection Anymore.
04:33:17:00	04:33:20:00	So the breeding the sacred is
04:33:20:00	04:33:21:00	About bringing the sacredness
04:33:21:00	04:33:21:00	of the people and
04:33:21:00	04:33:22:00	the sacredness of the corn
04:33:22:00	04:33:25:00	together And rebranding that
04:33:25:00	04:33:26:00	and reminding ourselves of that
04:33:26:00	04:33:28:00	relationship.
04:33:28:00	04:33:30:00	>> So I'm sorry one of those
04:33:30:00	04:33:32:00	corns The yellow one is a sweet
04:33:32:00	04:33:33:00	corn but it's not the sweet
04:33:33:00	04:33:34:00	corn that you think you know
04:33:34:00	04:33:36:00	that You get at the farm stand
04:33:36:00	04:33:37:00	or that you can grow in your
04:33:37:00	04:33:37:00	backyard.
04:33:37:00	04:33:39:00	>> It doesn't have the High
04:33:39:00	04:33:40:00	sugar content.
04:33:40:00	04:33:41:00	It's an earlier corn but it is
04:33:41:00	04:33:43:00	our Version of sweet corn.
04:33:43:00	04:33:44:00	So it's the original sweet corn
04:33:44:00	04:33:46:00	and there's also popcorn In
04:33:46:00	04:33:47:00	there and there is a flower
04:33:47:00	04:33:51:00	corn, a flint corn and The last
04:33:51:00	04:33:52:00	one I can think of it dent dent
04:33:52:00	04:33:54:00	corn And they're used in all
04:33:54:00	04:33:58:00	different ways for cooking.
04:33:58:00	04:34:02:00	>> So that's a good example Of
04:34:02:00	04:34:02:00	a grassroots system of working
04:34:02:00	04:34:05:00	with each other.
04:34:05:00	04:34:06:00	These are actual businesses,
04:34:06:00	04:34:07:00	native owned businesses that
04:34:07:00	04:34:10:00	have traditional foods.
04:34:10:00	04:34:11:00	So Mac farms up in Maine they
04:34:11:00	04:34:13:00	do fish and all Kinds of
04:34:13:00	04:34:13:00	different produce.
04:34:13:00	04:34:14:00	We all farms as Seneca.
04:34:14:00	04:34:17:00	One of the other Haudenosaunee
04:34:17:00	04:34:17:00	tribes they have an amazing
04:34:17:00	04:34:20:00	farm project And Turkey has a
04:34:20:00	04:34:21:00	fisheries and wildlife.
04:34:21:00	04:34:21:00	They have a hatchery down
04:34:21:00	04:34:22:00	there.
04:34:22:00	04:34:24:00	Someone else actually Has
04:34:24:00	04:34:24:00	the 10th largest cattle
04:34:24:00	04:34:25:00	operation in the United States.
04:34:25:00	04:34:29:00	Copper Has a bison herd and
04:34:29:00	04:34:29:00	they're the first tribe to have
04:34:29:00	04:34:32:00	their own Processing facility
04:34:32:00	04:34:32:00	and tribal meat inspector.
04:34:32:00	04:34:37:00	So Just to kind of add on a
04:34:37:00	04:34:37:00	layer of policy to this when
04:34:37:00	04:34:39:00	you have Beef and you bring
04:34:39:00	04:34:40:00	that to get slaughtered, you
04:34:40:00	04:34:43:00	can bring that to any USDA
04:34:43:00	04:34:44:00	Facility and you're good to go
04:34:44:00	04:34:44:00	if you want to slaughter a
04:34:44:00	04:34:47:00	bison That's an exotic animal
04:34:47:00	04:34:50:00	which is ironic And you have to
04:34:50:00	04:34:51:00	pay extra money to have a
04:34:51:00	04:34:54:00	special Inspection on that
04:34:54:00	04:34:54:00	exotic animal.
04:34:54:00	04:34:56:00	And so by them having their own
04:34:56:00	04:34:58:00	tribal Food inspector they can
04:34:58:00	04:34:59:00	reduce the costs on that
04:34:59:00	04:35:01:00	processing Lakota popcorn Tonka
04:35:01:00	04:35:06:00	Bar If you have a chance.
04:35:06:00	04:35:07:00	>> Always buy a Tonka bar over
04:35:07:00	04:35:08:00	epic bar.
04:35:08:00	04:35:09:00	That concept was actually taken
04:35:09:00	04:35:10:00	by Whole Foods and turned into
04:35:10:00	04:35:12:00	epic But tankers the original
04:35:12:00	04:35:13:00	and you're supporting Buffalo
04:35:13:00	04:35:16:00	getting back on Indian lands.
04:35:16:00	04:35:17:00	When you buy a tank of our
04:35:17:00	04:35:19:00	sneaker Hills out in California
04:35:19:00	04:35:20:00	has amazing wine and olive oil
04:35:20:00	04:35:23:00	and then salvia Son have your
04:35:23:00	04:35:24:00	call up Don Antonio Autumn also
04:35:24:00	04:35:28:00	grows A lot of different kinds
04:35:28:00	04:35:28:00	of foods.
04:35:28:00	04:35:31:00	So Excuse me I'm getting over
04:35:31:00	04:35:34:00	this.
04:35:34:00	04:35:35:00	>> So this is just a really
04:35:35:00	04:35:39:00	small Sample size of all
04:35:39:00	04:35:42:00	the different tribal farms And
04:35:42:00	04:35:43:00	operations out there.
04:35:43:00	04:35:44:00	>> There's over 570 nations
04:35:44:00	04:35:46:00	just In the US and almost all
04:35:46:00	04:35:47:00	of them have food being
04:35:47:00	04:35:50:00	produced And food for sale.
04:35:50:00	04:35:50:00	That's culturally appropriate.
04:35:50:00	04:35:53:00	So the difference There would
04:35:53:00	04:35:54:00	be our corn is not for sale so
04:35:54:00	04:35:57:00	you won't find our seeds In a
04:35:57:00	04:35:58:00	seed catalog.
04:35:58:00	04:35:59:00	If you do find our seeds in a
04:35:59:00	04:36:02:00	seed catalog You better tell us
04:36:02:00	04:36:02:00	because we've got problems.
04:36:02:00	04:36:05:00	>> So it disappoints me every
04:36:05:00	04:36:06:00	year when I open the Baker
04:36:06:00	04:36:09:00	Creek Seed catalog and I see
04:36:09:00	04:36:12:00	these indigenous seed varieties
04:36:12:00	04:36:12:00	In there.
04:36:12:00	04:36:14:00	>> I don't know how they got in
04:36:14:00	04:36:14:00	there but I know that several
04:36:14:00	04:36:16:00	people Have written open
04:36:16:00	04:36:16:00	letters to them to let them
04:36:16:00	04:36:17:00	know that these are sacred
04:36:17:00	04:36:19:00	foods.
04:36:19:00	04:36:20:00	They're not for sale.
04:36:20:00	04:36:21:00	They're for sharing with each
04:36:21:00	04:36:21:00	other.
04:36:21:00	04:36:24:00	And so when we see those for
04:36:24:00	04:36:25:00	sale that's like seeing our
04:36:25:00	04:36:27:00	children In that catalog.
04:36:27:00	04:36:30:00	It's very hurtful and it's very
04:36:30:00	04:36:30:00	Offensive.
04:36:30:00	04:36:32:00	Now if a tribe wants to sell
04:36:32:00	04:36:34:00	their own seeds, they've got
04:36:34:00	04:36:35:00	Nothing to say about that.
04:36:35:00	04:36:35:00	They're sovereign.
04:36:35:00	04:36:36:00	They can do whatever they want.
04:36:36:00	04:36:37:00	But we would never do that.
04:36:37:00	04:36:39:00	So yeah, I encourage you if
04:36:39:00	04:36:42:00	you're traveling If you're out
04:36:42:00	04:36:45:00	there in the world to look up
04:36:45:00	04:36:46:00	The tribal farms in your area,
04:36:46:00	04:36:47:00	look at the tribal businesses
04:36:47:00	04:36:49:00	in your area And just see
04:36:49:00	04:36:49:00	what's going on.
04:36:49:00	04:36:50:00	>> Because a lot of them have
04:36:50:00	04:36:51:00	tours and a lot of them are
04:36:51:00	04:36:53:00	very Open to having visitors
04:36:53:00	04:36:54:00	come and check them out.
04:36:54:00	04:36:56:00	Spirit Lake Farms is also on
04:36:56:00	04:36:56:00	there.
04:36:56:00	04:37:00:00	My friend Bruce Savage Runs
04:37:00:00	04:37:00:00	that farm and we trade wild
04:37:00:00	04:37:03:00	rice and Corn with him.
04:37:03:00	04:37:04:00	We also trade with our bodies
04:37:04:00	04:37:04:00	up.
04:37:04:00	04:37:07:00	We want to be for wild rice and
04:37:07:00	04:37:10:00	maple sirup and people vinegar
04:37:10:00	04:37:10:00	.
04:37:10:00	04:37:11:00	So we got all kinds of birds
04:37:11:00	04:37:11:00	going on.
04:37:11:00	04:37:14:00	I brought a bunch of corn over
04:37:14:00	04:37:14:00	To your farms and came back
04:37:14:00	04:37:17:00	flew with us our cooler full
04:37:17:00	04:37:18:00	Bison meat.
04:37:18:00	04:37:18:00	So we're rekindling that.
04:37:18:00	04:37:21:00	You Know, as we start to grow
04:37:21:00	04:37:22:00	our own products again we're
04:37:22:00	04:37:24:00	remembering those trade routes
04:37:24:00	04:37:25:00	And remembering those
04:37:25:00	04:37:25:00	relationships and we're making
04:37:25:00	04:37:28:00	sure that that continues.
04:37:28:00	04:37:29:00	>> So funny story about
04:37:29:00	04:37:29:00	the trade roads.
04:37:29:00	04:37:32:00	We were back in the steady
04:37:32:00	04:37:33:00	state and we had trading all
04:37:33:00	04:37:36:00	the way up to Arctic Circle.
04:37:36:00	04:37:37:00	This the story goes that
04:37:37:00	04:37:39:00	somebody Brought back a polar
04:37:39:00	04:37:44:00	bear hide just just won and All
04:37:44:00	04:37:45:00	the ladies wanted to have a
04:37:45:00	04:37:45:00	polar bear.
04:37:45:00	04:37:47:00	>> So the one guy that brought
04:37:47:00	04:37:47:00	back one polar bear hide got in
04:37:47:00	04:37:50:00	a lot of trouble Because
04:37:50:00	04:37:50:00	everybody wanted that.
04:37:50:00	04:37:53:00	>> This is a new Worksheet that
04:37:53:00	04:37:53:00	I found.
04:37:53:00	04:37:54:00	>> It was.
04:37:54:00	04:37:57:00	I can't see The site on it but
04:37:57:00	04:37:58:00	this is new to me and I really
04:37:58:00	04:38:01:00	want encourage people To think
04:38:01:00	04:38:02:00	about this in our community
04:38:02:00	04:38:04:00	eating the white corn Was
04:38:04:00	04:38:05:00	the most relationship that we
04:38:05:00	04:38:05:00	had with it.
04:38:05:00	04:38:08:00	It was only Available during
04:38:08:00	04:38:08:00	holiday time.
04:38:08:00	04:38:12:00	So if it was Thanksgiving Or
04:38:12:00	04:38:13:00	Christmas that was the only
04:38:13:00	04:38:13:00	time that we could eat white
04:38:13:00	04:38:14:00	corn in our community because
04:38:14:00	04:38:15:00	there Wasn't enough to go
04:38:15:00	04:38:16:00	around.
04:38:16:00	04:38:17:00	So what we're doing is we're
04:38:17:00	04:38:19:00	challenging Ourselves to learn
04:38:19:00	04:38:20:00	how to cook it, how to preserve
04:38:20:00	04:38:23:00	it, how to harvest it.
04:38:23:00	04:38:24:00	Tool making and techniques.
04:38:24:00	04:38:27:00	So The further you dove into
04:38:27:00	04:38:30:00	this project, the more you
04:38:30:00	04:38:31:00	Learn and the more knowledge is
04:38:31:00	04:38:31:00	is rekindled.
04:38:31:00	04:38:35:00	So We're all like little puzzle
04:38:35:00	04:38:35:00	pieces.
04:38:35:00	04:38:36:00	And when you put us all
04:38:36:00	04:38:41:00	together.
04:38:41:00	04:38:41:00	Yeah.
04:38:41:00	04:38:42:00	So we wanted to show you here
04:38:42:00	04:38:44:00	that this isn't just About
04:38:44:00	04:38:45:00	eating for us.
04:38:45:00	04:38:46:00	Trust me, we do eat we eat a
04:38:46:00	04:38:49:00	lot But we do it because we're
04:38:49:00	04:38:49:00	preserving a way of life.
04:38:49:00	04:38:52:00	So We're preserving a
04:38:52:00	04:38:53:00	traditional cooking methods and
04:38:53:00	04:38:56:00	those cooking methods Using
04:38:56:00	04:38:57:00	clay pots and using hot stones
04:38:57:00	04:39:00:00	actually embed Nutrients back
04:39:00:00	04:39:00:00	into the food that we might not
04:39:00:00	04:39:01:00	have in our soils because our
04:39:01:00	04:39:04:00	soils Are so sick right now.
04:39:04:00	04:39:05:00	So that's really important for
04:39:05:00	04:39:07:00	us to maintain our Health.
04:39:07:00	04:39:08:00	And then you get into
04:39:08:00	04:39:09:00	preserving and that's thinking
04:39:09:00	04:39:10:00	about the future.
04:39:10:00	04:39:11:00	So in the old way we would have
04:39:11:00	04:39:12:00	these huge underground caches
04:39:12:00	04:39:15:00	lined With birch bark and our
04:39:15:00	04:39:16:00	corn would be dried and put
04:39:16:00	04:39:19:00	into These clay pots with a
04:39:19:00	04:39:19:00	leather covering and they could
04:39:19:00	04:39:21:00	stay down there for Decades.
04:39:21:00	04:39:22:00	And so when we experienced
04:39:22:00	04:39:26:00	catastrophe or We experienced a
04:39:26:00	04:39:26:00	harvest failure we would have
04:39:26:00	04:39:29:00	that food As a backup and it's
04:39:29:00	04:39:30:00	teaching us to have seven years
04:39:30:00	04:39:33:00	of food saved up just In case.
04:39:33:00	04:39:34:00	So we're working towards that
04:39:34:00	04:39:37:00	now and The harvesting which is
04:39:37:00	04:39:37:00	not just about harvesting
04:39:37:00	04:39:40:00	the corn but to harvest
04:39:40:00	04:39:41:00	The corn the traditional way
04:39:41:00	04:39:42:00	you have to have a harvest
04:39:42:00	04:39:44:00	basket and you make a basket
04:39:44:00	04:39:45:00	From the black ash tree.
04:39:45:00	04:39:46:00	And so we're maintaining those
04:39:46:00	04:39:48:00	relationships with Our plant
04:39:48:00	04:39:48:00	relatives as well.
04:39:48:00	04:39:49:00	And then you get into that tool
04:39:49:00	04:39:52:00	making You've got to make that
04:39:52:00	04:39:53:00	basket maybe you're going to
04:39:53:00	04:39:55:00	make a hole from Like a moose
04:39:55:00	04:39:55:00	shoulder.
04:39:55:00	04:39:59:00	You've got to know those Those
04:39:59:00	04:39:59:00	teachings and that's really
04:39:59:00	04:40:03:00	important for youth To kind of
04:40:03:00	04:40:03:00	feel like they're connecting to
04:40:03:00	04:40:04:00	themselves.
04:40:04:00	04:40:06:00	And then you get down To
04:40:06:00	04:40:06:00	the teachings and that's what
04:40:06:00	04:40:07:00	we've been talking about as far
04:40:07:00	04:40:10:00	as our identity And really who
04:40:10:00	04:40:10:00	we are.
04:40:10:00	04:40:11:00	And it's been shown that if you
04:40:11:00	04:40:14:00	connect youth to their Identity
04:40:14:00	04:40:14:00	in Indian country there is a
04:40:14:00	04:40:17:00	suicide trap And they're their
04:40:17:00	04:40:21:00	self-image improves And that's
04:40:21:00	04:40:22:00	crucial when you live in a very
04:40:22:00	04:40:24:00	hard place To have a positive
04:40:24:00	04:40:25:00	self-image of your community
04:40:25:00	04:40:28:00	and to feel connected To your
04:40:28:00	04:40:29:00	identity and to be proud of
04:40:29:00	04:40:29:00	that.
04:40:29:00	04:40:31:00	So that's really what We're
04:40:31:00	04:40:31:00	doing.
04:40:31:00	04:40:32:00	We're growing corn and we're
04:40:32:00	04:40:32:00	eating it.
04:40:32:00	04:40:33:00	But it digs down deep into
04:40:33:00	04:40:35:00	those Teachings and that
04:40:35:00	04:40:38:00	identity.
04:40:38:00	04:40:39:00	>> So this is one whenever
04:40:39:00	04:40:42:00	another one of our little movie
04:40:42:00	04:40:43:00	Stars and we when we get
04:40:43:00	04:40:46:00	together To have a meeting to
04:40:46:00	04:40:47:00	talk about how much corner
04:40:47:00	04:40:49:00	we're going to plant Or how are
04:40:49:00	04:40:50:00	we going to harvest, when are
04:40:50:00	04:40:51:00	we going to start?
04:40:51:00	04:40:52:00	>> Are we going to take green
04:40:52:00	04:40:53:00	corn This year?
04:40:53:00	04:40:54:00	All these issues we have
04:40:54:00	04:40:54:00	consensus decision making which
04:40:54:00	04:40:57:00	goes back to original Teachings
04:40:57:00	04:40:57:00	.
04:40:57:00	04:40:58:00	And we also have a rule that
04:40:58:00	04:40:59:00	you can only bring up an issue
04:40:59:00	04:41:01:00	three times If it doesn't make
04:41:01:00	04:41:02:00	it through by a third time you
04:41:02:00	04:41:04:00	can never bring it up again.
04:41:04:00	04:41:05:00	I highly recommend that
04:41:05:00	04:41:05:00	everyone adopt this because
04:41:05:00	04:41:06:00	it's very, very good at
04:41:06:00	04:41:07:00	settling Issues.
04:41:07:00	04:41:12:00	The impacts were also the land
04:41:12:00	04:41:12:00	access that we talked about
04:41:12:00	04:41:14:00	earlier And changing government
04:41:14:00	04:41:15:00	policy to allow people to have
04:41:15:00	04:41:18:00	access to land to grow
04:41:18:00	04:41:18:00	Community and the spiritual
04:41:18:00	04:41:19:00	connection we talked about
04:41:19:00	04:41:22:00	the mental Health issue.
04:41:22:00	04:41:23:00	>> We talked about that in like
04:41:23:00	04:41:25:00	the most important Thing is
04:41:25:00	04:41:26:00	connecting the youth and
04:41:26:00	04:41:27:00	the elders together in the same
04:41:27:00	04:41:27:00	place at the same time.
04:41:27:00	04:41:30:00	So we have a lot of teenagers
04:41:30:00	04:41:30:00	in our group.
04:41:30:00	04:41:31:00	And you you know, teenagers you
04:41:31:00	04:41:33:00	can't Talk to them.
04:41:33:00	04:41:33:00	They don't listen.
04:41:33:00	04:41:34:00	They don't.
04:41:34:00	04:41:35:00	Their answer is yes and no one.
04:41:35:00	04:41:36:00	That's it.
04:41:36:00	04:41:37:00	But when you get them in a
04:41:37:00	04:41:38:00	circle and you get them
04:41:38:00	04:41:39:00	talking, you can find out
04:41:39:00	04:41:41:00	anything You need from them.
04:41:41:00	04:41:41:00	They will tell on themselves.
04:41:41:00	04:41:42:00	So.
04:41:42:00	04:41:44:00	>> So it's really important
04:41:44:00	04:41:44:00	that we keep the circle going.
04:41:44:00	04:41:48:00	We keep The seasons going, keep
04:41:48:00	04:41:49:00	the talking going and we keep
04:41:49:00	04:41:55:00	the corn growing And Just one
04:41:55:00	04:41:55:00	more thing I want to add onto
04:41:55:00	04:41:56:00	that is that mental health
04:41:56:00	04:41:58:00	aspects of Getting together and
04:41:58:00	04:41:58:00	working together is not
04:41:58:00	04:41:59:00	something that we get to do
04:41:59:00	04:42:02:00	very Often especially on
04:42:02:00	04:42:02:00	something that is a total
04:42:02:00	04:42:06:00	passion project And then you
04:42:06:00	04:42:06:00	add on the spiritual side of
04:42:06:00	04:42:07:00	that and you add on your
04:42:07:00	04:42:09:00	community side of That.
04:42:09:00	04:42:10:00	It's really improved the mental
04:42:10:00	04:42:11:00	health of some people in our
04:42:11:00	04:42:13:00	group because That loneliness
04:42:13:00	04:42:13:00	factor comes out when you know
04:42:13:00	04:42:14:00	you have a group that you're
04:42:14:00	04:42:17:00	working with That you're part
04:42:17:00	04:42:17:00	of.
04:42:17:00	04:42:18:00	>> And then a spiritual
04:42:18:00	04:42:20:00	connection has improved for
04:42:20:00	04:42:21:00	People who never went to
04:42:21:00	04:42:21:00	ceremonies before working.
04:42:21:00	04:42:24:00	Working with the corn And now
04:42:24:00	04:42:24:00	understand everything that they
04:42:24:00	04:42:27:00	were seeing and ceremonies Now
04:42:27:00	04:42:28:00	makes sense.
04:42:28:00	04:42:29:00	So they see the value in going
04:42:29:00	04:42:31:00	back to those traditional Ways
04:42:31:00	04:42:32:00	and that's really awesome to
04:42:32:00	04:42:33:00	see in their community.
04:42:33:00	04:42:36:00	>> Also growing Corn is a great
04:42:36:00	04:42:36:00	equalizer.
04:42:36:00	04:42:37:00	So we have elected officials
04:42:37:00	04:42:39:00	that are in our group And
04:42:39:00	04:42:40:00	they're not any more special
04:42:40:00	04:42:41:00	than anyone else that's in
04:42:41:00	04:42:41:00	the group.
04:42:41:00	04:42:43:00	They have to work just As hard
04:42:43:00	04:42:43:00	as we do.
04:42:43:00	04:42:44:00	So there isn't a hierarchy.
04:42:44:00	04:42:46:00	We are all equal.
04:42:46:00	04:42:47:00	And when we get together to
04:42:47:00	04:42:48:00	harvest nobody tells you what
04:42:48:00	04:42:49:00	to do.
04:42:49:00	04:42:51:00	You just jump in and do the job
04:42:51:00	04:42:51:00	that makes you happy.
04:42:51:00	04:42:54:00	So we have one guy who Just
04:42:54:00	04:42:54:00	cannot sit still and husk.
04:42:54:00	04:42:55:00	So he goes round and empties
04:42:55:00	04:42:58:00	out all the bins When people
04:42:58:00	04:42:59:00	are filling up their bins with
04:42:59:00	04:43:01:00	either corn or corn husks and
04:43:01:00	04:43:02:00	There's another person who can
04:43:02:00	04:43:02:00	breed like nobody's business.
04:43:02:00	04:43:05:00	So you'll find The thing that
04:43:05:00	04:43:06:00	really makes you happy and
04:43:06:00	04:43:06:00	that's the thing you focus on.
04:43:06:00	04:43:09:00	We have people Great teachers
04:43:09:00	04:43:09:00	and they teach when they're
04:43:09:00	04:43:12:00	there and It's just really a
04:43:12:00	04:43:13:00	great place to be.
04:43:13:00	04:43:20:00	>> So The other impact that
04:43:20:00	04:43:21:00	this traditional foods have is
04:43:21:00	04:43:23:00	there's Actually been a lot of
04:43:23:00	04:43:24:00	studies recently about this in
04:43:24:00	04:43:27:00	different places, some in
04:43:27:00	04:43:28:00	northern Wisconsin and then
04:43:28:00	04:43:31:00	some in the P but People start
04:43:31:00	04:43:32:00	to lose weight when they eat
04:43:32:00	04:43:32:00	traditional foods.
04:43:32:00	04:43:34:00	They have improved Insulin
04:43:34:00	04:43:35:00	metabolism which is a huge
04:43:35:00	04:43:35:00	issue in Indian country.
04:43:35:00	04:43:38:00	Diabetes is an epidemic in
04:43:38:00	04:43:39:00	Indian countries.
04:43:39:00	04:43:42:00	So we have Our foods are our
04:43:42:00	04:43:45:00	solution to that and not Just
04:43:45:00	04:43:46:00	to that physical body but to
04:43:46:00	04:43:49:00	the spiritual body and
04:43:49:00	04:43:49:00	The mental body and
04:43:49:00	04:43:50:00	the emotional body.
04:43:50:00	04:43:52:00	And so we have decreased Blood
04:43:52:00	04:43:53:00	sugars, blood pressure,
04:43:53:00	04:43:53:00	improved cholesterol and
04:43:53:00	04:43:56:00	triglyceride IEDs and even
04:43:56:00	04:43:57:00	reducing heart disease.
04:43:57:00	04:43:58:00	So there are people who have
04:43:58:00	04:44:00:00	gone From being on insulin
04:44:00:00	04:44:04:00	shots to not being on insulin
04:44:04:00	04:44:04:00	Shots by eating traditional
04:44:04:00	04:44:04:00	foods.
04:44:04:00	04:44:07:00	So the study that We were
04:44:07:00	04:44:08:00	discussing when we made this
04:44:08:00	04:44:09:00	side was a group that eat
04:44:09:00	04:44:11:00	the USDA Guideline diet and a
04:44:11:00	04:44:12:00	group that eat the traditional
04:44:12:00	04:44:15:00	food diet is where Elders are
04:44:15:00	04:44:16:00	native elders up north in
04:44:16:00	04:44:16:00	Wisconsin.
04:44:16:00	04:44:18:00	The native elders Eat
04:44:18:00	04:44:19:00	the traditional food diet.
04:44:19:00	04:44:22:00	Their health improved vastly.
04:44:22:00	04:44:23:00	>> A lot of them went off of
04:44:23:00	04:44:24:00	their medications.
04:44:24:00	04:44:24:00	The people that stuck on
04:44:24:00	04:44:26:00	the USDA diet Saw no change.
04:44:26:00	04:44:30:00	And so we know that these Foods
04:44:30:00	04:44:31:00	are good for us and we know
04:44:31:00	04:44:34:00	that when we Eat them we can
04:44:34:00	04:44:34:00	commune with our ancestors.
04:44:34:00	04:44:37:00	We're eating the same Exact
04:44:37:00	04:44:38:00	corn that our ancestors grew
04:44:38:00	04:44:41:00	thousands of years ago.
04:44:41:00	04:44:42:00	We're eating the same corn that
04:44:42:00	04:44:43:00	saved George Washington at
04:44:43:00	04:44:45:00	Valley Forge.
04:44:45:00	04:44:46:00	>> This corn is historical.
04:44:46:00	04:44:47:00	It's part of us.
04:44:47:00	04:44:49:00	And so When we eat it, it's not
04:44:49:00	04:44:50:00	just a meal anymore for us
04:44:50:00	04:44:52:00	we're understanding More and
04:44:52:00	04:44:53:00	more about what it really means
04:44:53:00	04:44:53:00	to us.
04:44:53:00	04:45:00:00	>> I guess that's it.
04:45:00:00	04:45:25:00	Yelling Go As An As Questions.
04:45:25:00	04:45:27:00	>> So the question was when we
04:45:27:00	04:45:30:00	harvest Corn, do people from
04:45:30:00	04:45:31:00	outside the community come and
04:45:31:00	04:45:31:00	help?
04:45:31:00	04:45:33:00	>> And the answer is yes.
04:45:33:00	04:45:34:00	We have university students
04:45:34:00	04:45:35:00	that come and help us harvest
04:45:35:00	04:45:35:00	every year.
04:45:35:00	04:45:37:00	We have Something called
04:45:37:00	04:45:37:00	the Wise Women's Gathering
04:45:37:00	04:45:41:00	Place where people Are going to
04:45:41:00	04:45:41:00	get help for domestic abuse or
04:45:41:00	04:45:42:00	whatever kind of issues they're
04:45:42:00	04:45:45:00	dealing with And they come as a
04:45:45:00	04:45:46:00	group and they help us harvest
04:45:46:00	04:45:46:00	the corn.
04:45:46:00	04:45:48:00	We have a group of traditional
04:45:48:00	04:45:49:00	people that are have a
04:45:49:00	04:45:51:00	different clan that aren't In
04:45:51:00	04:45:52:00	our group and they need to get
04:45:52:00	04:45:53:00	corn for ceremony so they come
04:45:53:00	04:45:53:00	and help out.
04:45:53:00	04:45:55:00	And We have elders that just
04:45:55:00	04:45:56:00	stop in during the day they see
04:45:56:00	04:45:57:00	the barn door is open and they
04:45:57:00	04:45:59:00	come And they sit down and they
04:45:59:00	04:46:00:00	just love to visit.
04:46:00:00	04:46:02:00	So recently my husband and I
04:46:02:00	04:46:03:00	Brought some green corn which
04:46:03:00	04:46:06:00	is not we didn't feature that.
04:46:06:00	04:46:06:00	We didn't have any good
04:46:06:00	04:46:07:00	pictures to show you.
04:46:07:00	04:46:09:00	But green corn is the white
04:46:09:00	04:46:10:00	Corn.
04:46:10:00	04:46:11:00	It's picked out and immersed in
04:46:11:00	04:46:14:00	mature stage where the corn Cob
04:46:14:00	04:46:15:00	is still green and the corn is
04:46:15:00	04:46:15:00	like sweet corn and we grilled
04:46:15:00	04:46:17:00	it and Cut it off the cob and
04:46:17:00	04:46:18:00	put it in the freezer.
04:46:18:00	04:46:19:00	Well we have a huge
04:46:19:00	04:46:21:00	Thanksgiving dinner And our
04:46:21:00	04:46:22:00	community that's free all
04:46:22:00	04:46:22:00	the food is donated and we go
04:46:22:00	04:46:23:00	every year.
04:46:23:00	04:46:25:00	I usually bake apple pies ran
04:46:25:00	04:46:26:00	out of apples.
04:46:26:00	04:46:27:00	>> So I said you know what?
04:46:27:00	04:46:28:00	We're just going To bring green
04:46:28:00	04:46:29:00	corn instead.
04:46:29:00	04:46:32:00	So we got our two gallon
04:46:32:00	04:46:32:00	Freezer bags full of green
04:46:32:00	04:46:33:00	corn, put it in the crockpot,
04:46:33:00	04:46:34:00	put in a pound of butter
04:46:34:00	04:46:36:00	because Everybody loves butter
04:46:36:00	04:46:37:00	on their corn and we serve
04:46:37:00	04:46:37:00	that.
04:46:37:00	04:46:39:00	>> And we had elders Stop by
04:46:39:00	04:46:40:00	our table and say I haven't had
04:46:40:00	04:46:43:00	that since I was a kid.
04:46:43:00	04:46:44:00	I remember when my mother made
04:46:44:00	04:46:44:00	that for me.
04:46:44:00	04:46:46:00	Thank you so much for bringing
04:46:46:00	04:46:46:00	That.
04:46:46:00	04:46:53:00	They knew who brought the corn
04:46:53:00	04:46:54:00	.
04:46:54:00	04:47:01:00	>> Good.
04:47:01:00	04:47:02:00	No, it's up no night on
04:47:02:00	04:47:04:00	the reservation so Our farmer's
04:47:04:00	04:47:05:00	market is every Thursday and
04:47:05:00	04:47:09:00	it's in green Day so it's two
04:47:09:00	04:47:09:00	hours away.
04:47:09:00	04:47:11:00	>> Hours outside of Green Bay.
04:47:11:00	04:47:12:00	>> I'll show you the map
04:47:12:00	04:47:15:00	picture we Beginning but it's
04:47:15:00	04:47:20:00	like no But sometimes if you
04:47:20:00	04:47:23:00	look up the mobile farmer's
04:47:23:00	04:47:23:00	Market.
04:47:23:00	04:47:24:00	Dan Cornelius does like a pop
04:47:24:00	04:47:27:00	up at Eastside Farmer's Market
04:47:27:00	04:47:28:00	sometimes the way he has y
04:47:28:00	04:47:31:00	coordinate Like well and all
04:47:31:00	04:47:31:00	kinds of stuff.
04:47:31:00	04:47:34:00	Dan Cornelius Is another Oneida
04:47:34:00	04:47:35:00	farmer.
04:47:35:00	04:47:36:00	Yep.
04:47:36:00	04:47:58:00	No.
04:47:58:00	04:47:58:00	Sure.
04:47:58:00	04:48:02:00	So the question is He grows a
04:48:02:00	04:48:02:00	variety of watermelon corn
04:48:02:00	04:48:06:00	that's Black and he grinds it
04:48:06:00	04:48:06:00	up.
04:48:06:00	04:48:09:00	Rosy and grinds it up and Use
04:48:09:00	04:48:10:00	it for Carmel.
04:48:10:00	04:48:13:00	So his question was Does he
04:48:13:00	04:48:14:00	need to next to it first as you
04:48:14:00	04:48:14:00	need to go through the process
04:48:14:00	04:48:16:00	with the hardwood ashes?
04:48:16:00	04:48:17:00	No, that's totally sufficient
04:48:17:00	04:48:18:00	because you're taking you're
04:48:18:00	04:48:20:00	breaking the whole So you're
04:48:20:00	04:48:21:00	allowing that nutrients on
04:48:21:00	04:48:22:00	the inside of the corn to come
04:48:22:00	04:48:23:00	out.
04:48:23:00	04:48:24:00	You can Nick symbolize it and
04:48:24:00	04:48:27:00	then dry it and then roast And
04:48:27:00	04:48:29:00	then shell it if you want to or
04:48:29:00	04:48:29:00	then grind it if you want to.
04:48:29:00	04:48:31:00	But it's not Necessary.
04:48:31:00	04:48:32:00	Oh one thing we forgot to
04:48:32:00	04:48:33:00	mention was where all those
04:48:33:00	04:48:35:00	hardwood Ashes come from.
04:48:35:00	04:48:36:00	So our friends up on
04:48:36:00	04:48:36:00	the Menominee Nation heat their
04:48:36:00	04:48:39:00	houses A lot of the times with
04:48:39:00	04:48:40:00	hardwood and they don't know
04:48:40:00	04:48:42:00	what to do with all their ashes
04:48:42:00	04:48:42:00	.
04:48:42:00	04:48:43:00	Well we need ashes and they
04:48:43:00	04:48:44:00	don't have corn.
04:48:44:00	04:48:45:00	So we had a little trade Going
04:48:45:00	04:48:46:00	on with them.
04:48:46:00	04:48:47:00	They think it's a great deal.
04:48:47:00	04:48:50:00	They give us a huge Can of
04:48:50:00	04:48:50:00	hardwood ashes for like two
04:48:50:00	04:48:51:00	little bags of corn.
04:48:51:00	04:48:53:00	We think it's a great Deal
04:48:53:00	04:48:54:00	because we don't have hardwood
04:48:54:00	04:48:54:00	ashes.
04:48:54:00	04:48:55:00	So that's just another example
04:48:55:00	04:48:56:00	Of those bartering systems.
04:48:56:00	04:49:18:00	>> Sure.
04:49:18:00	04:49:21:00	So we do have backyard
04:49:21:00	04:49:22:00	gardeners that use the Fisher
04:49:22:00	04:49:25:00	motion in their Small plots
04:49:25:00	04:49:26:00	like you are and you can get it
04:49:26:00	04:49:29:00	at any garden Center.
04:49:29:00	04:49:30:00	They sell the Fisher motion so
04:49:30:00	04:49:32:00	you just put like a tablespoon
04:49:32:00	04:49:33:00	Into a gallon of water and you
04:49:33:00	04:49:33:00	can directly pour that onto
04:49:33:00	04:49:36:00	your plants Onto your roots or
04:49:36:00	04:49:37:00	you can get like a backpack
04:49:37:00	04:49:39:00	sprayer or you Get the kind of
04:49:39:00	04:49:40:00	you hook up to your lawnmower
04:49:40:00	04:49:41:00	and you can use a spraying
04:49:41:00	04:49:41:00	wand.
04:49:41:00	04:49:44:00	>> You know, whatever works for
04:49:44:00	04:49:44:00	you but you stop spraying when
04:49:44:00	04:49:47:00	you see The silks poking out
04:49:47:00	04:49:48:00	because you don't want your
04:49:48:00	04:50:04:00	corn to taste like fish.
04:50:04:00	04:50:05:00	>> Oh be wild rice is a very
04:50:05:00	04:50:08:00	strong Tradition up north.
04:50:08:00	04:50:09:00	I mean it's huge.
04:50:09:00	04:50:12:00	So There's a couple of tribes
04:50:12:00	04:50:15:00	that have wild rice Facilities
04:50:15:00	04:50:16:00	where they go through
04:50:16:00	04:50:19:00	the process of You have to like
04:50:19:00	04:50:20:00	what's the word I'm looking
04:50:20:00	04:50:20:00	for?
04:50:20:00	04:50:23:00	When you heat it up.
04:50:23:00	04:50:23:00	Oh yeah.
04:50:23:00	04:50:23:00	Yeah.
04:50:23:00	04:50:26:00	You have to roast And haul it
04:50:26:00	04:50:27:00	and there's a lot of steps to
04:50:27:00	04:50:28:00	making wild rice.
04:50:28:00	04:50:30:00	That's another One that's
04:50:30:00	04:50:30:00	really hard.
04:50:30:00	04:50:33:00	So Leech Lake has pretty System
04:50:33:00	04:50:34:00	wide earth land recovery
04:50:34:00	04:50:37:00	project also Processes wild
04:50:37:00	04:50:37:00	rice.
04:50:37:00	04:50:38:00	Bruce Savage actually built his
04:50:38:00	04:50:41:00	own Wild rice processing plant
04:50:41:00	04:50:44:00	at Spirit Lake native farms And
04:50:44:00	04:50:45:00	so and some people just do it
04:50:45:00	04:50:48:00	like really old school over
04:50:48:00	04:50:49:00	Fire and the old way is to
04:50:49:00	04:50:50:00	dance on it with moccasins to
04:50:50:00	04:50:52:00	get those Hold off and winnow
04:50:52:00	04:50:55:00	it and get all the Chaff off of
04:50:55:00	04:50:56:00	the sea and then get all
04:50:56:00	04:50:59:00	the little pebbles and stones
04:50:59:00	04:51:00:00	That volunteer can you and
04:51:00:00	04:51:00:00	you're harvesting the wild
04:51:00:00	04:51:00:00	rice.
04:51:00:00	04:51:02:00	>> But that's yeah that's a
04:51:02:00	04:51:03:00	Very it's a whole other.
04:51:03:00	04:51:07:00	But yeah that's very very
04:51:07:00	04:51:09:00	that's alive and well up north
04:51:09:00	04:51:09:00	Definitely.
04:51:09:00	04:51:10:00	Mm hmm.
04:51:10:00	04:51:20:00	>> Um Oh so.
04:51:20:00	04:51:23:00	>> So that would be
04:51:23:00	04:51:24:00	the Question is what is the ash
04:51:24:00	04:51:24:00	bread.
04:51:24:00	04:51:28:00	So there is a way That was it.
04:51:28:00	04:51:28:00	Yeah sorry.
04:51:28:00	04:51:31:00	There's a way to make
04:51:31:00	04:51:32:00	the Cornbread that's in
04:51:32:00	04:51:32:00	the plastic there.
04:51:32:00	04:51:33:00	So those are Yeah.
04:51:33:00	04:51:35:00	Those are called Gonna still
04:51:35:00	04:51:35:00	hot breads they're white corn
04:51:35:00	04:51:39:00	meal bread With beans put
04:51:39:00	04:51:39:00	together and then boiled.
04:51:39:00	04:51:40:00	But some people can just cook
04:51:40:00	04:51:42:00	them In the fire so you just
04:51:42:00	04:51:43:00	take the loaf of bread and you
04:51:43:00	04:51:46:00	put it right into The fire and
04:51:46:00	04:51:47:00	you it gets burnt and then you
04:51:47:00	04:51:50:00	just knock the ashes And eat it
04:51:50:00	04:51:50:00	that way.
04:51:50:00	04:51:51:00	So it's it's kind of like a
04:51:51:00	04:51:52:00	baked potato in the campfire
04:51:52:00	04:51:53:00	Only it's gonna stop, right?
04:51:53:00	04:51:54:00	>> Mm hmm.
04:51:54:00	04:51:54:00	Yeah.
04:51:54:00	04:51:57:00	You can put The ashes in a lot
04:51:57:00	04:51:57:00	of things.
04:51:57:00	04:52:00:00	You can put them in your beans
04:52:00:00	04:52:01:00	When you're beans are soaking
04:52:01:00	04:52:02:00	make some ash water with that.
04:52:02:00	04:52:04:00	And that's really good too.
04:52:04:00	04:52:05:00	Ashes are really good for you.
04:52:05:00	04:52:08:00	>> It sounds Crazy or
04:52:08:00	04:52:08:00	counterintuitive but it's good.
04:52:08:00	04:52:12:00	Yeah Yeah yeah.
04:52:12:00	04:52:13:00	You can put ashes in your
04:52:13:00	04:52:15:00	emotional Thing as much you can
04:52:15:00	04:52:16:00	put little ashes in.
04:52:16:00	04:52:17:00	Yeah you could add some
04:52:17:00	04:52:19:00	hardwood Ashes to your mush
04:52:19:00	04:52:20:00	when you're when you're making
04:52:20:00	04:52:22:00	it after you grind it up It'll
04:52:22:00	04:52:22:00	release the niacin.
04:52:22:00	04:52:29:00	Oh that's another good story.
04:52:29:00	04:52:30:00	>> So where did our seeds come
04:52:30:00	04:52:30:00	from.
04:52:30:00	04:52:33:00	So When we started we were like
04:52:33:00	04:52:33:00	great.
04:52:33:00	04:52:34:00	We're gonna go three acres
04:52:34:00	04:52:37:00	who's got Seeds?
04:52:37:00	04:52:38:00	And everyone was like I have
04:52:38:00	04:52:38:00	this much seed.
04:52:38:00	04:52:40:00	Is that gonna work?
04:52:40:00	04:52:41:00	No, it's not gonna work.
04:52:41:00	04:52:44:00	So we connected with Andy
04:52:44:00	04:52:44:00	Ferguson over at Onondaga.
04:52:44:00	04:52:47:00	We had a plan to meet at this
04:52:47:00	04:52:47:00	Food sovereignty summit and we
04:52:47:00	04:52:48:00	were gonna bring the wild rice
04:52:48:00	04:52:51:00	and she was Gonna bring
04:52:51:00	04:52:52:00	the corn seed and we made a
04:52:52:00	04:52:52:00	trade there.
04:52:52:00	04:52:55:00	In Michigan And that night
04:52:55:00	04:52:56:00	there was a moon ceremony and
04:52:56:00	04:52:58:00	the woman was talking about A
04:52:58:00	04:52:59:00	prophecy where that trade from
04:52:59:00	04:52:59:00	the west and the east would
04:52:59:00	04:53:02:00	start to happen Again and that
04:53:02:00	04:53:03:00	wild rice would get traded for
04:53:03:00	04:53:03:00	that corn.
04:53:03:00	04:53:06:00	And Angelo was like I just Did
04:53:06:00	04:53:06:00	that.
04:53:06:00	04:53:07:00	>> So it came alive right there
04:53:07:00	04:53:16:00	that Ceremony was really cool.
04:53:16:00	04:53:20:00	>> So this is just One of our
04:53:20:00	04:53:21:00	varieties of corn.
04:53:21:00	04:53:23:00	>> This is the most common
04:53:23:00	04:53:23:00	Variety.
04:53:23:00	04:53:24:00	We use it in soups used in
04:53:24:00	04:53:25:00	salads using the Guinness Doha
04:53:25:00	04:53:27:00	bread.
04:53:27:00	04:53:28:00	The other corns are also also
04:53:28:00	04:53:31:00	really good for you.
04:53:31:00	04:53:32:00	Other varieties that we have
04:53:32:00	04:53:34:00	but they're just the seeds are
04:53:34:00	04:53:35:00	Not as common.
04:53:35:00	04:53:36:00	And so this was what we could
04:53:36:00	04:53:38:00	get our hands on when we
04:53:38:00	04:53:39:00	Started growing the blue calico
04:53:39:00	04:53:39:00	corn last year and we're gonna
04:53:39:00	04:53:42:00	keep Growing that.
04:53:42:00	04:53:43:00	But there's I mean dozens of
04:53:43:00	04:53:44:00	varieties that as Haudenosaunee
04:53:44:00	04:53:46:00	people Could be growing.
04:53:46:00	04:53:47:00	But it's a matter of keeping
04:53:47:00	04:53:47:00	the seeds from crossing with
04:53:47:00	04:53:49:00	each other because Open
04:53:49:00	04:53:49:00	pollinated.
04:53:49:00	04:53:50:00	So we but we've been talking
04:53:50:00	04:53:53:00	about How we can maybe do some
04:53:53:00	04:53:53:00	succession planting if
04:53:53:00	04:53:56:00	the climate agrees And do that
04:53:56:00	04:54:00:00	plant more corn.
04:54:00:00	04:54:01:00	This was the corn that
04:54:01:00	04:54:01:00	sustained our community since
04:54:01:00	04:54:03:00	we moved from New York Just
04:54:03:00	04:54:04:00	this one variety and this is
04:54:04:00	04:54:07:00	called the tusk or a white corn
04:54:07:00	04:54:07:00	.
04:54:07:00	04:54:08:00	>> It's not all night a corn
04:54:08:00	04:54:09:00	you'll hear it called a night
04:54:09:00	04:55:13:00	away corn and We adopted it.
04:55:13:00	04:55:21:00	>> We did have that try it.
04:55:21:00	04:55:21:00	>> Hank while they tried
04:55:21:00	04:55:22:00	putting it into a peanut wagon
04:55:22:00	04:55:25:00	and forcing Through and it was
04:55:25:00	04:55:25:00	disastrous.
04:55:25:00	04:55:29:00	There's something About our
04:55:29:00	04:55:29:00	corn.
04:55:29:00	04:55:30:00	She likes it the old way old
04:55:30:00	04:55:32:00	fashioned way.
04:55:32:00	04:55:32:00	>> So it did.
04:55:32:00	04:55:33:00	Yeah.
04:55:33:00	04:55:36:00	Yeah.
04:55:36:00	04:55:37:00	And the other thing is that
04:55:37:00	04:55:39:00	the time Of harvesting or
04:55:39:00	04:55:40:00	breeding even though it's a lot
04:55:40:00	04:55:41:00	of work it has a lot of other
04:55:41:00	04:55:43:00	benefits To it.
04:55:43:00	04:55:44:00	So it brings the community
04:55:44:00	04:55:44:00	together.
04:55:44:00	04:55:46:00	We get to sit across from Each
04:55:46:00	04:55:47:00	other and work together and
04:55:47:00	04:55:48:00	have and share those stories.
04:55:48:00	04:55:51:00	So Even though it's a lot of
04:55:51:00	04:55:51:00	work we really value those
04:55:51:00	04:55:52:00	hours that we get to spend
04:55:52:00	04:55:54:00	together.
04:55:54:00	04:55:55:00	So my husband and I actually
04:55:55:00	04:55:57:00	got married in our cornfield
04:55:57:00	04:55:59:00	And all of our company came to
04:55:59:00	04:56:01:00	come to the reception and we
04:56:01:00	04:56:01:00	Had them work.
04:56:01:00	04:56:02:00	So it was a working wedding
04:56:02:00	04:56:05:00	reception so they Takes on
04:56:05:00	04:56:06:00	the corn with us and then they
04:56:06:00	04:56:07:00	sat in big circles and he
04:56:07:00	04:56:08:00	directed where Everybody was
04:56:08:00	04:56:09:00	going to sit in a lot of people
04:56:09:00	04:56:09:00	who are non-native.
04:56:09:00	04:56:12:00	>> So that was the best wedding
04:56:12:00	04:56:12:00	Reception they'd ever been to
04:56:12:00	04:56:15:00	because they didn't just sit at
04:56:15:00	04:56:16:00	Their little dinner table and
04:56:16:00	04:56:17:00	just chat with people with them
04:56:17:00	04:56:18:00	and then have a few drinks and
04:56:18:00	04:56:19:00	leave.
04:56:19:00	04:56:20:00	They got to learn everything
04:56:20:00	04:56:20:00	about everybody that was there
04:56:20:00	04:56:21:00	at that wedding.
04:56:21:00	04:56:24:00	And it really opened up their
04:56:24:00	04:56:24:00	minds.
04:56:24:00	04:56:25:00	And so one of the ladies who's
04:56:25:00	04:56:28:00	a friend Of his, she was really
04:56:28:00	04:56:28:00	crabby about having to do this
04:56:28:00	04:56:28:00	work.
04:56:28:00	04:56:30:00	She was like really put Out by
04:56:30:00	04:56:30:00	it.
04:56:30:00	04:56:31:00	But then she put her hands on
04:56:31:00	04:56:32:00	that corn and she said she just
04:56:32:00	04:56:34:00	totally felt Relaxed.
04:56:34:00	04:56:35:00	So this corn works for everyone
04:56:35:00	04:56:38:00	not just Native people when you
04:56:38:00	04:56:39:00	get your hands on it, it has a
04:56:39:00	04:56:40:00	real spiritual feeling To it.
04:56:40:00	04:56:47:00	>> No, that's my friend Jack.
04:56:47:00	04:56:51:00	>> He's he's right here Is
04:56:51:00	04:56:52:00	the one in the Canadian tuxedo
04:56:52:00	04:56:54:00	up here.
04:56:54:00	04:57:01:00	Anything else?
04:57:01:00	04:57:05:00	Well, thank you so much For
04:57:05:00	04:57:06:00	your time and putting up with
04:57:06:00	04:57:06:00	us.
04:57:06:00	04:57:07:00	>> We appreciate it.
04:57:07:00	05:11:48:00	As always, You Could walk over
05:11:48:00	05:11:49:00	there if you want to talk to
05:11:49:00	05:11:49:00	someone.
05:11:49:00	05:11:49:00	>> OK.
05:11:49:00	05:11:50:00	All right.
05:11:50:00	05:11:54:00	So you're I'll just let you
05:11:54:00	05:12:05:00	know what.
05:12:05:00	05:12:05:00	All right.
05:12:05:00	05:13:30:00	All right.
05:13:30:00	05:16:27:00	Flight, I saw you to My Next
05:16:27:00	05:16:44:00	Words.
05:16:44:00	05:16:45:00	Good afternoon, everybody.
05:16:45:00	05:16:52:00	Let's talk tomatoes.
05:16:52:00	05:16:53:00	Summer is coming.
05:16:53:00	05:16:56:00	So I have a couple of
05:16:56:00	05:16:59:00	announcements to give To you
05:16:59:00	05:17:00:00	today which you've probably
05:17:00:00	05:17:01:00	heard before at every single
05:17:01:00	05:17:01:00	talk.
05:17:01:00	05:17:03:00	But I am going to give them to
05:17:03:00	05:17:04:00	you again first of all.
05:17:04:00	05:17:06:00	>> This is meant In all
05:17:06:00	05:17:07:00	sincerity.
05:17:07:00	05:17:08:00	Welcome and thank you for
05:17:08:00	05:17:09:00	attending the seminar.
05:17:09:00	05:17:10:00	It's always great to see
05:17:10:00	05:17:13:00	everybody here that's at
05:17:13:00	05:17:14:00	the Garden Expo and interested
05:17:14:00	05:17:17:00	in all these different topics.
05:17:17:00	05:17:18:00	Now here comes the boiler part
05:17:18:00	05:17:21:00	boiler Plate part of the speech
05:17:21:00	05:17:24:00	in an emergency please Exit
05:17:24:00	05:17:25:00	quickly and calmly through
05:17:25:00	05:17:28:00	the front or rear entrance
05:17:28:00	05:17:29:00	There, there, there or if you
05:17:29:00	05:17:30:00	want to crawl underneath
05:17:30:00	05:17:33:00	the screen there Or there and
05:17:33:00	05:17:36:00	immediately go outside Please
05:17:36:00	05:17:36:00	do turn off all electronic
05:17:36:00	05:17:40:00	devices and If you did not pick
05:17:40:00	05:17:41:00	up a handout if you would raise
05:17:41:00	05:17:43:00	your hand one of our Lovely
05:17:43:00	05:17:44:00	volunteer holy crumb.
05:17:44:00	05:17:47:00	>> One of our lovely Volunteers
05:17:47:00	05:17:48:00	will theoretically bring you
05:17:48:00	05:17:55:00	one At the handout for
05:17:55:00	05:17:55:00	The session.
05:17:55:00	05:17:56:00	>> It's online at the Garden
05:17:56:00	05:17:58:00	Expo Site.
05:17:58:00	05:17:59:00	This will also be livestream
05:17:59:00	05:18:02:00	design writer Oh the evaluation
05:18:02:00	05:18:03:00	is that what I said?
05:18:03:00	05:18:07:00	>> I hope I said Valuation.
05:18:07:00	05:18:09:00	I'm sorry I meant Evaluation.
05:18:09:00	05:18:12:00	Yes for an evaluation form that
05:18:12:00	05:18:13:00	Little yellow thing.
05:18:13:00	05:18:14:00	Everybody's got that.
05:18:14:00	05:18:16:00	OK, Sorry about that.
05:18:16:00	05:18:17:00	False alarm.
05:18:17:00	05:18:17:00	Yes.
05:18:17:00	05:18:20:00	I Didn't print a handout
05:18:20:00	05:18:21:00	because my to be perfectly
05:18:21:00	05:18:24:00	honest my office would Have a
05:18:24:00	05:18:25:00	hard time paying for all
05:18:25:00	05:18:27:00	the all the paper So we have
05:18:27:00	05:18:28:00	put it online at the Garden
05:18:28:00	05:18:28:00	Expo site.
05:18:28:00	05:18:31:00	>> And I know this is being
05:18:31:00	05:18:32:00	recorded for posterity.
05:18:32:00	05:18:35:00	So The rest of the boilerplate
05:18:35:00	05:18:39:00	is completed evaluations Can be
05:18:39:00	05:18:40:00	placed at the bin at the back
05:18:40:00	05:18:40:00	as you exit.
05:18:40:00	05:18:42:00	Are they outside The doors?
05:18:42:00	05:18:43:00	They're actually a been at
05:18:43:00	05:18:46:00	the back of the room Must be
05:18:46:00	05:18:46:00	outside the door.
05:18:46:00	05:18:49:00	OK, we'll assume it's outside.
05:18:49:00	05:18:50:00	All right.
05:18:50:00	05:18:53:00	>> Boiler plate is complete And
05:18:53:00	05:18:54:00	we can move on to talking about
05:18:54:00	05:18:57:00	tomatoes.
05:18:57:00	05:18:58:00	>> So my name is Lisa Johnson
05:18:58:00	05:19:01:00	and I am the horticulture
05:19:01:00	05:19:04:00	educator with Dane County
05:19:04:00	05:19:04:00	Extension.
05:19:04:00	05:19:05:00	And as the horticulture
05:19:05:00	05:19:09:00	educator I do a number of
05:19:09:00	05:19:09:00	different things, one of which
05:19:09:00	05:19:11:00	is I run the Master Gardener
05:19:11:00	05:19:15:00	volunteer program in Dane
05:19:15:00	05:19:16:00	County and I'm a frequent guest
05:19:16:00	05:19:19:00	on Larry Miller Show.
05:19:19:00	05:19:20:00	Larry is awesome and I'm really
05:19:20:00	05:19:24:00	privileged To get to work with
05:19:24:00	05:19:24:00	him.
05:19:24:00	05:19:27:00	I and my colleague Bryan
05:19:27:00	05:19:28:00	Huddleston give a lot of
05:19:28:00	05:19:30:00	presentations and you Can catch
05:19:30:00	05:19:31:00	my column in the Wisconsin
05:19:31:00	05:19:34:00	State Journal On Sundays except
05:19:34:00	05:19:37:00	for this one because I'm here.
05:19:37:00	05:19:38:00	So what I'm going to be talking
05:19:38:00	05:19:42:00	about for tomato Is is pretty
05:19:42:00	05:19:45:00	much a seed to Growing it
05:19:45:00	05:19:46:00	through the season not going to
05:19:46:00	05:19:49:00	talk too much about harvest.
05:19:49:00	05:19:50:00	I'm not going to talk too much
05:19:50:00	05:19:53:00	about different varieties As
05:19:53:00	05:19:54:00	I'm sure you know there are
05:19:54:00	05:19:55:00	different varieties coming out
05:19:55:00	05:19:57:00	all The time.
05:19:57:00	05:19:58:00	And I have not even seen
05:19:58:00	05:20:00:00	the list for this year's All
05:20:00:00	05:20:01:00	American selections but I'm
05:20:01:00	05:20:04:00	sure they've got some cool new
05:20:04:00	05:20:04:00	Ones.
05:20:04:00	05:20:06:00	One of the ones that I looked
05:20:06:00	05:20:08:00	at last year that we grew In
05:20:08:00	05:20:08:00	our teaching garden which is at
05:20:08:00	05:20:11:00	the Dane County extension
05:20:11:00	05:20:12:00	Office.
05:20:12:00	05:20:13:00	And if you're in Dane County,
05:20:13:00	05:20:16:00	please feel free to visit Us.
05:20:16:00	05:20:17:00	There is midnight snack and it
05:20:17:00	05:20:20:00	was first time I'd had that
05:20:20:00	05:20:20:00	one.
05:20:20:00	05:20:24:00	It's well it's bigger Than it's
05:20:24:00	05:20:24:00	about that big.
05:20:24:00	05:20:27:00	That Doesn't help very much.
05:20:27:00	05:20:28:00	It's a little bit smaller than
05:20:28:00	05:20:28:00	a ping pong ball.
05:20:28:00	05:20:31:00	>> We'll Put it that way.
05:20:31:00	05:20:32:00	So it's it's not really a
05:20:32:00	05:20:34:00	cherry but it's It's not quite
05:20:34:00	05:20:35:00	the size of a plum.
05:20:35:00	05:20:37:00	But what was really cool about
05:20:37:00	05:20:38:00	It was the coloration and
05:20:38:00	05:20:39:00	the sweetness and
05:20:39:00	05:20:42:00	the coloration Is that it's
05:20:42:00	05:20:43:00	really super dark purple on
05:20:43:00	05:20:43:00	the top.
05:20:43:00	05:20:46:00	It starts out just A little bit
05:20:46:00	05:20:47:00	and then it grows and grows and
05:20:47:00	05:20:48:00	it starts to spread over
05:20:48:00	05:20:49:00	the fruit And then the bottom
05:20:49:00	05:20:50:00	of the fruit is red.
05:20:50:00	05:20:53:00	So it's really striking to Look
05:20:53:00	05:20:53:00	at.
05:20:53:00	05:20:54:00	And I thought it was pretty
05:20:54:00	05:20:56:00	good tasting tomato Too.
05:20:56:00	05:21:00:00	So we try and grow a few.
05:21:00:00	05:21:00:00	>> Yes.
05:21:00:00	05:21:04:00	>> Lisa Johnson I thought you
05:21:04:00	05:21:07:00	said What's your name?
05:21:07:00	05:21:07:00	Yes.
05:21:07:00	05:21:09:00	The name of the plant is
05:21:09:00	05:21:11:00	Midnight Snack.
05:21:11:00	05:21:11:00	Yes.
05:21:11:00	05:21:12:00	OK.
05:21:12:00	05:21:13:00	I was like why does he want to
05:21:13:00	05:21:14:00	know that?
05:21:14:00	05:21:18:00	OK, moving right along Then.
05:21:18:00	05:21:18:00	All right.
05:21:18:00	05:21:19:00	So growing tomatoes in
05:21:19:00	05:21:22:00	Wisconsin.
05:21:22:00	05:21:23:00	So this is kind of an outline
05:21:23:00	05:21:26:00	of the talk I'm going to talk a
05:21:26:00	05:21:27:00	little bit about choosing
05:21:27:00	05:21:30:00	varieties What you might want
05:21:30:00	05:21:31:00	to use different varieties for
05:21:31:00	05:21:33:00	then a little bit About growing
05:21:33:00	05:21:34:00	from seed because that's really
05:21:34:00	05:21:37:00	important especially If you're
05:21:37:00	05:21:38:00	trying to grow one of
05:21:38:00	05:21:41:00	the heirloom varieties Will
05:21:41:00	05:21:42:00	even talk a little bit about
05:21:42:00	05:21:45:00	grafting tomatoes If you're
05:21:45:00	05:21:46:00	interested in learning how to
05:21:46:00	05:21:46:00	do that.
05:21:46:00	05:21:49:00	>> We'll talk about Proper
05:21:49:00	05:21:50:00	watering and fertilizing before
05:21:50:00	05:21:53:00	they Go out into the cold cruel
05:21:53:00	05:21:53:00	world.
05:21:53:00	05:21:56:00	Hopefully not Too cold and
05:21:56:00	05:21:57:00	cruel by the time you put them
05:21:57:00	05:21:58:00	out because as we all know
05:21:58:00	05:21:59:00	tomatoes Are not very tolerant
05:21:59:00	05:22:03:00	of cold and Then we'll talk
05:22:03:00	05:22:04:00	about the hardening off
05:22:04:00	05:22:07:00	planting out process A little
05:22:07:00	05:22:08:00	bit about tomato growing tips
05:22:08:00	05:22:10:00	which will include Things like
05:22:10:00	05:22:14:00	Trellis Singh and Pruning
05:22:14:00	05:22:15:00	the suckers out, that sort of
05:22:15:00	05:22:15:00	thing.
05:22:15:00	05:22:18:00	There is A section on diseases
05:22:18:00	05:22:21:00	because I would bet that almost
05:22:21:00	05:22:22:00	Anybody in here who's ever
05:22:22:00	05:22:22:00	grown a tomato has experienced
05:22:22:00	05:22:26:00	some kind Of tomato disease and
05:22:26:00	05:22:27:00	I should mention that all of
05:22:27:00	05:22:30:00	the diseases I'm going to be
05:22:30:00	05:22:30:00	talking about my colleague
05:22:30:00	05:22:33:00	Brian Huddleston from the plant
05:22:33:00	05:22:34:00	Disease Diagnostic Clinic has
05:22:34:00	05:22:37:00	handouts on All of those actual
05:22:37:00	05:22:37:00	physical yes paper copies
05:22:37:00	05:22:41:00	although You can get them on
05:22:41:00	05:22:41:00	the plant disease diagnostic
05:22:41:00	05:22:44:00	clinic Web site As well.
05:22:44:00	05:22:47:00	My booth is 835 I believe His
05:22:47:00	05:22:48:00	is 834 and 833.
05:22:48:00	05:22:49:00	>> So you can stop there
05:22:49:00	05:22:52:00	afterwards And pick up all
05:22:52:00	05:22:52:00	the information that you want
05:22:52:00	05:22:56:00	about tomato diseases, a little
05:22:56:00	05:22:56:00	bit about crop rotation, why
05:22:56:00	05:23:00:00	that's important And then just
05:23:00:00	05:23:00:00	a very little bit about
05:23:00:00	05:23:03:00	harvesting and storage.
05:23:03:00	05:23:04:00	>> OK.
05:23:04:00	05:23:07:00	>> So I've been told To ask you
05:23:07:00	05:23:08:00	to hold your questions if you
05:23:08:00	05:23:11:00	could till the end and We will
05:23:11:00	05:23:11:00	proceed.
05:23:11:00	05:23:11:00	>> All right.
05:23:11:00	05:23:15:00	First thing you need to know
05:23:15:00	05:23:16:00	about tomatoes if you've never
05:23:16:00	05:23:18:00	grown them Before if you're a
05:23:18:00	05:23:19:00	novice there are what we call
05:23:19:00	05:23:22:00	indeterminate And determinate
05:23:22:00	05:23:25:00	cultivars so determinant ones
05:23:25:00	05:23:26:00	Are the short ones.
05:23:26:00	05:23:27:00	>> So if you're growing in a
05:23:27:00	05:23:29:00	patio type Situation, you're
05:23:29:00	05:23:29:00	growing in a pot, you're
05:23:29:00	05:23:32:00	growing in a raised bed That
05:23:32:00	05:23:33:00	might be something that you
05:23:33:00	05:23:36:00	should look at doing If you're
05:23:36:00	05:23:36:00	going to grow an indeterminate
05:23:36:00	05:23:36:00	tomato.
05:23:36:00	05:23:40:00	>> It's really Best to do that
05:23:40:00	05:23:41:00	in the ground because they get
05:23:41:00	05:23:43:00	so darn big.
05:23:43:00	05:23:44:00	>> So the reason that they are
05:23:44:00	05:23:47:00	determinant or in determinant
05:23:47:00	05:23:48:00	Is that with a determinant
05:23:48:00	05:23:51:00	plant the flower buds Are at
05:23:51:00	05:23:51:00	the branch ends and they tend
05:23:51:00	05:23:55:00	to ripen all at once Over a
05:23:55:00	05:23:55:00	couple of weeks.
05:23:55:00	05:23:59:00	>> So if you are planting A lot
05:23:59:00	05:23:59:00	of tomatoes and you're planting
05:23:59:00	05:24:03:00	determinant varieties, you need
05:24:03:00	05:24:04:00	to be prepared for an onslaught
05:24:04:00	05:24:06:00	of tomatoes All at one time.
05:24:06:00	05:24:07:00	So clear your calendar.
05:24:07:00	05:24:10:00	Don't go on vacation When
05:24:10:00	05:24:10:00	you're determinant.
05:24:10:00	05:24:11:00	Tomatoes are blooming because
05:24:11:00	05:24:14:00	they're not going to wait For
05:24:14:00	05:24:14:00	you.
05:24:14:00	05:24:18:00	>> So the indeterminate Ones
05:24:18:00	05:24:19:00	are the ones that we say they
05:24:19:00	05:24:19:00	keep growing all summer.
05:24:19:00	05:24:22:00	Those form their flowers in
05:24:22:00	05:24:25:00	the axles of the leaves so
05:24:25:00	05:24:29:00	That's where leaf meets
05:24:29:00	05:24:30:00	the stem and they keep
05:24:30:00	05:24:33:00	flowering And producing fruit
05:24:33:00	05:24:33:00	all season long.
05:24:33:00	05:24:36:00	It can Include anything from
05:24:36:00	05:24:40:00	heirloom large size Slicing
05:24:40:00	05:24:41:00	tomatoes to cherry and pear
05:24:41:00	05:24:44:00	tomatoes And one plant can
05:24:44:00	05:24:45:00	produce quite a bit of fruit
05:24:45:00	05:24:48:00	over one season.
05:24:48:00	05:24:49:00	So that's the difference
05:24:49:00	05:24:49:00	between those.
05:24:49:00	05:24:51:00	So I Think about what you can
05:24:51:00	05:24:55:00	handle in terms of Harvesting,
05:24:55:00	05:24:59:00	storing, cooking With tomatoes
05:24:59:00	05:25:00:00	when you make your decision
05:25:00:00	05:25:03:00	about what type Of tomato to
05:25:03:00	05:25:03:00	grow.
05:25:03:00	05:25:04:00	And usually all that
05:25:04:00	05:25:06:00	information will be on the Seed
05:25:06:00	05:25:07:00	packet if you're growing from
05:25:07:00	05:25:07:00	seed, if you're not growing
05:25:07:00	05:25:11:00	from Seed it should be on
05:25:11:00	05:25:11:00	the plant tag.
05:25:11:00	05:25:12:00	So it's kind of an important
05:25:12:00	05:25:16:00	Thing to do to know Then there
05:25:16:00	05:25:17:00	are the uses if you enjoy
05:25:17:00	05:25:21:00	cooking With tomatoes to make
05:25:21:00	05:25:24:00	tomato sauce or Roasting
05:25:24:00	05:25:28:00	tomatoes fresh eating grilling
05:25:28:00	05:25:29:00	All those different kinds of
05:25:29:00	05:25:29:00	things that we can do with
05:25:29:00	05:25:31:00	tomatoes.
05:25:31:00	05:25:32:00	>> There are some that are
05:25:32:00	05:25:33:00	better than others for
05:25:33:00	05:25:35:00	different uses.
05:25:35:00	05:25:36:00	For example the paste or Roma
05:25:36:00	05:25:39:00	tomatoes are best For making
05:25:39:00	05:25:43:00	sauces because they are quite
05:25:43:00	05:25:43:00	Bit meatier.
05:25:43:00	05:25:44:00	As you know tomatoes are pretty
05:25:44:00	05:25:47:00	soft And juicy fruit.
05:25:47:00	05:25:51:00	So the softer And juicy or it
05:25:51:00	05:25:54:00	is usually the better it is for
05:25:54:00	05:25:55:00	Fresh eating.
05:25:55:00	05:25:55:00	But if you're trying to make
05:25:55:00	05:25:58:00	like tomato paste Or tomato
05:25:58:00	05:25:59:00	sauce you probably want to use
05:25:59:00	05:26:02:00	one of the meteor variety.
05:26:02:00	05:26:06:00	>> Then there is the aspect Of
05:26:06:00	05:26:07:00	disease resistance.
05:26:07:00	05:26:09:00	Yes, there are some disease
05:26:09:00	05:26:10:00	Resistant tomatoes now.
05:26:10:00	05:26:13:00	Brian Huddleston from the plant
05:26:13:00	05:26:14:00	Disease Diagnostic Clinic likes
05:26:14:00	05:26:17:00	to tell the story Of how
05:26:17:00	05:26:20:00	the gene for tomato flavor and
05:26:20:00	05:26:21:00	the Gene for tomato disease
05:26:21:00	05:26:25:00	resistance Are located in such
05:26:25:00	05:26:28:00	a way on the chromosomes That
05:26:28:00	05:26:29:00	when you try and breed for one
05:26:29:00	05:26:30:00	or the other it's hard to get
05:26:30:00	05:26:32:00	both.
05:26:32:00	05:26:33:00	>> So he said you can either
05:26:33:00	05:26:35:00	get a really healthy tomato
05:26:35:00	05:26:36:00	Plant where the tomato tastes
05:26:36:00	05:26:39:00	like cardboard or you Super
05:26:39:00	05:26:40:00	disease prone tomato that
05:26:40:00	05:26:41:00	tastes really good.
05:26:41:00	05:26:44:00	Well they are being able to
05:26:44:00	05:26:47:00	through all kinds Of genetic
05:26:47:00	05:26:48:00	techniques being able to breed
05:26:48:00	05:26:51:00	tomatoes Now that have some of
05:26:51:00	05:26:51:00	each.
05:26:51:00	05:26:52:00	But unfortunately a lot of our
05:26:52:00	05:26:55:00	heirloom Tomatoes that have
05:26:55:00	05:26:56:00	the best flavor tend to be ones
05:26:56:00	05:26:58:00	that are the most prone To
05:26:58:00	05:26:59:00	disease.
05:26:59:00	05:27:00:00	So that's just something to
05:27:00:00	05:27:00:00	keep in mind.
05:27:00:00	05:27:03:00	And I Know over the past few
05:27:03:00	05:27:05:00	years because I get calls from
05:27:05:00	05:27:06:00	People people of course don't
05:27:06:00	05:27:07:00	call me when their tomatoes are
05:27:07:00	05:27:09:00	doing awesome.
05:27:09:00	05:27:11:00	They call me when they've got
05:27:11:00	05:27:11:00	problems with their tomatoes.
05:27:11:00	05:27:14:00	>> And So it has been so wet
05:27:14:00	05:27:17:00	here over the past Couple of
05:27:17:00	05:27:18:00	years that the tomato diseases
05:27:18:00	05:27:18:00	have just been rampant.
05:27:18:00	05:27:21:00	And I'm sure if you grow
05:27:21:00	05:27:22:00	tomatoes you have experience
05:27:22:00	05:27:24:00	that Unfortunately we can't
05:27:24:00	05:27:24:00	shut off.
05:27:24:00	05:27:28:00	>> Mother Nature But we can
05:27:28:00	05:27:29:00	adjust our own watering
05:27:29:00	05:27:32:00	techniques To try and keep
05:27:32:00	05:27:35:00	leaves dry which is one of
05:27:35:00	05:27:35:00	The main ways that we help
05:27:35:00	05:27:39:00	protect against tomato Diseases
05:27:39:00	05:27:39:00	.
05:27:39:00	05:27:42:00	>> So with resistant tomatoes
05:27:42:00	05:27:43:00	Often if you look on
05:27:43:00	05:27:44:00	the disease or on the packet
05:27:44:00	05:27:47:00	there will be A disease code if
05:27:47:00	05:27:48:00	you're looking if you're
05:27:48:00	05:27:50:00	growing from seed Look for a
05:27:50:00	05:27:51:00	series of letters.
05:27:51:00	05:27:54:00	So V For example means
05:27:54:00	05:27:55:00	resistant diverted selenium
05:27:55:00	05:27:57:00	will the F is resistant to
05:27:57:00	05:27:58:00	Verdi's Selim and Fuze Ethereum
05:27:58:00	05:28:01:00	welt.
05:28:01:00	05:28:02:00	>> There's also L.B. which is
05:28:02:00	05:28:04:00	late blight resistance.
05:28:04:00	05:28:05:00	A late blight is one that we
05:28:05:00	05:28:06:00	always get really concerned
05:28:06:00	05:28:08:00	about because That can be
05:28:08:00	05:28:09:00	terminal for your tomato plant
05:28:09:00	05:28:15:00	in a rapid Period of time
05:28:15:00	05:28:16:00	unlike early blight And
05:28:16:00	05:28:17:00	cemeteries where we spread out
05:28:17:00	05:28:19:00	the joy of death for You know,
05:28:19:00	05:28:20:00	months at a time.
05:28:20:00	05:28:22:00	That's the you know, the Slow
05:28:22:00	05:28:26:00	death version.
05:28:26:00	05:28:27:00	We also have tomato spotted
05:28:27:00	05:28:30:00	wilt virus And that one is one
05:28:30:00	05:28:33:00	that often will Affect
05:28:33:00	05:28:34:00	the quality of the fruit but
05:28:34:00	05:28:37:00	doesn't necessarily Kill
05:28:37:00	05:28:37:00	the host.
05:28:37:00	05:28:39:00	So the other thing to remember
05:28:39:00	05:28:41:00	is That even though you may see
05:28:41:00	05:28:44:00	these codes on the tomato Seed
05:28:44:00	05:28:45:00	packet resistance does not mean
05:28:45:00	05:28:48:00	immunity If you have a
05:28:48:00	05:28:52:00	susceptible Host and you have
05:28:52:00	05:28:52:00	proper environmental conditions
05:28:52:00	05:28:55:00	and the disease Is present.
05:28:55:00	05:28:58:00	>> You may still get disease
05:28:58:00	05:28:59:00	Even even though the plant is
05:28:59:00	05:29:03:00	technically resistant To those
05:29:03:00	05:29:03:00	diseases.
05:29:03:00	05:29:04:00	>> So a little bit about
05:29:04:00	05:29:07:00	grafted Tomatoes if you have
05:29:07:00	05:29:08:00	had a lot of problems with
05:29:08:00	05:29:10:00	tomato diseases Particularly
05:29:10:00	05:29:11:00	sap Terria or early blight
05:29:11:00	05:29:14:00	which Are the two that I
05:29:14:00	05:29:15:00	mentioned that are the slow
05:29:15:00	05:29:17:00	death ones where you get spots
05:29:17:00	05:29:18:00	On the leaves and leaves start
05:29:18:00	05:29:19:00	to shed here and there and then
05:29:19:00	05:29:22:00	they fall Often.
05:29:22:00	05:29:22:00	You have these stems with
05:29:22:00	05:29:25:00	tomatoes hanging From them.
05:29:25:00	05:29:26:00	Everybody seen that unfortunate
05:29:26:00	05:29:29:00	situation So that those two
05:29:29:00	05:29:33:00	diseases Are both soil borne.
05:29:33:00	05:29:35:00	Now granted if you get enough
05:29:35:00	05:29:36:00	Into the environment they're
05:29:36:00	05:29:39:00	gonna be airborne as well.
05:29:39:00	05:29:40:00	But one of the things that you
05:29:40:00	05:29:42:00	can do if you're really having
05:29:42:00	05:29:43:00	Problems with those sorts of
05:29:43:00	05:29:46:00	diseases is you can get grafted
05:29:46:00	05:29:47:00	Tomatoes.
05:29:47:00	05:29:48:00	Now you can buy them in your
05:29:48:00	05:29:51:00	local greenhouse Garden center.
05:29:51:00	05:29:54:00	They do tend to be pricey.
05:29:54:00	05:29:55:00	>> But if your tomatoes are
05:29:55:00	05:29:58:00	really important to you that
05:29:58:00	05:29:58:00	Might be something to look at.
05:29:58:00	05:30:02:00	What they do is they Graft
05:30:02:00	05:30:02:00	the upper part of the plant
05:30:02:00	05:30:03:00	that has the tomato variety
05:30:03:00	05:30:06:00	that You want to a root stock
05:30:06:00	05:30:09:00	of tomato that is Resistant to
05:30:09:00	05:30:09:00	some of these diseases.
05:30:09:00	05:30:13:00	And it Is a fiddly process but
05:30:13:00	05:30:16:00	there is a really great video
05:30:16:00	05:30:17:00	At the Jonny's Seeds site that
05:30:17:00	05:30:20:00	you may want To check out and
05:30:20:00	05:30:21:00	it walks you through the steps.
05:30:21:00	05:30:24:00	>> It's not hard.
05:30:24:00	05:30:25:00	It's you know, you take a razor
05:30:25:00	05:30:27:00	blade and You lop off the top
05:30:27:00	05:30:28:00	of the tomato that you're
05:30:28:00	05:30:31:00	wanting To graft, make sure
05:30:31:00	05:30:32:00	that you have the root system
05:30:32:00	05:30:35:00	for the other Tomato standing
05:30:35:00	05:30:35:00	nearby.
05:30:35:00	05:30:39:00	>> And then there are clips Or
05:30:39:00	05:30:40:00	other things that you can use
05:30:40:00	05:30:42:00	to hold The two together until
05:30:42:00	05:30:46:00	the vascular systems Seal
05:30:46:00	05:30:46:00	themselves together.
05:30:46:00	05:30:47:00	Problem is you've got to have
05:30:47:00	05:30:50:00	the right environment.
05:30:50:00	05:30:51:00	It is a fiddly thing to do and
05:30:51:00	05:30:53:00	you have To really baby them
05:30:53:00	05:30:54:00	along for a little while.
05:30:54:00	05:30:57:00	But if you want Save some money
05:30:57:00	05:30:58:00	and you're an adventurous
05:30:58:00	05:31:01:00	tomato grower maybe you Want to
05:31:01:00	05:31:02:00	go ahead and try that.
05:31:02:00	05:31:04:00	Otherwise they do sell them for
05:31:04:00	05:31:05:00	About six bucks a pop at your
05:31:05:00	05:31:08:00	local Garden center.
05:31:08:00	05:31:09:00	So you know if you're growing
05:31:09:00	05:31:12:00	like 40 plants that's probably
05:31:12:00	05:31:12:00	Not feasible for you
05:31:12:00	05:31:15:00	economically but You might want
05:31:15:00	05:31:16:00	to try a couple if you've had a
05:31:16:00	05:31:19:00	lot of disease issues.
05:31:19:00	05:31:20:00	So do check out that video if
05:31:20:00	05:31:22:00	you're interested In grafting
05:31:22:00	05:31:26:00	tomato plants.
05:31:26:00	05:31:27:00	Did I miss one here?
05:31:27:00	05:31:28:00	Yes, I did.
05:31:28:00	05:31:30:00	No I didn't.
05:31:30:00	05:31:33:00	OK, OK so we'll start out by
05:31:33:00	05:31:34:00	Talking then about growing
05:31:34:00	05:31:37:00	tomatoes from seat so Tomatoes
05:31:37:00	05:31:38:00	because they have a long
05:31:38:00	05:31:38:00	growing season here in
05:31:38:00	05:31:40:00	Wisconsin.
05:31:40:00	05:31:41:00	We do need to start them from
05:31:41:00	05:31:41:00	seed indoors.
05:31:41:00	05:31:44:00	You Can't just broadcast
05:31:44:00	05:31:45:00	the seed outdoors like you
05:31:45:00	05:31:48:00	would with Some crops.
05:31:48:00	05:31:51:00	They just they won't Bloom and
05:31:51:00	05:31:55:00	produce fruit in time for you
05:31:55:00	05:31:56:00	Especially with our
05:31:56:00	05:31:58:00	unpredictable weather You
05:31:58:00	05:31:59:00	probably all experienced like I
05:31:59:00	05:32:03:00	did the Early onset of winter
05:32:03:00	05:32:06:00	this year which was Quite
05:32:06:00	05:32:06:00	disturbing.
05:32:06:00	05:32:09:00	But I mean it was after Tomato
05:32:09:00	05:32:13:00	time but still, you know, we
05:32:13:00	05:32:14:00	Were having issues with
05:32:14:00	05:32:16:00	the weather being unpredictable
05:32:16:00	05:32:16:00	.
05:32:16:00	05:32:17:00	So it's a good idea to try and
05:32:17:00	05:32:18:00	get tomatoes that are going to
05:32:18:00	05:32:21:00	ripen Earlier as opposed to
05:32:21:00	05:32:21:00	later.
05:32:21:00	05:32:25:00	So depending On your location
05:32:25:00	05:32:25:00	like if you're in Upper
05:32:25:00	05:32:28:00	Wisconsin You're probably going
05:32:28:00	05:32:31:00	to be putting out your tomatoes
05:32:31:00	05:32:32:00	Later so you're going to be
05:32:32:00	05:32:36:00	starting them inside later.
05:32:36:00	05:32:36:00	What you usually are going to
05:32:36:00	05:32:39:00	be doing is you look up On
05:32:39:00	05:32:40:00	the Internet when you're
05:32:40:00	05:32:43:00	supposed last frost date is I
05:32:43:00	05:32:44:00	say that with a bit of sarcasm
05:32:44:00	05:32:47:00	because The last frost date
05:32:47:00	05:32:50:00	actually is A median date.
05:32:50:00	05:32:51:00	So there's a 50 50 chance one
05:32:51:00	05:32:54:00	way Or the other that you're
05:32:54:00	05:32:55:00	going to have frost.
05:32:55:00	05:32:57:00	Those aren't great odds As far
05:32:57:00	05:32:57:00	as I'm concerned.
05:32:57:00	05:32:58:00	So sometimes I like to wait
05:32:58:00	05:33:01:00	about five Days past
05:33:01:00	05:33:05:00	the technical so-called Last
05:33:05:00	05:33:05:00	frost date to put the tomatoes
05:33:05:00	05:33:06:00	out.
05:33:06:00	05:33:09:00	>> Now I know some folks like
05:33:09:00	05:33:10:00	to rush it.
05:33:10:00	05:33:12:00	>> We'll talk about Wall Of
05:33:12:00	05:33:13:00	water and other things that you
05:33:13:00	05:33:14:00	can do to try and protect your
05:33:14:00	05:33:16:00	tomatoes Should adverse weather
05:33:16:00	05:33:20:00	conditions arrive.
05:33:20:00	05:33:21:00	But usually you want to start
05:33:21:00	05:33:23:00	your tomato plants between five
05:33:23:00	05:33:24:00	And seven weeks before your
05:33:24:00	05:33:25:00	area's last frost date and
05:33:25:00	05:33:27:00	again That's going to differ
05:33:27:00	05:33:28:00	depending on where you are in
05:33:28:00	05:33:31:00	the state Down here in
05:33:31:00	05:33:31:00	the Madison area.
05:33:31:00	05:33:34:00	Typically We have our master
05:33:34:00	05:33:38:00	gardeners have a plant sale In
05:33:38:00	05:33:41:00	about middle of May, fourth
05:33:41:00	05:33:41:00	week of May.
05:33:41:00	05:33:45:00	And so we start our tomatoes
05:33:45:00	05:33:45:00	Usually around the end of
05:33:45:00	05:33:46:00	March.
05:33:46:00	05:33:46:00	Otherwise they get too big.
05:33:46:00	05:33:49:00	So usually sometime around
05:33:49:00	05:33:52:00	March 15th to March 20th, March
05:33:52:00	05:33:53:00	25th even if it's a really
05:33:53:00	05:33:56:00	large Type tomato.
05:33:56:00	05:33:57:00	>> If you're living in
05:33:57:00	05:34:00:00	the southern Area, the state is
05:34:00:00	05:34:01:00	a good time to start it.
05:34:01:00	05:34:04:00	Now If you're living in
05:34:04:00	05:34:05:00	the upper part of the state
05:34:05:00	05:34:06:00	where maybe you're not putting
05:34:06:00	05:34:07:00	your Tomatoes out till June,
05:34:07:00	05:34:11:00	then you May want to wait quite
05:34:11:00	05:34:12:00	a bit later to start your
05:34:12:00	05:34:14:00	tomato plants Indoors.
05:34:14:00	05:34:15:00	The thing is if you start them
05:34:15:00	05:34:18:00	too early they get really long
05:34:18:00	05:34:19:00	And leggy and they're difficult
05:34:19:00	05:34:19:00	to transplant.
05:34:19:00	05:34:22:00	You can Do it but it's
05:34:22:00	05:34:23:00	certainly not as much fun as if
05:34:23:00	05:34:26:00	it's At a proper size.
05:34:26:00	05:34:27:00	The other thing to think about
05:34:27:00	05:34:30:00	is what Am I going to start my
05:34:30:00	05:34:30:00	tomato seeds in?
05:34:30:00	05:34:32:00	We recommend using Seed
05:34:32:00	05:34:32:00	starter.
05:34:32:00	05:34:36:00	There are organic ones And
05:34:36:00	05:34:37:00	traditional ones so there's
05:34:37:00	05:34:40:00	lots of different Brands out
05:34:40:00	05:34:40:00	there.
05:34:40:00	05:34:43:00	The idea is that a seed
05:34:43:00	05:34:44:00	Starting mix is very light and
05:34:44:00	05:34:48:00	fluffy So that it's very easy
05:34:48:00	05:34:48:00	for the roots to spread through
05:34:48:00	05:34:49:00	the media.
05:34:49:00	05:34:52:00	You don't want to use something
05:34:52:00	05:34:52:00	that's too heavy.
05:34:52:00	05:34:54:00	Like some of the potting soil
05:34:54:00	05:34:55:00	Mixes can be pretty heavy for
05:34:55:00	05:34:59:00	seeds to be Able to, you know,
05:34:59:00	05:35:02:00	muscle their roots out through
05:35:02:00	05:35:03:00	And you can start them.
05:35:03:00	05:35:06:00	You can use flats If you want
05:35:06:00	05:35:07:00	to and just seed them in rows
05:35:07:00	05:35:10:00	or You can start them in those
05:35:10:00	05:35:11:00	little market packs which are
05:35:11:00	05:35:13:00	the four to six Packs that you
05:35:13:00	05:35:13:00	get at the garden center.
05:35:13:00	05:35:16:00	You can use peat Pots if you
05:35:16:00	05:35:17:00	want to.
05:35:17:00	05:35:18:00	You can start them in
05:35:18:00	05:35:20:00	terracotta Pots.
05:35:20:00	05:35:24:00	The container isn't necessarily
05:35:24:00	05:35:25:00	So important unless of course
05:35:25:00	05:35:26:00	it's peat pots and you want to
05:35:26:00	05:35:28:00	planted In the ground then you
05:35:28:00	05:35:29:00	need to make sure to peel that
05:35:29:00	05:35:31:00	pot off.
05:35:31:00	05:35:32:00	But for most of these you're
05:35:32:00	05:35:33:00	going to be growing it in
05:35:33:00	05:35:36:00	the container And then
05:35:36:00	05:35:36:00	transplanting it into the soil.
05:35:36:00	05:35:39:00	If you started it too Early you
05:35:39:00	05:35:40:00	may have to transplant it one
05:35:40:00	05:35:43:00	more time from a smaller Pot to
05:35:43:00	05:35:43:00	a bigger pot.
05:35:43:00	05:35:47:00	>> So usually If if you're
05:35:47:00	05:35:50:00	growing the tomatoes for four
05:35:50:00	05:35:51:00	To five weeks you may find
05:35:51:00	05:35:52:00	though that you need to
05:35:52:00	05:35:54:00	transplant At the four to five
05:35:54:00	05:35:54:00	week mark.
05:35:54:00	05:35:58:00	>> You can certainly Use a
05:35:58:00	05:35:58:00	regular potting mix because
05:35:58:00	05:36:01:00	they're going to be going out
05:36:01:00	05:36:02:00	Into the field fairly soon.
05:36:02:00	05:36:05:00	>> Now an optimal Germination
05:36:05:00	05:36:06:00	temperature for the media not
05:36:06:00	05:36:09:00	talking about the air But for
05:36:09:00	05:36:10:00	the actual media is between 70
05:36:10:00	05:36:13:00	and 85 degrees.
05:36:13:00	05:36:13:00	That can be very difficult to
05:36:13:00	05:36:16:00	achieve without a heat mat Or
05:36:16:00	05:36:16:00	something like that.
05:36:16:00	05:36:17:00	Now that's just optimal.
05:36:17:00	05:36:20:00	That doesn't Mean that they
05:36:20:00	05:36:21:00	won't germinate at 65 degrees.
05:36:21:00	05:36:24:00	For example, Or 60 degrees even
05:36:24:00	05:36:25:00	you just don't want it to be
05:36:25:00	05:36:28:00	too Cold because of it's too
05:36:28:00	05:36:28:00	cold.
05:36:28:00	05:36:29:00	They're going to just sit there
05:36:29:00	05:36:32:00	and not germinate And that is
05:36:32:00	05:36:34:00	one of the problems that we do
05:36:34:00	05:36:36:00	See is when people have a media
05:36:36:00	05:36:39:00	that Maybe they're growing
05:36:39:00	05:36:40:00	their seeds in the basement.
05:36:40:00	05:36:43:00	>> I did that.
05:36:43:00	05:36:44:00	I had troubles with it because
05:36:44:00	05:36:46:00	my basement is cold But that's
05:36:46:00	05:36:47:00	the only place I could have a
05:36:47:00	05:36:48:00	shut door that the cats
05:36:48:00	05:36:50:00	wouldn't get.
05:36:50:00	05:36:51:00	So there you have it.
05:36:51:00	05:36:54:00	So I ended up buying A heat map
05:36:54:00	05:36:55:00	and that I was really startled
05:36:55:00	05:36:57:00	at Just how much that did
05:36:57:00	05:37:01:00	increase my germination rate If
05:37:01:00	05:37:01:00	you use a heat map.
05:37:01:00	05:37:02:00	There are a number of different
05:37:02:00	05:37:05:00	brands Out there but you do
05:37:05:00	05:37:06:00	want to make sure that you get
05:37:06:00	05:37:08:00	something that is appropriate
05:37:08:00	05:37:09:00	For growing seedlings and
05:37:09:00	05:37:12:00	usually with tomatoes They
05:37:12:00	05:37:13:00	germinate very well even if
05:37:13:00	05:37:16:00	it's a little bit older Seed
05:37:16:00	05:37:16:00	usually they germinate pretty
05:37:16:00	05:37:20:00	well six to 12 days Is about
05:37:20:00	05:37:21:00	when you should start to see
05:37:21:00	05:37:24:00	some Little leaves popping up
05:37:24:00	05:37:27:00	among the soil.
05:37:27:00	05:37:31:00	>> Another thing to think about
05:37:31:00	05:37:31:00	Is appropriate lighting one way
05:37:31:00	05:37:34:00	to not get tall Stretchy
05:37:34:00	05:37:35:00	tomatoes is to make sure that
05:37:35:00	05:37:38:00	you have good lights.
05:37:38:00	05:37:39:00	I don't really recommend using
05:37:39:00	05:37:42:00	the plain Old fluorescent tubes
05:37:42:00	05:37:43:00	we used to recommend you could
05:37:43:00	05:37:46:00	use a Blue fluorescent or white
05:37:46:00	05:37:46:00	fluorescent tube and then what
05:37:46:00	05:37:49:00	we call a Warm white
05:37:49:00	05:37:49:00	fluorescent.
05:37:49:00	05:37:51:00	>> So you kind of had a blue
05:37:51:00	05:37:52:00	and a pink cast To the two
05:37:52:00	05:37:53:00	different types of lights.
05:37:53:00	05:37:56:00	It really works a lot Better if
05:37:56:00	05:37:57:00	you are able to use an actual
05:37:57:00	05:38:01:00	grow light Or if you can afford
05:38:01:00	05:38:04:00	it an LCD light Is really
05:38:04:00	05:38:05:00	awesome as well.
05:38:05:00	05:38:06:00	>> I've seen some really nice
05:38:06:00	05:38:08:00	results with Some of those but
05:38:08:00	05:38:08:00	some of them can be pretty
05:38:08:00	05:38:11:00	pricey as well.
05:38:11:00	05:38:12:00	>> You want to make sure that
05:38:12:00	05:38:14:00	if you're using natural Light
05:38:14:00	05:38:15:00	instead of a girl light that
05:38:15:00	05:38:19:00	you keep rotating the flats
05:38:19:00	05:38:20:00	Because what's going to happen
05:38:20:00	05:38:21:00	is your seedlings are going to
05:38:21:00	05:38:22:00	say Oh there's more light next
05:38:22:00	05:38:23:00	To the window.
05:38:23:00	05:38:24:00	I mean I've been that way.
05:38:24:00	05:38:27:00	And so you Rotate them to keep
05:38:27:00	05:38:27:00	them growing straight up so
05:38:27:00	05:38:30:00	that They don't keep bending
05:38:30:00	05:38:30:00	towards that light source.
05:38:30:00	05:38:34:00	>> Now if you're using grow
05:38:34:00	05:38:35:00	lights even though they seem
05:38:35:00	05:38:38:00	really bright, they're still
05:38:38:00	05:38:38:00	not as strong as natural
05:38:38:00	05:38:39:00	sunlight.
05:38:39:00	05:38:41:00	And so you want to keep those
05:38:41:00	05:38:42:00	lights on about 16 hours a day.
05:38:42:00	05:38:45:00	You don't want to keep them on
05:38:45:00	05:38:45:00	24 necessarily.
05:38:45:00	05:38:49:00	That Doesn't do any any doesn't
05:38:49:00	05:38:51:00	add any value.
05:38:51:00	05:38:52:00	But the research that they've
05:38:52:00	05:38:56:00	done shows that about 16 hours
05:38:56:00	05:38:56:00	is about what you want and you
05:38:56:00	05:38:59:00	want to make sure That
05:38:59:00	05:39:00:00	the plant tops are just a
05:39:00:00	05:39:03:00	couple of inches From those
05:39:03:00	05:39:03:00	lights.
05:39:03:00	05:39:07:00	And that's another Reason to be
05:39:07:00	05:39:09:00	careful about the type of light
05:39:09:00	05:39:10:00	That you use because obviously
05:39:10:00	05:39:11:00	you don't want to have
05:39:11:00	05:39:13:00	something that gives off a lot
05:39:13:00	05:39:14:00	Heat and Frazier tomatoes you
05:39:14:00	05:39:18:00	want to fire tomatoes Yourself
05:39:18:00	05:39:18:00	when they've actually develop
05:39:18:00	05:39:21:00	fruits.
05:39:21:00	05:39:22:00	>> So trying to keep it a
05:39:22:00	05:39:25:00	couple of inches from
05:39:25:00	05:39:25:00	The lights.
05:39:25:00	05:39:26:00	What we do is we have our
05:39:26:00	05:39:29:00	lights On chains and as
05:39:29:00	05:39:30:00	the plants grow up we just move
05:39:30:00	05:39:33:00	the chains Up so that
05:39:33:00	05:39:33:00	the lights can move.
05:39:33:00	05:39:37:00	Now if We to do that what you
05:39:37:00	05:39:38:00	might want to do is instead do
05:39:38:00	05:39:40:00	the other Thing which is you
05:39:40:00	05:39:41:00	put some boxes or bricks or
05:39:41:00	05:39:44:00	what have you underneath
05:39:44:00	05:39:44:00	The flat when they're small and
05:39:44:00	05:39:48:00	then just keep removing them As
05:39:48:00	05:39:48:00	the plant gets bigger.
05:39:48:00	05:39:49:00	So either the plant or
05:39:49:00	05:39:51:00	the light has to Move to keep
05:39:51:00	05:39:54:00	the leaves in the appropriate
05:39:54:00	05:39:55:00	Orientation.
05:39:55:00	05:39:58:00	>> The great thing About grow
05:39:58:00	05:39:59:00	lights is that technology has
05:39:59:00	05:40:02:00	gotten so Much better over
05:40:02:00	05:40:05:00	the last 10 15 years Especially
05:40:05:00	05:40:06:00	now that we do have LCD lights
05:40:06:00	05:40:09:00	available.
05:40:09:00	05:40:10:00	They are getting really close
05:40:10:00	05:40:12:00	to regular sunlight So that's
05:40:12:00	05:40:16:00	awesome.
05:40:16:00	05:40:20:00	>> You can see in this picture
05:40:20:00	05:40:21:00	It's a little bit hard to see
05:40:21:00	05:40:23:00	but these are probably about
05:40:23:00	05:40:24:00	Four inches from the lights and
05:40:24:00	05:40:27:00	they're also not tomato Plants
05:40:27:00	05:40:28:00	but it was the best picture I
05:40:28:00	05:40:28:00	could find.
05:40:28:00	05:40:31:00	So These should be actually
05:40:31:00	05:40:34:00	moved a little bit closer A
05:40:34:00	05:40:38:00	little Bit about watering
05:40:38:00	05:40:39:00	seedlings are delicate and
05:40:39:00	05:40:43:00	fragile Things so you need to
05:40:43:00	05:40:43:00	make sure that they don't dry
05:40:43:00	05:40:46:00	out But you need to make sure
05:40:46:00	05:40:46:00	they're not swimming in water
05:40:46:00	05:40:47:00	either.
05:40:47:00	05:40:49:00	>> It's Very easy if you're
05:40:49:00	05:40:52:00	growing in the little Plastic
05:40:52:00	05:40:56:00	packs you know that fill it fit
05:40:56:00	05:40:56:00	Into a flat.
05:40:56:00	05:40:58:00	>> It's easy to have that water
05:40:58:00	05:41:00:00	flow through And not realize
05:41:00:00	05:41:01:00	that in the bottom of the flat
05:41:01:00	05:41:03:00	you're building up you know,
05:41:03:00	05:41:04:00	half inch of water.
05:41:04:00	05:41:05:00	>> So it's a good idea after
05:41:05:00	05:41:08:00	you've watered To lift up some
05:41:08:00	05:41:08:00	of those and just see what
05:41:08:00	05:41:11:00	you've got on the bottom.
05:41:11:00	05:41:12:00	My favorite tool is a turkey
05:41:12:00	05:41:16:00	baster That I don't use for
05:41:16:00	05:41:19:00	turkey and I Stick it in there
05:41:19:00	05:41:20:00	and  up any of the extra water
05:41:20:00	05:41:23:00	that's In there so
05:41:23:00	05:41:23:00	the seedlings aren't sitting in
05:41:23:00	05:41:23:00	water.
05:41:23:00	05:41:27:00	You can water them from below
05:41:27:00	05:41:31:00	if you so desire If you wanted
05:41:31:00	05:41:31:00	to fill up the flat.
05:41:31:00	05:41:34:00	And you know to about Half an
05:41:34:00	05:41:35:00	inch no more than that and let
05:41:35:00	05:41:37:00	them sit for about 20 Minutes
05:41:37:00	05:41:38:00	it will absorb the water and
05:41:38:00	05:41:41:00	then you pour the water off.
05:41:41:00	05:41:42:00	It's just it's a little bit
05:41:42:00	05:41:45:00	more Work to do that so you
05:41:45:00	05:41:48:00	don't want to allow Those
05:41:48:00	05:41:49:00	plants to be sitting in water
05:41:49:00	05:41:50:00	for long periods.
05:41:50:00	05:41:52:00	Now When you first are
05:41:52:00	05:41:53:00	germinating the seeds if you
05:41:53:00	05:41:56:00	wish you can use Humidity domes
05:41:56:00	05:41:56:00	they tend to be fairly
05:41:56:00	05:42:00:00	expensive But they do work
05:42:00:00	05:42:00:00	really well.
05:42:00:00	05:42:04:00	So You know, maybe you want to
05:42:04:00	05:42:05:00	invest in a couple of them if
05:42:05:00	05:42:06:00	you're going to invest in some
05:42:06:00	05:42:07:00	I would invest in the taller
05:42:07:00	05:42:10:00	ones rather than shorter Ones
05:42:10:00	05:42:12:00	and those don't need to be on
05:42:12:00	05:42:14:00	very Long.
05:42:14:00	05:42:16:00	Once your seedlings are half an
05:42:16:00	05:42:18:00	inch Tall or so you can
05:42:18:00	05:42:22:00	definitely take those Humidity
05:42:22:00	05:42:22:00	domes off.
05:42:22:00	05:42:23:00	It's just when they're they're
05:42:23:00	05:42:25:00	very small that They can be
05:42:25:00	05:42:25:00	helpful.
05:42:25:00	05:42:29:00	Also when you're watering In
05:42:29:00	05:42:30:00	make sure that you don't have a
05:42:30:00	05:42:30:00	watering can.
05:42:30:00	05:42:33:00	That has a big hole On it
05:42:33:00	05:42:34:00	because it's easy to totally
05:42:34:00	05:42:37:00	wash Those seedlings out.
05:42:37:00	05:42:38:00	>> So I recommend using a
05:42:38:00	05:42:41:00	watering Can that has what they
05:42:41:00	05:42:44:00	call a rose on the end Which is
05:42:44:00	05:42:45:00	that big round part that has
05:42:45:00	05:42:47:00	the holes poked in it one with
05:42:47:00	05:42:48:00	Some very fine holes in them
05:42:48:00	05:42:51:00	small holes In them, not large
05:42:51:00	05:42:52:00	holes.
05:42:52:00	05:42:53:00	The other thing that I've found
05:42:53:00	05:42:55:00	works really Well is if you
05:42:55:00	05:42:56:00	have a water bottle you can
05:42:56:00	05:42:59:00	poke some Holes in that just a
05:42:59:00	05:43:02:00	plain old plastic water bottle
05:43:02:00	05:43:03:00	And kind of squeeze it a little
05:43:03:00	05:43:03:00	bit.
05:43:03:00	05:43:04:00	The master gardeners have
05:43:04:00	05:43:06:00	really enjoyed Doing that at
05:43:06:00	05:43:07:00	the office because it's very
05:43:07:00	05:43:10:00	precise and you don't End up
05:43:10:00	05:43:13:00	watering the table or the floor
05:43:13:00	05:43:13:00	Quite so much.
05:43:13:00	05:43:17:00	>> Also keep in mind that If
05:43:17:00	05:43:18:00	it's possible to water from
05:43:18:00	05:43:22:00	the bottom or Any way to keep
05:43:22:00	05:43:24:00	leaves and the media wet from
05:43:24:00	05:43:25:00	Being wet for long periods of
05:43:25:00	05:43:25:00	time, that's another reason
05:43:25:00	05:43:28:00	that that little Squirt bottle
05:43:28:00	05:43:29:00	thing works out really nice is
05:43:29:00	05:43:31:00	because you can water right at
05:43:31:00	05:43:32:00	The base whereas with a
05:43:32:00	05:43:33:00	watering can you are going to
05:43:33:00	05:43:35:00	get the leaves Wet if
05:43:35:00	05:43:36:00	the leaves are wet for a little
05:43:36:00	05:43:39:00	while that's fine and dandy.
05:43:39:00	05:43:40:00	But what we do worry about is
05:43:40:00	05:43:43:00	fungal diseases because Fungi
05:43:43:00	05:43:44:00	like to germinate on wet
05:43:44:00	05:43:44:00	surface.
05:43:44:00	05:43:47:00	>> So if the Leaves are wet for
05:43:47:00	05:43:48:00	too long then you can have
05:43:48:00	05:43:50:00	issues With that.
05:43:50:00	05:43:54:00	There are also diseases that
05:43:54:00	05:43:55:00	Will attack the root system.
05:43:55:00	05:43:56:00	If you've ever had what looks
05:43:56:00	05:43:58:00	like a happy Little seedling
05:43:58:00	05:43:59:00	that's growing like this and
05:43:59:00	05:44:00:00	all of a sudden it does that
05:44:00:00	05:44:02:00	and you look at The base and
05:44:02:00	05:44:03:00	it's kind of shriveled up.
05:44:03:00	05:44:06:00	That could Be a disease called
05:44:06:00	05:44:10:00	pithy or fight top Throw one of
05:44:10:00	05:44:10:00	those two.
05:44:10:00	05:44:11:00	>> There are a few others but
05:44:11:00	05:44:12:00	those are the most common And
05:44:12:00	05:44:13:00	that symptom is called damping
05:44:13:00	05:44:16:00	off and you Often will find
05:44:16:00	05:44:20:00	that with soil that hasn't Been
05:44:20:00	05:44:24:00	properly pasteurized Or with
05:44:24:00	05:44:25:00	just plants that have been kept
05:44:25:00	05:44:27:00	to wet.
05:44:27:00	05:44:28:00	So with the tomatoes you do
05:44:28:00	05:44:29:00	want allow some watering
05:44:29:00	05:44:32:00	between Or some drying between
05:44:32:00	05:44:35:00	watering but you don't want To
05:44:35:00	05:44:36:00	allow those seedlings to get
05:44:36:00	05:44:37:00	too dry again they're fairly
05:44:37:00	05:44:40:00	fragile So you do need to keep
05:44:40:00	05:44:42:00	an eye on them and keep
05:44:42:00	05:44:43:00	Checking them especially if
05:44:43:00	05:44:44:00	you're growing in a small
05:44:44:00	05:44:47:00	container And they start to get
05:44:47:00	05:44:50:00	you know, about an inch tall
05:44:50:00	05:44:51:00	You might want to think about
05:44:51:00	05:44:52:00	transplanting them just so that
05:44:52:00	05:44:55:00	you don't Have the worry of
05:44:55:00	05:44:55:00	them drying out.
05:44:55:00	05:44:58:00	So when you have seedlings It's
05:44:58:00	05:44:59:00	not a good time to go on
05:44:59:00	05:45:00:00	vacation unless you really
05:45:00:00	05:45:05:00	trust Your seedling baby sitter
05:45:05:00	05:45:05:00	.
05:45:05:00	05:45:09:00	>> So here's The humidity domes
05:45:09:00	05:45:10:00	again the small ones they're
05:45:10:00	05:45:13:00	fine But they don't to allow
05:45:13:00	05:45:14:00	the plant to get very big.
05:45:14:00	05:45:16:00	One thing you Don't want to
05:45:16:00	05:45:17:00	have happen is have the leaves
05:45:17:00	05:45:20:00	get plastered Against the top
05:45:20:00	05:45:22:00	of the dome and especially If
05:45:22:00	05:45:23:00	they're wet because again you
05:45:23:00	05:45:26:00	can end up with fungal issues
05:45:26:00	05:45:27:00	That way.
05:45:27:00	05:45:28:00	Now again, you don't have to
05:45:28:00	05:45:31:00	use these if you Don't want to.
05:45:31:00	05:45:32:00	It is helpful but it's
05:45:32:00	05:45:35:00	absolutely not required Then
05:45:35:00	05:45:38:00	fertilizing seedlings.
05:45:38:00	05:45:39:00	The thing about seeds starting
05:45:39:00	05:45:39:00	mix is that although it's
05:45:39:00	05:45:42:00	wonderful Light and fluffy and
05:45:42:00	05:45:43:00	all of that it has very little
05:45:43:00	05:45:46:00	nutrition In it.
05:45:46:00	05:45:48:00	So once the seedlings have
05:45:48:00	05:45:49:00	Germinated you're getting good
05:45:49:00	05:45:50:00	roots they're about an inch
05:45:50:00	05:45:53:00	tall then you need to Start
05:45:53:00	05:45:53:00	thinking about fertilizing.
05:45:53:00	05:45:57:00	>> Now if you decided Not to
05:45:57:00	05:45:58:00	use a seed starting mix and
05:45:58:00	05:46:00:00	instead you used An organic
05:46:00:00	05:46:04:00	product to start those In then
05:46:04:00	05:46:05:00	you don't necessarily need to
05:46:05:00	05:46:08:00	worry About the fertilization
05:46:08:00	05:46:11:00	or you can use something Like
05:46:11:00	05:46:11:00	compost tea.
05:46:11:00	05:46:12:00	You can use compost tea.
05:46:12:00	05:46:15:00	Also if You're using
05:46:15:00	05:46:16:00	the regular seeds starting mix
05:46:16:00	05:46:19:00	the problem I've observed with
05:46:19:00	05:46:22:00	some organic mixes for Starting
05:46:22:00	05:46:23:00	seeds is that they may be a
05:46:23:00	05:46:26:00	little bit heavy And they might
05:46:26:00	05:46:27:00	stay wet too long.
05:46:27:00	05:46:31:00	So That is that is one thing
05:46:31:00	05:46:33:00	that can happen.
05:46:33:00	05:46:33:00	All right.
05:46:33:00	05:46:35:00	So when you start using a
05:46:35:00	05:46:37:00	fertilizer Whether it's an
05:46:37:00	05:46:38:00	organic product like fish
05:46:38:00	05:46:40:00	mulching compost tea Or a
05:46:40:00	05:46:44:00	traditional 10 10 10 fertilizer
05:46:44:00	05:46:45:00	Especially if you're using
05:46:45:00	05:46:45:00	the traditional product, be
05:46:45:00	05:46:49:00	sure to dilute It to about half
05:46:49:00	05:46:52:00	strength and you want To
05:46:52:00	05:46:53:00	fertilize about every other
05:46:53:00	05:46:53:00	week.
05:46:53:00	05:46:54:00	>> Now if the seedlings should
05:46:54:00	05:46:56:00	start To become an off color
05:46:56:00	05:46:57:00	yellow or something like that,
05:46:57:00	05:47:00:00	then You can up the amount of
05:47:00:00	05:47:00:00	fertilizer.
05:47:00:00	05:47:03:00	The strength of the fertilizer
05:47:03:00	05:47:04:00	That you're using and once they
05:47:04:00	05:47:07:00	get to be about four inches You
05:47:07:00	05:47:08:00	should definitely do that.
05:47:08:00	05:47:09:00	As I mentioned, there are
05:47:09:00	05:47:12:00	organic Products you can use if
05:47:12:00	05:47:12:00	you prefer not to use
05:47:12:00	05:47:14:00	the traditional ones.
05:47:14:00	05:47:15:00	Now once the plants start to
05:47:15:00	05:47:19:00	get About three to four weeks
05:47:19:00	05:47:22:00	old and they've got a number Of
05:47:22:00	05:47:25:00	strong true leaves not
05:47:25:00	05:47:26:00	the Cattle Eden's that first
05:47:26:00	05:47:29:00	come out but the actual true
05:47:29:00	05:47:30:00	Leaves like in the picture here
05:47:30:00	05:47:31:00	you can see the cattle leaders
05:47:31:00	05:47:34:00	are At the base.
05:47:34:00	05:47:34:00	That's the little tiny leaves
05:47:34:00	05:47:35:00	at the base.
05:47:35:00	05:47:37:00	The true leaves The ones at
05:47:37:00	05:47:37:00	the top.
05:47:37:00	05:47:40:00	So there is something that We
05:47:40:00	05:47:41:00	do with tomatoes called
05:47:41:00	05:47:45:00	pinching and that You want to
05:47:45:00	05:47:46:00	make your pinch right above a
05:47:46:00	05:47:48:00	leaf Axle.
05:47:48:00	05:47:49:00	That's where the leaf hits
05:47:49:00	05:47:52:00	the stem and You don't want to
05:47:52:00	05:47:53:00	leave a long piece of stem that
05:47:53:00	05:47:55:00	would be called and Internode
05:47:55:00	05:47:56:00	But you also don't want to have
05:47:56:00	05:47:59:00	it so close to the leaf That it
05:47:59:00	05:47:59:00	dries out.
05:47:59:00	05:48:02:00	The idea that your The whole
05:48:02:00	05:48:06:00	thing behind pinching is that
05:48:06:00	05:48:07:00	You're forcing the plant to
05:48:07:00	05:48:10:00	branch out By removing those
05:48:10:00	05:48:13:00	top leaves that have an oxygen
05:48:13:00	05:48:14:00	Supply.
05:48:14:00	05:48:18:00	>> It will create a Or it will
05:48:18:00	05:48:20:00	take away the suppressing
05:48:20:00	05:48:21:00	Effect of that and by removing
05:48:21:00	05:48:25:00	those top leaves and allow it
05:48:25:00	05:48:26:00	To start branching out.
05:48:26:00	05:48:28:00	So you get a a plant with more
05:48:28:00	05:48:28:00	Branches.
05:48:28:00	05:48:32:00	When you do pinching Hardening
05:48:32:00	05:48:36:00	off then and Planting out.
05:48:36:00	05:48:37:00	>> So again you want to look at
05:48:37:00	05:48:39:00	what your last Frost state is
05:48:39:00	05:48:40:00	and also even though you've
05:48:40:00	05:48:43:00	looked At your last frost state
05:48:43:00	05:48:44:00	take into consideration what
05:48:44:00	05:48:46:00	the what The weather is
05:48:46:00	05:48:47:00	actually doing if it's gonna be
05:48:47:00	05:48:50:00	below 50 degrees I'd even say
05:48:50:00	05:48:54:00	55 degrees Then it's probably
05:48:54:00	05:48:57:00	too cold to put those Plants
05:48:57:00	05:48:57:00	out.
05:48:57:00	05:48:58:00	>> They're very sensitive to
05:48:58:00	05:49:01:00	cold temperatures.
05:49:01:00	05:49:02:00	It can stump them if they're
05:49:02:00	05:49:05:00	put outside too early.
05:49:05:00	05:49:06:00	>> The hardening off process is
05:49:06:00	05:49:08:00	where you put the plant Outside
05:49:08:00	05:49:12:00	for a few hours a day maybe In
05:49:12:00	05:49:13:00	a shady location so that it's
05:49:13:00	05:49:16:00	not subjected to direct
05:49:16:00	05:49:16:00	Sunlight then you bring them
05:49:16:00	05:49:17:00	back in at night.
05:49:17:00	05:49:19:00	It's a good idea to Have a
05:49:19:00	05:49:20:00	wagon or a wheelbarrow for this
05:49:20:00	05:49:23:00	if you have a couple Of flats
05:49:23:00	05:49:27:00	so that you can move them In a
05:49:27:00	05:49:27:00	timely fashion.
05:49:27:00	05:49:31:00	Also Keep in mind that if
05:49:31:00	05:49:31:00	the temperature overnight is
05:49:31:00	05:49:34:00	going to be below 45 You may
05:49:34:00	05:49:35:00	want to protect those tomatoes
05:49:35:00	05:49:38:00	and there Are various ways that
05:49:38:00	05:49:38:00	you can do that that I'll be
05:49:38:00	05:49:39:00	talking about in just a minute.
05:49:39:00	05:49:42:00	Also they will not start
05:49:42:00	05:49:45:00	producing fruit or Flowers
05:49:45:00	05:49:46:00	until the night temperatures
05:49:46:00	05:49:49:00	are over 55 degrees.
05:49:49:00	05:49:50:00	>> So sometimes we have issues
05:49:50:00	05:49:52:00	in mid summer when we Get a
05:49:52:00	05:49:53:00	cool spell and the temperatures
05:49:53:00	05:49:57:00	go below 55 Were quite close to
05:49:57:00	05:50:01:00	55 for you know, A few days
05:50:01:00	05:50:01:00	where tomato buds may actually
05:50:01:00	05:50:05:00	abort And if your tomatoes went
05:50:05:00	05:50:08:00	by the time you're Going to put
05:50:08:00	05:50:08:00	them out if you find that
05:50:08:00	05:50:09:00	they're leggy, that's OK with
05:50:09:00	05:50:11:00	tomato Plants.
05:50:11:00	05:50:12:00	>> Unlike a lot of other plants
05:50:12:00	05:50:13:00	they produce what we call
05:50:13:00	05:50:15:00	Advent Vicious roots.
05:50:15:00	05:50:17:00	Those are roots that will be
05:50:17:00	05:50:19:00	produced anywhere Along
05:50:19:00	05:50:20:00	the stem.
05:50:20:00	05:50:21:00	So if you have a leggy tomato
05:50:21:00	05:50:23:00	you can plant it Up to like
05:50:23:00	05:50:26:00	four inches deeper than
05:50:26:00	05:50:27:00	The base of the soil kind of
05:50:27:00	05:50:30:00	laid in there sideways.
05:50:30:00	05:50:31:00	And prop up the stem.
05:50:31:00	05:50:32:00	Make sure that obviously you
05:50:32:00	05:50:34:00	don't break the stem.
05:50:34:00	05:50:35:00	But that's that's how you can
05:50:35:00	05:50:39:00	deal with leggy tomatoes.
05:50:39:00	05:50:39:00	Make sure that you prune off
05:50:39:00	05:50:40:00	any leaves that are going to be
05:50:40:00	05:50:41:00	underground.
05:50:41:00	05:50:42:00	But they should they should do
05:50:42:00	05:50:45:00	fine.
05:50:45:00	05:50:46:00	So here's the protection.
05:50:46:00	05:50:49:00	There is a product called
05:50:49:00	05:50:50:00	Wallow Water.
05:50:50:00	05:50:50:00	There are other brands
05:50:50:00	05:50:51:00	available as well.
05:50:51:00	05:50:53:00	You don't have to have the pink
05:50:53:00	05:50:54:00	one but they have done some
05:50:54:00	05:50:57:00	research That shows that red
05:50:57:00	05:51:01:00	plastic put around the Base of
05:51:01:00	05:51:02:00	the plant can help the tomato
05:51:02:00	05:51:05:00	to be Up to 20 percent more
05:51:05:00	05:51:08:00	productive but You'd need to
05:51:08:00	05:51:09:00	make sure that the tomato can
05:51:09:00	05:51:09:00	also get water.
05:51:09:00	05:51:12:00	So You need to cut out around
05:51:12:00	05:51:13:00	the base so that the tomato
05:51:13:00	05:51:15:00	plant Can get water.
05:51:15:00	05:51:16:00	But the thing about water is
05:51:16:00	05:51:19:00	that when it's cold At night it
05:51:19:00	05:51:20:00	is going to as it cools give
05:51:20:00	05:51:22:00	off heat and that will help
05:51:22:00	05:51:23:00	Protect your tomato against
05:51:23:00	05:51:23:00	those cold temperatures.
05:51:23:00	05:51:27:00	Now obviously If your tomato is
05:51:27:00	05:51:28:00	sticking out the top like it is
05:51:28:00	05:51:30:00	in the second Photo, the Burpee
05:51:30:00	05:51:31:00	dot.com one that part of
05:51:31:00	05:51:34:00	the plant is Not going to be
05:51:34:00	05:51:34:00	protected.
05:51:34:00	05:51:37:00	So you would need to find Some
05:51:37:00	05:51:40:00	way to cover that Then pruning
05:51:40:00	05:51:44:00	out suckers what suckers Are
05:51:44:00	05:51:44:00	our side growth?
05:51:44:00	05:51:45:00	>> And Brian really?
05:51:45:00	05:51:48:00	Brian from the plant disease
05:51:48:00	05:51:49:00	diagnostic clinic really
05:51:49:00	05:51:51:00	recommends doing This.
05:51:51:00	05:51:52:00	Also my friend Claire
05:51:52:00	05:51:55:00	Straighter, the organic Farm
05:51:55:00	05:51:59:00	educator from my office.
05:51:59:00	05:52:00:00	The reason for that is because
05:52:00:00	05:52:02:00	they will help to Keep
05:52:02:00	05:52:03:00	the canopy kind of thinned out
05:52:03:00	05:52:04:00	so you'll get better air
05:52:04:00	05:52:06:00	circulate Action and better
05:52:06:00	05:52:10:00	development of the Fruits.
05:52:10:00	05:52:11:00	What the suckers tend to do is
05:52:11:00	05:52:14:00	they Start to form their own
05:52:14:00	05:52:15:00	branches and flowers and fruit
05:52:15:00	05:52:17:00	and it can get Very congested.
05:52:17:00	05:52:18:00	Now you don't need to prune out
05:52:18:00	05:52:21:00	every single last One of them
05:52:21:00	05:52:22:00	by any means but especially
05:52:22:00	05:52:25:00	when it's young It's helpful
05:52:25:00	05:52:26:00	too to do that.
05:52:26:00	05:52:29:00	I also And you can see there
05:52:29:00	05:52:29:00	they're pointing to where those
05:52:29:00	05:52:32:00	suckers are and you can see
05:52:32:00	05:52:36:00	There between stem and the Leaf
05:52:36:00	05:52:36:00	stem.
05:52:36:00	05:52:40:00	>> One thing To think about too
05:52:40:00	05:52:41:00	is to remove those bottom
05:52:41:00	05:52:44:00	leaves Once the tomato is in
05:52:44:00	05:52:44:00	the ground again.
05:52:44:00	05:52:48:00	The Area and early blight come
05:52:48:00	05:52:51:00	from The soil.
05:52:51:00	05:52:52:00	So if you have less material
05:52:52:00	05:52:56:00	for spores To splash up on as
05:52:56:00	05:52:58:00	you water then you have Less
05:52:58:00	05:52:58:00	disease.
05:52:58:00	05:52:59:00	So that's why we prune off
05:52:59:00	05:53:02:00	those bottom Leaves.
05:53:02:00	05:53:03:00	Another great thing to do is
05:53:03:00	05:53:06:00	mulching and I think I Talk
05:53:06:00	05:53:07:00	about that in a few minutes.
05:53:07:00	05:53:09:00	>> So a little bit More then
05:53:09:00	05:53:10:00	about those suckers.
05:53:10:00	05:53:13:00	>> What the suckers do is They 
05:53:13:00	05:53:14:00	energy out of the rest of
05:53:14:00	05:53:17:00	the plant And they delay
05:53:17:00	05:53:17:00	fruiting on the main stems and
05:53:17:00	05:53:21:00	you want most Of your fruiting
05:53:21:00	05:53:21:00	to happen on the main stems
05:53:21:00	05:53:25:00	both because You're going to
05:53:25:00	05:53:25:00	get bigger fruits that way but
05:53:25:00	05:53:28:00	also for structural Strength.
05:53:28:00	05:53:29:00	>> So the structure,
05:53:29:00	05:53:33:00	the suckers At the bottom are
05:53:33:00	05:53:36:00	going to be Stronger than
05:53:36:00	05:53:36:00	the ones near the top because
05:53:36:00	05:53:39:00	they're being able to pull From
05:53:39:00	05:53:40:00	the root system which is, you
05:53:40:00	05:53:41:00	know, fairly close at
05:53:41:00	05:53:43:00	the bottom Also by allowing
05:53:43:00	05:53:44:00	more air circulation and more
05:53:44:00	05:53:47:00	sunlight In, you're going to be
05:53:47:00	05:53:50:00	encouraging, more fruiting and
05:53:50:00	05:53:51:00	Better fruit production and
05:53:51:00	05:53:54:00	larger fruits And again
05:53:54:00	05:53:58:00	the UN's pruned plants Tend to
05:53:58:00	05:54:01:00	start to lean and become Wider
05:54:01:00	05:54:02:00	and you want to have good
05:54:02:00	05:54:05:00	spacing between your plants And
05:54:05:00	05:54:06:00	the garden again because air
05:54:06:00	05:54:09:00	circulation means less Fungal
05:54:09:00	05:54:10:00	problems because you're gonna
05:54:10:00	05:54:13:00	get better drawing Of
05:54:13:00	05:54:13:00	the leaves.
05:54:13:00	05:54:14:00	So again you don't need to
05:54:14:00	05:54:17:00	prune out all The suckers but
05:54:17:00	05:54:18:00	you should at least get
05:54:18:00	05:54:24:00	the ones at the bottom A little
05:54:24:00	05:54:24:00	bit about disease prevention
05:54:24:00	05:54:27:00	mulching again removing Those
05:54:27:00	05:54:28:00	lower leaves crop rotation very
05:54:28:00	05:54:31:00	important If you don't have
05:54:31:00	05:54:34:00	enough room in your garden to
05:54:34:00	05:54:35:00	Rotate you may want to think
05:54:35:00	05:54:36:00	about growing your tomatoes in
05:54:36:00	05:54:39:00	pots Where you can move them
05:54:39:00	05:54:39:00	around.
05:54:39:00	05:54:40:00	>> What happens is that
05:54:40:00	05:54:43:00	disease's Tend to build up in
05:54:43:00	05:54:46:00	the soil over time And then
05:54:46:00	05:54:47:00	again air circulation grafting
05:54:47:00	05:54:50:00	fall clean Up taking any
05:54:50:00	05:54:51:00	disease material out of
05:54:51:00	05:54:53:00	the garden is really important
05:54:53:00	05:54:54:00	.
05:54:54:00	05:54:54:00	Trouble thing is also really
05:54:54:00	05:54:57:00	important to keep The fruit off
05:54:57:00	05:54:57:00	the ground.
05:54:57:00	05:54:59:00	So there are I could do a whole
05:54:59:00	05:55:01:00	lecture On different kinds of
05:55:01:00	05:55:02:00	trouble saying so I've just
05:55:02:00	05:55:05:00	given you a Couple of options
05:55:05:00	05:55:05:00	here to look at.
05:55:05:00	05:55:08:00	There are many Different ways
05:55:08:00	05:55:09:00	to accomplish this.
05:55:09:00	05:55:13:00	The main thing is to just make
05:55:13:00	05:55:14:00	sure you have a sturdy enough
05:55:14:00	05:55:16:00	support Particularly if you
05:55:16:00	05:55:19:00	have an indeterminate tomato.
05:55:19:00	05:55:19:00	>> OK.
05:55:19:00	05:55:20:00	Now the disease part
05:55:20:00	05:55:23:00	everybody's favorite part Let's
05:55:23:00	05:55:24:00	talk about blossom end rot.
05:55:24:00	05:55:27:00	>> Usually you're gonna See
05:55:27:00	05:55:28:00	this on heirloom tomatoes or
05:55:28:00	05:55:28:00	the first tomatoes of
05:55:28:00	05:55:31:00	the season And it's actually
05:55:31:00	05:55:32:00	not a disease.
05:55:32:00	05:55:34:00	>> It's a calcium uptake
05:55:34:00	05:55:34:00	Problem.
05:55:34:00	05:55:35:00	Calcium is taken up in
05:55:35:00	05:55:38:00	the water stream Through
05:55:38:00	05:55:38:00	the roots.
05:55:38:00	05:55:39:00	If you have inconsistent
05:55:39:00	05:55:42:00	moisture then Your calcium flow
05:55:42:00	05:55:46:00	is inconsistent and calcium Is
05:55:46:00	05:55:47:00	used in cell walls.
05:55:47:00	05:55:50:00	So what tends to happen is
05:55:50:00	05:55:50:00	the Blossom end of the tomato
05:55:50:00	05:55:53:00	doesn't get enough calcium in
05:55:53:00	05:55:54:00	The walls start to collapse
05:55:54:00	05:55:54:00	giving you that particular
05:55:54:00	05:55:57:00	symptom.
05:55:57:00	05:55:58:00	So the easiest thing to do is
05:55:58:00	05:56:01:00	keep your Keep your watering
05:56:01:00	05:56:04:00	consistent not been a problem.
05:56:04:00	05:56:05:00	Mother Nature has been quite
05:56:05:00	05:56:08:00	generous lately but of Course
05:56:08:00	05:56:09:00	too much water can be an issue
05:56:09:00	05:56:09:00	as well.
05:56:09:00	05:56:12:00	There are calcium sprays
05:56:12:00	05:56:13:00	available that you can spray on
05:56:13:00	05:56:16:00	the fruits though If you prefer
05:56:16:00	05:56:17:00	to go that route and we do have
05:56:17:00	05:56:20:00	a fact sheet On this cat facing
05:56:20:00	05:56:21:00	we don't actually have a fact
05:56:21:00	05:56:23:00	sheet On that one is more
05:56:23:00	05:56:26:00	common on the larger sized
05:56:26:00	05:56:27:00	Tomatoes and it's more common
05:56:27:00	05:56:30:00	when we have cold nights.
05:56:30:00	05:56:31:00	>> What happens is you get
05:56:31:00	05:56:34:00	inconsistent Growth of cells
05:56:34:00	05:56:34:00	and so some cells are growing
05:56:34:00	05:56:38:00	faster than Others so you get
05:56:38:00	05:56:41:00	this gnarly kind of tomato And
05:56:41:00	05:56:42:00	it can be a problem with those
05:56:42:00	05:56:45:00	deep holes because You can get
05:56:45:00	05:56:46:00	pathogens in there and then
05:56:46:00	05:56:46:00	the whole thing rots and it's
05:56:46:00	05:56:49:00	very, very annoying.
05:56:49:00	05:56:52:00	>> We also time We'll see it
05:56:52:00	05:56:52:00	sometimes when somebody is used
05:56:52:00	05:56:56:00	to four D type Herbicide and
05:56:56:00	05:56:59:00	one thing you can do is Keep
05:56:59:00	05:57:00:00	them out of cold wet soils and
05:57:00:00	05:57:04:00	avoid really High nitrogen
05:57:04:00	05:57:04:00	levels.
05:57:04:00	05:57:07:00	>> Sun scowled We tend to see
05:57:07:00	05:57:08:00	when there's been a little bit
05:57:08:00	05:57:11:00	too much pruning in the Canopy
05:57:11:00	05:57:11:00	or when you've lost a lot of
05:57:11:00	05:57:14:00	leaves due to Secretary Or
05:57:14:00	05:57:15:00	early blight and all of a
05:57:15:00	05:57:18:00	sudden the tomato that had Some
05:57:18:00	05:57:18:00	shading is subjected to full
05:57:18:00	05:57:22:00	sun and it Responds by having
05:57:22:00	05:57:25:00	sun scrawled on it which is
05:57:25:00	05:57:26:00	Unfortunate.
05:57:26:00	05:57:27:00	You can usually slice that
05:57:27:00	05:57:29:00	often Eat the other end of
05:57:29:00	05:57:33:00	the tomato.
05:57:33:00	05:57:34:00	This one's always very sad if
05:57:34:00	05:57:36:00	you have black walnut trees You
05:57:36:00	05:57:37:00	probably know that they do not
05:57:37:00	05:57:40:00	get along with tomato plants.
05:57:40:00	05:57:41:00	>> It causes a problem with
05:57:41:00	05:57:44:00	the vascular System and
05:57:44:00	05:57:45:00	the tomatoes start to look like
05:57:45:00	05:57:48:00	they've got a disease Or that
05:57:48:00	05:57:49:00	they're very dry and no matter
05:57:49:00	05:57:52:00	how much You water them that
05:57:52:00	05:57:53:00	because the root system and
05:57:53:00	05:57:55:00	the vascular System is
05:57:55:00	05:57:56:00	compromised that's not going to
05:57:56:00	05:57:56:00	help.
05:57:56:00	05:57:59:00	So if you do have black Walnuts
05:57:59:00	05:58:00:00	grow in containers or grow in
05:58:00:00	05:58:03:00	raised beds And we do have a
05:58:03:00	05:58:06:00	fact sheet at Brian's Booth on
05:58:06:00	05:58:10:00	this with some Suggestions
05:58:10:00	05:58:10:00	about crops that are
05:58:10:00	05:58:13:00	susceptible or Resistant to
05:58:13:00	05:58:17:00	black walnut toxins, this one
05:58:17:00	05:58:20:00	is not really Too much of a
05:58:20:00	05:58:21:00	problem.
05:58:21:00	05:58:24:00	We tend to see it again More on
05:58:24:00	05:58:24:00	heirloom varieties.
05:58:24:00	05:58:28:00	Again, it's a question of Cells
05:58:28:00	05:58:33:00	not maturing at the same rate
05:58:33:00	05:58:34:00	And you tend to see it on those
05:58:34:00	05:58:35:00	bigger varieties more often.
05:58:35:00	05:58:36:00	So you can still eat those
05:58:36:00	05:58:39:00	tomatoes Or fry them up if you
05:58:39:00	05:58:42:00	so desire because after All
05:58:42:00	05:58:43:00	hey, they're green.
05:58:43:00	05:58:46:00	So what you can do though If
05:58:46:00	05:58:47:00	you don't want to eat that
05:58:47:00	05:58:47:00	green part is just cut around
05:58:47:00	05:58:48:00	it.
05:58:48:00	05:58:50:00	A lot of that has been bred out
05:58:50:00	05:58:53:00	in the more Hybridized
05:58:53:00	05:58:56:00	varieties that are newer
05:58:56:00	05:59:00:00	The leaf diseases that we also
05:59:00:00	05:59:01:00	Dread early blight and
05:59:01:00	05:59:01:00	septicemia.
05:59:01:00	05:59:04:00	>> Look fairly similar they
05:59:04:00	05:59:07:00	caused spots on the leaves and
05:59:07:00	05:59:08:00	You treat them pretty much
05:59:08:00	05:59:11:00	the same way both in terms Of
05:59:11:00	05:59:12:00	if you care to use traditional
05:59:12:00	05:59:15:00	chemicals.
05:59:15:00	05:59:16:00	I don't usually recommend
05:59:16:00	05:59:18:00	spraying on plants You're going
05:59:18:00	05:59:19:00	to eat fruits or particularly
05:59:19:00	05:59:22:00	leaves off of But there are
05:59:22:00	05:59:26:00	some things That that you can
05:59:26:00	05:59:26:00	do.
05:59:26:00	05:59:29:00	And so I want to be able To
05:59:29:00	05:59:30:00	tell you how to differentiate.
05:59:30:00	05:59:31:00	So the early blight you can
05:59:31:00	05:59:34:00	kind of see They have a bigger
05:59:34:00	05:59:35:00	spot and it looks like it's got
05:59:35:00	05:59:37:00	concentric rings Kind of a
05:59:37:00	05:59:38:00	bull's eye pattern in it that
05:59:38:00	05:59:41:00	again is soil Borne.
05:59:41:00	05:59:44:00	And so if you mulch to make A
05:59:44:00	05:59:45:00	barrier between the soil and
05:59:45:00	05:59:46:00	the plant that will help with
05:59:46:00	05:59:48:00	that.
05:59:48:00	05:59:49:00	But when we have a super wet
05:59:49:00	05:59:51:00	year like this last year It
05:59:51:00	05:59:52:00	starts to become airborne and
05:59:52:00	05:59:53:00	there's not a whole lot that
05:59:53:00	05:59:56:00	you can do Other than get
05:59:56:00	05:59:56:00	resistant plants and again
05:59:56:00	05:59:59:00	that's not going to Necessarily
05:59:59:00	06:00:00:00	guarantee it anyway.
06:00:00:00	06:00:03:00	The big Problem with this of
06:00:03:00	06:00:04:00	course is when you lose leaves
06:00:04:00	06:00:07:00	you lose Photosynthetic ability
06:00:07:00	06:00:08:00	and the plant can't support a
06:00:08:00	06:00:11:00	whole lot Of fruits.
06:00:11:00	06:00:12:00	So it tends to limit the amount
06:00:12:00	06:00:15:00	of Fruits that you can harvest
06:00:15:00	06:00:17:00	and also make sure that you do
06:00:17:00	06:00:18:00	Good clean up at the end of
06:00:18:00	06:00:21:00	the season and get rid of all
06:00:21:00	06:00:22:00	Disease material actually
06:00:22:00	06:00:22:00	before the end of the season.
06:00:22:00	06:00:28:00	If at All possible Late blight
06:00:28:00	06:00:29:00	this is the one that comes in
06:00:29:00	06:00:31:00	and kills The whole plant in a
06:00:31:00	06:00:31:00	rapid fashion.
06:00:31:00	06:00:35:00	>> When We hear about this I
06:00:35:00	06:00:39:00	usually I subscribe To Amanda
06:00:39:00	06:00:42:00	Gavin's newsletter.
06:00:42:00	06:00:43:00	She's our vegetable
06:00:43:00	06:00:43:00	pathologist.
06:00:43:00	06:00:46:00	So anytime Late blight starts
06:00:46:00	06:00:47:00	to come near us like when it's
06:00:47:00	06:00:50:00	in Michigan Or Minnesota or
06:00:50:00	06:00:51:00	something she will send out a
06:00:51:00	06:00:54:00	newsletter and she'll also Let
06:00:54:00	06:00:55:00	me know when it first shows up
06:00:55:00	06:00:57:00	in Wisconsin and where it's
06:00:57:00	06:00:58:00	Shown up.
06:00:58:00	06:00:59:00	But it does tend to travel on
06:00:59:00	06:01:01:00	air Currents, particularly when
06:01:01:00	06:01:02:00	we have strong storms.
06:01:02:00	06:01:05:00	We've had a Lot of rain.
06:01:05:00	06:01:06:00	We've had a lot of strong
06:01:06:00	06:01:06:00	storms.
06:01:06:00	06:01:08:00	So we Have had some problems
06:01:08:00	06:01:09:00	the last couple of years with
06:01:09:00	06:01:12:00	late Blight in particular
06:01:12:00	06:01:12:00	areas.
06:01:12:00	06:01:16:00	It's very distinctive the Whole
06:01:16:00	06:01:17:00	leaf or stems will turn kind of
06:01:17:00	06:01:20:00	fuzzy And sort of collapse.
06:01:20:00	06:01:23:00	>> You'll see large spots On
06:01:23:00	06:01:24:00	fruits and those will collapse.
06:01:24:00	06:01:27:00	You can Certainly bring a
06:01:27:00	06:01:30:00	sample into Brian's clinic To
06:01:30:00	06:01:31:00	have that diagnosis if you wish
06:01:31:00	06:01:31:00	theoretically.
06:01:31:00	06:01:35:00	>> So far it does not.
06:01:35:00	06:01:35:00	Over winter here.
06:01:35:00	06:01:38:00	So it comes In uninfected
06:01:38:00	06:01:39:00	seedlings and on those air
06:01:39:00	06:01:42:00	currents that I mentioned There
06:01:42:00	06:01:45:00	are good news Some late blight
06:01:45:00	06:01:46:00	resistant tomato varieties.
06:01:46:00	06:01:49:00	And again This presentation is
06:01:49:00	06:01:50:00	going to be on University Place
06:01:50:00	06:01:54:00	as well As its on the Garden
06:01:54:00	06:01:55:00	Expo site so you can get a hold
06:01:55:00	06:01:56:00	of that List.
06:01:56:00	06:01:57:00	It's also on the late blight
06:01:57:00	06:02:00:00	fact sheet And there are more
06:02:00:00	06:02:03:00	than these Cemeteries has
06:02:03:00	06:02:07:00	smaller spots on the leaves.
06:02:07:00	06:02:08:00	>> Typically they have a light
06:02:08:00	06:02:09:00	interior and a darker colored
06:02:09:00	06:02:12:00	border Might be kind of brown,
06:02:12:00	06:02:14:00	might be kind of black or even
06:02:14:00	06:02:15:00	Purple on the outside of this.
06:02:15:00	06:02:22:00	little lesion there it does
06:02:22:00	06:02:23:00	The same darn thing that early
06:02:23:00	06:02:26:00	blight does which Is that it
06:02:26:00	06:02:26:00	starts to defoliant your plant
06:02:26:00	06:02:27:00	from the bottom.
06:02:27:00	06:02:30:00	>> You can start out by trying
06:02:30:00	06:02:31:00	to remove, you know, some of
06:02:31:00	06:02:32:00	the affected Leaves sometimes
06:02:32:00	06:02:33:00	that can help again try and
06:02:33:00	06:02:37:00	keep the Leaves as dry as
06:02:37:00	06:02:37:00	possible water at the base use
06:02:37:00	06:02:40:00	your mulch Resistant varieties
06:02:40:00	06:02:45:00	with Again good garden clean up
06:02:45:00	06:02:51:00	is helpful In controlling this
06:02:51:00	06:02:51:00	Crop rotation.
06:02:51:00	06:02:55:00	>> What you want to do Is you
06:02:55:00	06:02:59:00	want to grow families of plants
06:02:59:00	06:03:00:00	Not in the same place every
06:03:00:00	06:03:00:00	year.
06:03:00:00	06:03:03:00	So not only your tomatoes In
06:03:03:00	06:03:04:00	the same place but the other
06:03:04:00	06:03:06:00	tomato family relatives.
06:03:06:00	06:03:10:00	So the potatoes your peppers,
06:03:10:00	06:03:11:00	your eggplant, tomatoes,
06:03:11:00	06:03:14:00	petunias And flowering tobacco
06:03:14:00	06:03:15:00	those are all members of
06:03:15:00	06:03:17:00	the and ACA Family.
06:03:17:00	06:03:18:00	So you can't like move your
06:03:18:00	06:03:21:00	tomatoes and Instead plant
06:03:21:00	06:03:21:00	peppers in that same spot
06:03:21:00	06:03:25:00	because everything In that
06:03:25:00	06:03:25:00	family is susceptible to
06:03:25:00	06:03:28:00	the same types of diseases And
06:03:28:00	06:03:29:00	will allow those to continue to
06:03:29:00	06:03:31:00	build up in the soil because
06:03:31:00	06:03:32:00	You've got food for it being
06:03:32:00	06:03:33:00	that it's a plant in the same
06:03:33:00	06:03:36:00	family.
06:03:36:00	06:03:37:00	So what you'd want to do is say
06:03:37:00	06:03:39:00	you grow your tomatoes here One
06:03:39:00	06:03:40:00	year then you grow beans in
06:03:40:00	06:03:43:00	that same spot next year, then
06:03:43:00	06:03:43:00	you grow something in another
06:03:43:00	06:03:46:00	family maybe lettuce The next
06:03:46:00	06:03:47:00	year before you circle back to
06:03:47:00	06:03:50:00	tomatoes And we do have a fact
06:03:50:00	06:03:51:00	sheet on it.
06:03:51:00	06:03:53:00	I'm not sure that Brian has
06:03:53:00	06:03:54:00	That but we have a list of
06:03:54:00	06:03:57:00	the plant families and What
06:03:57:00	06:03:57:00	crops are part of those
06:03:57:00	06:04:01:00	families so that you know that
06:04:01:00	06:04:01:00	You're not accidentally putting
06:04:01:00	06:04:02:00	something else in the same
06:04:02:00	06:04:05:00	family in the same Spot.
06:04:05:00	06:04:07:00	And again, if Brian doesn't
06:04:07:00	06:04:09:00	Have it today, you can find it
06:04:09:00	06:04:12:00	on his Web site.
06:04:12:00	06:04:16:00	>> So just a bit about Harvest
06:04:16:00	06:04:16:00	and storage.
06:04:16:00	06:04:20:00	>> So First of all, when you
06:04:20:00	06:04:20:00	harvest your tomatoes, if you
06:04:20:00	06:04:23:00	do have some That have cat
06:04:23:00	06:04:24:00	facing or sun scald or
06:04:24:00	06:04:26:00	something like That, use those
06:04:26:00	06:04:27:00	right away.
06:04:27:00	06:04:30:00	Don't try and store those With
06:04:30:00	06:04:30:00	the other fruits.
06:04:30:00	06:04:31:00	You've probably heard the old
06:04:31:00	06:04:34:00	saying one Rotten apple ruins
06:04:34:00	06:04:34:00	the barrel.
06:04:34:00	06:04:35:00	Well, it's true with tomatoes
06:04:35:00	06:04:37:00	as Well.
06:04:37:00	06:04:38:00	And the reason for that is that
06:04:38:00	06:04:41:00	as plants Are bruised or
06:04:41:00	06:04:42:00	damaged in some way they start
06:04:42:00	06:04:45:00	to emit Something called
06:04:45:00	06:04:46:00	ethylene gas and that is a
06:04:46:00	06:04:49:00	plant hormone That speeds up
06:04:49:00	06:04:50:00	the process of ripening and
06:04:50:00	06:04:53:00	rotting.
06:04:53:00	06:04:56:00	So if you have a damaged fruit
06:04:56:00	06:04:57:00	In with other fruits, it's
06:04:57:00	06:04:58:00	going to cause those other
06:04:58:00	06:05:01:00	fruits To start to have issues
06:05:01:00	06:05:04:00	as well.
06:05:04:00	06:05:05:00	>> Keep in mind that tomatoes
06:05:05:00	06:05:07:00	should not Be refrigerated.
06:05:07:00	06:05:09:00	What tends to happen is that
06:05:09:00	06:05:12:00	when They get cold the sugars
06:05:12:00	06:05:15:00	in the tomato fruit start To
06:05:15:00	06:05:16:00	turn into starches.
06:05:16:00	06:05:19:00	And so it's not sweet anymore.
06:05:19:00	06:05:20:00	It's like a kind of bland and
06:05:20:00	06:05:24:00	mealy and Not so good.
06:05:24:00	06:05:24:00	So don't refrigerate your
06:05:24:00	06:05:26:00	tomatoes because they Don't
06:05:26:00	06:05:27:00	develop the flavor fully.
06:05:27:00	06:05:31:00	If you do have To bring in
06:05:31:00	06:05:31:00	tomatoes because it's going to
06:05:31:00	06:05:34:00	frost outside, you can ripen
06:05:34:00	06:05:35:00	them in a paper bag for
06:05:35:00	06:05:38:00	the same reason That we don't
06:05:38:00	06:05:38:00	want to have bruised tomatoes.
06:05:38:00	06:05:41:00	>> They will actually In
06:05:41:00	06:05:42:00	the paper bag it will start to
06:05:42:00	06:05:45:00	concentrate that ethylene Gas
06:05:45:00	06:05:46:00	and they will start to ripen.
06:05:46:00	06:05:49:00	So you can also Put them out,
06:05:49:00	06:05:50:00	you know, on a windowsill but
06:05:50:00	06:05:53:00	you tend to Get better more
06:05:53:00	06:05:56:00	uniform ripening just in a good
06:05:56:00	06:06:00:00	Paper bag, not very high tech.
06:06:00:00	06:06:01:00	>> Then if you're going to, you
06:06:01:00	06:06:04:00	know, freeze dehydrate Or can
06:06:04:00	06:06:05:00	that is all great again you
06:06:05:00	06:06:08:00	don't Want to let the tomatoes
06:06:08:00	06:06:09:00	sit around for too long before
06:06:09:00	06:06:12:00	you Use them just because
06:06:12:00	06:06:13:00	they're a soft fruit and they
06:06:13:00	06:06:18:00	tend To start to decay.
06:06:18:00	06:06:22:00	>> So these are some Resources
06:06:22:00	06:06:25:00	that I'd like to recommend at
06:06:25:00	06:06:26:00	Our learning store.
06:06:26:00	06:06:30:00	We have all of our longer Types
06:06:30:00	06:06:30:00	of publications.
06:06:30:00	06:06:31:00	There's a great one called
06:06:31:00	06:06:34:00	Homegrown Tomatoes for
06:06:34:00	06:06:34:00	Wisconsin that has recommended
06:06:34:00	06:06:38:00	varieties And they do update
06:06:38:00	06:06:40:00	that on a fairly regular basis
06:06:40:00	06:06:41:00	.
06:06:41:00	06:06:42:00	Some of the newer ones we
06:06:42:00	06:06:45:00	haven't evaluate Completely but
06:06:45:00	06:06:49:00	usually a selections perform
06:06:49:00	06:06:49:00	Pretty well.
06:06:49:00	06:06:50:00	>> So if you want to try some
06:06:50:00	06:06:53:00	of those new a Selection plants
06:06:53:00	06:06:54:00	I'd encourage you to do that.
06:06:54:00	06:06:57:00	We also have one it's more for
06:06:57:00	06:07:00:00	commercial growers but It has a
06:07:00:00	06:07:01:00	lot of good information about
06:07:01:00	06:07:04:00	diseases, insects et cetera and
06:07:04:00	06:07:05:00	that one's growing tomatoes,
06:07:05:00	06:07:07:00	peppers and Eggplants in
06:07:07:00	06:07:07:00	Wisconsin.
06:07:07:00	06:07:11:00	There's also One about growing
06:07:11:00	06:07:12:00	and preserving vegetables as
06:07:12:00	06:07:15:00	well as Canning safely.
06:07:15:00	06:07:16:00	That's a really important
06:07:16:00	06:07:16:00	thing.
06:07:16:00	06:07:19:00	To think about when you're
06:07:19:00	06:07:20:00	canning that you you do it
06:07:20:00	06:07:26:00	properly And I think that
06:07:26:00	06:07:27:00	That's pretty much end of my
06:07:27:00	06:07:30:00	talk.
06:07:30:00	06:07:31:00	The fact sheets that I've
06:07:31:00	06:07:32:00	mentioned are listed here at
06:07:32:00	06:07:34:00	the bottom Again you can find
06:07:34:00	06:07:34:00	those at Brian Hudson's plant
06:07:34:00	06:07:37:00	disease Diagnostic Clinic or
06:07:37:00	06:07:42:00	PDC Web site And he's got all
06:07:42:00	06:07:42:00	of them at his booth today
06:07:42:00	06:07:45:00	unless We've ran out.
06:07:45:00	06:07:46:00	So thank you very much.
06:07:46:00	06:07:49:00	I Appreciate your listening.
06:07:49:00	06:07:52:00	>> Thanks Again.
06:07:52:00	06:07:57:00	I'll be happy to take any
06:07:57:00	06:07:59:00	questions that you might have.
06:07:59:00	06:08:06:00	>> Yes, Yeah.
06:08:06:00	06:08:10:00	Yeah.
06:08:10:00	06:08:11:00	So the question was about slugs
06:08:11:00	06:08:13:00	and tomatoes.
06:08:13:00	06:08:14:00	>> You've tried beer traps.
06:08:14:00	06:08:18:00	>> What the slugs are actually
06:08:18:00	06:08:21:00	looking for is The yeast that's
06:08:21:00	06:08:21:00	in the beer.
06:08:21:00	06:08:24:00	Were you using light beer By
06:08:24:00	06:08:25:00	any chance?
06:08:25:00	06:08:25:00	Because that doesn't have as
06:08:25:00	06:08:26:00	much yeast.
06:08:26:00	06:08:29:00	If you're using Beer you want
06:08:29:00	06:08:29:00	to use something that's like a
06:08:29:00	06:08:32:00	logger otherwise You can go to
06:08:32:00	06:08:36:00	the grocery store and get yeast
06:08:36:00	06:08:37:00	In packets and mix it with a
06:08:37:00	06:08:38:00	little bit of warm water and
06:08:38:00	06:08:39:00	set That out.
06:08:39:00	06:08:40:00	>> They really do like that a
06:08:40:00	06:08:42:00	whole lot.
06:08:42:00	06:08:43:00	The other thing is you could
06:08:43:00	06:08:44:00	try a diet to Matias Earth
06:08:44:00	06:08:47:00	making sure That you take all
06:08:47:00	06:08:50:00	the lower leaves Off of your
06:08:50:00	06:08:51:00	tomato plants to not provide a
06:08:51:00	06:08:54:00	little Ladder for your slugs so
06:08:54:00	06:08:55:00	that they have to crawl up
06:08:55:00	06:08:57:00	the stems that have Those
06:08:57:00	06:08:58:00	little hairs on them which
06:08:58:00	06:09:01:00	you're not quite so Comfortable
06:09:01:00	06:09:01:00	for slugs.
06:09:01:00	06:09:04:00	I mean they'll do it but They
06:09:04:00	06:09:05:00	have an easier time if you give
06:09:05:00	06:09:06:00	them a ladder so don't give
06:09:06:00	06:09:08:00	them A ladder.
06:09:08:00	06:09:11:00	>> You can also put out short
06:09:11:00	06:09:12:00	Boards or grapefruit halves or
06:09:12:00	06:09:13:00	something like that.
06:09:13:00	06:09:16:00	The slugs Crawl into them at
06:09:16:00	06:09:19:00	night and then you simply Pick
06:09:19:00	06:09:19:00	those things up in the morning
06:09:19:00	06:09:20:00	and dispose of them.
06:09:20:00	06:09:23:00	There's Also Sligo which is
06:09:23:00	06:09:27:00	iron phosphate Tablets.
06:09:27:00	06:09:28:00	I'm not sure whether that is.
06:09:28:00	06:09:30:00	I mean It's an organic.
06:09:30:00	06:09:33:00	I mean those you know those
06:09:33:00	06:09:34:00	Elements are organic but I
06:09:34:00	06:09:35:00	don't know whether the product
06:09:35:00	06:09:38:00	because of the way It's
06:09:38:00	06:09:38:00	manufactured is considered
06:09:38:00	06:09:38:00	organic.
06:09:38:00	06:09:41:00	So you'd need to check To see
06:09:41:00	06:09:42:00	if it has an armory O M R I
06:09:42:00	06:09:45:00	label On it.
06:09:45:00	06:09:46:00	But measures are then and
06:09:46:00	06:09:49:00	the other Products that I
06:09:49:00	06:09:51:00	mentioned you can try try those
06:09:51:00	06:09:52:00	.
06:09:52:00	06:09:56:00	Yes.
06:09:56:00	06:09:56:00	>> During the growing season.
06:09:56:00	06:09:59:00	It depends On what product
06:09:59:00	06:10:00:00	you're using and what kind of
06:10:00:00	06:10:03:00	fertility you have in Your
06:10:03:00	06:10:03:00	existing soil if you're trying
06:10:03:00	06:10:07:00	to go organic When you've got
06:10:07:00	06:10:10:00	really good organic matter in
06:10:10:00	06:10:11:00	Your soil already then you
06:10:11:00	06:10:14:00	could use something Like
06:10:14:00	06:10:15:00	compost tea on a weekly basis
06:10:15:00	06:10:18:00	if you're Using traditional
06:10:18:00	06:10:19:00	products and you've got decent
06:10:19:00	06:10:22:00	soil fertility You could use a
06:10:22:00	06:10:26:00	slow release product That goes
06:10:26:00	06:10:27:00	for three months that's usually
06:10:27:00	06:10:30:00	granules that you scatter
06:10:30:00	06:10:30:00	Around or you could use
06:10:30:00	06:10:33:00	something like miracle grow A
06:10:33:00	06:10:34:00	couple of times a month usually
06:10:34:00	06:10:37:00	you know once We get farther
06:10:37:00	06:10:41:00	into the season Like August and
06:10:41:00	06:10:42:00	so on I usually start pulling
06:10:42:00	06:10:46:00	back On doing it and kind of
06:10:46:00	06:10:46:00	fertilizing.
06:10:46:00	06:10:48:00	>> But you know, for those
06:10:48:00	06:10:49:00	First few months where you want
06:10:49:00	06:10:50:00	to get it going with tomatoes
06:10:50:00	06:10:52:00	you do need to be Careful
06:10:52:00	06:10:53:00	though not to give too heavy of
06:10:53:00	06:10:56:00	nitrogen because That can come
06:10:56:00	06:10:56:00	at the expense of the flowers
06:10:56:00	06:11:00:00	and fruits So that or
06:11:00:00	06:11:03:00	the problem or the good Thing
06:11:03:00	06:11:04:00	about the organic products is
06:11:04:00	06:11:07:00	that they're less concentrated
06:11:07:00	06:11:08:00	Than something like miracle
06:11:08:00	06:11:08:00	grower and other water soluble
06:11:08:00	06:11:11:00	fertilizer.
06:11:11:00	06:11:12:00	So you usually don't have to
06:11:12:00	06:11:14:00	worry about that kind of Thing
06:11:14:00	06:11:15:00	happening with those kinds of
06:11:15:00	06:11:15:00	products.
06:11:15:00	06:11:18:00	But you need to add Them more
06:11:18:00	06:11:19:00	often because they're less
06:11:19:00	06:11:22:00	concentrated So and usually we
06:11:22:00	06:11:23:00	don't at least in this area of
06:11:23:00	06:11:26:00	the state We usually have very
06:11:26:00	06:11:26:00	high phosphorus and high
06:11:26:00	06:11:26:00	potassium.
06:11:26:00	06:11:29:00	>> So usually It's nitrogen
06:11:29:00	06:11:32:00	that you're you're lacking Or
06:11:32:00	06:11:32:00	calcium.
06:11:32:00	06:11:33:00	Yeah.
06:11:33:00	06:11:38:00	Yes.
06:11:38:00	06:11:39:00	>> Yeah.
06:11:39:00	06:11:45:00	>> Fans are Sometimes used
06:11:45:00	06:11:49:00	the question was about long
06:11:49:00	06:11:50:00	Leggy tomatoes don't forget you
06:11:50:00	06:11:53:00	can pinch First of all but what
06:11:53:00	06:11:57:00	the fan typically does Is it is
06:11:57:00	06:11:58:00	going to allow better girth on
06:11:58:00	06:12:00:00	the stem Because the plants
06:12:00:00	06:12:04:00	being moved back and forth like
06:12:04:00	06:12:05:00	That it may help a little bit
06:12:05:00	06:12:08:00	in keeping length down.
06:12:08:00	06:12:09:00	>> But I think you'd be better
06:12:09:00	06:12:12:00	off with With pinching if they
06:12:12:00	06:12:12:00	get too tall.
06:12:12:00	06:12:19:00	Yes, Determinant.
06:12:19:00	06:12:19:00	Okay let's see here.
06:12:19:00	06:12:23:00	Yep that one Is way way way way
06:12:23:00	06:12:26:00	way, way, way back.
06:12:26:00	06:12:30:00	>> Not that far there.
06:12:30:00	06:12:30:00	You're welcome.
06:12:30:00	06:12:31:00	>> Yeah.
06:12:31:00	06:12:32:00	OK.
06:12:32:00	06:12:32:00	There you go.
06:12:32:00	06:12:40:00	Yes, Really great question.
06:12:40:00	06:12:41:00	>> How big of a container do
06:12:41:00	06:12:43:00	you need if you're growing
06:12:43:00	06:12:44:00	Tomato plants in a container?
06:12:44:00	06:12:45:00	It's going to partly depend on
06:12:45:00	06:12:47:00	whether You've got an
06:12:47:00	06:12:48:00	indeterminate or a determinant
06:12:48:00	06:12:50:00	plant if you've gotten
06:12:50:00	06:12:51:00	Indeterminate plant I'd say
06:12:51:00	06:12:55:00	probably A I mean the bigger is
06:12:55:00	06:12:58:00	better obviously but 10 gallon
06:12:58:00	06:13:02:00	pot should be absolutely fine
06:13:02:00	06:13:03:00	Bigger one 15 gallon or even
06:13:03:00	06:13:05:00	something like a half Barrel is
06:13:05:00	06:13:09:00	is good For determinants.
06:13:09:00	06:13:13:00	>> You could use a ten Would be
06:13:13:00	06:13:13:00	ideal.
06:13:13:00	06:13:14:00	You could probably do it in a
06:13:14:00	06:13:16:00	five gallon though if you Had
06:13:16:00	06:13:16:00	to.
06:13:16:00	06:13:17:00	I've seen people do it in five
06:13:17:00	06:13:20:00	gallon buckets and as long As
06:13:20:00	06:13:21:00	it's you know, one of
06:13:21:00	06:13:21:00	the shorter determinant
06:13:21:00	06:13:24:00	varieties That's fine.
06:13:24:00	06:13:31:00	Yes, What type of mulch mulch.
06:13:31:00	06:13:32:00	>> There are different things
06:13:32:00	06:13:32:00	that you can use.
06:13:32:00	06:13:34:00	Some people like To use
06:13:34:00	06:13:35:00	newspaper and then put grass
06:13:35:00	06:13:38:00	clippings on top of it assuming
06:13:38:00	06:13:39:00	You have not treated your lawn
06:13:39:00	06:13:39:00	with anything.
06:13:39:00	06:13:42:00	Don't want to put Treated grass
06:13:42:00	06:13:45:00	clippings on you can use straw
06:13:45:00	06:13:45:00	Clean straw.
06:13:45:00	06:13:47:00	>> When you can still use
06:13:47:00	06:13:50:00	the newspaper layer If you if
06:13:50:00	06:13:50:00	you so desire.
06:13:50:00	06:13:53:00	>> Some people like To use
06:13:53:00	06:13:54:00	cardboard but you need to make
06:13:54:00	06:13:57:00	sure that you have An area of
06:13:57:00	06:13:58:00	it cut out so that you can have
06:13:58:00	06:14:00:00	the plant Absorb water.
06:14:00:00	06:14:04:00	I personally I like the Straw
06:14:04:00	06:14:05:00	or hay and you want to try and
06:14:05:00	06:14:08:00	get some That's what they call
06:14:08:00	06:14:09:00	clean straw so that it doesn't
06:14:09:00	06:14:12:00	have A lot of weed seeds in it
06:14:12:00	06:14:14:00	because that is annoying.
06:14:14:00	06:14:15:00	>> Yes.
06:14:15:00	06:14:21:00	Yes.
06:14:21:00	06:14:22:00	>> For indeterminate varieties
06:14:22:00	06:14:26:00	you know I don't Really have a
06:14:26:00	06:14:26:00	favorite I really like
06:14:26:00	06:14:29:00	the cattle fencing.
06:14:29:00	06:14:30:00	Yeah I'm so sorry.
06:14:30:00	06:14:32:00	The question was what's my
06:14:32:00	06:14:33:00	Favorite Trellis Singh
06:14:33:00	06:14:33:00	technique?
06:14:33:00	06:14:36:00	And again there are a ton Of
06:14:36:00	06:14:37:00	different ways to do it.
06:14:37:00	06:14:40:00	Some people will wined
06:14:40:00	06:14:41:00	the Plant around a string.
06:14:41:00	06:14:42:00	I don't think that tends to
06:14:42:00	06:14:44:00	provide Enough support.
06:14:44:00	06:14:45:00	I don't like cages because they
06:14:45:00	06:14:48:00	tend to As if you have an
06:14:48:00	06:14:49:00	indeterminate plant it gets too
06:14:49:00	06:14:52:00	congested In there and you get
06:14:52:00	06:14:54:00	squished tomatoes as well as
06:14:54:00	06:14:55:00	Poor air circulation.
06:14:55:00	06:14:56:00	I really like using cattle
06:14:56:00	06:14:59:00	fencing That is supported by
06:14:59:00	06:15:02:00	fence posts and then using
06:15:02:00	06:15:03:00	Tomato clips those little
06:15:03:00	06:15:06:00	plastic clips to hold them Onto
06:15:06:00	06:15:07:00	the fencing.
06:15:07:00	06:15:08:00	The nice thing with that is
06:15:08:00	06:15:10:00	that you can as new Branches
06:15:10:00	06:15:11:00	come out to the side you can
06:15:11:00	06:15:14:00	kind of guide them in There and
06:15:14:00	06:15:14:00	they're easy to clean off.
06:15:14:00	06:15:17:00	At the end of the season.
06:15:17:00	06:15:18:00	So I like that best but I have
06:15:18:00	06:15:21:00	certainly used Just regular
06:15:21:00	06:15:24:00	steaks and tomato clips or
06:15:24:00	06:15:25:00	Twine so lots of different
06:15:25:00	06:15:26:00	things you can do.
06:15:26:00	06:15:29:00	Yes, in the back and then we'll
06:15:29:00	06:15:32:00	go to the front.
06:15:32:00	06:15:36:00	>> Yes.
06:15:36:00	06:15:36:00	Yeah.
06:15:36:00	06:15:39:00	>> I would recommend wedding
06:15:39:00	06:15:40:00	Before you actually plant in it
06:15:40:00	06:15:43:00	especially If it's been sitting
06:15:43:00	06:15:47:00	around for a while and I would
06:15:47:00	06:15:48:00	recommend using like a trowel
06:15:48:00	06:15:48:00	or something to kind of beat
06:15:48:00	06:15:51:00	the moisture Into it if it's
06:15:51:00	06:15:52:00	been sitting for a while.
06:15:52:00	06:15:54:00	Yeah I recommend that with all
06:15:54:00	06:15:55:00	my seeds starting that you make
06:15:55:00	06:15:58:00	sure that the mix is Moistened
06:15:58:00	06:15:58:00	first because otherwise
06:15:58:00	06:16:01:00	the water will run right
06:16:01:00	06:16:02:00	Through and then you've got
06:16:02:00	06:16:03:00	your little seeds kind of
06:16:03:00	06:16:05:00	floating around on the surface
06:16:05:00	06:16:05:00	.
06:16:05:00	06:16:05:00	It's very sad.
06:16:05:00	06:16:06:00	Yes sir.
06:16:06:00	06:16:41:00	You had a question The question
06:16:41:00	06:16:45:00	was about volunteer Tomato
06:16:45:00	06:16:46:00	plants just a show of hands how
06:16:46:00	06:16:48:00	many people Had volunteered?
06:16:48:00	06:16:52:00	Yeah, a lot of people It it is
06:16:52:00	06:16:53:00	pretty common especially with
06:16:53:00	06:16:55:00	cherry tomatoes And it's
06:16:55:00	06:16:56:00	interesting that those seeds
06:16:56:00	06:16:59:00	over winter because you Know,
06:16:59:00	06:17:00:00	tomatoes are not particularly
06:17:00:00	06:17:03:00	hardy as far as cold Is
06:17:03:00	06:17:03:00	concerned.
06:17:03:00	06:17:04:00	But yeah, I've had tomatoes
06:17:04:00	06:17:07:00	come up from seed A number of
06:17:07:00	06:17:07:00	times.
06:17:07:00	06:17:08:00	Sometimes the fruits that they
06:17:08:00	06:17:10:00	producer Not so great.
06:17:10:00	06:17:11:00	Other times they're really good
06:17:11:00	06:17:15:00	at just Hands on what the two
06:17:15:00	06:17:18:00	parents were Because you know
06:17:18:00	06:17:21:00	you've opened pollination.
06:17:21:00	06:17:22:00	>> Yeah.
06:17:22:00	06:17:23:00	Now for the most part tomato
06:17:23:00	06:17:25:00	plants tend To be self
06:17:25:00	06:17:25:00	pollinated so usually you get
06:17:25:00	06:17:30:00	something that's pretty True.
06:17:30:00	06:17:31:00	>> I expect that's probably
06:17:31:00	06:17:32:00	what's happening in your
06:17:32:00	06:17:34:00	situation But with
06:17:34:00	06:17:35:00	the heirlooms all bets are are
06:17:35:00	06:17:37:00	off.
06:17:37:00	06:17:39:00	>> You can get all kinds of
06:17:39:00	06:17:41:00	different things.
06:17:41:00	06:17:46:00	>> Well If you like what's
06:17:46:00	06:17:46:00	being grown?
06:17:46:00	06:17:48:00	I always say if it ain't broke
06:17:48:00	06:17:49:00	Don't fix it.
06:17:49:00	06:17:53:00	But if you Want more control
06:17:53:00	06:17:53:00	over what the tomatoes taste
06:17:53:00	06:17:56:00	like Then it's best to do it
06:17:56:00	06:17:59:00	from packaged seed.
06:17:59:00	06:18:00:00	>> Have I worn out my welcome
06:18:00:00	06:18:01:00	here yet?
06:18:01:00	06:18:06:00	Tina I'm OK.
06:18:06:00	06:18:06:00	>> Oh alrighty.
06:18:06:00	06:18:07:00	Well let's go then.
06:18:07:00	06:18:07:00	Yes sir.
06:18:07:00	06:18:24:00	>> Yeah Ok.
06:18:24:00	06:18:27:00	So the question was about
06:18:27:00	06:18:31:00	having tomatoes seedlings Get
06:18:31:00	06:18:31:00	kind of long and leggy before
06:18:31:00	06:18:34:00	you put them Out and what is an
06:18:34:00	06:18:38:00	appropriate air temperature?
06:18:38:00	06:18:38:00	Did I get that right?
06:18:38:00	06:18:39:00	OK.
06:18:39:00	06:18:43:00	>> So with Tomato seedlings
06:18:43:00	06:18:49:00	first of all You can probably
06:18:49:00	06:18:49:00	Mitigate that problem by
06:18:49:00	06:18:52:00	starting them A little bit
06:18:52:00	06:18:56:00	later but also by Making sure
06:18:56:00	06:18:57:00	that you don't over fertilize
06:18:57:00	06:19:00:00	with nitrogen An ideal kind of
06:19:00:00	06:19:03:00	temperature would Be like about
06:19:03:00	06:19:04:00	70 degrees during the day and
06:19:04:00	06:19:07:00	60 Night or so.
06:19:07:00	06:19:11:00	>> If that Is not doable at
06:19:11:00	06:19:14:00	least sixty five and 50 Five
06:19:14:00	06:19:15:00	would be what I'd recommend.
06:19:15:00	06:19:18:00	>> A lot of You know, it's
06:19:18:00	06:19:19:00	interesting because the air and
06:19:19:00	06:19:22:00	the media Are two different
06:19:22:00	06:19:23:00	things in terms of temperature
06:19:23:00	06:19:25:00	and if you have The air too hot
06:19:25:00	06:19:26:00	and the media is too cold then
06:19:26:00	06:19:29:00	you have Problems because
06:19:29:00	06:19:30:00	the root system isn't growing
06:19:30:00	06:19:33:00	fast enough To keep up with
06:19:33:00	06:19:33:00	the air temperature that's
06:19:33:00	06:19:37:00	forcing The plant to grow
06:19:37:00	06:19:37:00	faster.
06:19:37:00	06:19:38:00	So you want to make sure you
06:19:38:00	06:19:40:00	have kind of a balance Between
06:19:40:00	06:19:41:00	the media temperature and
06:19:41:00	06:19:43:00	the air temperature.
06:19:43:00	06:19:44:00	>> Oh, sorry.
06:19:44:00	06:19:56:00	Yes, The question was about
06:19:56:00	06:19:59:00	rotation if You could not
06:19:59:00	06:20:00:00	rotate but use soil amendment.
06:20:00:00	06:20:04:00	>> The problem Is that those
06:20:04:00	06:20:04:00	fungal spores tend to build up
06:20:04:00	06:20:07:00	in the soil Because they have
06:20:07:00	06:20:11:00	tomato roots and tomato leaves
06:20:11:00	06:20:12:00	And fruits to feed on.
06:20:12:00	06:20:12:00	So even though you're amending
06:20:12:00	06:20:14:00	it you might be Diluting the US
06:20:14:00	06:20:18:00	the spores But you're probably
06:20:18:00	06:20:22:00	still better off Trying to
06:20:22:00	06:20:23:00	rotate em starve them basically
06:20:23:00	06:20:26:00	is the idea There are some soil
06:20:26:00	06:20:27:00	borne diseases that have a
06:20:27:00	06:20:30:00	super Long viability period
06:20:30:00	06:20:32:00	like you know, 10 years or more
06:20:32:00	06:20:33:00	For those it's really difficult
06:20:33:00	06:20:34:00	to control through rotation
06:20:34:00	06:20:37:00	because usually We recommend a
06:20:37:00	06:20:38:00	three to four year rotation and
06:20:38:00	06:20:41:00	they'd still Be there if you if
06:20:41:00	06:20:41:00	you use that.
06:20:41:00	06:20:43:00	>> So it's important to know
06:20:43:00	06:20:44:00	What the issue is.
06:20:44:00	06:20:54:00	I think it's one more over here
06:20:54:00	06:20:54:00	.
06:20:54:00	06:20:55:00	>> Yeah.
06:20:55:00	06:20:56:00	That's a tough one.
06:20:56:00	06:20:57:00	The question was how do you
06:20:57:00	06:20:58:00	prevent cracking?
06:20:58:00	06:21:03:00	Cracking is often due to A lot
06:21:03:00	06:21:04:00	of water and the growth rates
06:21:04:00	06:21:06:00	of The fruit.
06:21:06:00	06:21:07:00	So we tend to see it more when
06:21:07:00	06:21:10:00	we've Had say a dry period and
06:21:10:00	06:21:13:00	then a really wet period.
06:21:13:00	06:21:14:00	We also tend to see it more on
06:21:14:00	06:21:17:00	some varieties than others And
06:21:17:00	06:21:18:00	when we have a really wet year
06:21:18:00	06:21:21:00	it tends to be problematic.
06:21:21:00	06:21:22:00	Heirloom varieties are more
06:21:22:00	06:21:25:00	unfortunately Susceptible to
06:21:25:00	06:21:25:00	that and particularly large
06:21:25:00	06:21:29:00	heirloom varieties Are more
06:21:29:00	06:21:29:00	susceptible.
06:21:29:00	06:21:30:00	But I have seen a fair amount
06:21:30:00	06:21:32:00	of it on sun gold Which is you
06:21:32:00	06:21:33:00	know a cherry tomato and I saw
06:21:33:00	06:21:36:00	more of that Last year when
06:21:36:00	06:21:37:00	again right around the time
06:21:37:00	06:21:39:00	when you know it was Tomato
06:21:39:00	06:21:40:00	picking season we got all that
06:21:40:00	06:21:43:00	rain and then Started to get
06:21:43:00	06:21:43:00	cracking.
06:21:43:00	06:21:44:00	Yes, sir.
06:21:44:00	06:21:54:00	>> Yeah, Usually they don't
06:21:54:00	06:21:57:00	recommend using sand for more
06:21:57:00	06:21:57:00	Drainage.
06:21:57:00	06:21:58:00	They recommend adding organic
06:21:58:00	06:22:01:00	matter.
06:22:01:00	06:22:02:00	One thing you might want to try
06:22:02:00	06:22:04:00	and do is like build up a berm
06:22:04:00	06:22:06:00	Sort of situation or even use a
06:22:06:00	06:22:08:00	raised bed Raised breads
06:22:08:00	06:22:09:00	usually drained pretty awesome
06:22:09:00	06:22:12:00	but It does involve some labor.
06:22:12:00	06:22:13:00	>> Yes.
06:22:13:00	06:22:22:00	Yes there.
06:22:22:00	06:22:23:00	Mm hmm.
06:22:23:00	06:22:30:00	Oh Well You know those are
06:22:30:00	06:22:30:00	typically the question was
06:22:30:00	06:22:33:00	about why don't My tomatoes
06:22:33:00	06:22:34:00	look like the ones that I buy
06:22:34:00	06:22:37:00	at the at the Garden Center.
06:22:37:00	06:22:38:00	Those have typically been
06:22:38:00	06:22:38:00	raised in a greenhouse
06:22:38:00	06:22:41:00	situation Where they've got
06:22:41:00	06:22:42:00	absolutely optimal fertility
06:22:42:00	06:22:44:00	and water And both media
06:22:44:00	06:22:48:00	temperature is high and The air
06:22:48:00	06:22:49:00	temperature is high.
06:22:49:00	06:22:52:00	I work part time at local
06:22:52:00	06:22:55:00	greenhouse And it's really
06:22:55:00	06:22:58:00	amazing we can get A saleable
06:22:58:00	06:22:59:00	crop starting with a seed.
06:22:59:00	06:23:03:00	It can Take like three weeks
06:23:03:00	06:23:06:00	and you've got a plant that's
06:23:06:00	06:23:07:00	You know about that tall and
06:23:07:00	06:23:07:00	ready to go.
06:23:07:00	06:23:10:00	It might Take quite a bit more
06:23:10:00	06:23:11:00	than that in a household
06:23:11:00	06:23:14:00	situation But that humidity and
06:23:14:00	06:23:14:00	heat is the thing that pushes
06:23:14:00	06:23:17:00	it along.
06:23:17:00	06:23:18:00	>> So yeah, it's hard to
06:23:18:00	06:23:19:00	achieve at home.
06:23:19:00	06:23:21:00	>> All righty.
06:23:21:00	06:23:25:00	>> Any other questions?
06:23:25:00	06:23:26:00	Please feel free to come up.
06:23:26:00	06:23:27:00	Thank you again for listening
06:23:27:00	06:23:31:00	And attending the Garden Expo.
06:23:31:00	06:23:42:00	>> Thank you, sir.