The annual gun deer hunting season in Wisconsin begins tomorrow, the long tradition of a regulated hunt in the state dates back to 1851. The modern season brings with it new challenges and opportunities for the thousands of hunters descending into the outdoors with high hopes for the harvest. Jeff Pristle is longtime deer program specialist with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources and he joins us now and Jeff thanks a lot for being here. Happy to be here. It's the day of anticipation. Correct. So with the gun deer season starting tomorrow, how many licenses have been sold as a measure of interest this year and how does that compare historically? Yeah, well interest, we're right on about the same pace as we've been the past couple of years or within a half a percent. So we'll be somewhere just shy of 600,000 deer hunters out on Saturday morning. Historically, Wisconsin peaked at 700,000 at the turn of the century 25 years ago. So we've seen a decline that's really driven just by the demographics of our of our hunting population, but it's it's kind of stabilized the last couple of years, which is a good thing. Yeah, those numbers don't sound bad. The estimate is that there are two million deer walking around out there. What do conditions this year look like for hunters to be able to harvest them? Well, the things that are in hunters favor this year are we're going to have relatively cool and calm conditions. We'd love, oh, we're not going to have that at least at the beginning of the season. Agricultural harvest, especially corn harvest is add or ahead of schedule. And so that's good in the farmland. And we're coming off of two mild winters. So that means the deer population in the Northern forest is trending up a little bit. The things that are stacked against us are that it's relatively late opener on the calendar. So the later we get into November with the opener, we do see a little reduct in daytime deer movement. And so that could work against us this weekend, but that's just part of the nature of hunting. What are the regions in Wisconsin that look more favorable for hunters? Well, I always think that's in the eye of the beholder because not all hunters are looking for the same for the best chance to see deer and harvest deer. You know, the counties in the state that perennially have the highest harvest densities are counties like Wapaca and Marquette Green Lake at the east central part of the state. We saw 13 counties in mostly in east central Wisconsin have a record buck kill last year. And there probably couldn't be in that same area this year. But if hunters that are looking for a different kind of experience, maybe a little more solitude and a lot of country to explore, you know, the Northern forest, you know, offers that in spades with big, big chunks of state and federal properties. That's where I'll be this weekend looking forward to that kind of an experience. I may not see as many deer, but that's not everyone's primary objective. So how do recent harvest of between three and 350,000 across all deer seasons compare? We've actually been in a pretty stable pattern really over the past decade. Isn't that like you said 300, 350,000? And it kind of undulates up and down driven mostly by antlerless deer harvest on the buck harvest has been pretty stable. And considering we've been seeing a slight decline in hunter numbers that that stability of harvest means that that more hunters are being successful. But it's certainly hunters that remember 20 years ago where we were in kind of a bulb of really high deer numbers and high hunter numbers. Remember those harvests where we were getting between 400,000 deer and then that peak, we got as many as 600,000 deer. But that was driven by really high antlerless harvests, which we're not seeing these days. And so it's we've had quite a bit of actual pretty stable conditions other than the minor fluctuations with weather and stuff in recent years. What would be the option optimal harvest to manage the deer population? In Wisconsin, yeah, there's two different stories going on always with that northern forest versus the farmland. And the northern forest is kind of driven by by by weather and things that we don't necessarily have control over and we may turn the antlerless harvest down, you know, after severe winters and up after mild winters this year, but in the in the agricultural part of the state, that's where the real challenge lies because optimally, we should be harvesting about two antlerless deer for every buck. And that just doesn't happen voluntarily. We've accomplished that in the past with mandatory antlerless harvest, but we tend without some type of incentive or mandatory. We tend to get them harvested at about one to one ratio. We really need to have that antlerless harvest at about 1.5. I have to choose per buck in those farmland counties. You speak about hunters considering being a hunter for the community, not just for themselves or individually. Well, what do you mean by that? Back to what we were just talking about in that those hunters that find themselves fortunate in the positions where they have access to deer. The challenge that we have is once a Wisconsin deer hunter gets a deer, hasn't been the freezer, they're incentive to take another deer goes way down. So even though we provide that opportunity, they're not necessarily incentivized to harvest an adequate number of deer in the places where we really have the opportunity to do so. So those hunters hopefully would be able to say, I can take an extra deer and there's instances that it can be put to use through our formal deer donation program. But there's a lot of other side benefits to managing the deer population, both ecologically and within the tolerances of human social tolerances, relates to car accidents and crop damage and all those types of things. And so this, you know, hunters for eons actually were a subset of the population that hunted for their community as a whole. We've kind of moved culturally towards a being being old. And it's, it's, I think, behovers to recapture that notion that we're hunters for the community so that the greater community sees us as an asset to them. What do you want hunters to be on the lookout for in terms of chronic wasting disease? Well, it's important for us to keep a good tab on how that disease is evolving in the state, both in terms of its rate of on the landscape and the prevalence within the areas. We're gathering really good information that not only helps us make better decisions in the future within Wisconsin, but other states are really learning from what we're capturing here in Wisconsin because the disease is not going away. But we can, there are steps we can take to mitigate its spread and work within having it on the landscape. So really our focus is on that leading edge where the disease is spreading in the state really kind of across the middle of the state. We encourage hunters statewide to get their deer sampled. And we've developed a good cohort of what I would call citizen science hunters that that Duke participate every year and contribute to that that database better decision making. How difficult is deer management in the state with waning numbers of hunters and changing conditions out there? It isn't real challenge in as much as we're talking about, you know, numbers, but the part of the challenge is that a lot of these deer exist in areas that are not accessible to the deer hunters. And the hunters would say, we'd love to help out with managing the deer population. We just don't have access to deer. So for landowners that recognize, hey, there's probably too many deer in this landscape. They have a role to play with maybe providing that access. And the other thing to be aware of is this is not unique to Wisconsin. Most of the Midwest states are seeing the same challenge in the Eastern states. And so at having a discussion about a paradigm shift towards, you know, enhancing harvest as it relates to, again, making the hunting community an asset to the total community. We leave it there, Jeff Pristle. Thanks very much for joining us. You bet. Good luck to all the hunters. On this and other issues facing Wisconsin, visit our website at pbswisconsin.org and then click on the news tab. That's our program for tonight. I'm Frederica Freiberg. Have a good weekend.