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- Ami Eckard-Lee: Can you tell
me first, what is a textile?

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- Majid Sarmadi: Oh,
that's a very good question.

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Textile is everywhere.

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It's made of fibers.
- Okay.

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- A building has a structure
of wood or brick.

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A textile has a structure made
from fibers.

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- Okay, like what kind
of fibers?

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- Fibers, all different kinds,
natural,

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and in past 70 years, 80 years,
also synthetic.

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- Ami: Okay.

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- So, we created synthetic
fibers for one reason, yeah?

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Because some of the properties,
the natural fibers did not have.

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- Mm-hmm, like stretchiness.

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- The strength.
- Ami: Strength.

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- And toughness.
- Uh-huh.

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- So, we have to create things.

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- So, we just invented something
new.

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- Majid: Yeah, something new.

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- But where do those fibers
actually come from?

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- Natural fibers grow,
such as cotton.

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- Ami: Okay.

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- Majid: Synthetic fibers
come from the oil.

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- Ami: It comes from oil?

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- Majid: We get the oil.
- Ami: Mm-hmm.

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- And we extract many, many
different products from oil.

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Some of them are the
basic blocks of the polymers

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that they make the fibers

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for synthetic material.
- Ami: Okay.

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- Majid: A molecule is made
of carbon or silicon.

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And then, it has a few other
atoms around it.

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And then create a monomer.

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And the monomer put together,

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create a polymer.
- Ami: Yes.

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- Majid: And polymer,
many of them together,

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create a single fiber.
- Ami: Okay.

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- Majid: And then, single fibers
twisted together create yarn.

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Yarn is made into the fabric.
- Ami: Mm-hmm.

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- Majid: And the fabric is cut
and sewn into clothing.

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So, resources such as oil
or other resources are there.

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We have limited resources,
so we have to be careful

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how we are using it, yeah?
- Ami: Mm-hmm.

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- A single t-shirt,
a cotton t-shirt,

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it takes 750 gallon of water
to process it.

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- Oh, my gosh!

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Just for one t-shirt?
- For one t-shirt.

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- Okay, so by the time we get
a cotton piece of clothing,

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even if the fiber is natural,

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we've used a lot
of unnatural processes

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and a lot of resources to get it
into this new form.

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Because it's not like a shirt
grows on a tree. [chuckles]

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- Majid: Exactly.

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Every single fiber has a use.
- Mm-hmm.

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- No single thing is bad
or pure good.

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- Uh-huh.

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- There is a bad selection
of end-use.

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Buy things that last longer.

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You use it more.

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Therefore, you extend its life.